Ego StatesOld, From outside.

Parent

Adult

Here & now

Old, from inside

Child

, , SuperegoP A C

Ego

Id

Ego states different from Superego, Ego, Id.SuperegoP A C

Ego

Id

Definition of Child ego state.

C

Child ego state is a set of feeling, and behavior patterns which are relics of the individuals own childhood

C

&

Definition of a Parent ego stateP

are a and the

The Parent ego state set of feelings, attitudes behaviors that resembles of the parent figures.

P

,

Definition of Adult ego state

A

An Adult ego state is an autonomous set of feelings, attitudes and behaviors which are adapted to current reality

A

,

The functional ego state.

CP

NP

A

FC

AC

CP

NP

A

FC

AC

Behavioral analysisThe Child Ego state a) Free Child is seen in behavior like curious, spontaneous, impulsive, uncensored, self-centered, affectionate, creative, FC AC sexy and playful and may become fearful and aggressive.

5. 6. 7.

b) Adapted Child. The Complaint Child show itself in adaptiveness and conformity to others. Rebellious Child is defined by behaviors organized around resistance to doing what someone else wants or do not wants to do, think or feel. Rebelliousness is also seen in manipulations and short temper. The withdrawn/detached Child neither submits or rebel, but withdraw from both the Critical Child as well as the Nurturing Child

FC AC

a) (Free Child) , , , , , , , , , b) (Adapted Child) 6. (The Complaint Child) 7. (The Rebellious Child) ( ) ( ) 8. (The withdrawn/detached Child)

Behavioral Analysis,Parent ego state a) controlling Parent Positive controlling Parent is descried by behavior like assertive, determined, forceful and outspoken CP Negative Controlling Parent have behavior like bossy, prejudiced, demanding suspicious b) Nurturing Parent Positive nurturing Parent is described by behavior like dependable, helpful, praising and understanding. Negative nurturing Parent has behavior like softhearted, obliging, self-denying and unrealistic

NP

a) (controlling Parent) , , , , , b) (Nurturing Parent) , , , , , ,

CP

NP

Adult ego stateSome characteristics of theA

efficient,

Adult Ego state are logical, reflective, estimate possibilities, like to get solve problems, are

facts,

A

Structural analysisFirst Order analysis, also written P2, A2, P2 C2A2

C2

(First order analysis) P2, A2, C2 P2 A2

C2

Structural analysisSecond order analysis of Parent ego state. FPMP MA MC FA P2 FC

MP Mothers Parent ego state, MA mothers Adult ego state, MC mothers Child ego state

FP Fathers Parent ego state, FA Fathers Adult ego state, FC Fathers Child ego state

(Second order analysis)MP Mothers Parent ego state MA mothers Adult ego state MC mothers Child ego stateMP MA MC FP FA P2 FC

FP Fathers Parent ego state FA Fathers Adult ego state FC Fathers Child ego state

Structural analysis.Second order structure analysis of Child ego P1 state.C2 A1

C1 P1 The early Parent ego state in the Child ego state A1 The early Adult ego state in the Child ego state C1 The early Child ego state in the Child ego state

(Second order analysis)P1 C2 A1

C1 P1 The early Parent ego state in the Child ego state A1 The early Adult ego state in the Child ego state C1 The early Child ego state in the Child ego state

How to diagnose ego state.1. Behavioral diagnose. 2. Social diagnose 3. Historical diagnose 4. Phenomenological diagnoseWhen all four show the same ego state are we sure that is the ego state present.

1. (Behavioral diagnose) 2. (Social diagnose) 3. (Historical diagnose) 4. (Phenomenologicaldiagnose)

Ego gram90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 NP CP A FC AC

(Ego gram)90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 NP CP A FC AC

Egograms and the Constancy HypotesisThe sum of the energy in the ego states are constant. The amount energy in the ego states may vary but the sum of it will be constant.

Ego state PathologyIn the internal dialogue is the Adult ego state not included into the discussion

P

A

C

Ego state PathologyIn the internal dialogue is the Adult ego state not included into the discussionP

A

C

OK dialogue.In the OK dialogue also called Conferences, is the Adult ego state not included into the discussionP

A

C

OK (OK dialogue) OK ( ) In the OK dialogue also called Conferences, is the Adult ego state not included into the discussionP

A

C

Ego state pathology, cont.Definition of Contamination : Contamination occurs when content from one ego state (child or Parent) intrude into Adult ego state and Adult ego state accept it as reality

( ) Ego state pathology, cont. (Contamination) ( )

Contamination.

P A

P

P A C

A C C

Double contaminationSingle contamination Single contamination

(Contamination)

P A

P

P A C

A C C

Single contamination contamination

Single contamination

Double

Ego state pathology, cont.Different ego states are excluded.P

A

A

C

C

(Exclusion) / P

A

A

C

C

TransactionsTA talk about 3 different transactions. They are:

Complementary transactions Crossed transactions Ulterior transactions

(Transactions) (TA)

(Complementary

transactions) (Crossed transactions) (Ulterior transactions)

What is a complementary transaction?When the vectors are parallel and there are only two ego states involved and the answer come from the ego state addressed.P P

A

A

C

C

A

B

P P

A

A

C

C

A

B

Example of complementary transaction.Person A: What is the time?Adult ego state Adult ego state

Person B: It is three o'clockAdult ego state

Adult ego state

A: What is the time? Adult ego state Adult ego state

B: It is three o'clock Adult ego state Adult ego state

The rule of parallel transactions.When the transactions are parallel the conversation might go on and on.

Crossed transactionWhen the vectors are not parallel and there are more then two ego state involved, then the transactions are crossed.P P

A

A

C A

C B

P P

A

A

C A

C B

Example of crossed transaction.Person A Adult ego state What is the time? person B Adult ego state

B A Parent ego state Child ego state Go and bay yourself a watch

A (A) What is the time? B (P) A (C) B (A)

Go and bay yourself a watch

The rule of crossed transactions. When the transaction is crossed, theconversation will stop and something new might accur.

Ulterior transactions.A ulterior transaction occur when there are a overt and a hidden, ulterior message

Ulterior transactions.Drawn like this:P p

A

A

CA

C

B

Drawn like this:P p

A

A

CA

C

B

Example:Person A Person B C C I dont want to do it, said angrily C P I dont know how to do it will you help me told nonverbally with begging eyes. Peron B Adult Person A Adult Here is how to do it and explane it

Person A Person B C C ( ) C P ( / ) Peron B Person A A A

The rule: In ulterior transactions it is theulterior messages that is the stronges one and that will be answered.

( )

Discounting Discounting is ignoring someimportant aspect of self, others or the satiation. Discounting is a mechanism that goes in the brain and can only be observed in the persons transactions, attitude, the body language or in the passive behavior

(Discounting)

Passive behavior1. Doing nothing 2. Over adaptation 3. Agitation 4. Violence or incapasitation

(Passive behavior)

1. (Doing nothing) 2. (Over adaptation) 3. (Agitation) 4. (Violence orincapacitation)

Area of discounting.1. Self 2. Others 3. problems

(area)

(Self ) (Others) (problems)

TYPES OF DISCOUNTING Stimuli Problem opsions

(Type)1. (Stimuli) 2. (Problem) 3. (Options)

THE FOUR LEVELS OF DISCOUNTING1. The existence, ex: of the stimuli 2. The importance, ex: of the stimuli 3. The change possibility, ex: of the

stimuli 4. The personal ability, ex: to change the stimuli.

1. (The existence) ex: 2. (The importance) ex: 3. (The change possibility) ex: 4. (The personal ability) ex:

Psychological Games Psychological games are a series ofulterior transactions made out of the awareness but leading to well define outcome. This outcome is a uncomfortable feeling a racket feeling. A psychological games start with a discount and end up with a discount.

(Psychological Games)

- (a racket feeling)

Different ways to explain what goes on in psychological gamesSymbiotic relationshipP P

A

A

C

C

Mother

Child

(Symbiotic relationship)P P

A

A

C

C

Mother

Child

Using the transactional diagram.AP P

B

A

A

C

C

(transactional diagram)AP P

B

A

A

C

C

An example.A: I dont know how to do it my husband has a out of married relationship C P (1) Ulterior messages. What ever to tell me it cant be used P C B. Could you go out together to have something good to eat P C (2) Ulterior messages: I am not good in helping people C P A: Yes, I could but he would not like it (3) B: Then if you two took a holiday trip to Sun-moon-lake (4) A: Yes, but he doesnt like to go way from home (5) B: The invite some friends for a evening (6) A: It would be ok, but he doesnt like to have friends at home. Are you married? A A (7) Ulterior: You dont know how to help me P C (8) B: No A A (9) Ulterior message: I am no good in helping people C P (10) A: Then I can understand why you cant help me. Are there others that can help me P C (11)

A: C P (1) < > P C B. P C (2) < > C P A: (3) B: (4) A: (5) B: (6) A: A < > P C (8) B: A A (9) < > C P (10) A: P (11)

A (7)

C

Karpmans triangle

Persecutor

Rescuer

Victim

Karpmans trianglePersecutor

Rescuer

Victim

Bernes Formula G.Con Gimmick response switch cross up pay off

Bernes Formula G. + =

Con + Gimmick = response -> switch -> cross up -> pay off

How to deal with games between the client and the worker. Bernes Formula G. response Con Gimmickcross up pay off switch

4. The place to stop the game is to ignore 5.

the invitation (con) the player is giving you or not to give the client an invitation Be sure that you dont discount self, others or the situation as part of your gimmick

(Bernes Formula G.) Con + Gimmick = responseswitch cross up pay off

4.

( ) ( ) 5.

Different ways of dealing with Games1. Ignore the invitation 2. Play the game 3. Confront the Game 4. Change the game to an lighterGame

1. / (Ignore theinvitation) 2. (Play the game) 3. (Confront the Game) 4. (Change the game to an lighter Game)

Different degrees of Games1. 1st. Degree Game is a game that isaccepted in the culture the player live 2. 2de. Degree Game is a game that the player dont want others to know that he play. 3. 3rd. Degree game is a serious Game that end up in the Hospital or Graveyard.

1. - 2. - 3. -

Classification of Games.The games is classified often position in the triangle. Ex. Victim games, Poor me Rescuer games, Im only trying to Persecutor games, See what you

help

made me

2. Victim games ex. (Poor me) 3. Rescuer games ex. (Im only trying to help) 4. Persecutor games ex. (See what you made me do)

Stroke in TA. Definition Eric Berne defines stroke as a veryexpression that contains recognition or acceptance of the persons value or existence. Strokes are biological necessity. The reason is that our development from birth to adult age is in constant need of stimulation.

(Stroke)

Eric Berne calls this for stimuli-

hunger. He goes on to say that stimuli-hunger requires constant stimulation. They operate nonconsciously. The hungers are the motivations determining physiological, affective, cognitive, and behavioural responses. Stainer (1979) emphasized the deprivation and manipulation of strokes as a method of social control that produced individuals

(stimuli-

hunger) Stainer (1979)

TA talks about two kind of strokes positive and negative

TA &

What is positive stroke and how is they expressed?Unconditional Strokes.attitude, words and gestures Conditional Strokes. Ex. I like what you do. Expressed by attitude, verbal and nonverbal communication.

Ex. You are lovely. Expressed by

(UnconditionalStrokes) Ex.

(Conditional

Strokes) Ex.

What is negative stroke and how are they expressed?Ex. You are bad Expressedverbally and nonverbally. Conditional Strokes. Ex. What you do is bad. Expressed verbally and nonverbally.

Unconditional Strokes.

(Unconditional (ConditionalStrokes) Ex. Strokes) Ex.

No stroke at all.If a child doesnt get positive strokes they will go for negative strokes. Both types of strokes give stimulation. We cant live without strokes (recognitions)

( )

Stroke Pattern.The unique pattern of strokes, given and received, sought for and rejected, positive and negative, is estblished early in life, and the powerfully influences our subsequent experience. Inportant elements in the individuals stroke pattern are:

Con.- The strokes the child gained for doing at the expense of being; - The power and preponderance of negative strokes for eing and doing, and the childs response to them; - Significant sources of strokes that may have gone against the family trend.

Con.- - -

Different believes about StrokesDon ask for the strokes you want Dont reject the strokes you dontneed or like Dont give yourself positive stroke1974)

Dont give positive strokes Dont accept positive strokes

(Steiner

1974) (Steiner

RacketRacket is a feeling that was accepted in the childhood and that is used to cover over a feeling that was not accepted in the childhood. Rackets are defined as feelings used to manipulate or exploit others. Berne(1966) Steiner (1974)

Rackets are feelings experienced as pay-offs in games, and also the reason for playing them. Berne (1966), Steiner(1974)

(Racket Analysis) (feeling) (believes) rocketry system

Racket Analysis.Racket is not only feeling that are rackets, believes can also be racket believes as we see in the racket system. Erskine & Zalcman(1979)

1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3.

Racketsystem

SCRIPT BELIEFS / FEELING

RACKETY DISPLAYS

REINFORCING MEMORIES

Beliefs About: 1. self 2. Others. 3. Quality of Life Feelings Repressed at Time of Script Decision

1. Observable Behaviors 2. Internal sensations

Emotional Memories

3. Fantasies and dreams

Some definitions of script.Berne has many sayings about script ex. A script is an ongoing life plan formed in the early childhood under parental pressure (WDYH, 1979 p. 32). Each person decides in early childhood how he will live and how he will die, and that plan, which he carries in his head wherever he goes,

(script) (WDYH, 1979 p. 32) (WDYH,p.31)

Con. A script is a life plan based on

decisions made in the childhoods, reinforced by parents, justified be subsequent events, and culminated in a chosen alternative WDYH 1979, p. 418) An extensive unconscious life plan ( TAin Psychotherapy, 1961, p. 23)

(WDYH 1979, p. 418) ( TA inPsychotherapy, 1961, p. 23)

What influences the formation of a persons script.Things like this: - The story surrounding the birth - The significance of the babys name - Any illness or emotional disturbances in the family at the time - Economic hardship or comfort - Any separation among family members - Wanted or unwanted pregnancy - The health of the mother - Feeding difficulties both in utero and after birth

- - - - - - - -

Script matrix FatherMother P P

A

P

A

C

A

C

C Child

(Script matrix) FatherMother P P

A

P

A

C

A

C

C Child

Messages which originate from mother and fathers Child

Messages that forms the matrix.

ego state to the child's Child ego state can be two kinds injunctions or permissions, attributions.

Messages that originate from mother or fathers Parent

ego state are called Counter injunctions. Five of these are called Drivers .

Messages from mothers and fathers Adult ego state tothe childs Adult ego state is called Program a How to program.

(injunctions) (permissions)/ (attributions) (Counter injunctions) (Drivers) (program)

Script matrix FatherMother PDri v ersCo r unte i s tion c njun

P

A

Pro g How ram to Inju

P

A

Cnctio ns

Ans issio rm

C

C Child

Pe

ns utio b Attri

FatherMother P

P

A

P

A

A C

C

C Child

How Script messages are transmitted FatherMother PDri v ersCo r unte i s tion c njunlly

P

AGiv

Pro g How ram to Inju

P

a verb en Giv

A

C

en n onctio

n-ve r

Aball ynn Give

m

ng deli o

ns

bally -ver on

rba & ve

lly

C

C Child

Pe

ns issio rm

ns utio b Attri

FatherMother P

P

AInju

P

A

C

nctio

A

ns

C Child

&

C

Childhood decisions. The young childs life plan is notdetermined solely by external forces, by parent or by the environment. Instead the child decides on the life as a response to these external pressures.

Childhood decisions, cont.1.Decision made by the child. The infant decide upon a life script, as a best strategy for surviving and getting needs met in a world that often seems hostile The child sees his/her parents as; a. Having the power (to satisfy/not satisfy his/her needs) b. Defining reality (what his/her parents say must be the true). The young child decides on the life script as a life script as a response to external pressure. These decisions are not made consciously but non-verbal, in the form of emotional responses (may be reflected in the bodys held physical tension).

()

1. b. ( ) c. ( )

The child ego state is active in deciding the injunctions.Father & mother P1 child P1 A1

A1 C1

C1

vs. Father & motherP1

childP1 A1

A1 C1

C1

Injunctions. Elements of early decision-Permission andInjunctions, both of which are mainly given non-verbally. Bob and Mary Goulding found that 12 themes emerged again and again as the basis for peoples negative early decisions These twelve injunctions are: Dont be (dont exist) Dont be you Dont be a child

(Injunctions) - Bob and Mary Goulding 12 Dont be (dont exist) Dont be you Dont be a child

Injunctions,

cont.

Dont grow up Dont make it Dont (dont do anything) Dont be important Dont belong Dont be close Dont be well (dont be sane) Dont think Dont feel

(Injunctions)

()

Dont grow up Dont make it ( ) Dont (dont do anything) Dont be important Dont belong Dont be close Dont be well (dont be sane) Dont think Dont feel

Counter injunction.These Parent-to-parent messages were originally called counter injunctions because they were thought to run counter to the injunctions. ex. You are my prince- princess

(Counter injunction) ex. You are my prince- princess

Drivers.Drivers are messages that are given verbally and/or nonverbally from one or both of the parents. They sounds positive, but since there are added a condition to the message that say I like you as long as.

(Drivers)

The driver messages are:1. Be perfect 2. Be strong 3. Hurry up 4. Please others 5. Try hard

1. (Be perfect) 2. (Be strong) 3. (Hurry up) 4. (Please others) 5. (Try hard)

Drivers and permission not to follow them.Be perfect It is OK to do it well, not perfect Be strong it is OK to show feelings Please others/me it is OK to own needs Try hard it is OK to finish it Hurry up- it is OK to take your time

1. - 2. - 3. - 4. - 5. -

The child ego state is active in deciding the early decision.Father & mother P1 child P1 A1

A1 C1

C1

vs. Father & motherP1

childP1

A1

A1 C1

C1

The early decision.

Life positions The four life positions (existential)Fundamental stances a person takes up bout the essential values he/she perceives in him/herself and others. This means more than simply have an opinion about his/her own and other peoples behavior. Once the child has adopted one of these positions, he/she is likely to construct all the rest of his/her script to fill in with it. Berne wrote: every game, Script, and destiny is based on one of these four positions.

Life positions

The OK coral.I am not-OK You are OK

I am OK You are OK

I am OK- You are not-OK

I am OK- You are not-OK

The OK coral.I am not-OK You are OK

I am OK You are OK

I am OK- You are not-OK

I am OK- You are not-OK

Daily life and life positions. Each one of us arrives in theadulthood having a script based on one of these life positions. But we do not stay in that position every hour of the day. Minute by minute we shift between positions. But we still have an position that we spend more time in, we call that our basis life position.

Daily life and life positions.

The Games are also part of the scriptThe games are learned in the family,

The Games are also part of the scriptThe games are learned in the family,

Not-OK Mini script Not-OK Mini script The driver

Vengeful Child

The Final Mini script Payoff(Injunction)

The Stopper

Not-OK Mini script Not-OK Mini script The driver

Vengeful Child

The Final Mini script Payoff(Injunction)

The Stopper

The OK Mini scriptThe OK Mini script The

Allower Affirming Free Child

The Wower The Goer

The OK Mini scriptThe OK Mini script The

Allower Affirming Free Child

The Wower The Goer

How is script lived out in daily life.Racketsystem

SCRIPT BELIEFS / FEELING

RACKETY DISPLAYS

REINFORCING MEMORIES

Beliefs About: 1. self 2. Others. 3. Quality of Life Feelings Repressed at Time of Script Decision

1. Observable Behaviors 2. Internal sensations

Emotional Memories

3. Fantasies and dreams

How is script lived out in daily life.Racketsystem

SCRIPT BELIEFS / FEELING

RACKETY DISPLAYS

REINFORCING MEMORIES

Beliefs About: 1. self 2. Others. 3. Quality of Life Feelings Repressed at Time of Script Decision

1. Observable Behaviors 2. Internal sensations

Emotional Memories

3. Fantasies and dreams

The self-Perpetuating StrategiesAs we live our lives, we spend time maintaining the decisions and positions we have taken, and reinforces or frame of references. We use a whole collecting of operations to do this. These are our selfperpetuating strategies, and, this includes: - games - habitual ways of transacting - time structing

The self-Perpetuating StrategiesAs we live our lives, we spend time maintaining the decisions and positions we have taken, and reinforces or frame of references. We use a whole collecting of operations to do this. These are our selfperpetuating strategies, and, this includes: - games - habitual ways of transacting

Cont.- discounting - passive behaviors - thinking disorders - stroke patterns - drivers - selective remembering - selective perception

TA philosophy- Children are born OK - People can change - People knew what they need to do to solve their problem.