Tc hi ca ma ty v trch nhim ca hc sinh trong phng, chng ma ty

Tc hi ca ma ty v trch nhim ca hc sinh trong phng, chng ma ty

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I: Mt s hiu bit c bn v ma ty :

1.Khi nim :

Ma ty c th c nh ngha theo nhiu cch vi nhiu ngun tin khc nhau nhng theo quan im ca Lin Hp Quc : Ma ty l nhng cht c ngun gc t nhin hoc tng hp, khi xm nhp vo c th con ngi c tc dng lm thay i thc v tr tu, lm cho con ngi l thuc vo n.

2.c im khi s dng : Lm thay i trng thi tinh thn, t duy quan st v kch thch suy ngh l nhng c im ln nht ca cc loi ma ty.3.Ngun gc v s pht trin :

Ma ty, m i din in hnh l thuc phin, xut hin t rt lu trc y. Hn 8000 nm trc y, thuc phin c ngi Somai ty s dng, ngi ta bit c nhng khoi cm v s thoi mi ht sc m thuc phin mang li khi dng.

Th k th 1,Rioskelires miu t kh k v thuc phin trong cun sch "Dc in lun" ca mnh. Tuy nhin thi k ny, ngi ta mi ch ch trng n nhng khoi cm, nhng tc dng trong cha bnh m thuc phin mang li ch cha ch ti mt tri ca n, l tc dng gy nghin kh cai.

II: Phn loi mt s ma ty c bn: Hin nay c rt nhiu cch phn loi cht ma ty. Tuy nhin, c mt s cch phn loi c bn nh sau :a) Phn loi da theo ngun gc sn xut ra cht ma ty :

- Cht ma ty c ngun gc t nhin : l cht ma ty c sn trong t nhin, l nhng ancaloit ca mt s loi thc vt nh cy thuc phin, cy coca, cy cn sa,in hnh cho cht ma ty thuc nhm ny l: nha thuc phin, tho mc cn sa, tinh du cn sa, Mt s hnh nh v cht ma ty c ngun gc t nhin ;

Nha thuc phin

Tinh du cn sa

- Cht ma ty bn tng hp : l cht ma ty m mt phn nguyn liu dung sn xut ra chng c ly t t nhin. T nhng nghuyn liu ny, ngi ta cho phn ng vi cc cht ha hc tng hp ra cht ma ty mi. Nhng chat ma ty mi ny c gi l cht ma ty bn tng hp, c c tnh cao hn, c tc dng tm l mnh m hn so vi cht ma ty ban u.

Bnh heroin

- Cht ma ty tng hp : l cc cht ma ty m nguyn liu dung iu ch v cc sn phm u c tng hp trong phng th nhim nh Amphetamine, Metamphetamine,

b) Phn loi da theo c im cu trc ha hc ca cht ma ty :

y l s phn loi da theo c im cu trc ha hc ca cht ma ty. Cch phn loi ny t c s dng trong i sng x hi, nhng li c cc nh khoa hc rt quan tm, nghin cu chuyn ha t cht ny thnh cht khc v c bit l tm ra cc phng php gim nh chng hoc nghin cu cc loi thuc cai nghin. V d : heroine, morphine, codeine,

c) Phn loi da theo mc d gy nghin v kh nng lm dng:

Theo phng php phn loi ny, ngi ta chia cht ma ty ra lm hai nhm c bn:

- Nhm cht ma ty c hiu lc cao : l nhng cht ma ty c c tnh cao, hot tnh sinh hc mnh, gy nhiu nguy him cho ngi s dng nh heroine, cocaine, ecstasy,

- Nhm cht ma ty c hiu lc thp : l nhng cht ma ty c c tnh thp hn, mc hot tnh sinh hc ca chng cng thp, thng l nhng cht an thn nh; diazepam, clordiazepam,

d) Phn loi cht ma ty da vo tc dng ca n i vi tm sinh l ngi s dng:

Theo cc phn loi ny, cht ma ty c chia ra cc nhm sau :

- Nhm cht ma ty an thn ( thuc phin, morphine, heroine ) - Nhm cht ma ty gy kch thch ( cocaine, amphetamine ) - Nhm cht ma ty gy o gic ( cn sa, lysergide )

III: Tc hi ca t nn ma ty :

1: Tc hi ca ma ty i vi ngi s dng :

a) Gy tn hi v sc khe :

i vih h hp: Cc cht ma ty kch thch h hp gy tng tn s th trong thi gian ngn, sau s gyc chh hp, nht l khi dng qu liu. Nhiu trng hp ngng th nu khng cp cu kp thi s dn n t vong, i khi ngng th rt t ngt.

Chng hn mt thanh nin ang cai nghin t ngt ngng th t vong khng r nguyn nhn, khi gii phu t thi th pht hin nn nhn c bao heroin bi mt mng mng ri cy di da thuc phng thch t t, nhng bao thuc t nhin v v phng thch qu nhiu gy ng c.

Ngoi ra, sau khi dng ma ty (nht lcocaine) c th gy phphicp, trn kh mng phi, trn kh trung tht, xut huyt ph nang, vim tiu ph qun tc nghn, vim phi, ln cn hen ph qun...

Theo thng tin trn tp chMedical Progressthng 1 nm 1999, nhiu cng trnh nghin cu ca cc tc gi M cho thy c mi lin quan gia ht ma ty (nht l cocaine) vung th phi.

i vih tim mch: Cc cht ma ty s kch thch lm tng nhp tim, nh hng trc tip ln tim, gy co tht mch vnh c th to nn cn au tht ngc, nng hn c th gy nhi mu c tim. Chng cng l nguyn nhn ca cc ri lon nhp e da tnh mng ngi dng ma ty. Ngoi ra cn gy nn tnh trng co mch lm tng huyt p.

i vih thn kinh: Ngoi tc dng kch thch thn kinh giai on u gy hng phn, sng khoi, l thuc thuc, cng c th gy cc tai bin nh: co git, xut huyt di nhn, t qu...

i vih sinh dc: Khng nh ngi ta thng lm tng rng dng ma ty s lm tng kh nng tnh dc. ngi nghin ma ty, kh nng tnh dc b suy gim mt cch r rt, v hu qu ny vn tn ti sau khi ngng dng thuc mt thi gian kh lu. nhng nam gii dng ma ty trong thi gian di s b chng v to (gynecomastia) vbt lc. Cn ph n s b ri lon chu k kinh nguyt, rong kinh, tng tit sa bt thng vv sinh.

Ngoi ra, ngi dng ma ty cn phi chu nhng tc hi khc nh: hoi t t bogan, o thnh, o th...b) Gy tn hi v kinh t, tnh cm, hnh phc gia nh:

- Lm tiu hao tin bc ca bn thn v gia nh. Nhu cu cn tin mua ma tu ca ngi nghin l rt ln, mi ngy t nht t 50.000-100.000, thm ch 1.000.000 - 2.000.000/ ngy, v vy khi ln cn nghin ngi nghin ma tu c th tiu tn ht tin ca, ti sn, c ca gia nh vo vic mua ma tu tho mn cn nghin ca mnh, hoc c tin s dng ma tu, nhiu ngi trm cp, hnh ngh mi dm, hoc thm ch git ngi, cp ca.

- Sc kho cc thnh vin khc trong gia nh gim st (lo lng, mc cm, n khng ngon, ng khng yn...v trong gia nh c ngi nghin)

- Gy tn tht v tnh cm (tht vng, bun kh, hnh phc gia nh tan v, ly thn, ly hn, con ci khng ai chm sc...)

- Gia nh tn thi gian, chi ph chm sc v iu tr cc bnh ca ngi nghin do ma tu gy ra.c) Gy tn hi v bn thn :

- Ma tu lm hu hoi sc kho, lm mt kh nng lao ng, hc tp, lm cho thn kinh ngi nghin b tn hi. Dng ma tu qu liu c th dn n ci cht.

- Gy nghin mnh, sc kho gim st. Tim chch ma tu dng chung bm kim tim khng tit trng dn n ly nhim vim gan vi rut B, C, c bit l HIV (dn n ci cht). Tim chch ma tu l mt trong nhng con ng ly nhim HIV ph bin nht ti Vit Nam. Ngi nghin ma tu c th mang vi rut HIV v ly truyn cho v/bn tnh ca con ci h.

- Thoi ho nhn cch, ri lon hnh vi, li sng bung th, d vi phm php lut.

- Mu thun v bt ho vi bn b, thy c gio v gia nh.

- Mt lng tin vi mi ngi, d b ngi khc li dng, hc tp gim st hoc b hc, nh hng n tng lai tin , nu c vic lm th d b mt vic lm.

- Ma tu cn gy tc hi lu di cho con ci, ni ging: cc cht ma tu nh hng n h thng hoocmon sinh sn, lm gim kh nng sinh hot tnh dc, nh hng n qu trnh phn bo hnh thnh cc giao t, to c hi cho cc gien c c iu kin hot ho, dn ti suy yu ni ging.2.Tc hi ca ma ty i vi nn kinh t :

- Vic duy tr cc dch v c lin quan n ma ty va tn km v tin ca, va tiu ph ngun nhn lc qu gi cn thit cho cc nhu cu v cc mi quan tm khc ca x hi. Hng nm, nc ta phi chi ph rt ln cho vic xa b cy thuc phin, cho cng tsc cai nghin ma ty, cng tc phng, chng v kim sot ma ty.

- Lm gim lc lng lao ng ca gia nh x hi hi c v s lng v cht lng; lm cho thu nhp quc dn cng gim, chi ph cho d phng v chm sc y t tng.

- Ngi nghin ma ty hu ht trong tui lao ng, v vy vn o to cn b, cng nhn c tay ngh thay th h l mt vn kh khn. - u t nc ngoi cng gim v h ngi u t vo nhng c t l ngi nghin cao.

3. Tc hi ca t nn ma ty i vi trt t, an ton x hi :

- Gy mt trt t an ton x hi, gia tng cc t nn x hi: La o, trm cp, git ngi, mi dm, bng nhm...

- nh hng n o c, thun phong m tc lu i ca dn tc. Lm gim st sc lao ng sn xut trong x hi. Tng chi ph ngn sch x hi cho cc hot ng ngn nga, khc phc, gii quyt cc hu qu do ma tu em li. Ma tu cn l ngun gc, l iu kin ny sinh, lan truyn i dch HIV/AIDS (mt him ho ton cu cha c thuc cha...Hin nay nc ta c trn 130.000 ngi nhim HIV/AIDS th c 75% l do tim chch ma tu

- nh hng n ging ni, hu dit ging ni: do cc cht ma tu nh hng n h thng hoocmon sinh sn, lm gim kh nng sinh hot tnh dc, nh hng n qu trnh phn bo hnh thnh cc giao t, to c hi cho cc gien c c iu kin hot ho, dn ti suy yu ni ging.

IV: Nguyn nhn dn n nghin ma ty v du hiu nhn bit hc sinh nghin ma ty :1. Qu trnh v nguyn nhn s dng t nc :

a) Qu trnh nghin ma ty : T s dng ma ty ln u tin n tr thnh ngi nghin ma ty l mt qu trnh. Qu trnh ny c th din ra theo trnh t sau : S dng ln u tin -> Thnh thong s dng -> S dng thng xuyn -> S dng do phu thuc. Cng c nhng trng hp, s dng ln u tin sau tin ti vic s dng thng xuyn lun v cui cng l s dng do ph thuc. Qu trnh ny din ra nhanh hay chm cn ph thuc vo thi ca ngi s dng ma ty, mc gy nghin ca cc cht ma ty v cch s dng ma ty.b) Nguyn nhn dn n nghin ma ty : * Nguyn nhn khch quan : - Do nh hng ca mt tri c ch th trng dn n nhng tc ng i vi li sng ca gii tr nh : li sng thc dng, bung th Mt s hc sinh khng lm ch c bn thn sa vo t nn x hi, trong c t nn ma ty.

- S tc ng ca li sng thc dng, vn ha phm c hi dn n mt s hc sinh c li sng chi bi trsc tang, tham gia vo cc t nn x hi.

- S phi hp gia gia nh, nh trng, x hi trong qun l hc sinh mt s a phng cha thc s c hiu qu.

- Do mt b phn cc bc cha m thiu quan tm n vic hc tp, sinh hot ca con, em mnh. Cha m v nhng ngi ln tui do mi lm n, lo kim tin hoc do nung chiu con ci qu mc hoc trong gia nh c ngi ln tui cng mc nghin, hoc c hnh vi bun bn ma ty * Nguyn nhn ch quan : - Do thiu hiu bit v tc hi ca ma ty, nn nhiu hc sinh b nhng i tng xu kch ng, li ko s dng ma ty, tham gai vn chuyn, mua bn ma ty.

- Doi mun tha mn tnh t m ca tui tr, thch th hin mnh, nhiu em ch ng n vi ma ty.

2.Du hiu nhn bit hc sinh nghin ma ty :Sau y l mt vi nhng du hiu thng gp cc ngi nghin ma ty:

1. Thay i bt thng gi gic sinh hot: thc khuya, m t ng, dy mun, ngy ng nhiu.

2. Hay t tp, i li vi nhng ngi khng c cng n vic lm, khng lao ng, khng hc hnh, hay chi thn vi ngi nghin ma ty.

3. i li c quy lut, mi ngy c n mt gi nht nh no d c ang bn vic g cng tm cch kim c "i".

4. Thch mt mnh, t hoc ngi tip xc vi mi ngi (k c ngi thn trong gia nh).

5. Tm trng thng lo lng, bn chn, i khi ni nhiu, ni di, hay c biu hin chng i, cu gt.

6. Hay ngp vt, ngi l , mt mi, li lao ng, khng chm lo v sinh c nhn, nu l hc sinh th thng i mun, trn hc, lc hc gim st, ngi hc trong lp hay ng g ng gt.

7. Nhu cu tiu tin ngy mt nhiu, s dng tin khng c l do chnh ng, thng xuyn xin tin ngi thn, hay bn c c nhn v ca gia nh, n nn nhiu, n cp vt.

8. Ti qun, o, cp sch, phng thng c nhiu th nh: giy bc, thuc l, ko cao su, bt la ga, bm xi lanh, kim tim, ng thuc, thuc phin, gi nh hrin.

9. C du kim tim trn mch mu mu bn tay, c tay, mt trn khy tay, mt trong mt c chn, bn, c.

10. i vi ngi nghin nng, ngoi cc du hiu trn cn biu hin: sc khe gim st r rt; thng xuyn ngp vt; mt l , da ti, mi thm, c th hi hm, t tm git, n mc lum thum.V: Trch nhim ca hc sinh trong phng, chng ma ty : gp phn thc hin tt nhim v phng, chng ma ty, hc sinh cn thc hin nhng ni dung sau y :

Khng tham gia s dng, vn chuyn, mua bn, tng tr tri php cht ma ty.

Khng xi gic ngi khc tham gia vo t nn ma ty v cc t nn x hi khc.

Khi pht hin nhng c nhn, t chc c lin quan n ma ty cn bo ngay cho C Quan Cng An ni gn nht kp thi x l.

Quan tm, ng vin, chia s, gip nhng ngi cai nghin ti ha nhp cng ng. Khng k th, xa lnh ngi cai nghin.

Tch cc hc tp nng cao trnh v mi mt ng ph kp thi vi nhng tnh hung c th xy ra. Tm hiu v tc hi ca ma ty thng qua cc phng tin thng tin i chng, sch bo, cng ng c nhn thc ng n v tc hi ca ma ty. T , trong tng trng hp c th c th tuyn truyn, vn ng cho mi ngi cng phng trnh ma ty.

Mt s hot ng tham gia trong vic phng chng ma ty :

Nhng biu ng bng rn v vic ni khng vi ma ty

Ri n nhng bui ra qun tuyn truyn

V nhng bui vn ngh hng ng vic phng chng ma ty

HT