Tuyn chn mt s bi t sch TUYN TP 10 NM THI OLYMPIC 30/4 HA HC 10- NXB GIO DC

Ti liu bi dng hc sinh gii khi 11

Tuyn chn mt s bi t sch TUYN TP 10 NM THI OLYMPIC 30/4 HA HC 10- NXB GIO DCPHN I: HALOGEN

Cu 4: ( 1996 trang 7)

Xt phn ng tng hp hiro ioua:

H2(kh) + I2(rn) ( 2HI(kh) H = +53kJ (a)

H2(kh) + I2(rn) ( 2HI(kh) (b)1.Phn ng (a) l to nhit hay thu nhit?

2.Xc nh hiu ng nhit ca phn ng tng hp hiro ioua (b) da vo nng lng lin kt nu bit nng lng lin kt ca H H, H I v I I ln lt bng 436, 295 v 150 kJ.mol-1. Gii thch s khc bit ca hai kt qu cho (a) v (b).

3.Vit biu thc tnh hng s cn bng K ca phn ng (a) theo phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng.

4.Thc hin phn ng tng hp hiro ioua theo (b) trong mt bnh kn, dung tch 2 lit nhit T, c hng s cn bng K = 36.

a, Nu nng ban u ca H2 v I2 bng nhau v bng 0,02M th nng ca cc cht ti thi im cn bng l bao nhiu?

b, cn bng trn, ngi ta thm vo bnh 0,06gam hiro th cn bng cng b ph v v hnh thnh cn bng mi. Tnh khi lng hiro ioua cn bng cui?

Gii:

1. Theo quy c H > 0 th phn ng thu nhit.

2. H2(kh) + I2(rn) ( 2HI(kh) (b)

Nn: H = (436 + 150) - 2. 295 = - 4kJ Gi tr nh bt thng l do cha xt nng lng cn cung cp chuyn I2 (rn) theo phn ng (a) thnh I2(kh) theo phn ng (b).

3. V I2 l cht rn nn:

4. H2(kh) + I2(rn) ( 2HI(kh)

Trc phn ng: 0,02M 0,02M 0Phn ng: x x 2x

Cn li: 0,02 x 0,02 x 2x

Vy :

Kt lun: cn bng: [HI] = 0,03M, [H2] = [I2] = 0,005M

S mol H2 thm:

0,06 : 2 = 0,03 (mol) nng tng thm: 0,03: 2 = 0,015M

H2(kh) + I2(rn) ( 2HI(kh)

Ban u: 0,02M 0,005M 0,03M

Phn ng: a a 2a

Cn bng: 0,02 a 0,005 a 0,03 + 2a

a = 2,91.10-3 v 2,89.10-2.

V a < 0,005 nn ch nhn a = 2,91.10-3Khi lng HI cn bng cui:

(0,03 + 2. 0,0029). 2. 128 = 9,165(gam)

Cu 6 (nm 1997 trang 17)

iu ch clo bng cch cho 100g MnO2 (cha 13% tp cht tr) tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl m c. Cho ton b kh clo thu c vo m500ml dung dch c cha NaBr v NaI. Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch, thu c cht rn A (mui khan) c khi lng m gam.a, Xc nh thnh phn cht rn A nu m = 117gam

b, Xc nh thnh phn cht rn A trong trng hp m = 137,6 gam. Bit rng trong trng hp ny, A gm hai mui khan. T l s mol NaI v NaBr phn ng vi Cl2 l 3: 2. Tnh nng mol ca NaBr v NaI trong dung dch u.

Cc phn ng u hon ton.

Cho Mn = 55, Br = 80, I = 127, Cl = 35,5, Na = 23

Gii:

MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O

1 mol 1 mol 1 mol

Cl2 + 2NaI 2NaCl + I21,5a mol 3a mol 3a mol

Cl2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br2a mol 2a mol 2a mol

a, Gi s Cl2 phn ng ht mNaCl = 2.58,5 = 117(g)

Cl2 phn ng ht, NaI v NaBr phn ng ht mA = mNaCl = 117g (tha)

A ch cha NaCl

Cl2 phn ng ht, NaI v NaBr d mA > 117 (g) (loi)Cl2 d, NaI v NaBr ht mA < 117(g) (loi)

Vy A ch cha NaCl

b, m = 137,6g > 117g Cl2 phn ng ht

NaI, NaBr d, nNaI : nNaBr = 3 : 2 NaI phn ng ht, NaBr cn d.

nNaI : nNaBr = 3 : 2 gi 3a v 2a ln lt l s mol NaI v NaBr phn ng Cl2 ta c

mA = mNaCl + mNaBr = 5a. 58,5 + mNaBr = 137,6 mNaBr = 20,6(g)

Cu 1: 1998 trang 24Cho kh Cl2 vo 100 ml dung dch NaI 0,2M (dung dch A). Sau , un si ui ht I2. Thm nc c tr li 100 ml (dung dch B).

a, Bit th tch kh Cl2 dng l 0,1344 lt (ktc). Tnh nng mol/l ca mi mui trong dung dch B?

b, Thm t t vo dung dch B mt dung dch AgNO3 0,05M. Tnh th tch dung dch AgNO3 dng, nu kt ta thu c c khi lng bng:

(1) Trng hp 1: 1,41 gam kt ta.

(2) Trng hp 2: 3,315 gam kt ta.

Chp nhn rng AgI kt ta trc. Sau khi AgI kt ta ht, th mi n AgCl kt ta.

c, Trong trng hp khi lng kt ta l 3,315 gam, tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion trong dung dch thu c sau phn ng vi AgNO3.

Gii:

Cl2 + 2NaI 2NaCl + I2 0,006 mol 0,012 mol 0,012 mol

nNaI ban u = 0,2.0,1 = 0,02 (mol)

Vy ht Cl2 d NaI. Dung dch B cha 0,020 0,012 = 0,008 mol NaI d v 0,012 mol NaCl.

CNaCl = 0,012 / 0,1 = 0,12M

CNaI = 0,008/0,1 = 0,08M

b, bit ch c AgI kt ta hay c hai AgI v AgCl kt ta, ta dng 2 mc so snh.

Mc 1: AgI kt ta ht, AgCl cha kt ta.

0,008 mol NaI 0,008 mol AgI

m1 = mAgI = 0,008.235 = 1,88 gam

Mc 2: AgI v AgCl u kt ta ht

0,012mol NaCl 0,012 mol AgCl

m2 = 1,88 + 0,012.143,5 = 3,602 gam

m = 1,41 gam

1,41 < m1 = 1,88 gam vy ch c AgI kt ta.

Vy

m = 3,315 gam

m1 = 1,88 < 3,315 < m2 = 3,602

Vy AgI kt ta ht v AgCl kt ta mt phn

mAgCl = 3,315 1,88 = 1,435 gam

nAgCl = 1,435/143,5 = 0,01 mol

S mol AgNO3

0,008 + 0,01 = 0,018 mol

c, Trong trng hp th nh, dung dch ch cn cha NO3-, Na+, Cl- d

Th tch dung dch =

Cu 2: 1999 trang 321. 18oC lng AgCl c th ha tan trong 1 lt nc l 1,5 mg. Tnh tch s tan ca AgCl.

Tnh nng bo ha ca Ag+ (mol/lt) khi ngi ta thm dung dch NaCl 58,5 mg/lt vo dung dch AgCl 18oC.

2. Ngi ta khuy iot nhit thng trong bnh cha ng thi nc v CS2 ngui, v nhn thy rng t l gia nng (gam/lt) ca iot tan trong nc v tan trong CS2 l khng i v bng 17.10-4.

Ngi ta cho 50ml CS2 vo 1 lt dung dch iot (0,1 g/l) trong nc ri khuy mnh. Tnh nng (g/l) ca iot trong nc.

Gii:

1. p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng

T = [Ag+][Cl-]Trong 1 lt dung dch:

Vy

Khi thm 1 lng dung dch NaCl.

Gi S2 l nng Ag+ mi: [Ag+] = S2 [Ag+] = [Cl-] = S2Gi l nng ca NaCl.Trong dung dch s ion Cl-: /1 lt

Vy [Ag+] = S2[Cl-] = + S2 18oC nhit khng i. T khng i.

S2(S2 + ) = 1,1.10-10 S22 + S2 1,1.10-10 = 0

Ch chn nghim ng dng:

= 0,0585/58,5 = 10-3Vy

S2 gim 100 ln so vi S12. Theo gi thuyt ta c:

Gi x l s mol iot t nc i vo CS2Vy: v

Suy ra: x = 0,0967

Nng iot trong nc l: 0,1 x = 0,0033 (g/l)

Cu 4: 2000 trang 38

a, Hai cc ng dung dch axit clohiric c ln hai a cn A v B. Cn trng thi cn bng. Cho a gam CaCO3 vo cc A v b gam M2CO3 (M l kim loi kim)vo cc B. Sau khi hai mui phn ng ht v tan hon ton, cn tr li v tr cn bng.

1. Thit lp bieetr thc tnh khi lng nguyn t M theo a v b.

2. Xc nh M khi a = 5 v b = 4,8.

b, Cho 20gam hn hp gm kim loi M v Al vo dung dch hn hp H2SO4 v HCl, trong s mol HCl gp 3 ln s mol H2SO4 th thu c 11,2 lt kh H2(ktc) v vn cn d 3,4 gam kim loi. Lc ly phn dung dch ri em c cn th thu c mt lng mui khan.1. Tnh tng khi lng mui khan thu c bit M c ha tr 2 trong cc mui ny.

2. Xc nh kim loi M nu bit s mol tham gia phn ng ca hai kim loi bng nhau.

Gii

a, CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O (1)

M2CO3 + 2HCl 2MCl + CO2 + H2O (2)

(1) khi lng cc A tng =

(2) khi lng cc B tng =

Ta c a = 5, b = 4,8 M 22,8 M l Natrib, M + 2H+ M2+ + H22Al + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3H2

1. mmui = (20 3,4) + 0,2.96 + 0,6.35,5 = 57,1gam

Gi x l s mol M tham gia phn ng

2. ta c h x.M + 27x = 20 3,4 = 16,6

= 2x + 3x = 1 M = 56 (Fe)

Cu 3: 2001 trang 44

2. 14,224 iot v 0,112g hiro c cha trong bnh kn th tch 1,12 lt nhit 400oC. Tc ban u ca phn ng l Vo = 9.10-5 mol.l-1.pht-1, sau mt thi gian (ti thi im t) nng mol ca HI l 0,04 mol/lt v khi phn ng: H2 + I2 2HI

t cn bng th [HI] = 0,06 mol/lt

a, Tnh hng s tc ca phn ng thun v nghch.

b, Tc to thnh HI ti thi im t l bao nhiu?

c, Vit n v cc i lng tnh c.Gii

1. Tnh hng s tc ca phn ng thun v phn ng nghch:

Phn ng: H2 + I2 2HIv1 = k1 [I2][H2]

a,

Mc khc:

k2 = 4.10-3.l.mol-1.pht-1.

b, Tc to thnh HI ti thi im t: vHI = vt vn = v1 v2 v1 = k1[I2][H2] = 36.10-3 l.mol-1.pht-1. mol2.l-2 v1 = 144. 10-7 mol. l-1. pht-1v2 = k2 [HI]2 = 4.10-3 l. mol-1. pht-1. 42. 10-4 . mol2. l-2 v2 = 64 . 10-7 mol. l-1. pht-1VHI = (144.10-7 - 64.10-7) mol. l-1. pht-1VHI = 0,8. 10-5 mol. l-1. pht-1

Chuyn : L THUYT V PHN NG HA HC

Cu 1: trang 112

Trong bnh kn dung tch khng i cha 35,2x (g) oxi v 160x (g) SO2. Kh SO2 136,5oC c xc tc V2O5. un nng bnh mt thi gian, a v nhit ban u, p sut bnh l P. Bit p sut bnh ban u l 4,5 atm v hiu sut phn ng l H%.

a, Lp biu thc tnh p sut sau phn ng P v t khi hi d ca hn hp kh sau phn ng so vi khng kh, theo H.b, Tm khong xc nh P, d?

c, Tnh dung tch bnh trong trng hp x = 0,25?

Hng dn gii:

2SO2 + O2 2SO3Ban u: 2,5x 1,1x 0

Phn ng: 2,2xH 1,1xH 2,2xH

Sau phn ng: (2,5x 2,2xH) (1,1x 1,1xH) 2,2xH

n2 = 2,5x - 2,2xG + 1,1x - 1,1xH + 2,2xH = x(3,6 - 1,1H) (mol)

Trng hp bi ton ng V, ng T.

b, Khi H = 0 P = 4,5 (atm)

H = 1 P = 3,125 (atm)

Vy trong thi gian phn ng th 3,125 < P < 4,5T khi hi so vi khng kh:

Khi H = 0 d = 1,87

H = 1 d = 2,69

Vy 1,87 < d < 2,69

C, p dng cng thc: PV = nRTPu = 4,5atm

Nu = 3,6x = 3,6.0,25 = 0,9(mol)

Cu 11: trang 126

Tnh nng lng mng tinh th ion ca mui BaCl2 t cc d kin:

Nhit to thnh tiu chun ca BaCl2 tinh th: - 205,6 kcal/mol

Nng lng lin kt Cl2: + 57 kcal/mol

Nhit thng hoa Ba: + 46 kcal/mol

Nng lng ion ha th nht ca Ba: + 119,8 kcal/molNng lng ion ha th hai ca Ba: + 230,0 kcal/mol

Gii:

Nng lng mng tinh th ion ca BaCl2 tc l hiu ng nhit ca qu trnh sau, (trong nng lng tnh theo n v kcal/mol):

Qu trnh to thnh mui BaCl2 tinh th qua nhng bc sau,

Phn li phn t Cl2: Cl2(k) 2Cl- ; H1 = +57,0

Clo nhn electron: 2Cl + 2e 2Cl- ; H2 = 2.(-87)

Ba rn thang hoa: Ba(r) Ba(k); H3 = +46,0

Ba mt electron: Ba(k) 1e Ba+(k); H4 = +119,8

Ba+(k) 1e Ba2+(k); H5 = +230,0

To mng li:

Qu trnh chung: Ba(r) + 2Cl-(k) BaCl2(r); H = -205,6

Theo nh lut Hess: H = H1 + H2 + H3 + H4 + H5 + H0 H0 = H (H1 + H2 + H3 + H4 + H5 )

= -205 57 (-174) - 46 119,8 230

= - 484,4 kcal/mol

Cu 6: chuyn phn ng oxi ha kh trang 147

1. Vit cc phn ng ha hc trong cc trng hp sau:

a, Ozon oxi ha I- trong mi trng trung tnh.b, Sc kh CO2 qua nc Javen.

c, Cho nc clo vo dung dch KI.

d, H2O2 kh MnO4- trong mi trng axit.

e, Sc kh flo qua dung dch NaOH long lnh.

Gii:

a, O3 + 2I- + H2O O2 + I2 + 2OH-b, CO2 + NaClO + H2O NaHCO3 + HclO

c, Cl2 + KI 2KCl + I2d, 5H2O2 + 2MnO-4 + 6H+ 5O2 + 2Mn2+ + 8H2O

e, 2F2 + 2NaOH 2NaF + H2O + OF2

Cu 9: trang 150

Th tch kh clo cn phn ng vi kim loi M bng 1,5 ln lng kh sinh ra khi cho cng lng kim loi tc dng hon ton vi axit clohiric d trong cng iu kin. Khi lng mui clo sinh ra trong phn ng vi clo gp 1,2886 ln lng sinh ra trong phn ng vi axit axit clohiric.a, Xc nh kim loi M.

b, Phn ng gia HCl v mui M (VI) xy ra theo chiu no khi nng cc cht u trng thi chun v khi tng nng H+ ln hai ln.

Bit v

Hng dn gii:

M + Cl2 MClnM + mHCl MClm + H2a, T = 1,5 v m, n = 1, 2, 3 n = 3, m = 2v M + 106,5 = 1,2886.(M + 71)

M = 52 g/mol, M l Crom

b, 14H+ + 6Cl- + Cr2O72- Cl2 + 2Cr3+ + 7H2OEo = 1,33 1,36 = -0,03V: phn ng xy ra theo chiu nghch.

: phn ng xy ra theo chiu thun.Cu 11: trang 152

1. Ag kim loai c kh nng tc dng c vi dung dch HI 1N tp thnh kh H2 khng?

Cho TAgI = 8,3.10-17

E0(Ag+/Ag) = +0,799V

2. Trn 250ml dung dch AgNO3 0,01M vi 150ml dung dch HCl 0,1M. Tnh nng cc ion ti thi im cn bng TAgCl = 10-10.

Hng dn gii:

[I-] = 1ion g/l [Ag+] = 8,3.10-17 ion g/l

= 0,799 + 0,059.lg8,3.10-17 = -0,15V

Nu c phn ng xy ra, xt phn ng:

2Ag + 2H+ 2Ag+ + H2E = +0,15V

Vy Ag c th y H2 ra khi HI trong iu kin cho.

2.

Nu phn ng ht:

Ag+ + Cl- AgCl

6,25.10-3 6,25.10-3 Cn bng: AgCl Ag+ + Cl-Ban u: 3,125.10-2M

Phn ng: x x

Cn bng: x 3,125.10-2 + x

TAgCl = 10-10 x(3,125.10-2 + x) = 10-10x qu nh:

[Ag+] = 3,2.10-9M; [NO3-] = 6,25.10-3M

[Cl-] = 3,125.10-2M; [H+] = 3,75.10-2M

Cu 12: trang 1541. MnO4- c th oxi ha ion no trong s cc ion Cl-, Br-, I- cc gi tr pH ln lt bng 0, 3, 5? Trn c s ngh mt phng pho nhn bit cc ion halogenua c trong hn hp gm Cl-, Br-, I-.

Bit , , ,

2. A l dung dch cha AgNO3 0,01M, NH3 0,23M; v B l dung dch cha Cl-, Br-, I- u c nng 10-2M. Trn dung dch A vi dung dch B (gi thuyt nng ban u ca cc ion khng i) th kt ta no c to thnh? Trn c s hy ngh phng pho nhn bit s c mt ca ion Cl- trong mt dung dch hn hp cha Cl-, Br-, I-.

Bit K = 10-7,24TAgCl = 10-10, TAgBr = 10-13, TAgI = 10-16Hng dn gii:

1. 8H+ + MnO4- + 5e Mn2+ + 4H2O

* pH = 0,

Nh vy MnO4- oxi ha c c Cl-, Br-, I-.

* pH = 3, nhng ln hn . Nh vy MnO4- ch oxi ha c Br-, I-.

* pH = 5, nhng ln hn . Nh vy MnO4- ch oxi ha c I-.Nh vy nhn bit dung dch hn hp Cl-, Br-, I- ta c th dng dung dch KmnO4 v dung mi chit CCl4. Lc u tin hnh phn ng pH = 5, trong lp dung mi chit s c mu tm ca iot. Thay lp dung mi, pH = 3, s thy dung mi co mu vng ca brom. Cui cng loi lp dung mi v kh lng MnO4- d v nhn bit ion Cl- d bng AgNO3.

2. Coi phn ng gia AgNO3 v NH3 xy ra hon ton, nh vy dung dch A s gm 0,01M v NH3 0,23M.

K = 10-7,24Nng ban u: 0,01 0,23Nng cn bng 0,01- x x 0,23 + 2x

. Gn ng ta c: [Ag+] = x 10-8M[Ag+]. [Cl-] = 10-10 TAgCl = 10-10 nhng ln hn TAgBr = 10-13, TAgI = 10-16, nn ch c ion Br- v I- kt ta. Sau dng axit ph phc lm tng nng ca ion Ag+ v nhn c Cl- nh kt ta AgCl.

Cu 13: trang 155Vit phng trnh di dng ion thu gn phn ng xy ra khi cho dung dch KI tc dng vi dung dch KmnO4 (trong mi trng axit) trong cc trng hp sau:1. Sau phn ng cn d ion ioua (c gii thch).

2. Sau phn ng cn d ion pemanganat (c gii thch).

Bit gin th kh ca I v Mn trong mi trng axit nh sau:

Hng dn gii:

Da vo gin th kh ca I- ta suy ra HIO khng bn v

nn HIO s d phn thnh v

Ta vit li gin th kh ca I nh sau:

Da vo th kh ca Mn ta suy ra v Mn3+ khng bn v chng c th kh bn phi ln hn th kh bn tri nn chng s b d phn thnh hai tiu phn bn cnh nh HIO.i vi qu trnh Mn2+ Mn ta cng khng xt v Mn kim loi khng th tn ti trong dung dch nc khi c mt H+ do th kh ca Mn2+/Mn qu m.

Do ta c th vit li gin th kh ca Mn nh sau:

Ta c phng trnh ion thu gn trong cc trng hp nh sau:

1. Trng hp sau phn ng c I- d:

hoc khng th cng tn ti vi I- v:

v

Nn hoc u c th oxi ha thnh .

Nh vy ch b oxi ha thnh .

Khi d th v khng th tn ti v v u ln hn nn v u c th oxi ha thnh . Nh vy b kh hon ton thnh . Do phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi d di dng ion thu gn nh sau:

Trng hp sau phn ng c d :

khng th tn ti khi d v nn s oxi ha thnh .

Khi d th v cng khng th tn ti v: nn oxi ha l v .Nh vy sn phm sinh ra khi b oxi ha l v mt lng nh v .

Do phng trnh ny xy ra khi d nh sau:

Cu 7: trang 170nh gi kh nng ha tan ca HgS trong:

a, Axit nitric

b, Nc cng toan

Bit ; ;

Hng dn gii:

a, Trong axit nitric:

Cc qu trnh xy ra:

V k rt nh nn xem nh HgS khng tan trong HNO3.

b, Trong nc cng toan:

Cc qu trnh xy ra:

rt ln. Vy HgS tan mnh trong nc cng toan.

Cu 8: trang 171Thm 1 ml dung dch H2S 0,01M vo 1ml dung dch hn hp:

Fe3+ 0,01M v H+ 0,1M.

C xut hin kt ta khng? Bit:

; ;;;

Hng dn gii:

Nng cc cht sau khi trn: [H2S] = 5.10-3 mol/l

[Fe3+] = 5.10-3 mol/l

[H+] = 5.10-2 mol/l

(1)

(2)

T hp (1) v (2)

(3)

5.10-3 2,5.10-3 5.10-3 5.10-3(M)

V K3 rt ln nn phn ng (3) xy ra hon ton:

(4) K4

(5) K5

T hp (4) v (5)

H2S 2H+ + S2- (6) K6 = K4. K5 = 10-19,92

Cn bng (2,5.10-3 x) (5,5.10-2 + 2x) x

x = [S2-] = 5,2.10-20.

Ta c: [Fe2+].[S2-] = 2,6.10-23 < TFeSVy FeS cha kt ta.

Cu 2: trang 1921. Hy cho bit s bin thin tnh axit ca dy HXO4 (X l halogen). Gii thch?

2. Mt hn hp X gm 3 mui halogen ca kim loi Natri nng 6,23g ha tan hon ton trong nc c dung dch A. Sc kh clo d vo dung dch A ri c cn hon ton dung dch sau phn ng c 3,0525g mui khan B. Ly mt na lng mui ny ha tan vo nc ri cho phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th thu c 3,22875g kt ta. Tm cng thc ca cc mui v tnh % theo khi lng mi mui trong X.Hng dn gii:

Tnh axit ca dy HXO4 gim dn khi X: Cl I

Gii thch:

Cu to ca HXO4.

O O

H O X O hoc H O X = O

O O

V Cl I m in gim lm cho phn cc ca lin kt O H gim.

2. Gi s lng mui khan B thu c sau khi cho clo d vo dung dch A ch c NaCl

NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3 (1)Theo (1)

Do , mui khan B thu c ngoi NaCl cn c NaF. Vy trong hn hp X cha NaF.

mNaF = mB mNaCl = 3,0525 0,045.58,5 = 0,42(g)

Gi cng thc chung ca hai mui halogen cn li l:

(2)Theo (2)

Do :

phi c mt halogen c M > 106,11 l iot. Vy cng thc ca mui th 2 l NaI.

Do c hai trng hp:

* Trng hp 1: NaF, NaCl v NaI

Gi a, b ln lt l s mol ca NaCl v NaI

Ta c:

mNaCl = 58,5.0,01027 = 0,6008(g)mNaI = 150. 0,03472 = 5,208 (g)

Vy:

Trng hp 2: NaF, NaBr v NaI

Ta c:

mNaBr = 103.0,02 = 2,06(g)

mNaI = 150.0,025 = 3,75 (g)

Vy ;

;

Cu 8: X l mt loi mui kp ngm nc c cha kim loi kim clorua v magie clorua. xc nh cng thc ca X, ngi ta lm cc th nghim sau:* Ly 5,55g X ha tan vo nuoc ri em dung dch thu c tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 to thnh 8,61gam kt ta.

* Nung 5,55g X n khi lng khng i th khi lng gim 38,92%. Cht rn thu c cho tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch NaOH to kt ta. Lc ly kt ta, ra sch ri nung n khi lng khng i thu c 0,8gam cht rn.Hy xc nh cng thc ca X.

Hng dn gii:

* Th nghim 1: Ag+ + Cl- AgCl;

Th nghim 2:

Khi nung, xy ra s loi nc c mui khan, nn khi lng nc ngm trong mui bng 38,92%5,55=2,16gam, ng vi 2,16/18 = 0,12mol H2O.

Khi tc dng vi dung dch NaOH: Mg2+ + 2OH- Mg(OH)2

Nung Mg(OH)2 MgO + H2O

nMgO = 0,8/40 = 0,02mol = ng vi 0,02 mol MgCl2 ban u.

Cn li 0,02 mol Cl- s kt hp vi ion kim loi M+ cho 0,02 mol MCl c khi lng bng:

5,55 (2,16 + 0,02.95) = 1,49 gam.

Tnh c: vC. Vy M l Kali

Cng thc ca mui l: 0,02 mol KCl, 0,02 mol MgCl2, 0,12 mol H2O hay KCl.MgCl2.6H2O.

Cu 10: trang 206

Cho hn hp A gm 3 mui MgCl2, NaBr, KI. Cho 93,4 gam hn hp A tc dng vi 700 ml dung dch AgNO3 2M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch D v kt ta B. Lc kt ta B, cho 22,4 gam bt Fe vo dung dch D. Sau khi phn ng kt xong thu c cht rn F v dung dch E. Cho F vo dung dch HCl d to ra 4,48 lt H2 (kc). Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch E thu c kt ta, nung kt ta trong khng kh cho n khi lng khng i thu c 24 gam cht rn.

1. Tnh khi lng kt ta B.

2. Ha tan hn hp A trn vo nc to ra dung dch X. Dn V lt Cl2 sc vo dung dch X, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 66,2 gam cht rn. Tnh V(kc)?

Hng dn gii:

Gi a, b, c ln lt l s mol ca MgCl2, NaBr, KI.

Phng trnh phn ng:

Cl- + Ag+ AgCl (1)

Cl- + Ag+ AgBr (2)

I- + Ag-+ AgI (3)

Fe + 2Ag+(d) Fe2+ + 2Ag (4)

Fe(d) + 2H+ Fe2+ + H2 (5)

Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2 (6)

2Fe(OH)2 + O2 + H2O 2Fe(OH)3 (7)

2Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O (8)

Mg2+ + 2OH- Mg(OH)2 (9)

Mg(OH)2 MgO + H2O (10)

Theo (5) nFe(d) =

Theo (1) (2) (3)

(I)

mrn =

a = 0,2 (II)

mA = 95.0,2 + 103b + 166c = 93,4 (III)

2. Phng trnh phn ng: Cl2 + 2I- 2Cl- + I2 (1)

Cl2 + 2Br- 2Cl- + Br2 (2)

Khi phn ng (1) xy ra hon ton khi lng mui gim:

0,2(127 35,5) = 18,3 gam

Khi c hai phn ng (1) v (2) xay ra hon ton khi lng mui gim:

0,2(127 35,5) + 0,4(80 35,5) = 36,1 gam

Theo bi ta co khi lng mui gim:

93,4 66,2 = 27,2 gam

18,3 < 27,2 < 36,1 chng t phn ng (1) xy ra hon ton v c mt phn phn ng (2).

t s mol Br2 phn ng bng x th khi lng mui gim:

18,3 + x(80 35,5) = 27,2

Suy ra x = 0,2 mol

Vy

Cu 11: trang 208

Hn hp A: KClO3, Ca(ClO3)2, Ca(ClO)2, CaCl2, KCl nng 83,68 gam. Nhit phn hon ton A thu c cht rn B gm CaCl2, KCl v mt th tch oxi va oxi ha SO2 thnh SO3 iu ch 191,1 gam dung dch H2SO4 80%. Cho cht rn B tc dng vi 360 ml dung dch K2CO3 0,5M (va ) thu c kt ta C v dung dch D. Lng KCl trong dung dch D nhiu gp 22/3 ln lng KCl trong A.

1. Tnh khi lng kt ta C?

2. Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca KClO3 trong A?

Hng dn gii:

Hn hp A

Mol

Mol

Mol c

* Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng:

83,68 = 74,5(a + e) + 111(b + c + d) + 32(+ 3b + c) (1)

Mol

Mol

(2)

* Cht rn B

KCl + K2CO3

CaCl2 + K2CO3 2KCl + CaCO3

Mol (b + c + d) (b + c + d) 2(b + c + d) (b + c + d)

S mol K2CO3 = 0,36. 0,5 = 0,18 (mol) = b + c + d (3)

* Kt ta C: CaCO3Khi lng kt ta CaCO3 = 100(b + c + d) = 100. 0,18 = 18 gam

2. Dung dch D (KCl)

nKCl = a + e + 2(b + c + d) = (a + e) + 2. 0,18

= a + e + 0,36

(4)

T (1), (2), (3), (4) ta c:

Cu 12: trang 210

Cho 50g dung dch X cha 1 mui halogenua kim loi ha tr II tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th thu c 9,40g kt ta. Mt khc, dng 150g dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch Na2CO3 d th thu c 6,30g kt ta. Lc kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i, kh thot ra cho vo 80g dung dch KOH 14,50%. Sau phn ng, nng dung dch KOH gim cn 3,85%.

a, Xc nh CTPT ca mui halogen trn.

b, Tnh C% mui trong dung dch X ban u.

Hng dn gii:

a, CTPT mui MX2:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

L lun:

(1) s mol AgX(1) (5)

(2) s mol MX2(2) = s mol MCO3(2) = s mol CO2 = (6)

(4) mKOHpu(4) = (7)

M mKOH(b) = 11,6g

mKOHsau p (8)

mKOHpu(4) = mKOH(b) + mKOHsau p

(9)

Gii ra M = 24 (Mg).

(6) s mol MX2(2) = 0,075 s mol MX2(1) = 0,025

(1) s mol ca AgX(1) = 2 ln s mol MX2(1)

(5) X = 80 (Br)

CT mui: MgBr2.

b, Khi lng MgBr2 (trong 50gam dung dch X) = 4,6g

C% MgBr2 = 9,2%.

Cu 19: trang 224

X l mui c cng thc NaIOx.

Ha tan X vo nc thu c dung dch A. Cho kh SO2 i t t qua dung dch A thy xut hin dung dch mu nu, tip tc sc SO2 vo th mt mu nu v thu c dung dch B. Thm mt t dung dch axit HNO3 vo dung dch B v sau thm lng d dung dch AgNO3, thy xut hin kt ta mu vng.

- Thm dung dch H2SO4 long v KI vo dung dch A, thy xut hin dung dch mu nu v mu nu mt i khi thm dung dch Na2S2O3 vo.

a, Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra di dng ion thu gn.

b, xc nh chnh xc cng thc ca mui X ngi ta ha tan 0,100 gam vo nc, thm lng d KI v vi ml dung dch H2SO4 long, dung dch coa mu nu. Chun I2 sinh ra dung dch Na2S2O3 0,1M vi cht ch th h tinh bt cho ti khi mt mu, thy tn ht 37,40ml dung dch Na2S2O3. Tm cng thc ca X.

hng dn gii:

a, Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra di dng ion thu gn:

(2x - 1)SO2 + 2IOx- + (2x - 2)H2O I2 + (2x - 1)SO42- + (4x - 4)H+ (1)

SO2 + I2 + 2H2O 2I- + SO42- + 4H+ (2)

Ag+ + I- AgI

2IOx- + (2x - 1)I- + 2xH+ xI2 + xH2O (3)

I2 + 2S2O32- 2I- + S4O62- (4)

b, Theo (4):

x = 4

Vy cng thc mui X l NaIO4.

Cu 20: trang 225

1. a, Cho m gam hn hp gm NaBr v NaI phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c hn hp kh A iu kin chun. iu kin thch hp, A phn ng va vi nhau to cht rn c mu vng v mt cht lng khng lm chuyn mu qu tm. Cho Na d vo phn cht lng c dung dch B. Dung dch B hp th va vi 2,24 lt CO2 iu kin tiu chun c 9,5 gam mui.

Tm m.

b, ngh mt phng php tinh ch NaCl khan c ln cc mui khan NaBr, NaI, Na2CO3.

2. a, Mt axit mnh c th y c axit yu ra khi mui, nhng mt axit yu cng c th y c axit mnh ra khi mui. Ly v d minh ha v gii thch.

b, Ti sao H2SO4 khng phi l axit mnh hn HCl v HNO3 nhng li y c nhng axit ra khi mui?

c, C mt hn hp gm 2 kh A v B:

- Nu trn cng mt th tch th t khi hi ca hn hp so vi Heli l 7,5(d1).

- Nu trn cng khi lng th t khi hi ca hn hp so vi oxi l

- Tm khi lng mol ca A v B. Bit th tch kh c o iu kin tiu chun.

Hng dn gii:

1. a, A phn ng va vi nhau to cht rn mu vng A l hn hp SO2 v H2S.

Mt khc, NaBr c tnh kh yu hn NaI.

2NaBr + 2H2SO4 Na2SO4 + Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O

0,15mol 0,075mol

8NaI + 5H2SO4 4Na2SO4 + 4I2 + H2S + 4H2O

(0,15.8)mol 0,15mol

2H2S + SO2 3S + 2H2O

0,15mol 0,075mol 0,15mol

Cht lng l H2O:

2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2

0,15mol 0,15mol

B l NaOH

CO2 + NaOH NaHCO3x(mol) x x (mol)

CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O

y 2y y

mhn hp = (0,15.103) + (0,15.8.150) = 195,45(g)

b, Cho hn hp trn vo dung dch HCl, ch Na2CO3 phn ng:

Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2

Sc kh clo vo dung dch thu c:

2NaBr + Cl2 2NaCl + Br22NaI + Cl2 2NaCl + I2C cn dung dch, Br2 v I2 ha hi thot ra, NaCl kt tinh li.

2. a, Mt axit mnh c th y c mt axit yu ra khi mui v axit yu l cht in li yu hoc cht khng bn.

Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3- (1)

HCO3- H+ + CO32- (2)

HCl H+ + Cl-

Khi cho HCl vo dung dch Na2CO3 lm tng nng H+ lm cho cc cn bng (1) (2) chuyn sang tri to ra H2CO3 ri sau l CO2 v H2O

Ngc li, 1 axit yu c th y c 1 axit mnh ra khi mui

Pb(NO3)2 + H2S PbS + 2HNO3 Axit yu axit mnh

V PbS khng tan.

b, H2SO4 khng phi l axit mnh hn HCl v HNO3 nhng y c 2 axit ra khi mui v H2SO4 l axit khng bay hi cn HCl v HNO3 l axit d bay hi.

2NaCl + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2HCl

2NaNO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2HNO3c,

hoc

Cu 32: trang 243Nung hn hp bt Mg v S trong bnh kn ri ngui. Ly ton b cc cht sau phn ng cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl thu c sn phm kh c t khi hi so vi khng kh l 0,9. t chy hon ton 3 lt sn phm kh (kc) trn ri thu sn phm chy vo 100ml dung dch H2O2 5% (t khi bng 1).

a, Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

b, Tnh phn trm khi lng Mg v S trong hn hp u.

c, Tnh nng % ca dung dch thu c cui cng.

Hng dn gii:

a, Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

Mg + S MgS (1)a (mol)MgS + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2S (2)

a (mol) a (mol)

MTB kh = 29.0.9 = 26,1<

Vy trong sn phm c kh H2 do Mg dMg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 (3)

b(mol) b (mol)2H2S + 3O2 2SO2 + 2H2O (4)

H2 + 1/2O2 H2O (5)

SO2 + H2O2 H2SO4 (6)

b, Gi a, b l s mol Mg tham gia phn ng (1) v (3)

7,9a = 24b

c, ; ; ;

Dung dch sau cng cha H2SO4, H2O2.

mdd = 100 + 18.(0,033 + 0,1) + 64.0,1 = 108,794 (g)

= 0,1.98 = 9,8 (g)

Bi tp v nhCu 4: ( 1996 trang 7)

Xt phn ng tng hp hiro ioua:

H2(kh) + I2(rn) ( 2HI(kh) H = +53kJ (a)

H2(kh) + I2(rn) ( 2HI(kh) (b)

1.Phn ng (a) l to nhit hay thu nhit?

2.Xc nh hiu ng nhit ca phn ng tng hp hiro ioua (b) da vo nng lng lin kt nu bit nng lng lin kt ca H H, H I v I I ln lt bng 436, 295 v 150 kJ.mol-1. Gii thch s khc bit ca hai kt qu cho (a) v (b).

3.Vit biu thc tnh hng s cn bng K ca phn ng (a) theo phng trnh ho hc ca phn ng.

4.Thc hin phn ng tng hp hiro ioua theo (b) trong mt bnh kn, dung tch 2 lit nhit T, c hng s cn bng K = 36.

a, Nu nng ban u ca H2 v I2 bng nhau v bng 0,02M th nng ca cc cht ti thi im cn bng l bao nhiu?

b, cn bng trn, ngi ta thm vo bnh 0,06gam hiro th cn bng cng b ph v v hnh thnh cn bng mi. Tnh khi lng hiro ioua cn bng cui?Cu 6 (nm 1997 trang 17)

iu ch clo bng cch cho 100g MnO2 (cha 13% tp cht tr) tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl m c. Cho ton b kh clo thu c vo m500ml dung dch c cha NaBr v NaI. Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch, thu c cht rn A (mui khan) c khi lng m gam.

a, Xc nh thnh phn cht rn A nu m = 117gam

b, Xc nh thnh phn cht rn A trong trng hp m = 137,6 gam. Bit rng trong trng hp ny, A gm hai mui khan. T l s mol NaI v NaBr phn ng vi Cl2 l 3: 2. Tnh nng mol ca NaBr v NaI trong dung dch u.

Cc phn ng u hon ton.

Cho Mn = 55, Br = 80, I = 127, Cl = 35,5, Na = 23Cu 1: 1998 trang 24

Cho kh Cl2 vo 100 ml dung dch NaI 0,2M (dung dch A). Sau , un si ui ht I2. Thm nc c tr li 100 ml (dung dch B).

a, Bit th tch kh Cl2 dng l 0,1344 lt (ktc). Tnh nng mol/l ca mi mui trong dung dch B?

b, Thm t t vo dung dch B mt dung dch AgNO3 0,05M. Tnh th tch dung dch AgNO3 dng, nu kt ta thu c c khi lng bng:

(1) Trng hp 1: 1,41 gam kt ta.

(2) Trng hp 2: 3,315 gam kt ta.

Chp nhn rng AgI kt ta trc. Sau khi AgI kt ta ht, th mi n AgCl kt ta.

c, Trong trng hp khi lng kt ta l 3,315 gam, tnh nng mol/l ca cc ion trong dung dch thu c sau phn ng vi AgNO3.Cu 2: 1999 trang 32

1. 18oC lng AgCl c th ha tan trong 1 lt nc l 1,5 mg. Tnh tch s tan ca AgCl.

Tnh nng bo ha ca Ag+ (mol/lt) khi ngi ta thm dung dch NaCl 58,5 mg/lt vo dung dch AgCl 18oC.

2. Ngi ta khuy iot nhit thng trong bnh cha ng thi nc v CS2 ngui, v nhn thy rng t l gia nng (gam/lt) ca iot tan trong nc v tan trong CS2 l khng i v bng 17.10-4.

Ngi ta cho 50ml CS2 vo 1 lt dung dch iot (0,1 g/l) trong nc ri khuy mnh. Tnh nng (g/l) ca iot trong nc.Cu 4: 2000 trang 38

a, Hai cc ng dung dch axit clohiric c ln hai a cn A v B. Cn trng thi cn bng. Cho a gam CaCO3 vo cc A v b gam M2CO3 (M l kim loi kim)vo cc B. Sau khi hai mui phn ng ht v tan hon ton, cn tr li v tr cn bng.

1. Thit lp bieetr thc tnh khi lng nguyn t M theo a v b.

2. Xc nh M khi a = 5 v b = 4,8.

b, Cho 20gam hn hp gm kim loi M v Al vo dung dch hn hp H2SO4 v HCl, trong s mol HCl gp 3 ln s mol H2SO4 th thu c 11,2 lt kh H2(ktc) v vn cn d 3,4 gam kim loi. Lc ly phn dung dch ri em c cn th thu c mt lng mui khan.

1. Tnh tng khi lng mui khan thu c bit M c ha tr 2 trong cc mui ny.

2. Xc nh kim loi M nu bit s mol tham gia phn ng ca hai kim loi bng nhau.Cu 3: 2001 trang 44

2. 14,224 iot v 0,112g hiro c cha trong bnh kn th tch 1,12 lt nhit 400oC. Tc ban u ca phn ng l Vo = 9.10-5 mol.l-1.pht-1, sau mt thi gian (ti thi im t) nng mol ca HI l 0,04 mol/lt v khi phn ng: H2 + I2 2HI

t cn bng th [HI] = 0,06 mol/lt

a, Tnh hng s tc ca phn ng thun v nghch.

b, Tc to thnh HI ti thi im t l bao nhiu?

c, Vit n v cc i lng tnh c.

Cu 1: trang 112

Trong bnh kn dung tch khng i cha 35,2x (g) oxi v 160x (g) SO2. Kh SO2 136,5oC c xc tc V2O5. un nng bnh mt thi gian, a v nhit ban u, p sut bnh l P. Bit p sut bnh ban u l 4,5 atm v hiu sut phn ng l H%.

a, Lp biu thc tnh p sut sau phn ng P v t khi hi d ca hn hp kh sau phn ng so vi khng kh, theo H.

b, Tm khong xc nh P, d?

c, Tnh dung tch bnh trong trng hp x = 0,25?Cu 11: trang 126

Tnh nng lng mng tinh th ion ca mui BaCl2 t cc d kin:

Nhit to thnh tiu chun ca BaCl2 tinh th: - 205,6 kcal/mol

Nng lng lin kt Cl2: + 57 kcal/mol

Nhit thng hoa Ba: + 46 kcal/mol

Nng lng ion ha th nht ca Ba: + 119,8 kcal/mol

Nng lng ion ha th hai ca Ba: + 230,0 kcal/mol

Cu 6: trang 128: chuyn phn ng oxi ha kh trang 147

1. Vit cc phn ng ha hc trong cc trng hp sau:

a, Ozon oxi ha I- trong mi trng trung tnh.

b, Sc kh CO2 qua nc Javen.

c, Cho nc clo vo dung dch KI.

d, H2O2 kh MnO4- trong mi trng axit.

e, Sc kh flo qua dung dch NaOH long lnh.Cu 9: trang 150

Th tch kh clo cn phn ng vi kim loi M bng 1,5 ln lng kh sinh ra khi cho cng lng kim loi tc dng hon ton vi axit clohiric d trong cng iu kin. Khi lng mui clo sinh ra trong phn ng vi clo gp 1,2886 ln lng sinh ra trong phn ng vi axit axit clohiric.

a, Xc nh kim loi M.

b, Phn ng gia HCl v mui M (VI) xy ra theo chiu no khi nng cc cht u trng thi chun v khi tng nng H+ ln hai ln.

Cu 11: trang 152

1. Ag kim loai c kh nng tc dng c vi dung dch HI 1N tp thnh kh H2 khng?

Cho TAgI = 8,3.10-17

E0(Ag+/Ag) = +0,799V

2. Trn 250ml dung dch AgNO3 0,01M vi 150ml dung dch HCl 0,1M. Tnh nng cc ion ti thi im cn bng TAgCl = 10-10.

Cu 2: trang 192

1. Hy cho bit s bin thin tnh axit ca dy HXO4 (X l halogen). Gii thch?

2. Mt hn hp X gm 3 mui halogen ca kim loi Natri nng 6,23g ha tan hon ton trong nc c dung dch A. Sc kh clo d vo dung dch A ri c cn hon ton dung dch sau phn ng c 3,0525g mui khan B. Ly mt na lng mui ny ha tan vo nc ri cho phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th thu c 3,22875g kt ta. Tm cng thc ca cc mui v tnh % theo khi lng mi mui trong X.

Cu 10: trang 206

Cho hn hp A gm 3 mui MgCl2, NaBr, KI. Cho 93,4 gam hn hp A tc dng vi 700 ml dung dch AgNO3 2M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch D v kt ta B. Lc kt ta B, cho 22,4 gam bt Fe vo dung dch D. Sau khi phn ng kt xong thu c cht rn F v dung dch E. Cho F vo dung dch HCl d to ra 4,48 lt H2 (kc). Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch E thu c kt ta, nung kt ta trong khng kh cho n khi lng khng i thu c 24 gam cht rn.

1. Tnh khi lng kt ta B.

2. Ha tan hn hp A trn vo nc to ra dung dch X. Dn V lt Cl2 sc vo dung dch X, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 66,2 gam cht rn. Tnh V(kc)?Cu 8 trang 204: X l mt loi mui kp ngm nc c cha kim loi kim clorua v magie clorua. xc nh cng thc ca X, ngi ta lm cc th nghim sau:

* Ly 5,55g X ha tan vo nuoc ri em dung dch thu c tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 to thnh 8,61gam kt ta.

* Nung 5,55g X n khi lng khng i th khi lng gim 38,92%. Cht rn thu c cho tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch NaOH to kt ta. Lc ly kt ta, ra sch ri nung n khi lng khng i thu c 0,8gam cht rn.

Hy xc nh cng thc ca X.

Cu 11: trang 208

Hn hp A: KClO3, Ca(ClO3)2, Ca(ClO)2, CaCl2, KCl nng 83,68 gam. Nhit phn hon ton A thu c cht rn B gm CaCl2, KCl v mt th tch oxi va oxi ha SO2 thnh SO3 iu ch 191,1 gam dung dch H2SO4 80%. Cho cht rn B tc dng vi 360 ml dung dch K2CO3 0,5M (va ) thu c kt ta C v dung dch D. Lng KCl trong dung dch D nhiu gp 22/3 ln lng KCl trong A.

1. Tnh khi lng kt ta C?

2. Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca KClO3 trong A?

Cu 12: trang 210

Cho 50g dung dch X cha 1 mui halogenua kim loi ha tr II tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th thu c 9,40g kt ta. Mt khc, dng 150g dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch Na2CO3 d th thu c 6,30g kt ta. Lc kt ta em nung n khi lng khng i, kh thot ra cho vo 80g dung dch KOH 14,50%. Sau phn ng, nng dung dch KOH gim cn 3,85%.

a, Xc nh CTPT ca mui halogen trn.

b, Tnh C% mui trong dung dch X ban u.

Cu 19: trang 224

X l mui c cng thc NaIOx.

Ha tan X vo nc thu c dung dch A. Cho kh SO2 i t t qua dung dch A thy xut hin dung dch mu nu, tip tc sc SO2 vo th mt mu nu v thu c dung dch B. Thm mt t dung dch axit HNO3 vo dung dch B v sau thm lng d dung dch AgNO3, thy xut hin kt ta mu vng.

- Thm dung dch H2SO4 long v KI vo dung dch A, thy xut hin dung dch mu nu v mu nu mt i khi thm dung dch Na2S2O3 vo.

a, Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra di dng ion thu gn.

b, xc nh chnh xc cng thc ca mui X ngi ta ha tan 0,100 gam vo nc, thm lng d KI v vi ml dung dch H2SO4 long, dung dch coa mu nu. Chun I2 sinh ra dung dch Na2S2O3 0,1M vi cht ch th h tinh bt cho ti khi mt mu, thy tn ht 37,40ml dung dch Na2S2O3. Tm cng thc ca X.

Cu 20: trang 225

1. a, Cho m gam hn hp gm NaBr v NaI phn ng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c hn hp kh A iu kin chun. iu kin thch hp, A phn ng va vi nhau to cht rn c mu vng v mt cht lng khng lm chuyn mu qu tm. Cho Na d vo phn cht lng c dung dch B. Dung dch B hp th va vi 2,24 lt CO2 iu kin tiu chun c 9,5 gam mui.

Tm m.

b, ngh mt phng php tinh ch NaCl khan c ln cc mui khan NaBr, NaI, Na2CO3.

2. a, Mt axit mnh c th y c axit yu ra khi mui, nhng mt axit yu cng c th y c axit mnh ra khi mui. Ly v d minh ha v gii thch.

b, Ti sao H2SO4 khng phi l axit mnh hn HCl v HNO3 nhng li y c nhng axit ra khi mui?

c, C mt hn hp gm 2 kh A v B:

- Nu trn cng mt th tch th t khi hi ca hn hp so vi Heli l 7,5(d1).

- Nu trn cng khi lng th t khi hi ca hn hp so vi oxi l

- Tm khi lng mol ca A v B. Bit th tch kh c o iu kin tiu chun.

Cu 32: trang 243

Nung hn hp bt Mg v S trong bnh kn ri ngui. Ly ton b cc cht sau phn ng cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl thu c sn phm kh c t khi hi so vi khng kh l 0,9. t chy hon ton 3 lt sn phm kh (kc) trn ri thu sn phm chy vo 100ml dung dch H2O2 5% (t khi bng 1).

a, Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.

b, Tnh phn trm khi lng Mg v S trong hn hp u.

c, Tnh nng % ca dung dch thu c cui cng.to

(1)

(2)

xt, to

+1,20

+1,51

+1,7

+1,23

to

Tuyn tp thi OLYMPIC 30/4 HA HC 10Gio vin : trn hu tuyn 0944478966 0393509744

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