Szogine Tothne Erettsegi Angol 2

Éretísátjj és ¿ayalwizsga íeJadalg^űJteméiiy angol nyelvből II. kötet

n Szerzők: SZÖGINÉ CSISZÁR ILONA, TÓTHNÉ SCHULTZ HEDVIG

«a Lektor: ENGI KATALIN

• Anyanyelvi lektor: DR. JEREMY PARROTT

Kiadói kód: MX-282 Kerettanterv: 28/2000. (IX. 21.) OM rend. Szerkesztő: Völgyesiné Nemcsók Adrienn Tömeg: 292 g Terjedelem: 188 oldal (16,80 ív)

Kiadja: Maxim Könyvkiadó Kft., 6726 Szeged, Fürj u. 92/B E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: (62) 548-444, Fax: (62) 548-443 Felelős kiadó: Puskás Norbert Műszaki szerkesztő: Szuperák Attila Készült a Generál Nyomda Kft.-ben.

Minden jog fenntartva, beleértve a sokszorosítást, a mű bővített, illetve rövidített változata kiadásának jogát is. A kiadó írásbeli engedélye nélkül sem a teljes mű, sem annak része semmilyen formában nem sokszorosítható.

ISBN 978 963 261 082 5

© Copyright Maxim Kiadó, Szeged

mailto:[email protected]

E L Ő S Z Ó

Kedves Nyelvtanárok! Kedves Nyelvtanulók!

Egy közép- és emelt szintű érettségire, illetve alap- és középfokú nyelvvizsgára való felkészülést segítő gyakorlókönyvet tartanak a kezükben. A nyelvhelyesség és a hallott szöveg értésének fejlesztését tűztük ki célul.

A könyv felépítése is a vizsgára való felkészülést segíti, akár tanórán, akár egyéni tanulás keretében. A két fejezet feladatai egyre nehezednek. A feladatok nehézsége a szintek jelzésével követhető, az A2, B1 szint a középszintű érettséginek, valamint az alapfokú nyelvvizsgának, a B2 szint pedig az emelt szintű érettséginek, illetve a közép-fokú nyelvvizsgának megfelelő nehézségi fok. A feladatok összeállításakor igyekeztünk minden lehetséges feladattípust bemutatni.

A szövegek eredeti forrásokból származnak, és témáikban, ezzel együtt szókincsük-ben is kapcsolódnak a vizsgák témaköreihez.

A feladatok fejlécei alapján nyomon követhető az egyes szövegek szintje, feladat-típusa és az ahhoz kapcsolódó témakör, így a gyakorlás során a szövegek nemcsak a fen-ti két készség begyakorlásához, hanem a szóbelire való készüléshez is használhatóak.

A könyv végén olvasható a hanganyagok szövegátirata, valamint a feladatok meg-oldása. A 2 CD-mellékleten megtalálhatóak a szövegek, melyekhez a Hallott szöveg értése fejezet feladatai kapcsolódnak. A feladatok instrukcióit a kiadó www.olvas.hu weboldaláról tölthetik le.

Az egyes készségekhez tartozó feladatok előtt a vizsgára való felkészülést segítő ja-vaslatokat, tanácsokat is megfogalmaztunk.

A2 B1 B2

Nyelvhelyesség (Use of English)

8 16 20

Hallott szöveg értése (Listening)

8 36 20

Jó munkát, sikeres vizsgát kívánnak a Szerzők és a Kiadó

http://www.olvas.hu

M Ó D S Z E R T A N I BEVEZETŐ

NYELVHELYESSÉG

Általános tanácsok

A nyelvhelyesség vizsgarészben az alapvető nyelvtani szerkezetek, igeidők, helyesírás tudását mérik. # Mindig először az utasítást olvassa el nagyon figyelmesen! • Minden feladat megoldása után olvassa át újra a válaszait! * Ebben a vizsgarészben csak tökéletes válasz fogadható el, ezért nagyon figyeljen a he-

lyesírásra is! • Kezdetben arra törekedjen, hogy begyakorolja a feladat megoldásához szükséges

készségeket, de a vizsga közeledtével már arra is ügyeljen, hogy mennyi idő áll ren-delkezésére majd a vizsgán!

$ Próbáljon meg minden feladatot hiánytalanul megoldani; a jelenlegi értékelési rend-szerben a hibás válasz nem jár pontlevonással.

* Ügyeljen az írásképre, legyen jól olvasható, amit ír!

Jumbled sentences (A2) Ebben a feladattípusban a megadott szavakból kell helyes mondatot alkotni. A mondat első szavát megadtuk. # Figyelmesen olvassa el a megadott szavakat, és próbáljon következtetni a mondat je-

lentésére! # Minden szót használjon fel! * Figyeljen a mondat végén szereplő írásjelre! # Mindig tartsa szem előtt, hogy az angol mondat szigorúan kötött szórendű! # Pontosan másolja le a szavakat, mert a nyelvhelyességi feladatokban helyesírási hibát

sem követhet el!

Sentence transformation (A2, B l ) Ebben a feladattípusban úgy kell átalakítani az eredeti mondatot, hogy annak jelentése ne változzon. * A megadott formában használja fel a mondat után szereplő nagybetűs szót! # Gondolja végig, hogy milyen nyelvtani szerkezetbe illik az adott szó! * Ügyeljen arra, hogy az átalakítás során gyakran újra egyeztetnie kell az egyes mon-

datrészeket (pl. alany - állítmány, egyes szám - többes szám stb.)!

Word formation (A2, Bl , B2) Ebben a feladattípusban a zárójelben megadott szóból a szöveg tartalmának megfelelő, új szófajú szót kell képezni. h Olvassa el figyelmesen az egész szöveget, különös tekintettel a hiányzó szó előtti és

utáni szavakra! * Döntse el, milyen szófajú (ige, főnév, melléknév, határozószó stb.) a hiányzó szó, to-

vábbá hogy pozitív vagy negatív tartalmú-e!


* Hasznos lehet, ha a szavak tanulása során az új szóval együtt megtanulja annak kü-lönböző szófajú alakjait is. Akár táblázatba is foglalhatja:

IGE FŐNÉV MELLÉKNÉV

to live life live/lively

Ne felejtse el, hogy - az utasításnak megfelelően - az is előfordulhat, hogy a megadott szón nem kell változtatnia!

Cloze (A2, Bl , B2) Ebben a feladattípusban megadtuk a szövegből hiányzó szavakat, természetesen össze-keverve, továbbá hozzátettünk egy fölösleges szót. # Itt is nagyon figyelmesen olvassa el az egész szöveget, és próbálja meg kitalálni, mi-

lyen szó fajú a hiányzó szó! + Nézze meg, milyen szófajúak, illetve milyen szófajúak lehetnek a megadott szavak! # Először mindig azokat írja be, amelyekben biztos!

Jelölje meg (pl. húzza ki) a már felhasznált szavakat!

Open-cloze (Bl , B2) Ez a feladattípus a szókincsét és nyelvtani tudását is próbára teszi. A legtöbb hiányzó szó nyelvtannal: létigével, segédigével, névelővel, elöljárószóval stb. kapcsolatos. A szövegkörnyezet segít eldönteni, mi lehet az odaillő szó. h Figyelmesen olvassa el az egész szöveget! # Arra is figyeljen oda, hogy minden üres helyre csak egy szót írhat, de az összevont

alakok, pl. I'm, egy szónak számítanak! Gondolja végig, hogy az angol mondat kötött szórendje meghatározza, hogy egy adott helyre milyen szófajú szó kerülhet, pl. főnév elé melléknév, ige elé segédige stb.

# Vegye sorra, milyen nyelvtani szerkezet szerepelhet a mondatban, pl. hasonlításnál as ... as stb.

# Kövesse az egyeztetés szabályait, pl. egyes szám - többes szám stb.

Verb forms (Bl, B2) Ebben a feladattípusban a zárójelben megadott igéket kell a megfelelő igeidőbe vagy igealakba (pl. infínitive, gerund, segédigés szerkezet) tenni. Ehhez nagyon jól kell tud-ni az igék összes alakját. Sokat ismételje őket! h Olvassa végig figyelmesen a szöveget! # Döntse el, hogy a szöveg egyes részei milyen idősíkra vonatkoznak (jelen, múlt vagy

jövő)! # Ezen idősíkoknak megfelelően használja az igeidőket, kiemelten figyelve arra, hogy

pl. múlt időben követnie kell a függő beszéd szabályait! u


Itt se felejtsen el egyeztetni (szám, személy)! Tartsa szem előtt az egyes igeidők képzési szabályait! Ne felejtse el, hogy a mondat jelentéstartalma határozza meg nem csak az igeidőt, ha-nem a mondatba illő szerkezetet, módot is (pl. szenvedő szerkezet, feltételes mód, va-lószínűség stb.)!

Multiple choice (A2, B l , B2) Ebben a feladattípusban az adott választási lehetőségek közül kell a logikailag és nyelv-tanilag is helyes megoldást kiválasztani. # Mindig azzal kezdje, hogy elolvassa a teljes szöveget, a hiányokkal nem törődve,

hogy képet kapjon a tartalmáról! A Ezután mondatról mondatra haladva válassza ki az ön által helyesnek vélt megoldást! # Ha nem tudja eldönteni, melyik válasz a helyes, próbálja meg kiszűrni, melyik

válasz(ok) egyértelműen rossz(ak)! 4t Ha kiválasztotta az ön által helyesnek tartott szót, olvassa el újra az egész mondatot,

így ellenőrizheti, értelmes-e a kiválasztott szóval!

Error correction (B2) Ebben a feladattípusban azt kell eldöntenie, hogy a szöveg egyes soraiban (nem mon-dataiban!) van-e fölösleges, nyelvtanilag vagy logikailag nem odaillő szó. $ Figyelmesen olvassa el az egész szöveget, hogy képet kapjon annak tartalmáról! # Olvasson el egy-egy mondatot, függetlenül attól, hogy az hány sorban helyezkedik el,

és alaposan gondolja végig, van-e az adott mondatban fölösleges szó! # Soronként jelölje, hogy a mondat adott sora helyes-e! Amennyiben igen, a sor mellet-

ti vonalon ezt pipával (S ) jelölje! $ Amennyiben a mondat egy adott sorában fölösleges szót talál (egy sorban csak egy

fölösleges szó lehet!), akkor ezt a szót írja ki a sor melletti vonalra!

HALLOTT SZÖVEG ÉRTÉSE

Altalános tanácsok

Ebben a vizsgarészben a hallott szöveget kétszer lesz alkalma meghallgatni. Először egyben az egészet, majd pedig szünetekkel, részenként. A vizsgán a hanganyagon min-den, a szünetekkel együtt folyamatosan rajta van, vizsga közben a hanganyag lejátszá-sát nem állítják le. A könyv mellékleteként megtalálható CD-n azonban helytakarékos-ság miatt csak egyszer szerepelnek a szövegek. # Az utasításban megadják a szöveg témáját is, továbbá időt hagynak arra, hogy átnézze

a feladatot, így már bizonyos fokig képet alkothat, miről fog hallani. # Mindig szerepel egy példa is. # A helyesírást ebben a vizsgarészben külön nem pontozzák, tehát kisebb hibáért nem

vonnak le pontot, mégis ajánljuk, hogy igyekezzen helyesen dolgozni.

10


Completing the sentence (A2, B l , B2) Ebben a feladattípusban a CD-n elhangzó szöveg tartalmához kapcsolódó hiányos mon-datok szerepelnek.

Figyelmesen olvassa el az utasítást, illetve hallgassa meg a szöveget a CD-ről! * Nézze át alaposan a mondatokat! * Az első meghallgatás során még semmit ne írjon, próbálja meg „kihallani" a szüksé-

ges infonnációt! Előfordul, hogy ugyanazt a dolgot más-más szavakkal fejezik ki a CD-n, illetve a fel-adatban.

* Másodszorra részekre bontva hallgassa meg a szöveget, kb. 30 másodperces szüne-tekkel! Ekkor egészítse ki a mondatokat az ön által odaillőnek vélt szóval!

H Ellenőrizze, hogy mindig csak annyi szót írt-e be, amennyit az utasítás kért! Az ösz-szevont alakok egy szónak számítanak.

Short answers (A2, B l ) Ebben a feladattípusban a hallott szöveg értését kérdésekkel ellenőrzik. * Figyelmesen olvassa el az utasítást, illetve hallgassa meg a szöveget a CD-ről! * Nézze át alaposan a kérdéseket, ugyanis sokat segíthetnek abban, hogy képet kapjon,

miről szól a szöveg! * Ne lépje túl a megadott szószámot! * Semmiképpen sem csak annyit írjon be, hogy Yes vagy Nol Alkalmazza a rövid vá-

lasz szabályát: Yes, he does. / No, he doesn 't. * Ügyeljen arra, hogy a beírt válaszai nyelvtani és helyesírási szempontból is jók legye-

nek!

11 A végén ellenőrizze, hogy valóban a kérdésekre felelnek-e a válaszai!

Multiple choice (A2, B l , B2) Ebben a feladattípusban három: a), b), c) vagy négy: a), b), c), d) lehetséges megoldás közül kell az egyetlen jót kiválasztania. * Most is nagyon fontos a feladat figyelmes tanulmányozása! * Egy későbbi válasz utalhat valamelyik előző kérdés helyes válaszára. * Az első meghallgatáskor próbálja a szöveget egészben megérteni! * Ha nehezen dönt, zárja ki azokat a válaszokat, amelyek biztosan nem odaillők! * Lehet, hogy két választ is jónak tart, ilyenkor különösen figyelje a szóhasználatot,

mert hallhat hasonló kifejezést, ám a jelentésük teljesen különbözhet. * Végül csak a válaszait átolvasva ellenőrizze, valóban azokat az információkat válasz-

totta-e, amelyekről a szöveg szólt! True/False (A2) Ebben a feladattípusban azt kell eldöntenie, hogy a CD-n hallott szöveghez kapcsolódó (8-10) állítás azonos tartalmat hordoz-e a hallottakkal (igaz), vagy sem (hamis). H Figyelmesen tanulmányozza, illetve hallgassa meg az utasítást!

Az állításokat általában az elhangzás sorrendjében adjuk meg.


^ Az első meghallgatáskor arra figyeljen, melyik állításról nem hall semmit, illetve eset-leg az épp ellenkező információt! Ezek nyilván hamisak.

1 A második meghallgatáskor a maradék állításokra figyelve döntse el, igazak-e vagy hamisak!

# A mondat bármely része hordozhat minimális eltérést (pl. szám, dátum, állítás-taga-dás stb.).

True/False/Doesn't Say (A2, B l , B2) Ebben a feladattípusban azt kell eldöntenie, hogy a CD-n hallott szöveghez kapcsolódó (8-10) állítás azonos tartalmat hordoz-e a hallottakkal (igaz), vagy sem (hamis), valamint hogy bizonyos állítások egyáltalán szerepelnek-e a hallott szövegben. Taná-csaink is hasonlóak a fentiekben megfogalmazottakhoz, annyi kiegészítéssel, hogy itt még főntosabb, hogy a szöveg egészét próbálja meg megérteni.

Matching exercie (Bl , B2) Ebben a feladattípusban a hallott szöveghez általában két oszlopban szerepelnek a fel-adat részei (számozva, illetve betűkkel jelölve). A feladat összepárosítani az elhangzot-taknak megfelelően az egymáshoz tartozó részeket. $ Az utasítás figyelmes áttanulmányozása itt is alapvető. # Nézze meg, milyen adatok szerepelnek a táblázatokban! # Amennyiben számok szerepelnek, alapvető, hogy azokat jól tudja angolul, és fi-

gyeljen a kiejtésre (pl. jifty-fifteen)\ # Előfordulhat, hogy már a feladat tanulmányozásakor ötletei támadnak a párosításra.

Ezzel azonban vigyázzon, mert ez az ön gondolatmenete, a CD-ről egészen mást is hallhat.

# A második meghallgatáskor legjobban a betűkkel jelölt oszlopban szereplő adatokra figyeljen!

Ebben a feladatban nincs fölösleges információ.

A, B or AB (Bl, B2) Ez a feladattípus hasonló a feleletválasztóshoz, ám itt nem csak egy lehetséges jó meg-oldás van, hanem mindkét megadott változat is helyes lehet. # Figyelmesen olvassa el az állításokat/kérdéseket, és gondolkozzon el azon, hogyan le-

hetne a bennük szereplő információt más módon (pl. rokon értelmű szavakkal) kife-jezni!

# Mindig van legalább egy helyes válasz.

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U S E OF E N G L I S H

[Task 1 A2 - "Jumbled sentences" The words in the sentences below are jumbled up. You have to form correct sentences. Do not change the form of the words. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

0 the/on/was/wkat/weather/holiday/like/your What was the weather like on your holiday?

1 Would/pleased/ew/studied/be/if/teacher/more/very/we/ Our .

2 Is/on/expensive/geing/for/holiday/her/too Going .

3 Have/a/countryside/they/house/the/decided/buy/new/to/in They .

4 Him/homework/asked/to/with/Petef/his/help/me Peter .

5 Like/tonight/i/going/feel/cinema/to/don't/the I .

6 More/exam/had/the/than/was/expected/difficult/we The .

7 Short/is/money/always/he/of He .

8 Doing/can 't/the/she/washing-up/stand She .

9 Some/the/you/proj ect/give/about/ee«W/information/me Could ?

10 Outer/there/you/in/de/space/life/think/i s Do ?

iTask 2 A2 - "Sentence transformation" Transform each sentence using the new beginning and the word given in bold, so that the meaning stays the same. Use between two and five words. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

The shop opened a year ago. SINCE The shop has been open since last year. Peter started to learn Chinese a couple of years ago. FOR Peter has a couple of years. Normally I have a 10-minute journey to work. ME Normally to get to work. My son hasn't done his homework yet. STILL My son his homework.

14


4 This is Jane's first day in her new job. JUST Jane's her new job.

5 Chewing gum is not allowed in lessons. MUST Students in lessons.

6 When did your parents get married? HAVE How married?

7 How much did his new mobile phone cost? PAY How much his new mobile phone?

8 My brother isn't old enough to drive a car. T O O My brother to drive a car.

9 John is not interested in politics. DOES Politics John.

10 What radio programme do you like best? FAVOURITE What radio programme?

Task 3 'Environment* You are going to read a text about a service that can make your life easier. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the correct forms of the words in brackets. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There might be cases when you don't have to change the given word. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

The Home

As they say 'the home is where the heart is'. But do we all have the heart to get all (0) those (that) niggely little jobs done? Why should you have to take a day's precious holiday, just to sit around waiting for the gas man to arrive? Simple Life can provide you with the invaluable service of finding a (1) (rely) tradesman, let them into your house, oversee the work and lock up your house once the job has been done and they have left. All home and garden (2) (repair) as well as any kind of home (3) (improve) can be dealt with. Domestic cleaning, washing and (4) (iron), in fact any and all domestic chores can also be organised on your behalf. A key holding (5) (serve) can be proved for all members. The keys will be stored in a (6) (security) place, and all (7) (employ) will have to sign for any key, and will be required to bring them back the same day. This ser-vice allows our staff to deliver or collect anything on your behalf to any address with-out the occupant needing to be home. Perhaps you are moving home? We will source you properties, make sure it is decorated and clean before you move in. Organise your (8) (park) permit, utilities and any storage that you may need. You will also be given a little moving in (9) (pack) - all the essentials for your (10) (one) night in your new house.

(http: //www. simple-life. co. uk)

D


0 those 1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8

9 10

iTask 4 A2 - "Environment" You are going to read a text about the importance of recycling. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to choose the appropriate word from the list (A-L) for each gap (1-10) in the text. There is one extra word that you do not need to use. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

The Impact of Recycling

Recycling is one of the best (0) JC for you to have a positive impact on the world in (1) we live. Recycling is important for (2) the natural envi-ronment and us. We must act fast as the amount of waste we create is increasing all the time. The amount of rubbish we create is constantly increasing because increasing wealth means that people are buying (3) products and ultimately creating more waste. Increasing population means that there are more people on the planet to create waste. New packaging and technological products are being (4) , and many of these products contain materials that are not biodegradable. New lifestyle changes, (5) as eating fast food, mean that we create additional waste that isn't biodegradable. Recycling is very important as waste has a huge negative impact on the natural environ-ment. Harmful chemicals and greenhouse gases are (6) from rubbish in landfill sites. Recycling helps to reduce the pollution caused by waste. Habitat destruc-tion and global warming are some of the affects caused (7) deforestation. Recycling reduces the need (8) raw materials so that the rainforests can be preserved. Huge amounts of energy are (9) when making products from raw materials. Recycling requires much (10) energy and therefore helps to preserve nat-ural resources.

(http://www.recycJing-guide.org.uk)

A more B for C ways D released E used F which G both H what I developed J by K such L less

10

16

http://www.recycJing-guide.org.uk


0 'School'' Read this article about a fat child's school memories. Some words are missing from the text. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options (A-D) for each gap (1-10) in the text. Write the appropriate letter in the corresponding box. There is an example (0) for you.

School Memories

When I was a kid, I had it rough. I was tall, but (0) B . I had lots of friends, but peo-ple were mean to me. Kids would say I was fat, and then ask me how much I weighed. I (1) , all I could do was get away from everyone and just cry. I remember a couple of stories that I can relate (2) . Most things happened in the 6th grade. I just moved and made many new friends. (3) a middle school is hard. The eight graders would pick on me and say mean things. Once, an 8th grader was walk-ing by my locker and said, "how's your diet going fat girl!" and then in the gym, we (4) and doing tumbling. A 7th grader saw me running around and told other people about it. I soon (5) when a 6th grader not from my class said, "Hey tubby! 7th graders are saying your stomach shakes when you run! They saw you in gym. You are the fattest kid I (6) ." This all happened the (7) day. I never felt so humiliated and sad in my life. When I finally got into the 7th grade, I gained about 10 kilos. Everyone started asking (8) I weighed. I told them how much, and they spread it around the 7th grade. That is my story of my middle school years. I had a hard time in school, (9) the best part is, I liked who I was, and 1 didn't care (10) anyone thought of me.

(http://www. catay. com/fatkid)

0 A weight B overweight 1 A haven't answered B answered 2 A to B with 3 A Start B Starting 4 A was running B ran 5 A founded out B found out 6 A have never seen B haven't seen 7 A same B whole 8 A how B how many 9 A and B so 10 A that B which

C weighed D overweighed C didn't answer D didn't give answer C i n D on C Going D Getting . C were running D were runing C found D founded C have ever seen D ever saw C every D all C how much D how heavy C though D but C why D what

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iTask 6 A2 - "School" You are going to read a text about out of school activities. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to choose the appropriate word from the list (A-L) for each gap (1-10) in the text. Write the appropriate letter in the corresponding box. There is one extra word that you do not need to use. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Out of School Activities

Many children enjoy organised out of school activities of one (0) E or another. In this section, Parents Online makes some suggestions for things your child could do, some familiar, some, perhaps, less so. Quite apart (1) the enjoyment children may get from the activities, there are other good reasons for encouraging (2) to take part: They may meet different children (3) - from a different range of backgrounds. Not only is this fun, it may also help children who are shy, or who are having difficulty at school (4) their confidence. They will have a (5) to relate to adults in a slightly different way than they do either with teachers or members of their family. The range of activities offered will (6) your children the chance to develop different skills. This can be especially helpful for children who are having difficulty (7) formal schoolwork. As the government places (8) emphasis on literacy, numeracy and the require-ments of the national curriculum, some schools are (9) it difficult to find time for art, drama and other (10) activities, and sport. Out of school activities can pick up the slack. And don't forget - they give Mum and Dad a break!

(http.V/www.parents. org. uk)

A them B creative C build D possible E kind F chance G with H possibly I finding J give K from L more

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Task 7 A2 - "Science and technology" You are going to read a text about improving children's communication. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the missing word. Use only one word in each gap. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example at the beginning.

How to Teach Your Child About Different Forms of Communication

It is important (0) for children to learn the different ways we communicate. This will give them the opportunity to express (1) in a variety of forms such as

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through their hands, body, voice, letters and pictures. I have come up with some funny ways that you can teach your child about communication. One of the best ways to teach your child about different modes of communication (2) to read books. This will give you the chance (3) show pic-tures and talk about the ways people communicate. Create a feely box (4) contains many forms of communication. Some items you can have are pens, envelopes, stationery, cassettes, a cell phone and small radio. Then your child will close (5) eyes, feel one item and guess what it is. Once they guessed (6) item you can talk about how that form of communication is used. Play communication games. A popular communication game is called telephone. You can play this game with your (7) family. Everyone sits in a circle. You whis-per a word to the person (8) to you and that person passes the message to the person next to them. This message passing continues (9) it gets back to you. Then you blurt out the final word and let everyone know if that was the original (10) that you whispered.

(http://www. associatedcontent. com)

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Task 8 A2 - "Lifestyle" You are going to read a text about the importance of breakfast. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the missing word. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning.

Do You Have Breakfast Regularly?

In the rush to (0) get to school or work, many of us skip breakfast. Yet it makes sense to fill your "empty tank" after a long night (1) food. Recent research proves that breakfast really is the (2) important meal of the day - and has a long list of benefits. When we eat, our body experiences something called the thermic effect - we burn calo-ries just (3) digesting and absorbing our food. If you get up at 7 am and (4) eat your first meal until noon, that's 5 hours during (5) your calo-rie burn has slowed down unnecessarily. Eating in the morning, and then (6) 3-4 hours, keeps your body burning fuel efficiently - and helps prevent weight gain. Studies show (7) breakfast eaters also get more essential vitamins and min-erals ((8) skippers rarely compensate in other meals), get more bone-building

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calcium (mainly milk products) throughout the day, eat (9) fat and fewer calo-rie-dense foods all day, have lower cholesterol levels and reduced danger of heart dis-ease, have more normal weight and half the risk (10) developing obesity and insulin resistance - major risk factors for diabetes and heart disease, are less likely to overeat or snack in the evening, and are more likely to (11) to be 100.

(http.V/www.actnowbc. ca)

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¡Task 1 B1 - "Sentence transformation" Transform each sentence using the new beginning and the word given in bold, so that the meaning stays the same. Use between two and five words. There is an example at the beginning.

0 " Who were you phoning? " I asked Tom. HE I asked Tom who he was phoning .

1 The man denied stealing the money. SAID The man the money.

2 The teacher asked me, "Who is taking you to school?" WAS The teacher asked me to school.

3 I really regret being so rude to her. WISH I been so rude to her.

4 It's such a pity I can't go on holiday now. ONLY If holiday now.

5 Don't try to call him - the line's engaged. GOOD It's call him - the line is engaged.

6 It wasn't necessary to buy any milk, we have enough. BOUGHT You any milk, we have enough.

7 Janet was so shocked that she could not say anything. TOO Janet was say anything.

8 The police are sure that somebody saw the robbery. MUST Somebody the robbery.

9 "Do you know how old John is?" she asked. KNEW She asked me if was.

10 My brother can't vote because he's too young. ENOUGH My brother to vote.

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11 Hockey doesn't interest him. INTERESTED He hockey.

You are going to read a text about genetically modified foods. Your task is to write the correct verb forms of the words in brackets. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Minister Urges British "Rethink" on Genetically Modified Foods

British resistance to genetically modified crops may have to be rethought in the light of food shortages and rising prices around the world, a Government minister (0) suggested (to suggest). Environment minister Phil Woolas said that as a nation, the UK (1) (to need) to ask itself whether GM can play a part in addressing the current crisis, which (2) (to see) food riots in several developing countries. According to reports, Mr Woolas (3) (to hold) talks last Wednesday with the Agricultural Biotechnology Council, an umbrella group formed in 2000 (4) (to pro-mote) the role of biotechnology in agriculture. And he (5) (to tell) a news-paper: "There is a growing question of whether GM crops can help the developing world out of the current food price crisis. It is a question that we as a nation need to ask our-selves." The debate is already under way. Many people concerned about poverty in the developing world and the environment (6) (to wrestle) with this issue. The Government (7) (to decide) that there is no scientific case for a blanket ban on GM crops, but following heated public debate about so-called "Frankenstein foods", it made clear in 2004 that commercial planting (8) (to go) ahead only on a case-by-case basis if it can (9) (to show) to be safe for humans and the environment. There (10) (to be) no commercial cultivation of GM plants in the UK at present, and only one trial is under way, involving potatoes in Cambridgeshire.

(http: //www. express, co. uk Thursday June 19, 2008 )

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Task 3 B1 - "Lifestyle You are going to read a text about anorexia nervosa, a serious eating disorder. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the missing word. Use only one word in each gap. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa

People who intentionally starve themselves suffer (0) from an eating disorder called anorexia nervosa. The disorder, (1) usually begins in young people around the time of puberty, involves extreme weight loss. Deborah developed anorexia nervosa when she was 16. A rather shy, studious teenager, she tried hard to please everyone. She (2) an attractive appearance, but was slightly overweight. Like many teenager girls, she was interested in boys but concerned that she wasn't pretty (3) to get their attention. When her father jokingly remarked that she would never get a date (4) she didn't lose some weight, she (5) him seriously and began to diet relentlessly. Soon after the pounds started dropping off, Deborah's menstrual periods stopped. Every day she weighed all (6) food she would eat on a kitchen scale. She also exercised compulsively, even after she weakened and became faint. No one was (7) to convince Deborah that she was (8) danger. Finally, her doctor insisted that she be hospitalized. While in hospital, she secretly con-tinued her exercise regimen in the bathroom, doing strenuous routines of sit-ups and knee-bends. It took several hospitalizations and a good deal of individual and family outpatient therapy for Deborah (9) face and solve her problems. Deborah's case is not unusual. People with anorexia typically starve themselves, even though they suffer terribly from hunger pains. One of the most frightening aspects of the disorder (10) that people with anorexia continue to think they are over-weight even when they are bone-thin. For reasons not yet understood, they become ter-rified of gaining (11) weight.

(http://www.selflielpmagazine.com)

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Q B1 - "Science and technology" You are going to read a text about the costs of employee-owned laptops. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the correct forms of the words in brackets. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There might be cases when you don't have to change the given word. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Employee-Owned Laptops Don't Save Money

Companies that (0) encourage (courage) employees to use their own laptops for work are deluding themselves if they think it is an easy way to save IT costs, according to Gartner. However, the analyst firm believes that the initiatives do have advantages in allowing IT an (1) (addition) measure of control over rogue users. The report said that the total cost of ownership of employee-supplied notebooks is not that (2) (difference) from company-bought hardware if the notebooks are well managed. But Gartner warned that (3) (proper) managed employee-supplied note-books can actually be more expensive. The firm carried out a series of studies on two types of workers: office-based (4) (employ) who take a notebook home to extend their hours; and (5) (true) mobile workers who are out of the office 80 per cent of the working week. For both user profiles, the (6) (total) cost of ownership of a locked and well-managed virtual machine on an employee-owned notebook was (7) (broad) similar to that of a well-managed notebook. "Although total annual costs are typically equal to or better than company-owned notebooks, the (8) (save) mainly occur in indirect costs," said Gartner fellow Brian Gammage. "In all cases, the direct costs related to hardware, software and personnel are higher. This is driven by the additional (9) (compensate) paid to the user." The report goes on to question the (10) (motivate) for employee-owned notebook programmes, if not for lower costs.

(http://www.pcw.co.uk)

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Task 5 B1 - "People and society" You are going to read a text about how your appearance might influence other people's opinion about you. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to choose the appropriate word from the list (A-L) for each gap (1-10) in the text. Write the appropriate letter in the corresponding box. There is one extra word that you do not need to use. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Judging by Appearance

How you look can (0) F risk of bullying, social exclusion and personal distress amongst adolescents, but psychological intervention can help young people deal (1) its affects. Research conducted over the (2) three years by Dr. Emily Lovegrove was presented on Thursday 9 January 2003 in Harrogate. The results showed that of 1,000 adolescents questioned, 75% cited teasing or bullying about appearance as causing distress. 31% said that they refused to engage in classroom debate because of (3) appearance. 20% of 15-year-olds questioned said they (4) truanted because of their appearance. Ignoring bullies or telling an adult (5) referred to by the children as commonly advised, but impractical, coping strategies. Adolescents helped to develop an intervention of 6 one-hour sessions (6) was subsequently delivered to over 200 adolescents in the South West of England. The sessions included information on the (7) of appearance in human interactions as well as learning 8 new coping strategies which were practised on hypothetical cases of adolescent bullying. Six months later perceived levels of bullying had reduced (8) almost two thirds. Improvements to self-esteem and resilience to bullying were significant. Dr. Lovegrove said "Distress and bullying in school arising from appearance-related issues is a wide-spread concern. Bullying about appearance (9) not character forming, a joke, or deserved. This research demonstrates (10) this form of abuse undermines global self-esteem and affects academic confidence."

(http.V/www. bps. org. uk)

A were B past C have D importance E is F increase G that H which I their J with K had L by

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0 B1 - "Travel" Read this article about the London taxis and their drivers. Some words are miss-ing from the text. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options (A-D) for each gap (1-10) in the text. Write the appropriate letter in the corresponding box. There is an example (0) for you.

London Cabs and Cabbies

Today, London counts approximately 20,000 black cabs with more (0) C 24,000 cabbies. Whatever the colour and whatever the model, they still are black cabs. However, the FX4, first (1) in the Sixties, seems to be everyone's favourite. But the shape and form of the cab isn't the only thing that (2) London taxis the best in the world - because that's what they are! - their international success has (3) to do with the drivers too! In most cases, cabbies are the first persons visitors to London (4) - the first thing they hear is something like "Where to, Guv'?". They are the ones who help tourists dis-cover the capital and sometimes (5) they see before leaving. They are the true rep-resentatives of the city and they leave a lasting impression - a good one, more often than not! "For a start, they know where they are going", said one New-Yorker, "which is rare (6) I come from!" It's no surprise when you consider that cabbies in London have to go through the very stringent "Knowledge" before they get the green and gold badge of their profession. The Knowledge was introduced in 1851 and (7) a list of 400 runs through London that the would-be driver must learn. He/she must know the streets, squares, hotels, theatres, government and public buildings, railway and police stations, courts, places of worship and the list goes on. If you need (8) on where to go, never hesitate to ask. They know more about (9) place in London than anyone else. And if you need someone with the finger on the pulse of London, look no further than that golden taxi sign. (10) your arm and shout: "TAXI!"

(http://www. thelondontaxi. co. uk/)

0 A like B then C than D much 1 A was built B built C build D be built 2 A makes B do C does D make 3 A many B a lot of C lot of D a lot 4 A come across B get over C get across D come over 5 A the latest B the last C the latter D last 6 A that B which C how D where 7 A consist of B consists of C consists to D contains of 8 A advice B advices C an advice D some advices 9 A the B some C any D no 10 A Rise B Lift C Wave D Raise

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C

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Task 7 B1 - "Science and technology" You are going to read an aritcle about a hacker's false earthquake warning. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the missing word. Use only one word in each gap. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Chinese Police Arrest Fake Quake Hacker

Chinese police (0) have arrested a 19-year-old suspected of hacking into a seismology website and falsely warning of a major earthquake, according (1) state media. Identified only by the surname Chen, the teenager (2) thought to be from east China's Jiangsu province, the Beijing News reported. The report claimed that Chen (3) admitted to illegally entering the Guangxi province's seismology website (4) the end of May in a bid to show off his technical skills. After hacking into the site, it is alleged that the 19-year-old altered text on the home page (5) warn of a "huge earthquake of magnitude 9 (6) more". The hack came just weeks after devastating earthquakes (7) Sichuan province on 12 May which killed around 70,000 people. Police arrested Chen on 4 June in Taicang city, (8) he hacked into the same site and deleted data on 1 June and 2 June. According to the report, the teenager had been held (9) five days in March for other hacking offences. No details surrounding a trial date or possible sentence (10) given.

(http://www.pcw.co. uk)

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iTask 8 B1-"Sentence transformation" Transform each sentence using the new beginning and the word given in bold, so that the meaning stays the same. Use between two and five words. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

0 They took the exam in a very noisy room. WHERE The room where they took the exam was very noisy.

1 She hates going to supermarkets if they are crowded. WHICH She doesn't are crowded.

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2 1 will go if you come with me. UNLESS I come with me.

3 Jane can't decide whether to go to the cinema or not. MIND Jane still hasn't whether to go to the cinema or not.

4 Do you realize that's your third coffee in an hour? T H R E E Do you realize that cups of coffee in an hour?

5 It's your own fault - I told you it was dangerous to go near the dog. NOT It's your own fault - I warned near the dog.

6 When does this train get to London? Do you know? GETS Do you know to London?

7 The man said he had stolen the necklace. ADMITTED The man the necklace.

8 It's such a pity we can't go on holiday this year. WISH I on holiday this year.

9 I am sure you didn't see him yesterday. He is not in town. CAN'T You yesterday. He is not in town.

10 When did he start playing handball? BEEN How handball?

£ ask 9 B1 - "Family life" You are going to read a text about Australian Aboriginal children. Your task is to write the correct verb forms of the words in brackets. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

The Stolen Generations

Between 1910 and 1970 up to 100,000 Aboriginal children (0) were taken (to take) from their families by police or welfare officers. Most were under 5 years old. There was rarely any judicial process. To be Aboriginal was enough. Today they (1) (to know) as the "Stolen Generations". Most of these children were raised in Church or state institutions. Some were fostered or adopted by white parents. Many (2) (to suffer) physical and sexual abuse. Food and living conditions were poor. They received little education, and were expected (3) (to go) into low grade domestic and farming work. They were taken because it was Federal and State Government policy that Aboriginal children should (4) (to remove) from their parents. The main motive (5) (to be) to "assimilate" Aboriginal children into European society over one or two generations by (6) (to deny) and destroy-ing their Aboriginality. Speaking their languages and practising their ceremonies (7) (to forbid). The physical and emotional damage to those taken away was profound and lasting.

R M


Most (8) (to grow up) in a hostile environment without family ties or cul-tural identity. As adults, many suffered insecurity, lack of self esteem, feelings of worth-lessness, depression, suicide, violence, delinquency, abuse of alcohol and drugs and inability to trust. A National Inquiry was setup in 1995. Its 1997 Report 'Bringing them Home' (9) (to contain) harrowing evidence. It found that forcible removal of indigenous children was a gross violation of human rights which continued well after Australia (10)

(to undertake) international human rights commitments. (http://www.en iar. org)

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Task 10 B1 - "Science and technology" You are going to read a text about how you can easily invent things. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to choose the appropriate word from the list (A-L) for each gap (1-10) in the text. Write the appropriate letter in the corresponding box. There is one extra word that you do not need to use. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Easy Invention Ideas - How to Have Them

Want easy invention ideas? Dreaming up new products and inventions is (0) G and it can be easy too. One of the easiest ways to create new ideas for inventions is to look at what already exists and find a way to make it (1) . You can start with things in your own home. Look at the toaster, for example. How could it be (2) , replaced, or the need for it eliminated? You could eliminate the need for it if you designed a stove with a toast-er (3) into it. You could replace it with something like a waffle iron. You could improve it by making it faster, perhaps with a combination toasting element and microwave heater. Is there anything that irritates you? Annoyances and irritating things are not just prob-lems, but excellent opportunities for easy invention ideas. Suppose you are tired (4) burning your tongue on hot coffee. What could save you from this irritation? Perhaps a cup with a built-in thermometer (5) shows green once the coffee has cooled (6) ? Maybe a cooling device to set a coffee cup in, like a small fan that blows across the coffee when the cup is set on the device?

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Annoyed (7) the necessity of brushing your teeth so often? Maybe there is a Teflon-like coating that could be (8) , so food wouldn't stick. If it was anti-bacterial as well, you might avoid plaque even after days without brushing. Looking at (9) is around you and imagining small or large improvements is easy. It also isn't (10) difficult to train yourself to look at problems as opportunities. There are dozens of other techniques that will give you easy invention ideas, but start with these two simple ones and you can have a hundred new ideas today.

(http://www.21stcentury.co.uk/ )

A built B enough C good D better E too F with G fun H of I applied J improved K that L what

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L ask 11 B1 - "Environment'' You are going to read a text about city life and country life. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the correct forms of the words in brackets. There might be cases when you don't have to change the given word. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

City Life or Country Life?

Maria lives in a big city surrounded by the speed and (0) convenience (convenient) of urban life. She works in an office with 1000 other (1) (employ), and travels to and from there on a crowded underground. Her home is a flat overlooking a busy city-street, which is always (2) (live) with the sound of traffic and people passing by. After work she meets friends in a bar or restaurant before going on to a disco or nightclub. Weekends are spent in the shopping mall with its numerous shops, multi-screen cinemas, fast food and (3) (entertain) complexes. Alex, however, lives in a small village in the countryside. He cycles to work down coun-try lanes every morning, the sound of tractors, birds and animals in his ears. In the evening, he relaxes at home in front of the fire with a good book to read. At weekends, he goes for (4) (length) walks in the fields with his dog. The 18th century marked the beginning of the (5) (industry) Revolution, the depopulation of the countryside and the move to towns. The towns became places of mass employment in factories and offices. Today, many town dwellers wish to reverse this trend and return to a slower pace. Yet, a modern country (6) (exist) is not without its problems; poor transport, lack of access to hospitals and education, and services found in towns such as large shops, banks and entertainment.

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The debate between town and country is meaningless these days, as so many people live in towns, and very few people are (7) (actual) able to choose where they live; this is dictated by their work or birth. The internet and other mass media have linked country areas to the world, (8) (provide) access to information -even in remote areas. If people are to be persuaded to stay in the countryside, other bene-fits of the city need to be available (employment, healthcare and (9) (educate)). Conversely, the (10) (introduce) of city parks and forests, and traffic free zones, has helped to bring a little of the countryside to the city streets.

(http://www. britishcouncil. org/)

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Task 12 B1 - "Family life You are going to read a text about what coke can be used for at home. Some prepositions are missing from the text. Your task is to write the missing word. Use only one preposition in each gap. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

What Can a Can of Coke Be Used for?

It's the Real Thing, it Adds Life, but that can or bottle of cola can also work wonders (0) in an emergency. The chemical soup that makes up most commercial soft drinks not only makes them taste good, but also makes them effective cleaning agents, bolt looseners, paint strippers, and possible skin softeners. More uses than MacGyver could think up. And since most guys usually have a can or six lying around the house, knowing what to use it (1) when trouble arises can save you big problems. Here's a list you should keep handy. Just in case. Got bad stains, a date coming over in an hour and no toilet cleaner? Pour a can of coke into the bowl. Let it sit (2) an hour, then brush to loosen the dirt and flush clean. Been working (3) the car all weekend and greased up more than just the engine? Pouring a can of cola into your washer, along (4) your regular deter-gent, is said to help loosen and wash away those grease stains. Collecting quarters and want them to sparkle? Place your coins (5) a small dish and soak in coke for a few hours. Rinse and wipe to a bright shine.

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Got your girl some flowers and you want them to survive through the week? Pour (6) a quarter cup of Sprite or 7-Up into a vase full (7) water. Sugar helps them last longer. According (8) The Doctor's Book of Home Remedies, the syrup in Coca-Cola can be used to cure upset stomachs. Just let leave the bottle open for about 30 min-utes, until the soda goes flat. The carbonation could have an adverse effect (9) your stomach. Want to score points with that single mom struggling to get chewing gum (10) of her screaming kid's hair? Come to the rescue with your can of coke. Soak the kid's hair for a few minutes, then rinse. The gum should come right out.

(http://www. asylum, co. uk)

0 in 1 _ 2 ___ 3 _ 4 _ 5

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L ask 13 B1 - "School" You are going to read a text about tomorrow's scientists. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the correct noun forms of the words in brackets. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There might be cases when you don't have to change the given word. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Where Are Tomorrow's Scientists?

This is an era in which science is needed, arguably more than ever. In the environment, energy and (0) innovation (innovate) generally, smart investors rely on smart (1) (think). The public needs trusty scientists, to pursue knowledge and to arbitrate in debates about the likes of climate change, nuclear energy or nanotechnology. The trouble is, we may be running short of scientists. Policy experts are now sounding the alarm in (2) (relate) to science as a whole, pointing to a shortage that will grow worse unless (3) (govern) take steps to raise enrolment levels in science and technology (4) (educate). It will be a tough challenge. The latest OECD PISA survey of scientific competence among 400,000 students in 57 countries, reports that while young people acknowledge the (5) (important) of science, they show little (6) (enthusiastic) for taking it up as a career. Little wonder there is also widespread pessimism among secondary school students about the future of the environment. A recent (7) (publish) from the OECD's Global Science Forum, Encouraging Student Interest in Science and Technology Studies, reports that the best

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students are not choosing science because it is not well understood. It says the (8) (imagine) of scientists in white coats doesn't help, either. But perhaps more importantly in a world of mind-boggling bonuses in financial trading, science is simply not seen as a field for making money in. After all, (9) (finance) requires smart people too. Pay might not be the only factor, but it will take a genius to reverse the scientist (10) (short) without addressing it. Assuming there are any geniuses left, that is.

(http://www, oecdobserver. org)

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Task 14 B1 - "Family life" You are going to read a text about the village where Nicolas Sarkozy was born. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the missing word. Use only one word in each gap. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Hungarian Village Salutes Lost Son

France may have been both celebrating (0) and protesting over the arrival of its new President, but in the Hungarian village of Alattyan there was little but praise for its most famous son. Surrounded (1) miles of farmland about 50 miles east of Budapest, the village remained virtually unheard of (2) Nicolas Sarkozy became President. Described by (3) of the villagers as "such a fit, strong-handed and very clever man", M. Sarkozy's family roots are to be found here. M. Sarkozy's grandfather, Gyorgy Sarkozy de Nagy Bocsa, owned (4) small estate and chateau in Alattyan during the 1920s and 30s. He also had a stake in the land of the (5) larger Toth-Maar estate (owned by his uncle, Lajos Toth Maar), (6) the family used to spend holidays and to which M. Sarkozy's father, Paul, (7) an heir. However, the Red Army arrived in Hungary (8) 1944 and the Toth-Maar mansion was looted and then torn down in 1949. Sandor Mosonyi, 67, a retired policeman, said: "It would be a huge honour for us if Nicolas was (9) to come to the village." It was a near-unanimous view. The only dissenter was Marian Kovacs, who said: " I 'm not interested. He (10) regard himself as Hungarian."

(http://www. independent, co. uk/news/ By Jen Wainwright

Thursday, 17 May 2007)

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L ask 15 B1 - "Lifestyle' Read this article about a new hope for cancer victims. Some words are missing from the text. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options (A-D) for each gap (1-10) in the text. Write the appropriate letter in the corresponding box. There is an example (0) for you.

Clone Science Hope For Skin Cancer Cure

A skin cancer victim has left doctors stunned after he was cured (0) B a clone of his own immune system. Although the tumours (1) to his lungs and lymph nodes, the patient was given the all-clear just two months after receiving the treatment. The 52-year-old man, who has not been named, had been diagnosed with Stage 4 malignant melanoma, (2) is notoriously difficult to treat. It is the second most common form of cancer (3) 20 to 39-year-olds and cases are increasing in Britain faster than any other type of the disease. Doctors decided to try the revolutionary technique using the patient's own body (4) the disease after other treatments had failed. The American team extracted anti-cancer cells from the (5) immune system and reproduced them in a laboratory many times over before injecting them back into his body. The tumours disappeared in a matter of weeks. Cancer expert Professor Karol Sikora said: "Melanoma is a disease (6) there is a very powerful immune response and we have had amazing cases where immune therapy has worked but there's no doubt there is (7) here from which we have to learn. It's very (8) . It could be applied to other cancers." About 9,000 cases of malignant melanoma (9) in the UK each year and about 2,000 people die from the disease. While doctors stress that the results (10) only one patient, they believe the method could be used where other treatments have failed.

(http://www. express, co. uk/posts/ By Martin Evans and Sally Guyoncourt)

0 A used B using C was using D use 1 A spread B spreaded C had spread D have spread 2 A which B that C what D i t 3 A between B with C for D among 4 A fighting B to fight C for fight D fight 5 A men B mans C man's D man

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I fask 16 B1 - "School You are going to read a conversation about how to learn another language. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the missing word. Use only one word in each gap. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Lupe Gives Advice on Learning Another Language

Lupe: So, I 've noticed you tend to be a little afraid (0) to speak the language, especially around other people who speak both languages and maybe you're afraid that somebody is gonna correct you, (1) is actually a good thing, so you have to be able to let yourself speak it in front of other people who can (2) those corrections for you so the next time you say those things you'll say them correctly or maybe a little (3) . Kara: And that's exactly what it is. I am (4) more comfortable to speak Spanish to an only Spanish speaker than I am to somebody who speaks both languages, maybe because I am afraid of that person correcting me or teasing me (5) the mistakes that I make. Lupe: It's also great that you're going down there not (6) _ for vacation but you are also gonna be enrolled in school because it's always good to practise a language, but it's great to be able to also sit in a classroom studying and learn all the grammar and make sure that you are also reading and writing it and you understand (7) that way also. It's really important. Kara: And I'll be living with a family so I'll get lots of practice at the house also. Lupe: Yeah, that will definitely help you out and I am sure that, you know, after you come back, you'll feel a little more comfortable since you were in a different country. Kara: That's very true. But I 've always noticed my favourite people to practise with are little kids. Their Spanish, or any language, is so (8) that it's fun to talk to them, just like with English. When you're learning English, a two-year old or a three-year old, you can talk to (9) , and they don't notice your mistakes but they'll understand exactly what you're saying.

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Lupe: Well, you can (10) come over and practise with my little cousins or my little nephew and nieces. Kara: Thanks.

(http://www. ello. org)

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0 B2 - "Environment'' You are going to read a text about how a shop assistant should handle an angry customer. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the missing word. Use only one word in each gap. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Handling Angry Customers

If you work (0) as a front desk person or in a support department, you have to know (1) to handle complaints and unfortunately angry customers. An angry customer is very sensitive and (2) the right words you can avoid further irritating the customer and resolve the problem s/he (3) . The rule of thumb of how one should handle an angry customer is to be patient. Speaking in a patient tone (4) calm down the angry customer. Being angry back at angry clients will not resolve the problem but (5) it worse. Showing that you are willing to solve the problem the angry customer has will also help in calming them (6) . If they ask for the manager, do as they say. Explain briefly to the manager the situation of the client, putting emphasis on the frustration of the client. Work out with the manager on solutions (7) resolve the problem of the angry customer. By doing so in front of the client you will calm them, since they will see that you care and are tyring your best to solve their issue. Even (8) they may have used the wrong attitude, angry customers are still vital for your business. So make sure that you make your customers feel important before you close (9) complaint. Tell them that s/he has been helpful to the business by pointing out a problem, something (10) others didn't do. Such compliments might turn an angry customer back to a loyal one.

(http://blog.fruitfultime.com/)

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Read this article about sharing the housework. Some words are missing from the text. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options (A-D) for each gap (1-10) in the text. Write the appropriate letter in the corresponding box. There is an example (0) for you.

Share the Housework With Your Kids

Keeping the house (0) B and neat is an ongoing challenge for busy families. To lighten the load, delegate some of the (1) to the kids. Everyone in the home should participate in day-to-day housework. Even very young children can handle some of the responsibilities and they will gain self-confidence along the way. Try to maintain a lighthearted attitude while cleaning, especially with young children. Kids (2) not feel that housework is a punishment. Play music, sing along and don't forget to praise their (3) along the way. Pre-school children can (4) their toys and straighten their own rooms. Primary school children can make their beds and keep their rooms tidy. Care of the fam-ily pets can be their responsibility. (5) and clearing the table are great jobs for this age. Pre-teens and younger teens are ready (6) even more responsibility. They can prepare their own lunches. In addition (7) cleaning their own rooms, kids of this age can load and unload the dishwasher, they can dust furniture and vac-uum. Cleaning the kitchen or bathroom is no problem for older teens. Outdoor jobs such as mowing the grass, weeding the flower beds or cleaning the garage can also be assigned to kids this age. When you delegate some of the housework to your kids, (8) them know that they are learning important skills (9) contributing to the quality of your family life. Show your appreciation for a job well done and try (10) them if their results are not perfect.

(http://articles.familylobby.com/) (By Mary Shows)

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http://articles.familylobby.com/


7 A with B at C to D for 8 A have B make C allow D let 9 A as long as B as far as C as much as D as well as 10 A to criticize B not criticizing C not to criticize D criticizing

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0 B2 - "Travel' Read this article about traditional Irish customs. In most lines there is one word that should not be there. It is either grammatically incorrect or it does not fit with the meaning of the text. If there is an extra word, write it on the corresponding line. Some lines are correct. Indicate these lines with a tick There are two examples (0) and (00) for you.

Irish Wedding Toast

There are many traditional customs associated with 0 Irish weddings. In one such a case, the groom gets invited 00 a to bride's home before the wedding. Goose is been cooked 1 in honour of the groom at the bride's her home. Another 2 traditional custom at Irish weddings is that Irish brides 3 are carry a real horseshoe with them. Since horseshoes represent 4 good luck, brides are having made to carry these with the hope that 5 their luck will never runs out. Today, this custom is slightly modified 6 with brides carrying on a horseshoe made of fabric on their wrist. 7 Generally, no other Irish wedding would be complete without 8 a music band. Many of typically Irish weddings would have 9 popular Irish songs such as Irish Wedding Song 10 or My Favorite Irish Rose. A traditional Irish cake would too 11 mean a yummy cake that is filled in with almonds, raisins and 12 even topped with cherries! Many more times, a piper is definitely 13 hired for Irish weddings. Irish people are also known for 14 their love of relaxing and drinking as well as. The fun element is also 15 added in many Irish weddings with the inclusion of the magic 16 hanky. This the bride has to carry the magic hanky, which can be 17 turned into a bonnet with a few stitches for the couple's first baby. 18 There they are certain other distinctive traditions that are seen at Irish 19 weddings such as like the use of kilts, the Claddagh ring, bagpipes 20 and special Irish wedding toasts.

(http://www.buzzle.com/articles/)

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http://www.buzzle.com/articles/


You are going to read a text about special occasions in families where there are sick people. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the correct forms of the words in brackets. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There might be cases when you don't have to change the given word. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Enjoying Special Occasions

Holidays and special occasions can bring out the best and the worst in us. The prospect of (0) wonderful (wonder), happy times abound and fill us with somewhat (1) (real) hopes for our relationships. Add to the normal tensions of holidays, the image of someone you love being ill or incapacitated, and you have the makings of very difficult times. Caregivers may have (2) (usual) high expectations during holidays and special occasions. Knowing that this might be a last birthday, anniversary, etc., caregivers may feel enormous (3) (press) to make this time especially significant. Careful planning can make these times easier. First and foremost, we need to try and think about what we really want to happen. Are you looking to have a quiet day? Is it (4) (importance) to have anyone in particular with you? If you choose to have company at these times, make it as easy as possible. Don't assume all the (5) (responsible). Ask your loved one what he feels up to. Most people usually like to have those they love, and feel (6) (comfort) around, with them. Limit these occasions to family members and a few close friends. Keeping your level of (7) (expect) realistic will make the day go more smoothly for you, your loved one, extended family and friends. Remember that whatever you choose to do this year does not need to be the same as the past or the same in the future. The best (8) (advise) for caregivers is to be realistic. Let others know how they can make the holidays easier for you. Don't overdo it. Try to read, eat well and get some time alone. We cannot predict what tomorrow will bring for anyone, so enjoy this day without requiring it to be perfect. Let yourself dispense with the (9) " " (institution) nature of the holidays and look for ways to make the day (10) (mean) for yourself and for your loved ones.

(http://www. caregiver, com) (By Jennifer Kay, L. C.S.W.)

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0 B2 - "School'' You are going to read a text about what schools could do with parents who are not supporting them to maintain discipline. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to choose the appropriate word from the list (A-L) for each gap (1-10) in the text. Write the appropriate letter in the corresponding box. There is one extra word that you do not need to use. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Ed Balls Has Promised to Tackle Parents' Behaviour in Schools

Children's Secretary Ed Balls has promised to tackle parents who refuse to accept that teachers have a right to discipline their children. Some headteachers put (0) E pupils in detention only for the parents to march into class and demand that their children be (1) to leave, according to Mr Balls. He has asked the Government's school behaviour adviser Sir Alan Steer to (2) how heads can work with parents who challenge their authority. Speaking to heads at the National College for School Leadership conference in Birmingham, Mr Balls will say: "Schools are doing a fantastic job of turning around poor behaviour, which is crucial to (3) results. However, we need parents to (4) to play their part. When I talk to heads they say behaviour is one of their main concerns. Some talk of (5) detentions to pupils only for the parent to come in and demand their child is let off." So whilst the (6) majority of parents work really well with schools, a small minority are not supporting heads to maintain (7) . "I have asked Sir Alan Steer, as part of his review of behaviour in schools, to look at some ideas to help heads work (8) these parents." Improving discipline is seen as key to the Government's drive to raise standards in 638 secondary schools where more than 70% of pupils fail to get five C grades in their GCSEs. Sir Alan, head of Seven Kings High School in Ilford, Essex, is reviewing school behaviour (9) for the Government. He will examine whether parents are more likely to cooperate if they receive regular online reports (10) their children's behaviour.

(http://www.express.co.uk/posts/ ) (Thursday June 19, 2008 )

A investigate B about C giving D ready E unruly F policy G improving H discipline I allowed J with K vast L continue

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http://www.express.co.uk/posts/


Task 6 B2 - "Science and technology" You are going to read a text about the danger of mobile phones. Your task is to write the correct verb forms of the words in brackets. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Addiction to Mobile Phones

Two Spanish children (0) are being treated (to treat) for addiction to mobile phones, in what (1) (to think) to be first case of its kind in the country. The chil-dren, 12 and 13, (2) (to admit) to a mental health clinic by their parents because they could not carry out normal activities without their phones. The children were failing at school and, behind their parents' backs, (3) (to deceive) relatives to try to get money to pay for the phone cards. Both spent an average of six hours a day on the phone, talking, texting or playing video games. Dr Maite Utges, director of the Child and Youth Mental Health Centre in Lleida, north-east Spain, where the children are being treated, said: "It is the first time we (4) (to use) a specific treatment to cure a dependence on the mobile phone. "They both showed disturbed behaviour and this (5) (to exhibit) itself in failure at school. They both (6) (to have) serious difficulties leading nor-mal lives." She added: "When it (7) (to reach) such a level of dependency it is not easy for children of this age to suddenly stop using the phone." Before they (8) (to start) treatment both had their own phones for 18 months and were not controlled by their parents. "One paid for their phone by getting money from the grandmother and other family members, without explaining what they (9) (to go) to do with it," said Utges. The children (10) (to learn) to live without their phones for the past three months, but Utges, a child psychiatrist, said they might need at least a year of treatment to get them off the "drug".

(http: //www. guardian, co. uk/world/)

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Task 7 B2 - "Travel" You are going to read a text about the Dead Sea. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the missing word. Use only one word in each gap. Write

our answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

The Dead Sea

The Dead Sea, or Sea of Salt as it is also (0) called , is a huge salt lake that can be found between the West Bank and Israel (1) the west and Jordan to the east. The shores of the Dead Sea are the lowest point or surface of the earth (2) is on dry land! It is the world's second saltiest body of water... just imagine, it is nine times (3) than the Mediterranean Sea and almost that much saltier than the ocean, can you believe that? The Dead Sea has been an attraction for visitors from around the Mediterranean basin 14) thousands of years, it is even the place where the Biblical King David found refuge; it was the world's first health resort and has been a supplier of different goods for a long (5) . There is only one major source of water that flows into the Dead Sea and that is the Jordan River. The climate around the Dead Sea is one that would appeal to many people, 16) are sunny skies all year long and the air is very dry and relatively pollu-tion free; and the (7) region gets very little ultraviolet radiation. The Dead Sea is called dead because the salt content in the water is (8) high that creaturcs find it impossible to live in it, exccpt for some microbial fungi. Actually there was one time when the sea did temporarily come to life; it was an unusual winter 19) a lot of rainfall that caused the salinity levels of the Dead Sea to decrease. This resulted in the water changing to a red colour. Upon being studied, they found out that it was a type of algae that could live in the water. However, it did not last very long and (10) that year (1980) the phenomenon has not happened again.

(h ttp://www. buzzle. com/)

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Task 8 B2 - "Science and technology" Read this article about genetics. Some words are missing from the text. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options (A-D) for each gap (1-10) in the text. Write the appropriate letter in the corresponding box. There is an example (0) for you.

Genetics Today

Genetics began by being ignored. Now it has the opposite problem. Today genes are (0) B and the public is fascinated by their promises and disturbed by their threats. Scientists have been quick to emphasize both. The last decade's advances (1) amazing. We have the complete sequence of the DNA letters of the 60, working genes, and will soon have that of all the so-called "junk" DNA sequence, (2) may reveal that it does more than its name implies). 10,000 different diseases have an inherited component, and - in principle at least - we know the genes involved. That raises (3) hopes and fears. Those who inherit a disposition towards certain forms of cancer, for example, can be helped by surgery (4) before the disease appears. The most successful kind of medicine has always been prevention (5) cure. Genetics is no different, and the hope of replacing damaged DNA by gene ther-apy is still around the corner, (6) it has been for the past ten years. Genetic surgery - the ability to snip out pieces of DNA and move them to new places - has done remarkable things, but so far has done little to cure disease. It might, though, help prevent the world's population from starving, at least according to enthusiasts (7) genetically modified (GM) foods. They may be right. It has proved remarkably easy to move plant genes around. Already (8) crops that have been altered to make them resistant to parasites, or to artificial weedkillers. Commercial optimism has, in Europe if not the United States, been matched by public concerns about health risks. Why people are worried by the remote risk that GM foods (9) be dangerous to eat when they are happy to eat cheeseburgers that defi-nitely are, mystifies scientists, but science is less important than what consumers are will-ing to accept. (10) attitudes change, the hope of putting genes for, say, essen-tial nutrients into Third World crops will probably not be fulfilled.

(h ttp://www. 2 Is teen tury. co. uk/science/ )

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9 B2 - "People and society" V«« are going to read a text about friendship. Some words are missing from the n t Your task is to choose the appropriate word from the list (A-L) for each gap 1-10) in the text. Write the appropriate letter in the corresponding box. There is »e extra word that you do not need to use. There is an example (0) at the

irsinning.

Friends and Friendship

A lot of people go through life with only a few friends. It seems that some have in H than that. They have no one on whom they can call in good times or bad.

There is no one to whom to talk about deep and troubling (1) . They have mo one to call in times of need or difficulty. They are at the mercy of life, standing alone. Cithers seem to have a multitude of friends. Wherever they go, people know them, and ;ke to be around them. (2) trouble strike, their biggest hesitation might be

over which friend to call. They know exactly the person with whom to discuss the topics of inquiry and debate. Life is (3) entertaining and invigorating relationships because it is full of friends. There (4) to be a course in school on friendship. Of course, some people are perfectly happy to operate with fewer friends. They would rather have a few deep and loyal friends than many superficial ones. Others thrive (5) when friends are everywhere and numerous. Friendship is a blessing, and a friend is the channel through whom great emotional, spiritual, and sometimes even physical blessings flow. Friends can (6) us when we're sorrowful or depressed. Friends can challenge us when we allow ourselves to get beyond our reasonable boundaries. Friends can (7) us when we're ready to give in, and they can provide (8) us when life falls apart. They are there when all is well, and we want someone with whom to share life's pleasant and memorable (9) . We often just want them around to have a good time, to laugh, to act silly, to enjoy some mutually liked activity. In how many ways have friends enriched our lives and made us feel loved, accepted, respected and cared for? Probably, too many (10) list, and the list grows daily.

(http://www.heartlight.org)

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http://www.heartlight.org


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Task 10 B2 - "Lifestyle You are going to read a text about attitudes and abilities. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the correct forms of the words in brackets. There might be cases when you don't have to change the given word. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Attitudes and Abilities

"Attitudes are the real (0) disability (disable)", says Henry Holden, a well-known (1) (comedy) and advocate for the disabled. Education is clearly important in this respect, but (2) (irony), schools themselves have much to do in improving how they deal with disabled students. For the past few decades, schools have taken on increasing (3) (responsible) for educating youth with disabilities and mainstreaming them into regular classrooms. A lot of countries have, or are currently preparing, laws that ensure full access to education for all students, although with (4) (vary) degrees of focus. While many schools have introduced services like remedial (5) (instruct), special classrooms and on-site therapists, there are still gaps. Some countries classify special needs as those relating only to students with medical disabilities like (6) (blind) or autism, but not those with emotional or learning disorders, or (7) (gift) students. A recent report by the OECD Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) identifies legal and (8) (finance) frameworks that (9) (courage) inclusion and equity, discusses why more male students seem to get educational resources for disabilities, and takes a look at the (10) (participate) of students with disabilities in PISA, the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment. By comparing different approaches in a purely objective way, this report helps policymakers and school districts learn how to continue changing attitudes and improve the lives of disabled people too.

(h ttp: //www. oecdobserver. org/)

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Task 11 B2 - "Family life" You are going to read a text about the advantages of the nuclear family. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the missing word. Use only one word in each gap. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Advantages of the Traditional Nuclear Family

The traditional nuclear family basically (0) is made up of a father, mother and a cou-ple of children or so, and hence is compact and small. In recent decades, this tradition-al form of the family (1) undergone major changes, with increasing rates of divorce leading to (2) -parent families and remarriages. These trends and the resulting problems that they cause, especially for the children, have brought the advantages of traditional nuclear families back into focus. Children raised in a family with the same parents (3) their growing years have a higher likelihood of having stability in (4) relationships. With both the father and the mother, children get a better sense of (5) is acceptable and unacceptable, as far as behaviour is concerned, especially when both par-ents look after their nurturing. In a nuclear family, children usually get far (6) extensive training in life skills. For instance, mothers usually teach their children relationship skills, like emo-tional response skills and how to have smooth relations with others, while fathers, in general, teach their children handiwork skills and sports skills, (7) fixing things around the house or hitting a baseball, as well as how to deal with the world out-side. With two parents sharing the responsibility of raising the children, it enables one parent to take time to pursue other interests or get a rest (8) the other parent plays or works with the children. Children that are raised in a traditional nuclear family also tend to take on some of the sharing of the responsibilities, (9) as older sib-lings taking care of younger siblings. In a nuclear family, such roles are usually per-formed by expectation and example, (10) than formal instruction.

(http://www. buzzle. com/articles/) (By Rita Putatunda

Published: 1/13/2008)

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|Task 12 B2 - "School" Read this article about how two American students used their knowledge to cheat. In most lines there is one word that should not be there. It is either grammatically incorrect or it does not fit with the meaning of the text. If there is an extra word, write it on the corresponding line. Some lines are correct. Indicate these lines with a tick (V). There are two examples (0) and (00) for you.

Teens Charged With Loading Spyware, Changing Grades

Two Californian teenagers have had been charged with breaking 0 had into high school offices and using stolen usernames and 00 S passwords to change lackluster grades to the A's. 1 Omar Khan and Tanvir Singh, who both 18, are facing multiple 2 felony charges was following a series of break-ins at Tesoro High 3 School in Rancho Santa Margarita, California. Khan was 4 arrested on Monday, and Singh was expected to turn up himself 5 into court on Tuesday for arraignment. 6 According to prosecutors, Khan had changed the D's and C's 7 he was receiving in Spanish, Calculus and English to 8 two A's and a B+. He's also charged with stealing any tests 9 before they had been given and was using a stolen username 10 and password to break into school computers and change 11 the grades of 12 other students. He is also alleged to have been installed spyware software on the 12 computer which hosting the school district's grades database so 13 that he could remotely access this system. 14 If convicted, Khan could be sentenced to 38 years in the prison. 15 Singh, who faces a fewer charges, faces three years in 16 prison. He's charged with breaking into the school with 17 Khan in order to steal an English test on May 19. According 18 to court filings he was sent a text message to Khan around 4 p.m. 19 planning the crime. "Hey wanna go to the school this tonight," he 20 wrote. "I need someone with balls there with me."

(h ttp ://www.pcworld.com/busin esse en ter/article/) (Robert McMillan, IDG News Service

Wednesday, June 18, 2008 5:30 PM PDT)

http://www.pcworld.com/busin


[Task 13 B2 - "Lifestyle" You are going to read a text about shopping addiction. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to choose the appropriate word from the list (A-L) for each gap (1-10) in the text. Write the appropriate letter in the corresponding box. There is one extra word that you do not need to use. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Shopping Addiction

People use what is (0) C retail therapy as a way of enjoying themselves. They normally buy items for which they have a need or have developed a (1) for. Compulsive ?r addictive shopping is not like that, it is a form of behaviour designed to avoid unpleas-ant (2) , and the sufferer loses control and buys many items for which they have no need. The adrenaline rush, the fantasy which surrounds the episode and everything which (3) the actual spending spree all add to the sense of unreality which ?rings a false sense of freedom (4) life's problems. It is difficult to ascertain the full extent of this problem as statistics have not been com-piled, although it is known that more people are (5) this as a problem and seeking professional help. The consequences of shopping addiction are obvious: high levels of debt, fear of dis-covery and retribution leading (6) more denial and desperate acts to cover up the behaviour. For those closely connected to the sufferer life (7) fright-ening and unpredictable with a growing sense of uselessness and the (8) that the sufferer is deliberately causing chaos and a feeling of desperation sets in. Many sufferers are multi-addicted, often abusing (9) drugs or alcohol in addi-tion to their compulsive spending. The despair can be ended through successful treatment and people can be restored to normal (10) . As with other addictions, success follows an honest admission of the problem and then seeking help from others.

(http://www. addictions, co. uk/)

A reality B life C called D precedes E belief F having G desire H from I prescribed J becomes K identifying L to

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Task 14 B2 - "Lifestyle Read this article about what effect television watching may have on puberty. In most lines there is one word that should not be there. It is either grammatically incorrect or it does not fit with the meaning of the text. If there is an extra word, write it on the corresponding line. Some lines are correct. Indicate these lines with a tick (•/). There are two examples (0) and (00) for you.

Television Watching May Hasten Puberty

Children who watch a lot of television produce less 0 melatonin, which has been linked to the timing of the puberty. 00 the Scientists at the University of Florence in Italy has found 1 that when youngsters were deprived of their watching TV sets, 2 computers and video games, their melatonin production 3 increased by an average of 30 per cent. 4 "Girls are reaching puberty much more earlier than in the 1950s. 5 One reason is due to their average increase in weight; 6 but another may have be due to reduced levels of melatonin," 7 suggests Roberto Salti, who was led the study. 8 "Animal studies have been shown that low melatonin levels 9 have an very important role in promoting an early 10 onset of puberty." 11 During the subsequent seven-day experiment, while 12 the children were not allowed to watch TV and own their 13 families were also asked to reduce the use of 14 other sources of artificial light. At the end of the whole week, 15 the children's melatonin levels had being risen by an 16 average of 30 per cent, and so the effect was most 17 pronounced in the youngest children. 18 The mechanism behind melatonin production is not poorly - 19 understood. But even it is thought that prolonged exposure to 20 artificial light reduces the body's production of melatonin, 21 whereas to experiencing regular intervals of natural sunlight 22 and darkness increases it.

(http://www.newscientist.com/)

4tT)

http://www.newscientist.com/


L ask 15 B2 - "Lifestyle" You are going to read a funny text about how to save petrol costs. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the missing word. Use only one word in each gap. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

A Few Tips on Saving Petrol

Petrol prices have increased and so, as a consequence, have living costs, food costs, all costs. We can gripe and complain and rant (0) till/until our faces turn purple but it is not going to change anything. Why not find ways to cut our petrol costs instead? I have been thinking about it (1) a while and have devised these steps to cut petrol costs. Try it and you may just like it! 1. When going to work, ask any colleague who lives near you to pick you up because "my car has (2) down and is at the mechanics for the next two months". Remember to put on an Oscar performance and make sure you hide the car somewhere so 13) the colleague won't see it. 2. Use your parents' car whenever going anywhere other (4) work - the downside, you'll probably have to take them along too! And check the meter first, if the petrol is down, don't use it until they have (5) topped it up. 3. For single girls - now is the time to be on the lookout for eligible men with cars. Flutter your eyelashes, flash some legs, whatever, as long as you have the guy, you can easily get the car keys from him, drive till the petrol is out and then hand it back to him and tell him to fill it (6) . Easy. You don't even have to take him along. 4. For bachelors - now is the time to look for a single lonely and rich career woman who does not mind driving you around. Too bad, you probably will (7) to take her along wherever you want to go because women do not trust their property with men even if you show your hairy chest and bulging biceps. 5. Move in with your inlaws - and offer to take (8) anywhere in their car. If the petrol is low, pretend to be very busy (cleaning the house, watering the garden, building a fort, etc.) and let them fill it up again before (9) their car again. See? It wasn't so difficult to save petrol costs after all. If all else fail and you still could not save petrol costs, you (10) have no choice but to employ the ultimate, 100 percent guaranteed save petrol measure: sell off your car and walk/cycle.

(http://foongsite.com/index.php/)

0 till/until 6 1 7 2 8 3 9 4 10 5

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• U S E OF E N G L I S H

|Task 16 B2 - "Free time and culture" You are going to read a text about drugs in sports. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to choose the appropriate word from the list (A-L) for each gap (1-10) in the text. Write the appropriate letter in the corresponding box. There is one extra word that you do not need to use. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

Drugs in Sports

Drugs in sports have always (0) H a controversial topic. Because the athletic arena is centered on performance and achievement, a large emphasis is placed on hard work, concentration, and sacrifice. For many athletes and sports fans, it is simply (1) that some athletes take performance-enhancing drugs to reach their goals. Recent athletic history has been stormy when it comes to the issue. The problem of drugs in sports simply does not go away, and even promises to intensify as science discovers more and more substances that can (2) athletic performance. Such substances are often hard to (3) through current drug tests. One of the most controversial of athletes when it (4) to performance-enhancing drugs is Barry Bonds. In 2004 the San Francisco Chronicle ran a story alleging that Bonds had been (5) human growth hormone, insulin and a drug for female infertility that can be used to mask steroid use. Bonds has been vehement in his denials for the most part, though he admits that he may have been (6) performance-enhancing drugs without his knowledge. Another athlete that is constantly (7) fire for drug use is Lance Armstrong, the legendary cyclist. Although Armstrong has proven time and again that he was, before his retirement, the premiere cyclist in the world, he is not (8) critics. Some competitors contend that Armstrong achieved his supremacy through more (9) means, although this has never been proven conclusively. Armstrong passed all his drug tests with flying colors. It is clear that the problem of drugs in sports will not go away soon. However, as the sporting public becomes more and more aware (10) the situation, the greater are the chances of being able to solve this problem.

(http://www.druglibrary.org/library/)

A affect B of C given D using E unacceptable F without G detect H been I effect J artificial K comes L under

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£ ask 17 B2 - "Work' Read this article about what jobs women could have in ancient Egypt. Some words are missing from the text. Choose the most appropriate answer from the options (A-D) for each gap (1-10) in the text. Write the appropriate letter in the corresponding box. There is an example (0) for you.

Women's Jobs in Egypt

According to tomb scenes it (0) C that most ancient Egyptian women worked in the home where they are clearly shown (1) domestic work; their "light skins" indicate that they must have spent most of their time indoors. Whereas the men were always painted with brown skins, an indication that they predominantly worked outdoors. However, these scenes-are most likely to have been idealistic, (2) realistic and should be viewed as such. In truth, evidence clearly suggests that (3) was paid work available for women and those of a better education would have been quite capable (4) taking up professional posts, usually as administrators or supervisors. Skilled women also entered the weaving, mourning and music businesses, whilst unskilled women often took work (5) domestic helpers. Though it has to be said that, in general, women performed these tasks for other women in private or royal households and there is no evidence that women ever supervised male workers, (6) the most senior of royal women. One such recorded occupation was that of "Judge and Vizier to the Pharaoh", held by Lady Nebet of the Old Kingdom. A vizier was (7) person after the king, acting as his "right hand man". It is thought, (8) , that Nebet's husband actually officiated in the post whilst she held the title. Taking up a career in entertainment was another particularly good job for women, as musicians and dancers were always (9) . Two reknowned musicians in the Old Kingdom were Hekenus and Iti. These women were so popular that they even had their act (10) on the wall of a tomb. This was a particularly great honour as usually only members of the deceased's family were included in the scenes.

(http://www.ancientnile.co.uk/ )

0 A will appear B is appearing C would appear D appeared 1 A doing B make C making D do 2 A more than B rather like C rather than D rather 3 Ai t B there C - D here 4 A in B to C o f D by 5 A for B like C with D as 6 A except for B expect C accept for D expect for 7 A most powerful B more powerful C powerful D the most powerful 8 A nevertheless B however C whatever D moreover 9 A in great need B great demand C great need D in great demand 10 A a paint B painting C painted D been painted

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iTask 18 B2 - "Environment" You are going to read a text about green homes. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to choose the appropriate word from the list (A-O) for each gap (1-13) in the text. There is one extra word that you do not need to use. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

What Is a Green Home?

Green homes are (0) J constructed in many areas by single-family and custom home builders. They are much healthier for both the residents and the environment, but that doesn't mean you have to start over to get an energy efficient home. There are many things you can do to convert your traditional home (1) greener living. Look around your home for things you use everyday that may be using (2) energy. Leaks in your home are the biggest energy wasters. Check (3) the attic and basement, around doors, windows, plumbing and pipes and electrical outlets for air leaks. Seal these leaks. Another energy waster is light bulbs. Replace all of the bulbs or at least most of them in your home with compact florescent light bulbs. A big way to save (4) your electric bill can be found (5) adjusting your thermostat a few degrees lower or higher. Set the thermostat to 26 degrees or higher in the summer and 18 degrees or lower in the winter when you aren't home. An easy way to do this is to install a programmable thermostat. You can (6) the thermostat to return to a more comfortable temperature (7) you come home so you don't have to wait for it to warm up or cool down. More extensive ways to save money and live better are (8) for your home. (9) your heating system checked and tuned every year (10) two can be costly, but will save money over the year. Another way to spend money, but end up with savings (11) the end of the year is to hire a certified Home Energy Rater. These people can let you know exactly (12) those air leaks are and how to stop them. They may be able to find hidden cracks or leaks that you would never know about. These specialists can cost a couple hundred dollars, but this is easily saved in your monthly energy bill. An energy efficient home is a safe home for (13) you and the environment. Not only will your green home help preserve our planet, but it will save you money.

(http://ezinearticles. com/) A having B for C available D where E at F or G excess H on I set J being K both L in M before N by O have

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£ ask 19 'Family life" You are going to read a text about how parents can improve their relationship with their teenage children. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to write the correct forms of the words in brackets. There might be cases when you don't have to change the given word. Write your answers on the corresponding lines below. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

How Should Parents Treat Their Adolescent Children?

It's not easy to raise a young teen. Many outside influences distract our children and complicate our efforts. Exhaustion, (0) anxiety (anxious), a lack of support and limited resources may make it hard for us to be all that we want to be for our children. But whatever the challenges, we share one aim: to do the best job possible as parents. Young adolescents often aren't great (1) (communicate), particularly with their parents and other adults who love them. Young teens often feel they can talk with anyone better than their parents - even wonderful parents. They tend to be (2) (privacy). They don't (3) (necessary) want to tell their parents what they did at school during the day. Many (4) (psychology) have found, however, that when parents know where their children are and what they are doing (and when the adolescent knows the parent knows, what psychologists call monitoring), adolescents are at a lower risk from a range of bad experiences, (5) (include) drug, alcohol and tobacco use; sexual (6) (behave) and pregnancy; and delinquency and (7 ) (violent). The key, according to psychologists, is to be inquisitive but not interfering, working to respect your child's privacy as you establish trust and (8 ) (close). Sometimes the less you offer (9) (advise), the more your young teen may ask you for it. It's easiest to communicate with a young teen if you established this habit when your child was little. But it's not (10) (possible) to improve communication when your child reaches early adolescence.

(http://www.athealth. com/)

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Task 20 B2 - "Family life You are going to read a text about global warming. Some words are missing from the text. Your task is to choose the appropriate word from the list (A-L) for each gap (1-10) in the text. There is an extra word that you do not need to use. There is an example (0) at the beginning.

What Are the Consequences of Global Warming?

Never mind what you've heard about global warming as a slow-motion emergency that would take (0) K to play out. Suddenly and unexpectedly, the crisis is upon us. From heat waves to storms, to floods, to fires, to (1) glacial melts, the glo-bal climate seems to be crashing around us. It's (2) the north and south poles - where ice cover is crumbling to slush -that the crisis is being felt the most acutely. Last year, for example, researchers analyzed data from Canadian and European satellites and found that the Greenland ice sheet is not only melting, but doing so faster and faster, with 53 cubic miles draining away into the sea last year alone, (3) to 23 cubic miles in 1996. As fast as global warming is changing the oceans and ice caps, it's (4) an even more immediate effect on land. Droughts are increasingly common as higher tem-peratures also bake moisture out of soil faster, (5) dry regions that live at the margins to tip into full-blown crisis. Wildfires in such sensitive regions as Indonesia, the western U.S. and even inland Alaska have been occurring with (6) frequency as timberlands grow more parched. Those forests that don't succumb to fire can simply die from thirst. With (7) crashing, the animals that call them home are succumbing, too. In Alaska, salmon populations are faltering. Small animals such as bushy tailed rats, and chipmunks are being chased upslope by (8) temperatures, until they at last have no place to run. And with sea ice vanishing, polar bears are starting to turn up drowned. "There will be no polar ice (9) 2060," says Larry Schweiger, president of the National Wildlife Federation. "Somewhere along that path, the polar bear drops out." So much environmental collapse (10) at last awakened much of the world, particularly the 141 nations that have ratified the Kyoto treaty to reduce emissions.

(http://edition.cnn.com/2006/)

A at B causing C compared D have E increased F has G rising H having I massive J habitats K decades L by

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Hallott szöveg értése

L I S T E N I N G

|Task 1 A2 - "Lifestyle" CD 1 - Track 2| fc You are going to hear about the importance of breakfast.

Your task will be to complete the answers to the questions. • First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. * Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again.

At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. h There is an example (0) for you.

The Importance of Breakfast

0 How much of our daily energy needs should breakfast provide? It should provide about 20-25% of our daily energy needs.

1 How many calories do we need to get from breakfast? We need around calories.

2 What are the main types of food breakfast should include? , , and are the necessary

parts of a good breakfast. 3 Which food group helps us to keep alert and focused?

like milk, yogurt and nuts. 4 What are high-fibre products good for?

They on fewer calories and help to bad cholesterol. 5 What do fruit and vegetables provide energy for?

They provide the necessary nutrients for our and .

flask 2 A2 - "Work" CD 1 - Track 31 it You are going to hear some information about male and female dominated jobs. h You must give short answers (maximum 5 words) to the questions below. Jt First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers,

tr There is an example (0) for you.

Top Ten Male and Female Dominated Occupations

0 What were various occupations like in 2004? They were still almost completely male or female dominated.

1 In which jobs do men dominate? in

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2 How are men and women represented in higher and academic level positions?

3 What is the share of women in male dominated occupations?

4 Where do women typically work?

5 What proportion of people employed in care for the elderly, the mentally handi-capped and the sick were males?

6 Where was the most balanced gender distribution found?

0 'Family life" CD 1 - Track 4 You are going to hear an interview with Heather, who has been chosen the single mom of the week. You must decide if the statements below are true, false or you don't know because the text does not say. Write A, B or C in the box after each statement. Write A if the statement is true, write B if the statement is false, write C if the text does not say. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

Single Mom of the Week

0 Heather has divorced twice. A 1 She met her second husband after her first divorce. 2 Her job is as important for her as her children. 3 Her son likes video games and snowboarding. 4 Her elder daughter is good at school. 5 Both of her daughters like playing with toys. 6 She is very strong because she has a full time job. 7 Although she is a single mother, she is rarely stressed and angry. 8 She asked for money from a bank because she wants to buy a house. 9 She loves her job. 10 She believes that having children can give strength to single moms.

ED

L I S T E N I N G

iTask 4 A2 - "Environment" CD 1 - Track 5 * You are going to hear some information about recycling. t You must write the letter of the correct answer in the corresponding box. It First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. h Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. h At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. # There is an example (0) for you.

Recycling of Household Waste

0 In 2003/04 million tons of waste were produced in the United Kingdom. a) 13.5 b) 30.5 c) 305

1 How much waste was collected for recycling in 2003/04 in the UK? a) 50% b) 17% c) 30.5%

2 In the UK the amount of recycled waste is in neighbouring EU countries. a) less than b) more than c) about the same as

3 One recycled would save enough energy to power a light bulb for 3 hours. a) tin can b) glass bottle c) plastic bottle

4 Making paper from raw material requires energy than recycling it. a) much more b) much less c) a bit more

5 % of the rubbish could be composted. a) 16 b) 50 c) 60

6 If recycling wasn't so difficult, people would do it. a) no more b) just few more c) many more

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0 "People and society'' CD 1 - Track 6 • You are going to hear a text about left-handed people.

Your task will be to give short answers to the questions below. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording.

• Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. # At the end, you will have some time to check your answers.

There is an example (0) for you.

Being Left-Handed

0 How many hands are used during typing in the conventional manner? two

1 The number of English words typed only with the left hand:

2 The reason(s) why the members of the Scottish Kerr Clan were mainly left-handed:

3 How many US Presidents have been left-handed?

4 According to a UK study, what are lefties more likely to get?

5 Which animals are said to be left-handed as well?

iTask 6 A2 - "School" CD 1 - Track 71 # You are going to hear about how difficult it is for a mother to decide what to do

with children's school memories. $ Your task will be to fill the gaps in the sentences according to the text with one

or two words. $ First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. t Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. % At the end, you will have some time to check your answers.


School Memories

0 There are only a few weeks left before the end of the school year.

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1 Towards the end of the school year pupils' backpacks are full of and art projects.

2 The teacher collects the the children keep at school.

3 The biggest problem is where all the papers.

4 She needs boxes to store all those papers.

5 It's great to look through old school work, which brings back a lot of

iTask 7 A2 - "Free time and culture" CD 1 - Track ä # You are going to hear some information about the performance of the Hungarian

State Folk Ensemble in America. # You must give short answers (maximum 5 words) to the questions below. $ First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. it Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again, it At the end, you will have some time to check your answers, it There is an example (0) for you.

Hungarian Folk Ensemble Presents Display of Music and Dance

0 When does the performance of the Hungarian State Folk Ensemble start? at 7.30/half past 7 p.m.

1 Who will the performance be accompanied by?

2 When was the Ensemble founded?

3 How many countries have they performed in? _

4 Where is the performance material taken from?

5 Which composers did the gypsy sounds inspire?

6 How much do students have to pay for a ticket one hour before the performance?

ITask 8 A2 - "Free time and culture" CD 1 - Track 81 # You are going to hear a text about the Hungarian State Folk Ensemble, it Your task will be to decide if the statements are true or false according to the text, it First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'U hear the

recording.

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Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.


0 The Hungarian State Folk Ensemble performs on 20 February. 1 The Folk Ensemble performs Hungarian music and dances. 2 The Ensemble was established in 1950. 3 Although they have performed in more than 44 countries, this will be their first tour

in North America. 4 The choreography material is authentic. 5 Student tickets for the concert are $32. 6 On the day of the performance all tickets are cheaper.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 True

0 B1 - "School' CD 1 - Track 9 You are going to hear a text about dyscalculia. Your task will be to match the sentence halves. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

What Is Dyscalculia?

0 A person with dyscalculia has difficulties with... A infants 0 K 1 Affected people perform well in... B Bristol 1 2 Number of UK citizens having dyscalculia: C slower 2

3 These people cannot remember... D the unpleasant emotions 3

4 The group of 9-year-old pupils did not like maths because of... E a stroke 4

5 They notice when the number of objects change F about 3 million 5

6 According to scientists our maths abilities can be found... G other areas 6

7 Scientist Brian Butterworth's book is called: H near the ears 7 8 Signora Gaddi got dyscalculia after... I Mathematical Brain 8

9 The world's largest maths experiment was carried out in...

J phone numbers, dates, etc.

9

10 Boys were ... than girls at some types of maths. K numbers 10

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iTask 2 B1 - "Work" CD 1 - Track 101 h In this section, you are going to hear some advice on how to choose a career

wisely. # Your task is to give short answers to the questions. $ First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. % Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. # At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. $ There is an example (0) for you.

The Top 5 Steps for Choosing a Career

0 How many reasons are there why choosing a career is more difficult today? Three

1 How many steps can ensure that we make a good choice?

2 What is the key element for us to start with?

3 Which can we obtain by learning: skills or talent?

4 What are you more likely to enjoy doing?

5 How can we test if a job fits our values and preferences?

6 Does a high initial salary mean you will have the best chance to become excellent at the job?

7 How much of your pay is it advisable to put away?

ITask 3 B1 - "Free time and culture" CD 1 - Track 111 $ You are going to hear some information about hobbies and interests. ir You must write the letter of the correct answer in the corresponding box. $ First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. * Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. <j| At the end, you will have some time to check your answers.


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List of Hobbies and Interests

0 If we didn't have hobbies,... a) we wouldn't have feelings. b) aliens would live on our planet. c) we would be like colour-blind creatures. d) our life would be dull.

1 We take up hobbies because... a) we don't like our daily routine. b) we have a lot of free time. c) we want to keep a balance between our worktime and free time. d) we are very busy.

2 There are small children who.. . a) have their meals in front of the computer. b) don't like eating in the kitchen. c) don't like being disturbed. d) are angry when they play a computer game.

3 Teenagers... a) always change their hobbies. b) often collect things about celebrities. c) never do extreme sports. d) use their computers only for playing games.

4 If you live in a mountainous area,... a) you have to like mountain climbing. b) you may be interested in plants, animals living anywhere in the world. c) you may be interested in plants, animals, birds which live in the area. d) one of your hobbies must be taking photos.

5 Your hobby is often influenced by.. . a) your patience. b) an artist or a sportsperson. c) your personality. d) your children.

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Task 4 B1 - "Lifestyle" CD 1 - Track 12 You are going to hear some information about how important it is for family members to eat together. You must decide if the statements are true, false or you don't know because the text does not say. Write A, B or C in the box after each statement.

% Write A if the statement is true, write B if the statement is false, write C if the text does not say. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again.

# At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

Bringing Your Family Back to the Table

0 Students who eat with their families eat more fruits but less vegetables than those who don't usually have meals together with their family mem-bers.

0 B

1 Students who eat dinner with their families twice a week are five times as likely to get A's as teens who eat with their family less than twice a week.

1

2 You should eat together once a week as much as you can. 2

3 After discussing it with the children, parents have to decide on the rules of the family meals.

3

4 Family members have to talk about the clothes they wear during the meals. 4

5 Being together is more important than the food you eat. 5

6 Children are more likely to eat fruits and vegetables if parents see them. 6

7 You should always prepare a meal at the weekend. 7

8 In order to keep the conversation positive, you shouldn't talk about school. 8

9 Always turn off your mobile during the meal. 9

10 For many families breakfast time is more suitable to eat together than any other time of the day.

10

Task5 B1 - "Lifestyle" CD 1 - Track 12 # You are going to hear a text about family meals, it Your task will be to choose the best answers.

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* First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording.

* Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. * At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. * There is an example (0) for you.


0 Children who eat with their families... a) have healthier diets. b) have less fruits and vegetables. c) have less free time. d) usually eat much more.

1 For a start, families should have... a) only breakfast together. b) only dinner together. c) just one meal a week together. d) just a snack together.

2 Parents should talk to their children not only about the meals but... a) about good manners. b) about their school achievements. c) about bad behaviour. d) about the day.

3 If children see their parents eat fruit and vegetables, they... a) will not eat snacks any more. b) they will probably also eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. c) will accept them as well. d) they will have only one good meal a day.

4 If you involve children in the whole process,... a) they will eat up everything on their plates. b) they are more likely to eat these meals. c) you will be able to set aside some portions for next day. d) you can do so only at weekends. ~

5 During the meal it is very important... a) what you eat. b) how much you eat. c) that everybody should be listened to. d) to watch TV and talk about the programme.

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6 A family meal is... a) a big meal. b) only dinner. c) simple and enjoyable. d) a boring event.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 A

[Task 6 B1 - "Free time and culture" CD 1 - Track 131 h You are going to hear some information about some very British festivals. * You must fill in the gaps in the sentences below with only one word. H First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. * Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again.

At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

Very British Activities

0 If you take a well-timed visit to Britain, you can enjoy some crazy events. 1 The Olney Pancake Race starts from the Place in Olney. 2 The of the Pancake race must live in Olney. 3 They have to wear a skirt, and head . 4 There are pancake races throughout Britain, but the Olney race is to

be the original. 5 In 1445 a housewife ran all the way to the church with a pancake in

her frying pan. 6 Cheese Rolling is a unique event, which is watched by thousands of . 7 The Double Gloucester cheese measures 30 cm in . 8 At the end if the race the winner gets not only the cheese but a few

and bruises as well. 9 According to one of the theories cheese rolling was a festival. 10 Another theory says that the festival is related to hopes for a good .

Task 7 B1 - "Family life" CD 1 - Track 14 You are going to hear some information about the importance of housework.

# You must give short answers (maximum 5 words) to the questions below.

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First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

Domestic Chores

0 What did a modern woman want her partner to do at least? iron his own shirts

1 What has the postmodern woman made peace with?

2 What do 60% of women find cleaning like?

3 What do women spend only 52 minutes on?

4 What did the majority say about the results of cleaning?

5 How many respondents compared the cleanliness of their home with other people's?

6 How do British women feel when their home is clean and tidy?

iTask 8 B1 - "Environment" CD 1 - Track 151 You are going to hear an interview with Sara Snow, who wants to teach other people how to save energy. You must decide if the statements are true, false or you don't know because the text does not say.

* Write A, B or C in the box after each statement. * Write A if the statement is true, write B if the statement is false, write C if the

text does not say. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording.


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Queen of Green

0 Tim Redmond was Sara Snow s father. A 1 Sara Snow lives in Michigan. 2 Although she has always eaten organic food, 2 years ago she realized she wasn't

as healthy as she had been before.

3 Her brother is older than her.

4 They grew many kinds of fruits and vegetables in their gardens. 5 When she was young, she wore only second hand clothes. 6 They buy organic fruits and vegetables, but they don't buy organic meat. 7 She rarely uses her car. 8 If you take short showers, you can save energy. 9 Even though you try to change your habits, you won't see the result and nothing

will change.

iTask 9 B1 - "Work" CD 1 - Track 161 You are going to hear some information about part-time jobs for teenagers. You must give short answers (maximum 5 words) to the questions below. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

Part-Time Jobs for Teenagers and Young Adults

0 When do American students usually start having part-time jobs? during their high school days

1 What are the most important features of a good baby-sitter? She is .

2 What should a good baby-sitter know how to do?

3 What should she be able to handle?

4 When can a baby-sitter watch TV or listen to the radio?

5 When does a baby-sitter often have to work?

6 What is a popular part-time job among young boys besides doing a paper round?

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" When do newspapers have to be delivered?

8 What can a source of income be for a teenager in winter?

Task 10 B1 - "People and society" CD 1 - Track 17 You are going to hear some information about living with disabilities. You must fill in the gaps in the sentences below with only one word. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you wilLhave some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

Living with Disabilities

0 Having difficulties in walking, seeing or hearing are usually called disabilities. 1 People who have any of these difficulties can also do almost everything but in a

way. 2 People using also compete in sporting events similar to those played

by people who can walk. 3 Someone may have to wear glasses or use a wheelchair, but it doesn't mean that they

are not of learning, growing or maturing. 4 But it can be very difficult for them to have certain or experiences,

eg. go to a place that doesn't have a lift. 5 People with special needs would also like to in different activities. 6 When they need extra time or extra help, you should be .

iTask 11 B1 - "Work" CD 1 - Track 181 ft You are going to hear some information about famous people, ft You must match the statements below to the person they refer to. ft There is one extra statement that does not match any of the people, ft First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. ft Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again, ft At the end, you will have some time to check your answers, ft There is an example (0) for you.

Former Jobs of Celebrities

A Mick Jagger B Clint Eastwood C Whoopi Goldberg D Ozzy Osborne E Sean Connery F Madonna

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0 This person is the lead singer of "The Rolling Stones ". A 1 This person won bronze medal in the Mr Universe contest. 2 Besides being a student, this person worked in a hospital.

3 This person has won 3 Oscars so far.

4 Before the 1980s, this person had several low-paying jobs in New York. 5 This person earned a living by digging swimming pools and he was a gas sta-

tion attendant, too. 6 Although she is a woman, she undertook men's jobs. 7 Being a reality TV star, this person's former job was killing animals. 8 Before beginning a career on stage, this person studied economics. 9 This person comes from Scotland.

10 This person worked for rich and famous people.

Task 12 B1 - "People and society" CD 1 - Track 19 You are going to hear a text about how the author enjoys watching different nations' body language at the airport. You must fill in the gaps in the sentences below with only one word. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

Watch Your Body Language

0 The author enjoys going to airports. 1 Different nationalities cannot always comprehend others' language. 2 Don't touch your eye , because a Saudi will think you're calling him

3 You shouldn't in Sardinia, because there a thumb up has an meaning.

4 For an American "A-Okay" means that the service is , but to a it signifies money.

5 But a Tunisian will think that the American wants to the Japanese.

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iTask 13 B1 - "Travel" CD 1 - Track 201 You are going to hear a text about alternative means of transport. Your task will be to give short answers to the questions after the text. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

Alternative Means of Transport

0 Why is the availability of alternative means of transport very important? (It is important) to maintain older people's mobility.

1 What are the two main characteristics that a means of transport should have to ensure safe travel for older people?

2 What is the drawback of community transport and Dial-a-Ride services?

3 What alternative means of transport do not need a driving licence?

4 In what areas is running small buses useful?

5 Who are Dial-a-Ride services for?

Task 14 B1 - "People and society" CD 1 - Track 21 * You are going to hear some advice on how to make new friends. * Your task will be to choose the best option that answers the question. * First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. * Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. * At the end, you will have some time to check your answers, ft There is an example (0) for you.

Making New Friends

0 What do many people hardly find time to do? A To spend some time with themselves. B To enjoy their time.

1 What is the best thing to make new friends? A You should start talking to strangers today. B You should keep an open mind and be confident in yourself. T\

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2 Where - according to the text - can you meet new people? A In your neighbourhood clubs, school, etc. B At special dating organizations.

3 What qualities attract people? A Simplicity, smiling. B Simple words and a lot of make-up.

4 What should you definitely avoid doing? A Accept people as they are. B Criticize people.

5 How can you keep your new friends? A Call them up frequently. B Relax and wait for their emails or sms.

6 Why is it good if you take the first step? A You can show them you are reliable. B You can keep in touch when it is convenient for you.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 A

iTask 15 B1 - "Travel" CD 1 - Track 221 it You are going to hear a text about car sharing in cities, it Your task will be to match the sentence halves. it First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. it Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again, it At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. ^ There is an example (0) for you.

Car Sharing

0 Car Sharing is supported in... A 25 0 D 1 Percentage of people who use transit more: B less 1 2 Percentage of members who have not bought a car: C 66 2 3 People who share cars drive... D North America 3 4 An average car is driven ... minutes a day. E 1990 4 5 Family income spent on cars was 13.2% in... F 27 5

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L ask 16 B1 - "Work" CD 1 - Track 23 In this section you are going to hear about part-time jobs for students. Your task is to choose the best answer that completes the statement. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers.

* There is an example (0) for you.

Part-time Jobs for Students

0 Students need part-time jobs... a) to gain experience^ b) to earn money to support the J'amily. c) to be financially independent. d) to help their peers.

1 Part-time work is useful for future employment as... a) companies don't have to advertise vacancies. b) students get the necessary skills. c) companies pay less to students. d) students are assets.

2 Disabled students... a) should not look for a part-time job b) should not access the workplace. c) have the same rights to get a job. d) cannot thrive in the workplace.

3 If you want to work part-time,... a) college career services and tutors may help. b) tutors must help every student. c) go to a job shop and buy one. d) opportunities will find you.

4 Students should write... a) to the Yellow Pages. b) to selected addresses at random. c) to companies they are interested in working for. d) their CV and send it to the Yellow Pages.

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5 It is also a good idea to... a) speak to volunteers about the job. b) get experience before going to a company. c) find useful addresses. d) volunteer in a company to get experience.

6 Students could also... a) ask friends and relatives to help. b) go to a friend's workplace. c) substitute for friends and relatives. d) keep an eye on their friends.

7 While doing a part-time job, students... a) should have enough time only for their studies. b) should have enough time for their studies and social life. c) should take on as much as they can. d) should be very careful.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C

Task 17 B1 - "People and society" CD 1 - Track 24 * You are going to hear a text about the famous actress, Julia Roberts, it Your task will be to give short answers to the questions after the text. it First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. * Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. ^ At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. ^ There is an example (0) for you.

Julia Roberts

0 Why is Julia Roberts compared to Audrey Hepburn? Because she has a beauty not typical in Hollywood.

1 What does she look like?

2 How many times was she Oscar nominated before the age of 24?

3 How old was Julia when her parents divorced?

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4 What did she want to become as a child?

5 Why did she go to New York at the age of 17?

6 What did she do to earn money?

7 Who helped her to get a role in her first film?

8 Which two films brought her the Oscar nominations?

9 Why did she not act in many films between 1991 and 1995?

10 Who was her partner in the film "Everyone Says I Love You"?

Task 18 B1 - "Lifestyle" CD 1 - Track 25 ft In this section you are going to hear some advice on how to cure or prevent colds

and the flu. ft Your task is to complete the statements with one or two suitable words, ft First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the


How to Prevent Colds

0 An average American adult suffers two or three colds a year. 1 One - has little effect, so wash them twice. 2 In schools where gel sanitizer was used pupils were absent because of

nearly 20 % less. 3 On average a person rubs his or nose 20-50 times a day. 4 To kill germs, put your toothbrush into the for 10 seconds. 5 Lower temperatures and air humidifiers maintain a level of humid-

ity in the winter. 6 Sitting in the is also useful as hot air kills cold viruses. 7 Eat a cup of yogurt every day and you'll have fewer colds

than those who don't eat yogurt. 8 Don't take antibiotics as they kill off the friendly .

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Task 19 HI - "People and society" CD 1 - Track 26 $ You are going to hear a text about how you can better organise your time. <* Your task will be to choose the best answers. h First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. 4p Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. if At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. in There is an example (0) for you.

Get Organised

0 Being organised is... a) very important. b) very useless. c) difficult. d) a waste of time.

1 If you are organised,... a) you will have less stress. b) you'll have less work. c) you'll help students. d) you'll go to more meetings.

2 It's a good idea to use a diary or a time planner... a) to schedule more appointments. b) to organise appointments online. c) not to miss appointments. d) to create free time for yourself.

3 "To do" lists are useful because... a) you can focus your energy on other things. b) you can share them with others. c) you learn a new technique of note-taking. d) you can set up a priority of tasks.

4 Our brain is good... a) at handling complex tasks in one go. b) at handling smaller tasks in one go. c) in handling complex tasks in one go. d) in handling smaller tasks in one go.

5 Complex tasks should be... a) handled as simply as possible. b) split up into simple subtasks.

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c) split up into seven subtasks. d) solved as a whole.

0 1 2 3 4 5

A

L ask 20 B1 - "Lifestyle" CD 1 - Track 27 You are going to hear some tips about how to break a habit. You must decide if the statements are true, false or you don't know because the text does not say. Write A, B or C in the box after each statement. Write A if the statement is true, write B if the statement is false, write C if the text does not say. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

The Secret of How to Break a Habit

0 It is easy to stop a habit. B

1 The level of difficulty of giving up a habit depends on the type of habit.

2 Giving up smoking largely depends whether the person is a man or a woman.

3 There are people who are able to give up a habit immediately.

4 In the article, we can hear ten tips on how to break a habit.

5 It is very important to be aware of the health consequences of the habit.

6 If you can make fun of the habit, you will get motivated to give it up.

7 Make a written plan of the steps you will take to get rid of the bad habit.

8 The length of time needed to break a habit varies from person to person.

9 If you tell people about your intention, they will encourage and support you.

10 Your friends and family will always remind you to keep to your plan.

Task 21 B1 - "Lifestyle" CD 1 - Track 28 In this section, you are going to hear about genetically modified rice. Your task is to complete the sentences with one word only. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording.

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it Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again, it At the end, you will have some time to check your answers, it There is an example (0) for you.

Rice is Nice?

0 Rice products being sold in the Middle East have been contaminated by genetically engineered rice.

1 The Middle East is the largest importer of US rice. 2 Asia is also affected because food is there from the Middle East. 3 Greenpeace activists want the Agricultural Minister to take action to

prevent further contamination. 4 Agricultural ministers of countries attend the IRC to discuss future

plans. 5 The contamination came from Bayer's rice. This company is one of the

of the conference. 6 There are import against the U.S.A. 7 Growing GE crops exposes countries to economic and disaster. 8 According to GE campaigner Mr Raghunandan, the only solution is a complete

Task 22 B1 - "Lifestyle" CD 1 - Track 29 it You are going to hear a text about the influence of TV on children and what

parents can do. it Your task will be to read the statements and mark the right answer with an X. it First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. - — it Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again, it At the end, you will have some time to check your answers, it There is an example (0) for you.

The Influence of Watching TV on Children

True False Doesn't Say

0 Television influences only small children. X 1 Children in the US spend 3 to 4 hours a day watching TV. 2 Children learn a lot of useful information from TV. 3 Commercials affect children's performance at school. 4 Children who watch a lot of TV also read more.

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5 Parents should always watch programmes together with their children.

6 Parents should also limit the amount of TV watching.

7 During meal times families can talk about TV programmes.

L ask 23 B1 - "Lifestyle' CD 1 - Track 29 You are going to hear some information about the influence of television on children and adolescents. You must fill in the gaps in the sentences below with only one word.




0 TV has a great influence on children and adolescents. 1 By the time they , they will have spent more time watching television

than they have in the classroom. 2 Instead of other activities such as reading, studying, playing, family ,

children watch TV. 3 Thousands of also influence them.

Those children who watch a lot of TV have those who don't. Soap operas, adult sitcoms and adult children. Parents should help their children choose

grades in school than

shows are not appropriate for

programmes. Children should know about the consequences of

times are not for watching TV, but for talking with family members.

Task 24 "Science and technology' Track 30 $ You are going to hear about the results of a survey. $ You must decide if the statements are true, false or you don't know because the

text does not say. * Write A, B or C in the box after each statement. * Write A if the statement is true, write B if the statement is false, write C if the

text does not say. * First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording.

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Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

The Digital Divide

0 The survey was carried out in the UK. A 1 The number of people not intending to have internet access has gone down. 2 These people make up less than 50% of UK households. 3 These people come from the middle class. 4 Most people reason that they lack the necessary computer skills. 5 They also say they are waiting for higher speed net connections to be available. 6 Broadband and high-speed net are available almost everywhere in the UK. 7 It's a challenge to reduce the costs for the "net refuseniks". 8 If they don't get connected, they will be left behind in their careers as well.

¡Task 25 B1 - "School" CD 1 - Track 311 You are going to hear a schoolboy, Erik telling us about his days at school. Your task will be to match the sentence halves. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

School Life for a 13-year-old British Boy

0 Students in Erik's school A the Flexi 0 C 1 The school specialises in... B an hour 1 2 Next year Erik is sitting his... C 1150 2 3 On arriving at school, Erik collects his Tablet PC

from... D GCSEs 3

4 Registration is at. . . E Hot food 4 5 Each period lasts... and is in different rooms F 8:30 5

6 Every student has a swipe card with two stripes,... G Computers and Maths

6

7 Erik sometimes stays after school for... H packed 7 8 ... is served in the Canteen only at lunch time I clubs 8 9 Erik usually brings a ... lunch J the Internet 9 10 Students use their Tablet PCs to do some work and

to search... K a black and a

brown 10

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Task 26 B1 - "People and society" CD 1 - Track 32 * You are going to hear about a new form of dating: speed-dating. * You must give short answers (maximum 6 words) to the questions below. * First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. * Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. * At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. + There is an example (0) for you.

Speed-Dating

0 What's the name of the new way of meeting future partners? Speed-dating — -

1 Where does speed-dating take place?

2 How much time do single people have to impress their partners before moving on to the next?

3 Who invented speed-dating?

4 What did the participants do after the rotation?

5 What were exchanged in the case of a good match?

6 When did this new form of dating take off in London?

7 What is the original eight-minute limit based on?

8 What tells us during this time if the person is right for us?

Task 27 B1 - "Science and technology" CD 2 - Track 2 # You are going to hear a text about the first computer programmer. it Your task will be to match the sentence halves. # First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. # Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. # At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. # There is an example (0) for you.

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The First Computer Programmer

0 Ada Lovelace was the daughter of... A his death 0 H

1 She was introduced to Babbage in... B Analytical

Engine 1

2 Babbage was an... C pieces of music 2

3 He created a machine, the... D financial, legal

and political 3

4 This machine was mechanical and Babbage worked on it until...

E 1833 4

5 However, the engine was never built because o f . . . problems.

F Italian mathe-matician

5

6 Ada also realized that the machine could compose...

G English mathe-matician

6

7 Ada translated the article of an... on the Analytical Engine.

H Lord Byron 7

iTask 28 B1 - "School" CD 2 - Track 31 You are going to hear a person giving her opinion about languages and which language is the hardest to learn,

ft Your task will be to complete the answers to the questions. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again^ At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

The Hardest Language

0 Why is it difficult to say which language is the most difficult to learn? Because there are a lot of factors to take into consideration.

1 How do people learn their first language? As their first language is their , they learn it .

2 What affects our learning of a second language? The language.

3 Why do a lot of people say that Chinese is the hardest language to learn? Because it has a very complicated system and .

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4 What three other factors play an important role? Teachers, and the learner's for learning.

5 Which language have British diplomats found the most problematic? It is with its 35 cases.

6 What is the speaker's conclusion? It is to say that there is one most difficult language to learn.

Task 29 B1 - "People and society" CD 2 - Track 4 # You are going to hear some information about the life of Johnny Cash.

Your task will be to circle the letter(s) of the correct answer(s) in the boxes on the right. Please note that in this task both answers may be correct. However, there is always at least one correct answer. This means you might have to circle one or two letters.

# First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

Short Biography of Johnny Cash

0 A Johnny Cash has been on stage for 50 years. B Johhny Cash always wore black clothes on stage.

1 A As a teenager he enjoyed singing songs. B His mother was proud of his songs.

2 A His brother's death influenced his sound. B His dead brother haunted him throughout his life. A B

A B

3 A He bought a guitar while he was serving in the Air Force. B "Folsom Prison Blues" was inspired by a documentary film.

4 A In the 1960s he not only became addicted to drugs but was also arrested for smuggling.

B He tried to smuggle drugs in his guitar.

5 A With the help of June Carter he overcame his addiction. B After overcoming his drug addiction, Cash turned away from religion.

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6 A The year of 1968 was very important both in Johnny Cash's private life and in his career.

B June Carter and Johnny Cash had seven children.

7 A "Man in Black" is the title of a book about Johnny Cash's life. B Since the 80s he has released a lot of albums. A B

A B

[Task 30 B1 - "Free time and culture" CD 2 - Track 51 ft You are going to hear some information about extreme sports, ft You must fill in the gaps in the sentences below with only one word, ft First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the


What Are Extreme Sports?

0 The term "extreme sports " can be seen in magazines and it is advertised in sport-ing goods stores.

1 Extreme sports are usually with an adrenaline rush. 2 In the past the term was used for sports which usually in death. 3 skiing and extreme skiing are aggressive versions of skiing. 4 Base jumping means that you jump from a fixed object with the use of a . 5 The growing of extreme sports is due to marketing trends. 6 Although marketing strategies give extreme sports a dangerous image, they don't

usually involve high of danger. 7 You don't need professional to pefform mountain biking. 8 If you do any extreme sport, always use the equipment. 9 There is a great variety of extreme sports, but you may an extreme

sport of your own.

Task 31 B1 - "People and society" CD 2 - Track 6 ft You are going to hear a short story about a boy named Charles, ft You must give short answers to the questions below. ft First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording, ft Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again, ft At the end, you will have some time to check your answers, ft There is an example (0) for you.

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L I S T E N I N G

The Milk 0 Where is Charles from?

From the city. 1 When was he walking in the countryside?

2 Did he take the milk with him to the city?

3 Where was Johnny from?

4 How do you know that he was undernourished?

5 Why did Johnny not ask Charles to share the milk with him?

6 What did Charles notice on the bottom of the bowl?

7 What did he do then?

8 Why did he do so?

[Task 32 B1 - "Free time and culture" CD 2 - Track 71 it You are going to hear some information about the history of cricket, it Your task will be to circle the letter(s) of the correct answer(s) in the boxes on the

right. Please note that in this task both answers may be correct. However, there is always at least one correct answer. This means you might have to circle one or two letters.

it First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording.


Cricket History

0 A There are many theories about the origins of cricket. B Cricket used to be played by shepherds.

1 A The first evidence of cricket being played was recorded before 1550. B According to records, pupils played cricket in 1550. A B

(AB)

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2 A In the 1600s people were punished for playing cricket. B In the 1600s it was not right to play cricket instead of going to church.

3 A People used to bet on cricket matches. B As cricket was a gambling game, it started to get recognition.

4 A At first cricket was played by the arisocratic class of England. B Cricket is the national game of England.

5 A Cricket spread within and outside Britain in the 18th century. B The first official match between two countries was played in the 18th century.

6 A ICC stands for the International Cricket Club. B The ICC was founded in 1909.

A B

A B

A B

A B

A B

Task 33 B1 - "Family life" CD 2 - Track 8 it You are going to hear some advice about how to get your child to love reading, it You must fill in the gaps in the sentences below with only one word, it First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the


Getting Your Child to Love Reading

0 Helping your children to enjoy reading is worth the investment of time and energy.

1 Children learn reading skills at school, that's why they don't_associate reading with

2 If you read aloud to your children, you them to love books and reading.

3 A well-written children's book is a big not only to the kids but also to you.

4 The enjoyment of reading together will your children's interest.

5 If you read and enjoy reading, your children will view books and mag-azines as part of daily life.

6 Children will treat books gently and with if they see that you do the same.

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7 There are a lot of children's books in print so it is a difficult task to make the best

0 B1 - "Travel" CD 2 - Track 9 You are going to hear some information about a spoilt holiday. You must decide if the statements are true, false or you don't know because the text does not say. Write A, B or C in the box after each statement. Write A if the statement is true, write B if the statement is false, write C if the text does not say. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the "recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

Spoilt Holiday

0 The holidaymakers knew that the apartments overlooked a very busy road. B

1 The pub/disco was open late every night.

2 The people who were staying in the apartments couldn't sleep because of the noise made by the taxi drivers.

3 The owner of the apartments was a professional barman.

4 Although it was very late at night, they wanted to have a hot meal.

5 The holidaymakers didn't worry about their passports but they should have.

6 Although the staff thought the holidaymakers had lost their passports them-selves, they did everything to help them find their passports.

7 The holidaymakers asked every resident to check their passports.

8 The owner and the staff denied giving the passports to anyone else.

9 They didn't enjoy their holiday at all because they had so many bad experi-ences.

Task 35 B1 - "Free time and culture" CD 2 - Track 10 You are going to hear a book review. You must fill in the gaps in the sentences below with only one word. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording.

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Book Reviews: Tuesdays With Morrie, by Mitch Albom

0 Tuesday with Morrie is semi-autob iographical in nature. 1 Albom had to summon up his to visit his former professor. 2 Morrie was dying of a disease. 3 His on life touches everyone. 4 Everybody can learn something or be by something in the book. 5 Morrie's health was and after a while he wasn't able to eat

foods. 6 It was time to say goodbye on the Tuesday. 7 Although the professor died, his lessons are . 8 The book keeps saying that life is . 9 You can easily with its prose.

Task 1 'Lifestyle" Track 11 it You are going to hear some information about a curious condition in the brain, it Your task will be to circle the letter(s) of the correct answer(s) in the boxes on the


it First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording.


Synaesthesia

0 A Synaesthesia is a special condition in the brain. B Synaesthesia is a serious illness of the brain. ® B

1 A On hearing music, some people draw colours they associate with the music. B On hearing music, some people may see particular colours. A B

2 A Others can "taste" the words they hear. B For other people the word "book" tastes like tomato soup. A B

3 A According to recent studies, synaesthesia is genetically inherited. B This curious brain condition can be passed on from parent to child. A B

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4 A Cross-wiring in the brain causes this mingling of the senses. B The mingling of the senses causes cross-wiring in the brain.

5 A The same area in the brain deals with colours and numbers. B The area where colour information is analyzed is very close to the area

where forms of numbers are dealt with.

A B

A B

6 A At birth, we have far fewer brain cells and they multiply with age. B At birth, we have more brain cells than we need.

A B

A Over time a pruning process takes place. B Over time only the connections and brains cells you need and use survive. A B

Task 2 B2 - "Work" CD 2 - Track 12 ft You are going to hear some information about how American workers feel about

the different days of the week, ft You must write the letter of the correct answer in the corresponding box. ft First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the


Blue Monday and "Thank God It's Friday"

0 For American workers... a) every weekday is the same. b) Monday and Friday have a special meaning. c) only Monday and Friday are workdays.

1 Monday morning is depressing... a) because of the rush hour crowds. b) because you have to take orders. c) because another work week begins.

2 a) A blue Monday is equally traumatic for everyone. b) If you love your job, blue Monday is not so blue. c) Blue Monday is traumatic only for those who don't enjoy their jobs.

3 On Friday colleagues will... a) give each other 4 letters. b) express their happiness by using 4 letters. c) say 4 letters but nobody knows what thay mean.

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4 In America... a) all schools and offices are closed at weekends. b) most schools and offices are open at weekends. c) most schools and offices are closed at weekends.

5 At the weekend American people... a) like staying at home and doing nothing. b) go skiing to distant places. c) go to the countryside for a fortnight.

6 On Sunday night they are... a) always relaxed and refreshed. b) either refreshed or exhausted. c) very exhausted.

7 In America... a) people have to work four days a week nowadays. b) all holidays are moved to Monday. c) attitudes towards Mondays and Fridays may change.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B

Task3 B2 - "Lifestyle" CD 2 - T r a c k 13 it In this section, you are going to hear some information about the importance of

sleeping. it Your task is to fill in the missing words - one or two, depending on the gaps

provided in each item. $ First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the


How to Sleep Better at Night

0 People need at least seven hours sleep every day. 1 However, a lot of people have sleeping troubles and take medicine for 2 A good night's sleep provides for the body.

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4 A Meteorologists insisted on pushing the date of the opening ceremony later than it was originally planned.

B The chances of rain on the day of the opening ceremony are very low.

5 A The Chinese have the largest and most advanced weather modification programme in the world.

B The Russians used weather modification in 1986.

6 A Scientists don't agree on the effectiveness of weather modification. B Weather modification can probably do nothing about very heavy rain. A B

A B

A B

Task 5 B2 - "Lifestyle" CD 2 - T r a c k 15 ft You are going to hear some information about a unique experiment in which a

woman transformed herself by trying to live as a tribal wife, ft Your task will be to circle the letter(s) of the correct answer(s) in the boxes on the


ft First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording.

ft Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again, ft At the end, you will have some time to check your answers, ft There is an example (0) for you.

We Found the Secret of Life in a Lost Tribe

0 A Lana is one of the six volunteers who took part in the BBC documentary series Tribal Wives.

B She realized that she had to leave her life behind to find a new perspective.

1 A Everybody knows Lana is an alcoholic because she is like an old man on a park bench.

B When she was drinking, she was horrible.

2 A She was raped because she was too drunk to fight off her attacker. B She was a danger to others because she often drove while drunk.

(AB)

A B

A B

3 A The Afar don't mind women drinking alcohol. B Lana could keep her alcoholism a secret from the tribe. A B

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3 If you regularly deprive yourself of sleep, your weakens.

4 Sleep gives mental energy as well. Lack of sleep leads to and

5 If you establish a good routine, it prepares your body for a good

6 Don't make sleeping during the day a ! 7 Daily keeps you active during the day and ensures good sleep at

night. 8 Try to clear your thoughts by taking a hot and or lis-

tening to relaxing music.

iTask 4 B2 - "Free time and culture" CD 2 - Track 14 ^ You are going to hear some information about how Chinese scientists want to

influence weather on the day of the opening ceremony of the Summer Olympic Games.

# Your task will be to circle the letter(s) of the correct answer(s) in the boxes on the right. Please note that in this task both answers may be correct. However, there is always at least one correct answer. This means you might have to circle one or two letters.


$ Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. it At the end, you will have some time to check your answers.


China Plans to Halt Rain for Beijing Olympics

0 A The organizers of the Beijing Olympics don't want the opening ceremony to be spoilt.

B They want to influence the weather.

1 A The Chinese are very good at modifying weather. B They have as much experience in creating rain as preventing it.

2 A Cloud seeding is a technique to make rain. B Silver iodide, salts and dry ice reduce the size of the raindrops.

3 A On the day of the opening ceremony the weather would be modified all over Beijing.

B The Olympic stadium got its nickname from its steel beams.

A B

A B

A B

(AB)

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L I S T E N I N G

4 A Lana has got a career at home in Britain. B The Afar knew the truth about Lana's past.

5 A Before joining the tribe Lana hadn't been drinking for a year. B Lana had just given up drinking before she joined the tribe.

6 A The Afar men are often beaten. B The Afar women are often beaten.

7 A Sleeping in a hut with 12 people was the worst thing that had ever happened to Lana.

B She used to sleep by the bins in the snow behind her local pub.

8 A The love of her life is a Dutchman. B He has known her drunk.

9 A The Afar are a peaceful people. B They are very religious.

10 A The Afar women live like slaves. B The Afar women are often involved in activities with men.

11 A Living with the Afar helped Lana accept herself and be accepted. B Living with the Afar helped Lana start a new life. A B

A B

A B

A B

A B

A B

A B

A B

iTask 6 B2 - "Free time and culture" CD 2 - Track 161 ft You are going to hear a text about the Titanic, ft Your task will be to match the sentence halves. ft First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the


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10 Items That Went Down with the Titanic

0 Out of the 1316 passengers of the Titanic

A who had clients from the British Royal family. 0 C

1 Millionaire Benjamin Guggenheim and his manservant

B after helping his pregnant wife onto a lifeboat. 1

2 A dress designer also survived C 498 survived. 2

3 The wealthiest man in the world at the time died

D the bands of the ship were play-ing. 3

4 While the passengers were getting into the lifeboats

E was believed to have cursed the ship. 4

5 An ancient Egyptian mummy F were ready to die like gentle-men. 5

Task 7 B2 - "Lifestyle" CD 2 - T r a c k 17 In this section you are going to hear a text about the natural way of living. Your task is to write the letter of the correct answer into the boxes on the right. You must decide if the statements are true, false or you don't know because the text does not say. Write A, B or C in the box after each statement. Write A if the statement is true, write B if the statement is false, write C if the text does not say. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

The Natural Way

0 According to the text, we humans are intellectuals who can control every aspect of our lives. A

1 Everybody wants to live in excellent health but sometimes taking drugs is necessary.

2 Even with the highest economic standard of living, there are a lot of chroni-cally ill people among us.

3 Owing to modern medicine, we live longer and are able to take care of the quality of our lives.

4 People accept diseases as normal signs of aging. 5 The main problem is that people are not living in accordance with the natu-

ral order of life. 6 Only our diet follows the natural way of life. 7 When people eat out, they usually have unhealthy food.

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8 People know that they mostly have unhealthy food.

9 Our physiology defines that we are fruit eaters.

10 If we eat fruits and green leafy vegetables, we need to take mineral supple-ments.

11 Fresh fruits and green leafy vegetables are the most natural option in our diet.

U B2 - "Lifestyle' CD 2 - Track 18 You are going to hear some information about the dangers of sunbathing. You must fill in the gaps in the sentences below with only one word. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. There is an example (0) for you.

Is Sunbathing Good for You?

0 According to the "Indoor Tanning Association" there's no evidence that sun-bathing causes skin cancers.

1 They say that exposure to sunlight increases the level of vitamin D and this benefit overweighs the risk.

2 Vitamin D can help in the of serious illnesses. 3 Dermatologists think to sunlight causes not only a tan but cancer as

well. 4 Nonmelanoma skin cancers are not deadly, but their is painful. 5 Indoor workers have nonmelanoma skin cancers less than outdoor

workers. 6 exposure to sunlight and to UV radiation are the main risk factors for

melanoma. 7 If you have a lot of sunburn in your life, you will have a high chance of

the disease. 8 Melanoma can appear on different areas of the body, such as the of

the feet.

iTask 9 B2 - "Work" CD 2 - Track 191 In this section, you are going to hear some information on how to survive unemployment.

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h Your task is to fill in the missing words - one or two, depending on the gaps provided in each item.

# First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording.

% Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. ^ At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. # There is an example (0) for you.

How to Survive Unemployment

0 Most people hope they will never face unemployment . 1 To overcome this period emotionally, you should get your life

as quickly as possible.

2 This means, for example, that you should make yourself a

3 Your family and friends may help you find a job, at least a one.

4 Concerning money, cut your unnecessary .

5 You need fun, and you can find free , like walking in the park or having

dinner with your parents.

6 A list of acquaintances might prove useful to get you back into .

7 can also give you opportunities to stay in touch with people and show

your abilities.

Task 10 B2 - "Lifestyle" CD 2 - Track 20 # In this section, you are going to hear about the pros and cons of air conditioning.

Your task is to fill in the missing words - on« or twoT depending on the gaps provided in each item.

# First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording.

# Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. h At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. $ There is an example (0) for you.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Air Conditioning

0 In certain climates, air conditioning is an essential element of hot summer days.

1 A lot of people think that the they use their unit, the

it is for them.

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2 Actually, air conditioning certain problems.

3 It has also been proven that the body a certain amount of stress when

it is forced to go from a environment into an air con-

ditioned one.

4 Micro-organisms in the air conditioning unit of cars may cause

5 If the air conditioner is not properly , it will recirculate pollutants.

6 The positive side of air conditioning is that it may help sufferers from

by removing pollens from the air.

£ ask 11 B2 - "Travel" CD 2 - T r a c k 21 ft In this section you are going to hear a text about a New-Zealander who drove

drunk. ft Your task is to write the letter of the correct answer into the boxes. • First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the


Drunk-Driver Thanks Person Who Reported Him in to Police

0 A Katikati man was caught... a) speeding b) saving a policeman s life c) driving too slowly

1 After being caught, Singh... a) told the police to save his life b) thanked the police for saving his life c) thanked the motorist for saving his life

2 .. .wanted to overtake him. a) The police patrol b) A truck driver c) Another motorist

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3 Singh had been drinking... . a) whiskey and beer b) a lot of whiskey c) shots of beer

4 He had already been convicted before... a) four times b) three times c) twice

5 80 milligrams is... . a) a shot of whiskey b) the legal limit of alcohol one can drink and drive c) the limit of excess blood alcohol

6 He had nearly ... as much alcohol in his blood as the legal limit. a) three times b) twice c) six times

7 As there had been a 10-year gap since his last conviction, Singh was sentenced to... . a) 150 days'supervision b) nine months' community work c) supervision and community work

8 Singh will be allowed to drive again in... . a) one year and one day b) one year c) one decade

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A

Task 12 B2 - "Lifestyle" CD 2 - Track 22 it In this section, you are going to hear some information about the harmful effects

of chemicals in body care products, it Your task will be to fill in the gaps in the sentences with a maximum of three

words as indicated by the gaps, it First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. it Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again.

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1 Recently Americans tend to have more of their meals . . . . a) at home b) in restaurants c) at work

2 Frozen and ... foods have become more popular. a) fresh b) pre-prepared c) raw

3 The respondents' body mass index has been rising because ... . a) they eat more often b) they eat in restaurants c) the portions are bigger

4 According to Harry Blazer, the solution is ... . a) to reduce the calories b) to spend less money on food c) to cut down on food

5 You will eat less if you ... a) wait 20 minutes between courses. b) eat more slowly. c) have low-calorie food.

0 1 2 3 4 5 B

iTask 14 B2 - "Environment" CD 2 - Track 24\ ft In this section you are going to hear a text about eco-friendly golf tees, ft Your task is to write the letter of the correct answer into the boxes below, ft First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording, ft Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again, ft At the end, you will have some time to check your answers, ft There is an example (0) for you.

Teeing up for an Eco-Friendly Game of Golf

0 The factory that makes biodegradable golf tees is a ... . a) small family business b) large family business c) small state company d) large state company

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# At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. if There is an example (0) for you.

Children and Harmful Acidic Toxins

0 Toxins are not only in our food but in what we feel emotionally; spiritually and physically.

1 Parents want to provide their children with the best to establish a strong .

2 Unlike food, there are no for organic personal care products.

3 of what-you rub onto you or your child's skin is absorbed through the skin and can be detected in the blood within minutes.

4 As children absorb higher doses of toxins, their organs may suffer and damage more quickly than an adult.

5 Tests have shown that even some natural baby body care products contained chemi-cals which caused cancer in animals.

6 What is more, it has also been proved that to fragrances causes ser-ious changes.

7 In conclusion, we can say that chemicals pollute not only the planet but our body and home as well.

Task 13 B2 - "Lifestyle" CD 2 - Track 23 h In this section you are going to hear part of a radio programme about Americans'

eating habits. if Your task is to write the letter of the correct answer into the boxes below. $ First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the

recording. if Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. if At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. if There is an example (0) for you.

Americans' Eating Habits

0 The topic of the radio programme is eating .... a) disorders b) habits c) customs

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1 The material of biodegradable golf tees is made from . . . . a) plastics b) corn starch c) corncob d) corn stalk

2 The owners' environmentally friendly products make up ... of their business. a) 12% b) 20% c) 10% d) one twelfth

3 The weed matting clips decompose in the ground into . . . . a) water and carbon dioxide b) carbon dioxide c) pure water d) water and calcium dioxide

4 Many golf courses in Japan . . . . a) use plastic tees b) banned plastic tees c) use only these biodegradable tees d) use 50% plastic tees

5 Golfers leave tees on the courses and they damage mower blades. Eco-friendly golf tees are better because . . . . a) they can be better seen on the ground b) mower blades can easily cut them into pieces c) they have a user-friendly shape d) do not contaminate the course

6 The new brand's name is ... . a) Polymaize b) Polymain c) Polynese d) Polycom

7 According to Mrs Field, making biodegradable products instead of plastic ones reduces . . . . a) the amount of pots for plants b) the number of rubbish dumps c) the amount of rubbish d) the size of rubbish dumps

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A

Task 15 B2 - "Science and technology" CD 2 - Track 25 # You are going to hear a text about wind turbines in water.

Your task will be to match the sentence halves. First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording.

* Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again. At the end, you will have some time to check your answers.

h There is an example (0) for you.

Wind Farms

0 In New York States, there are a lot of new turbines in...

A windmills in water. 0 C

1 More wind turbines are... B renewable energy sources. 1

2 There is great demand for... C the pipeline. 2

3 Offshore wind farms are in... D 2011. 3

4 New wind turbines will have been installed by...

E rising out of Lake Erie. 4

5 In Lake Ontario they plan to install... F 140 turbines. 5

6 The cost of land-based turbines is much lower than...

G Denmark and the Netherlands. 6

iTask 16 B2 - "Environment" CD 2 - Track 261 You are going to hear about a British phenomenon, charity shops,

t Your task will be to fill the gaps in the sentences according to the text with only one word.

* First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again.

** At the end, you will have some time to check your answers, it There is an example (0) for you.

Charity Shops

0 More and more retail outlets are disappearing from British high streets nowadays.

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L I S T E N I N G

1 Charity shops are in to take their place. 2 The author questions if it is good that local are replaced by such

shops. 3 On the other hand, charity shops the needs of both the poor and the rich. 4 Poorer people need to their meagre budgets and buy second-hand

goods. 5 Charity shops are good places to buy products for money. 6 They are not only cheap but often of a better . 7 We all have a lot of things that have been over the years. 8 It's a act to give unwanted stuff to those in need. 9 Not only you can give things away but you can also some of your

time to work at a charity shop. 10 On the whole, Oxfam and others a useful service.

Task 17 B2 - "Lifestyle' Track 2 ft In this section you are going to hear about mortgages, ft Your task is to choose the best answer. # First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the


Neither a Borrower Nor a Lender Be

0 Borrowers and lenders wish... a) they had known the old saying. b) they had listened to the old saying. c) they had never heard about that old saying.

1 The amount of money people with poor credit ratings borrowed is... a) about 20% of the home-loan market. b) about 12% of the home-loan market. c) more than 40% of the home-loan market.

2 Low-income buyers sometimes... a) can fulfil only the first payment. b) cannot even take out a loan. c) could not even meet the first payment.

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L I S T E N I N G

3 "Liar loans" are offered... a) without asking for income verification. b) to people with good credit history. c) to people who can pay the high interest rates.

4 The problems in this segment of mortgage-market may.. . a) result in even higher interest rates. b) might spread to the rest of the mortgage market as well. c) might reach a record.

5 The prospects for the housing market are... a) prosperous. b) rather poor. c) really great.

6 Despite fewer jobs in housing-related industries, the labour market... a) is falling. b) getting more and more support from the government. c) is still strong.

7 On the whole, there is no need to worry too much as... a) real incomes keep going up. b) only a small portion of the market is concerned. c) buyers are likely to become more cautious.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B

Task 18 B 2 - "Free time and culture" CD 2 - Track 28 ft In this section, you are going to hear about reality television programmes, ft Your task will be to fill in the gaps in the sentences with a maximum of three

words as indicated by the gaps, ft First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the


Reality Television

0 Reality television presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations.

1 Such programmes ordinary people.

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2 Reality TV covers different formats, from game shows to -focused

productions.

3 According to critics, the term "reality television" is a bit of a .

4 Participants are to act in certain ways, and the events are

manipulated by various post-productions techniques.

5 In the popular show, "The Bachelor" an man dates twelve women, taking

them to scenic locales.

6 Shows like "The Real World" are called - - shows

where the surroundings and the activities are under strict control of the producers.

7 By designing scenarios, events and challenges carefully, the creators want to encour-

age particular and .

[Task 19 B2 - "Work" CD 2 - Track 291 In this section you are going to hear about a special kind of loan, micro credit. Your task is to write the letter of the correct answer into the boxes on the right.

h You must decide if the statements are true, false or you don't know because the text does not say. Write A, B or C in the box after each statement. Write A if the statement is true, write B if the statement is false, write C if the text does not say.

^ First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording. h Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again.

At the end, you will have some time to check your answers. * There is an example (0) for you.

The Banker to the Poor

0 Muhammad Yunus is a banker from India. B

1 Micro credit is for entrepreneurs who cannot qualify for traditional loans because of their poverty.

2 Yunus and his bank were awarded the Nobel Prize for Best Economist.

3 Yunus saw that Jobra women had to take out usurious loans to buy bamboo.

4 Yunus offered to help them through loans to their husbands.

5 Yunus gave the loan from his own pocket.

6 Yunus' business partners saw an excellent opportunity in micro credit.

7 By 2007, the Grameen Bank had given loans to more than 8 million borrowers.

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8 Informal groups ensure repayment as members support each other and act as co-guarantors.

9 Similar initiatives have started only in the developing world.

10 Most loans have been given to women as they are more likely to share their earnings with their families.

iTask 20 B2 - "School" CD 2 - Track 30 ft You are going to hear some information about how to avoid student debt, ft Your task will be to circle the letter(s) of the correct answer(s) in the boxes on the


ft First, you will have some time to study the task, and then you'll hear the recording, ft Then, after a short pause, listen to the recording again, ft At the end, you will have some time to check your answers, ft There is an example (0) for you.

How to Avoid Student Debt

0 A Most young people who have finished university have debts. B They have to start repaying their student loan when they finish university.

1 A British university students don't have to pay fees upfront. B Those who get money from their parents may have more money while

they are studying.

2 A More and more students take part-time jobs to have more money. B Most universities offer financial support to help students.

3 A At many British universities students have to take part in workshops on financial issues.

B At many British universities students can get help to prevent financial problems.

4 A One of the tips students get is not to open post in order to avoid bad news. B Universities would like students to participate in the programme from the

moment they arrive at the institution.

5 A Before you arrive at the university, you should know exactly how much money you will have and you will need.

B An accurate budget will help you to decide whether and how much you may need to work.

A B

® B

A B

A B

A B

A B

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6 A Many new arrivals know how much money they will need for living costs. B They often underestimate for example the costs of groceries and daily

transport.

7 A According to the survey, students at university were more worried about money than prospective students.

B Prospective students were not worried about money because they understood the advice they had been given.

A B

A B

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Task 1 A2 - "Lifestyle" CD 1 - Track 2

The Importance of Breakfast

Breakfast can be any combination of foods, liquid or solid, that provides carbohydrates, protein and a little fat. It should provide about 20-25% of your daily energy needs -around 400 calories - more if you are very active. Breakfast can be anything you like to eat - leftover pizza, some fruit, muffin, whole grain cereal with fruit and low-fat milk, rice with chicken and vegetables or tortillas and beans with salsa and a glass of milk. The choice is up to you. There are good reasons to include something from all food groups - protein like milk products or meat and alternatives, whole grains, and fruit and vegetables. Here's why: Proteins like milk, yogurt, cheese, eggs, peanut butter and nuts keep us alert, responsive, calm and focused. Whole grain products like multigrain toast or a bowl of oatmeal are high in fibre. High-fibre foods fill you up on fewer calories, help to lower bad cholesterol levels and ward off hunger pangs. Fruits and vegetables also offer fibre, along with thousands of nutrients to help keep your brain and body fuelled for the day ahead.

(http://www. actnowbc. ca/EN/)

[Task 2 A2 - "Work" CD 1 - Track 3

Top Ten Male and Female Dominated Occupations

In 2004 various occupations were still almost completely male or female dominated. These are mainly low-level and medium-level occupations. Men dominate in construc-tion and engineering, women in care and office jobs. In higher and academic level posi-tions, men and women are more often represented equally. Thisipattern of employment has hardly changed over the last few years. Occupations with a very poor representation of women are found in the construction and engineering sectors, for instance central heating installer and car mechanic. Female lorry drivers are also very rare. The share of women in male-dominated occupations is very low. In the top ten male-dominated occupations more than 99 percent were men. The top ten female occupations reveals that women typically work in clerical and car-ing occupations: as medical receptionists, student nurses, home helps, carers for the sick and the elderly and as executive secretaries. Men are relatively more often employed in typically female occupations than vice versa. Some 6 percent of people employed in care for the elderly, the mentally handicapped and the sick were males. Half of occupations where men and women are more or less equally represented are at higher or academic level. The most balanced gender distribution was found among marketing advisers/specialists and, to a lesser degree, among graphic designers, policy-

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makers in environmental planning, higher administrative assistants and lawyers, judges and notaries public.

(Ingrid Beckers) (http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/)

'Family life" CD 1 - Track 4

Single Mom of the Week

- Heather, how did you become a single parent? - I had my first child at age 18 and the father and I just didn't work out. Later on I thought I found the right guy for me and we had 2 children together, but that ended in a bitter divorce after 2 years of marriage. - What makes you special? - I am raising 3 children on my own, working a full time job and trying my hardest to make life better every day for my children and I. Everything is about my children. - Tell us about your children: age, grades, interests, etc. - 1 have a son who is 10 years old and is in 4th grade. He likes video games and skate-boarding. I have one daughter who is 7 years old and in the 1st grade. She likes to help around the house and loves to help take care of her little sister. She also likes to play with her friends and her toys. My other daughter is 2 years old and she loves to follow her older sister around, play with toys, play outside and watch movies. - What is your greatest strength as a single parent? - I think my greatest strength is being able to take care of 3 children on my own while juggling a full time job. I think if it wasn't for my kids, I wouldn't have the strength that I do. They keep me going from day to day and I love them greatly! - What is your greatest weakness as a single mother? - 1 think as a single mother I have too much stress and anger. I let the little things get to me and that is not healthy for myself or for my children. I have been working on con-trolling my anger and trying to stay away from things that really stress me out. - What are your hopes for the future? - My children and I just got approved for a loan to purchase a house. My hopes are that we find a good home and things go well with that. In other areas, I do my best to improve at my job, so that I can provide more for my children. - What encouragement would you like to pass on to others? - I encourage other single moms to stay strong no matter what happens. We all go through tests and trials (some worse than others), but if you keep your faith and your strength, you can pull through anything. I believe that having children is a wonderful thing and that is the base of our strength.

(http.V/www.singlerose. com/)

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[Task 4 A2 - "Environment" CD 1 - Track 5\

Recycling of Household Waste

UK households produced 30.5 million tons of waste in 2003/04, of which 17% was col-lected for recycling. This figure is still quite low compared to some neighbouring EU countries, some recycling over 50% of their waste. There is still a great deal of waste which could be recycled that ends up in landfill sites which are harmful to the environ-ment. Recycling is an excellent way of saving energy and conserving the environment. Did you know that 1 recycled tin can would save enough energy to power a television for 3 hours, 1 recycled glass bottle would save enough energy to power a computer for 25 minutes, 1 recycled plastic bottle would save enough energy to power a 60-watt light bulb for 3 hours, 70% less energy is required to recycle paper compared with making it from raw materials. If you want to do anything for the environment, you should also know that up to 60% of the rubbish that ends up in the dustbin could be recycled. The unreleased energy contained in the average dustbin each year could power a television for 5,000 hours. The largest lake in Britain could be filled with rubbish from the UK in 8 months. On average, 16% of the money you spend on a product pays for the packaging, which ultimately ends up as rubbish. As much as 50% of waste in the average dustbin could be composted. Up to 80% of a vehicle can be recycled. 9 out of 10 people would recycle more if it were made easier.

(http.V/www.recycling-guide. org. uk/j

Task 5 A2 - "People and society" CD 1 - Track 6

Being Left-Handed

Using a standard "qwerty" keyboard, and typing with both hands in the conventional manner, the number of words in English that are typed solely with the left hand is in the neighbourhood of 3400. Around 450 words are typed solely with the right hand. The Kerr Clan of Scotland has a reputation for having been largely left-handed. This may have been genetic, or possibly a skill that was learned to give them an advantage in battle. In the 1992 U.S. Presidential election, all three major candidates were left-handed. According to most resources, there have been six left-handed presidents: James Garfield, Harry S. Truman, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, George Bush, Bill Clinton. According to a new study, conducted in the United Kingdom, left-handers may be a little bit more vulnerable than righties to certain diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colitis, ulcerative colitis and Crone's disease. Nothing in the study indicates why this may be true. It's not likely something we need to worry about.

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Many people repeat as fact the claim that all polar bears are left-handed. This assertion seems to be based on a long-held belief among native people in polar bear regions. However, this seems to be a philosophical description, in which left and right are metaphors for spiritual or psychological concepts.

(h tip://www. rkwest. com)

iTask 6 A2 - "School" CD 1 - Track 71

School Memories

We only have a few weeks left before the end of the school year. Desks are getting cleaned out. Already, my third graders backpacks are full of papers, reports and art projects. The stack on the table grows larger each day. I have a friend who neatly organizes her children's papers into school year and subject. Sigh. I 'm not nearly that organized. And I don't have room to keep everything. I try to save the big stuff, especially the creative stuff. Things like short stories, or poetry. Art projects always get saved. I also try to keep a few math papers and spelling tests. Our school is very big on writing skills. Every year the children keep a journal at school. I absolutely keep those. It's fun to look back at what they did and what they considered important enough to write about. My main trouble is where to keep all of these papers. Take three kids and a few years of school and you have a huge stack. I 've been looking at portfolios, manuscript boxes and memory boxes. I want something big enough so that the papers can lay flat. Some of the art projects are on 11x13 paper, so I need big boxes. Why am I keeping these things? For memories. And to show the kids that every time in their life was cherished. Besides, it makes a great rainy day project to go back through the papers. My kids love to see their old stuff. It brings back memories of teachers and classmates, and things they learned. They marvel over their tiny handprints. They are amazed that they once couldn't spell "school" or "tiger" or even "today". They groan with embarrassment that they once loved Barney and Arthur and Blues Clues. I think that's probably a nice lesson in having tolerance for their younger cousins' taste in television. Almost time to pick up my boys. I wonder what they'll bring home today?

(by Lauri Griffin, http://fun. families.com)

Task 7, 8 A2 - "Free time and culture" CD 1 - Track 8


The University of Kentucky Singletary Center for the Arts (SCFA) presents the Hungarian State Folk Ensemble at 7.30 p.m. Tuesday, February 20, in the SCFA Concert

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Hall. The performance, accompanied by the Hungarian State Orchestra, commemorates more than 50 years of the ensemble's work preserving historical Hungarian music and dance. Established in 1951, the Hungarian State Folk Ensemble is considered one of the top touring groups in the world. The group collects, maintains and shares the culture of the Hungarian people through folk dances, authentic music and traditional Hungarian costumes. While they have performed in over 44 countries, they have just recently begun performing in North America. Performance material is taken directly from Hungarian culture. The choreography, dat-ing back hundreds of years, is collected from various isolated villages, and the music imitates the gypsy sounds which inspired such Hungarian classical composers as Liszt and Brahms. Tickets for the Hungarian State Folk Ensemble may be purchased at the Singletary Center ticket office. Prices are $32 for general admission; $28 for UK faculty, staff, alumni and senior citizens; and $22 for students. Student tickets will also be available during a Student Rush period one hour before the performance for $10. To purchase tickets, call (859) 257-4929 or visit online.

(http://news. uky. edu/news)

iTask 1 B1 - "School" CD 1 - Track 91

What Is Dyscalculia?

Dyscalculia is something you are born with. Someone with dyscalculia has specific diffi-culty with numbers, despite good performance in other areas. The latest studies estimate over 5% of the population has dyscalculia, equating to more than 3 million UK citizens. Most have never been diagnosed. Dyscalculia is found in people from all backgrounds, cultures and levels of intellectual ability. Interestingly, about 40% of dyslexics also have dyscalculia. People with dyscalculia may have great difficulties with arithmetic, for example 4+8 or 22x4; prices in shops (including tendering the correct money and receiving change); instant number judgement - for example "seeing" that there are 4 cups on the table (a dyscalculic may need to count them); phone numbers, dates and times. Studies have shown that having dyscalculia makes it more difficult to achieve success in employment than having dyslexia.

Why are people scared of maths? Dyscalculia has only recently been recognised, in the same way dyslexia was 30 years ago. Many people have been labelled (or label themselves) stupid because they can't do "simple sums". When a group of 9-year-olds were asked why they disliked maths lessons they said "you feel stupid" and "I wish I was like a clever person". The emotional effects are wide-reaching and often affect a child's entire attitude to learning.

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It seems that even babies have a sense of numbers. By watching their gaze, researchers can find out whether babies can discriminate between numbers. Infants even in the first week of life will notice when the number of objects changes. It seems we are indeed born with an innate sense of numbers.

Brain damage and dyscalculia Scientists think that your maths ability resides in your parietal lobes towards the back of your brain, near your ears. It seems that these systems are abnormal in dyscalculics. In his book, the "Mathematical Brain", Brian Butterworth describes the intriguing case of Signora Gaddi. Signora Gaddi cannot calculate or compare numbers, or even read or write numbers over 4. The alert 59-year-old Italian woman recently had a stroke that damaged the left parietal lobe of her brain and since then has become largely hopeless with arithmetic. Signora Gaddi also has difficulties with numbers smaller than 4. When shown two wooden blocks, she had to laboriously count on her fingers to say how many blocks there were. Yet, she performs normally on many other tests that do not involve numbers.

The world's largest maths experiment Professor Brian Butterworth and Dr Penny Fidler set up the world's largest maths exper-iment within the science centre at Bristol. 18 000 visitors took part in the fun test which showed that girls were quicker than boys at some types of maths.

(http://www.youramazingbrain. org. uk)

ITask 2 B1 - "Work" CD 1 - Track 101

The Top 5 Steps for Choosing a Career

Career choices may well be more difficult today than at any time in history, for three reasons: there is infinitely more to choose from, career definitions are more fluid and changing, and the levels of expectation are rising. Most men and women entering the workforce today can expect to change careers three or more times during their working lives. Here are five steps that will help ensure that your choices are good ones.

1. Begin with your values. What's really important to you? What turns you on? What do you like to do so much that you would almost feel guilty getting paid to do it? These questions are designed to help you get at one of the key elements in career choice: values. Your values are the emotional anchor of all that you do. Satisfying careers are built upon the notion of a high correspondence between one's personal values and the work they will be doing. Begin your career search by sorting out your values and writing them down as clearly and succinctly as you can.

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2. Identify your skills and talents. A skill is something you've learned to do. A talent is something you've been born with, or at least that you seem naturally qualified to do. You are more likely to enjoy doing what you do well naturally than what you have simply been taught to do.

3. Experiment. There's no substitute for experience, the more the better. Take a job in the field or indus-try and see for yourself if it's really all you thought it would be, try to get as much and as varied experience as you can. If you're committed to finding out about a certain career, you may want to consider volunteering in order to gain work experience. That way, you'll be able to test out whether it fits your values and preferences.

4. In your first job, opt for experience first, money second. If you're at the top of your class graduating summa cum laude, you may be able to com-bine both in a single package, but for most new entrants into the workforce, it's a mat-ter of priorities. A good way of sizing up several opportunities is to ask yourself: "Which position will offer me the best chance of becoming excellent at what I do?" And that may not be the one that pays the highest initial salary.

5. Build your lifestyle around your income, not your expectations. Recruiters are famous for courting desirable applicants with promises such as: "In two years, you could be making X thousands of dollars". The problem is that many new entrants into the job force buy into this line and begin living as though they were mak-ing the kind of money promised in two years. A better way is to begin, right with your first job, to structure your lifestyle in such a manner that you can put away ten percent of every paycheck. Starting early and investing regularly and wisely are probably two of the greatest secrets of wealth accumulation.

(http://www. topten. orgl)

iTask 3 B1 - "Free time and culture" CD 1 - Track 111

List of Hobbies and Interests

Life would be very boring without hobbies; we would appear like robots, without feel-ings, like colour-blind creatures, like aliens on our own planet. Hobbies give sense to our existence. Since early childhood we have a daily routine. Therefore, in order to keep a balance between busy moments and free time we take up hobbies.We could talk about a long list of hobbies and interests. These lists are different, depending on factors like age, sex, region, family background, education or personality. When we are small children, our hobby may be playing computer games. There are kids who don't go to the kitchen to eat, they ask for their food to be taken in front of the com-puter, and they are terribly angry if somebody disturbs them when they play a game.

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Small children also like watching cartoons or they often take up different sports: foot-ball, handball, basketball, gymnastics, volleyball. Teenagers may change their hobbies or add new hobbies to the list. Their main interests are music, dancing and discos. They usually have a model in life from showbusiness and they collect everything about them. They often do sports, even extreme sports. They use computers, not necessarily for playing games, they are interested in chatting with friends, sometimes with friends from other countries made on the internet. If you live in a mountainous area, you may have hobbies like mountain climbing. You may be interested in different species of plants, animals, birds or insects which live in your area, or you may have as a hobby painting landscapes or taking photos. Family background is also important in taking up a hobby. For example, in a family where one of the members is an artist or a sportsperson, it is very probable that their children have the very same hobbies or interests. Hobbies depend on personality. A choleric person should never take up a hobby like making models, as he or she would not have the patience necessary. Actually, life is great and you can make a hobby out of the most insignificant thing, with a little imagination, and it will help you have positive thinking, and you might even con-sider yourself a happy person.

(http://www. buzzle. com/articles/) (By Jayashree Pakhare Published: 5/14/2007)

Task 4, 5 B1 - "Lifestyle" CD 1 - Track 12


Studies show that children who eat with their families have healthier diets with more fruits and vegetables, more fibre and micronutrients, fewer fried foods, less pop, and less saturated and trans fats. Other studies have found that teens who eat dinner with their families five times a week are twice as likely to get A's in school and half as like-ly to abuse substances as teens who eat with their families less than twice per week. Here are some ideas to get your family back to the table. Start with one meal a week and add more as you can. Setting a regular mealtime routine helps everyone know what to expect. Parents should talk with the family about the best times for meals, what to talk and not talk about and what behaviour is OK. After the discussion it's the parent's responsibili-ty to make family meals a priority, setting the rules of conversation and behaviour, what food is served and when the family will eat. It's important for parents to treat children with the respect and good manners that they expect children to show. The most important part of the meal is getting together as a family. Serving simple foods and taking time to enjoy your family will win out over gourmet meals every time. Pizza

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Task 8 B1 - "Environment" CD 1 - Track 151

Queen of Green

Eco expert Sara Snow has a mission: to show families that saving energy is fun and easy. The daughter of Eden Foods co-founder Tim Redmond, Sara Snow grew up in the Michigan countryside eating foods from the garden and turning the compost pile. While her green habits never faded - she still composts, eats organic and local foods, and recycles everything from clothing to kitchen cabinets with her husband Ryan in their Indiana home - Snow realized two years ago she was no longer the healthy person she had always been. As an Emmy award-winning TV producer and reporter, she had a gruelling schedule (waking up at 3 a.m.) and was losing her energy and enthusiasm. She decided to make a change: in her latest TV show, Get Fresh, Snow made it her mission to help families adopt simple energy-saving habits and tries to motivate people to ease their impact on the earth. We caught up with her in New York to learn how.

- Your dad founded an organic food company in 1968. Does that give you extra credi-bility as a green expert? - Definitely. My parents raised me and my brother to be mindful of the effect our actions have on our health and the planet, so I 've lived that way all my life. - What was your green childhood like? - When I was 2 years old, we moved from our home in Ann Arbor, Michigan, to an eco-friendly house in the country, where we planted big organic food gardens. - What did you have in the gardens? - We grew things like zucchini, cucumbers and beans, and tons of greens in a garden close to the house. Down the hill, we had another garden where we grew strawberries, currants and melons. We pickled some of our veggies and canned our tomatoes so we could still eat from the garden in winter. My mom made all of our bread from scratch and sweetened our desserts with fruit juice. - Did your mom make your clothes? - She did when we were young. Also, much of what we wore was secondhand. I still buy jewelry and clothes secondhand all the time. - How do you carry on the tradition now that you're an adult? - My husband Ryan and I generate only about half a bag of garbage per week. Our cleaning products are all natural, and we buy almost all organic food. We use cloth nap-kins, buy recycled toilet paper and paper towels, carry reusable bags, and drink tap water from reusable bottles. At dinner and parties, we serve Biodynamic wine and beer. - Do you still grow your own food? - We grow tomatoes and tons of herbs like basil, sage, chives and mint. We also grow chamomile and echinacea. - How do you stay green while travelling? - 1 take public transportation wherever possible, and try to book direct flights (most of the fuel on a flight is used during takeoff and landing, so extra stops waste a lot of energy).

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I carry a refillable water canteen, and always ask room serv ice not to change my sheets and towels or vacuum. - How do you encourage people to take on more eco habits? - I let them know they don't have to start doing everything at once. Small steps help. Once they realize how much of what we live off comes directly from the earth, it feels easier and more rewarding to change habits. - What are some changes you've helped families make? - 1 help them decide which foods to buy organic. If they eat a lot of apples or drink a lot of milk, for example, these should be organic. - Any others? - We'll narrow down their biggest energy offenders such as taking long showers, letting the water run while they brush their teeth, running the dishwasher whether it's full or not, or driving cars that are unnecessarily big. - How will families know that they're making a difference? - They'll see some immediate results, like reduced electric and water bills. As for the big picture, you have to have faith and know that if everyone's doing a little something, and some people are doing a lot of something, it will all add up to meaningful change.

(http://www.naturalhealthmag. com/)

iTask 9 B1 - "Work" CD 1 - Track 16

Part time Jobs for Teenagers and Young Adults

Part-time jobs for American students are very popular but usually begin during their high school days. Besides working in fast food restaurants and small cafeterias, a very popular job for a teenager in America is baby sitting. This has its greatest appeal among teenage girls and a good baby sitter can earn quite a bit if she is reliable, responsible and mature. It is not necessarily an easy job and requires both social skills and general competence. A good baby sitter should know how to change diapers. She must be able to get the children ready for bed and keep an eye on them even while they are sleeping. In addition, she should be able to handle any unexpected emergency with common sense and be calm at all times. She should know the emergency numbers of the hospital and police for situations which require assistance. Once the children are asleep the baby sitter is free to watch TV or listen to music. If she is really conscientious about her studies, she may well spend the time doing homework but should not tie up the phone with personal calls just in case the parents want to be in contact with her. Such a job often involves working on Friday and Saturday nights when many married couples like to spend the night going to a movie or the theater. On such occasions they will leave their children in the care of a dependable baby-sitter.

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Other part-time jobs which are popular especially among young boys are managing a paper round or mowing the lawns of people in one's neighbourhood. These jobs also require a sense of maturity and responsibility and can be a source of good income for a high school student. Young boys who run paper rounds are required to get up early in the morning to deliver the daily news regardless of the weather. This job has no holidays and requires the newspaper to be delivered every day without exception. In America there are no newspaper holidays. If they choose to mow lawns, part of the job responsibilities may require that they also periodically rid it of weeds and occasionally re-seed areas which have been burned by the sun or thinned out by wear. During the winter a snowstorm can become another source of income for the teenager. The young boys make their rounds through their neighbourhood equipped with a shovel and offer to clear sidewalks or stoops in front of homes or to dig out a car buried in a meter of snow. While part-time jobs for high school students may be frowned upon in Japan, in America they are often seen as an opportunity to teach young people about work responsibility and respect for others. The young people learn how to become part of the adult world and to share in the making of society.

(http.V/www.geocities. com)

Task 10 B1 - "People and society" CD 1 - Track 17

Living with Disabilities

Do you know someone who uses a wheelchair? Wears glasses? Has difficulty in hear-ing? Technically, all these (and many more) are referred to as disabilities. Perhaps a more accurate term would be "different abilities". The fact is that many people who have a "disability" can do most if not all the things a "regularly-abled" person can do. They may just do them a little differently. For example, a person in a wheelchair may not be able to walk, but he or she can certainly move around. There are many "wheel-chair athletes" who compete in sporting events similar to those played by people who can walk. There are many examples of different or special abilities. The important thing to remem-ber is that if you use a reading device or glasses to read, or a wheelchair or a cane to help you move around, you are capable of learning, growing and maturing just like someone who doesn't need to use these devices. If you know someone who has a specific type of difficulty, you may realize that it is sometimes hard for him or her to have the same opportunities or experiences as you do. For example, if your friend is in a wheelchair and you go to a place that does not have a ramp or a lift, your friend cannot go along. People who have special needs are not dumb or incapable of doing all the things that you can do. They may just need a little extra help doing some tasks. Every person is dif-ferent, but most people want to have friends and participate in school and social activi-

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diameter and weighing nearly 4 kilograms, down the hill and the runners race off trying to catch it. The winner takes home the cheese as well as a few cuts and bruises. Common theories about the origins of cheese rolling include the idea that it began four hundred years ago as a pagan festival celebrating the onset of summer. Other hypothe-ses maintain the festival is related to ancient fertility rights and hopes for a successful harvest. Whatever the origin, locals take this festival very seriously and are much sur-prised to hear it described as quirky!

(http://www. bta. org. uk i k i

Task 7 "Family life CD 1 - Track 1 n

Domestic Chores

There was a time when the modern woman insisted her partner did 50 percent of the housework - or iron his own shirts at least. But the postmodern female has more than made peace with doing the domestic chores, and has embraced housework as "mental-ly therapeutic", according to a survey. The online study, commissioned by the Discovery Home and Health TV website, found that the average woman between 18 and 80 spent nine years, two months and 25 days of her adult waking life cleaning and tidying. But 59 percent of the women interviewed would have it no other way and said "cleaning makes them feel in control of their lives", while 60 percent said they found it "mentally therapeutic". The survey of 2,000 women found that cleaning chores featured higher on the average list of priorities than personal grooming - a woman spent two hours and 23 minutes cleaning and tidying, while only 52 minutes on personal appearance. Although only 22 percent said they actively enjoyed cleaning and tidying, the majority (64 percent) said the "results made them happy" and half said it was "visually joyful" which left them feeling "proud of their achievements". Nearly half of those interviewed (46 percent) described themselves as "cleanaholic? . while 46 percent wished they could "cut down on cleaning". Eight out of 10 respondents compared the cleanliness of their home with other people's, while 70 percent feared they would be thought "lazy" if their homes were untidy. Dee Smith, executive producer of the channel's Cleanaholics series, believed that "cleaning was the new therapy". "British women feel happier and more in control of their lives when their home is clean and tidy, and judging by their high-powered c lean-ing habits there are more desperate housewives on this side of the Atlantic than the other," she said.

(www.independent.co.uk new < uk < (By Arifa Akbar Monday. 24 April 2 >6>

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or tuna sandwiches with milk and fruit for dessert can make a fine family meal - it's the family that's important. Cook one meal that everyone eats. Always include fruits and vegetables. Children will accept them as a part of everyday meals and snacks and are more likely to eat them when they see you eat them. Involve children in making meals, setting tables and cleaning up. This makes the whole meal process family time, and children are more likely to eat the meals they're involved in making. If time is an issue, try preparing a meal at the weekend and setting aside a portion for later. Or prepare something for the next day after tonight's meal. Keep mealtimes pleasant. Remember the golden rule of eating - parents decide what's served, and children decide whether and how much to eat. Keep the conversation posi-tive and make sure everyone has the chance to talk and be heard. Focus on the meal and your family. Don't answer the phone. Turn off the TV. A family meal doesn't have to be dinner. For many families, morning is the only time they can get together. Remember, breakfast is when you eat not what you eat. Keep the food simple and enjoy!

(http://www. actnowbc. ca/EN/)


Very British Activities

Britain is famous for its sporting eccentrics, and a well-timed visit can take you to some of the island's crazier events. The Olney Pancake Race March is always on Shrove Tuesday. It starts at 11.55 a.m. from the Market Place in Olney and finishes at a point midway down Church Lane. The total distance covered is just over 450 metres and runners must toss their pancakes at the beginning and the end of the race. Participants should be local to Olney and dress as traditional housewives (although they do not have to be married!) and wear a skirt, apron and head scarf. The current winning time is 65 seconds. Pancake races are held throughout Britain on Shrove Tuesday but the Olney race is con-sidered to be the original, beginning the tradition in 1445. No one is certain why the race started but one theory tells the story of a harassed housewife who, on realising she was late for church, ran all the way there still carrying her frying pan containing a half-cooked pancake. Shrove Tuesday marks the beginning of Lent, a traditional fasting peri-od. The idea of eating pancakes was to use up all the butter and eggs before the fasting period began. Cheese Rolling is always on the last Spring Bank Holiday in May. Thousands of spec-tators gather on the grassy slopes of Coopers Hill overlooking the Severn Valley to watch this unique event. The first of four races starts at 12 p.m. A local dignitary starts the race by rolling a Double Gloucester cheese, measuring about 30 centimetres in

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ties. You can help your friends who have special needs by asking them about how you can best assist them, and by being understanding if they need a little extra time or assis-tance. With a little help they can generally participate in some way.

(http://www.pamf.org/teen)


Former Jobs of Celebrities

Most of us aren't born with a silver spoon in our mouths - even famous people. Just like us, they've had to work hard to make their way up the job ladder. Here are some facts from stars' lives.

1. Mick Jagger Before he began his career on stage, Sir Michael Phillip "Mick" Jagger, lead singer of The Rolling Stones, worked as a porter at the Bexley Mental Hospital when he was a student at the London School of Economics. He earned about $7.80 U.S. His job at the hospital might have inspired a couple of the Stones' early hits, such as "19th Nervous Breakdown" and "Mother's Little Helper".

2. Clint Eastwood Clint Eastwood is a Hollywood icon. From Westerns in the 1960s to rebel cop Dirty Harry in the 1970s to a focus on directing since the 1980s, Eastwood has created a body of work that has garnered respect, box office success and numerous awards. But before that, Eastwood earned his daily bread digging swimming pools for the rich and famous of Beverly Hills, while at night he had auditions for bit parts. He had worked as a lum-berjack, steel mill worker, aircraft factory worker and gas station attendant. Now, he's the one lounging around the pool.

3. Whoopi Goldberg Academy Award-winner Whoopi Goldberg has firmly established herself as an out-spoken, emancipated, confident star. But she wasn't always living in the lap of luxury. Growing up in the tough Chelsea projects in New York City, her first job was as a brick-layer. When that position fizzled out, she took on the role of a garbage collector and then a funeral makeup artist - whatever job she could get to make ends meet.

4. Ozzy Osbourne Singer Ozzy Osbourne, born John Michael Osbourne, is the lead singer of the pioneer-ing heavy metal band Black Sabbath, a popular solo artist, and a reality TV star with his wife Sharon and two children, Kelly and Jack. Growing up in England, Osbourne was once a labourer in a slaughterhouse.

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5. Sean Connery Sean Connery is probably best known for portraying James Bond seven times. He also showed his versatility with movies such as "Highlander" and "The Untouchables", for which he won an Oscar. But Connery's first job was as a milkman in his native Scotland. After a stint in the Royal Navy, he took on numerous jobs in the late 1940s and early 1950s, including lifeguard, ditch digger and artist's model. In 1953, he even competed in the Mr. Universe contest, placing third in the tall man's division.

6. Madonna Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone splashed onto the music scene in the early 1980s. Her "Like a Virgin" album and subsequent tour took the world by storm, and she's never looked back. But the early years in New York City were tough for Madonna, and she found herself working at a number of low-paying jobs, including a stint at a Dunkin' Donuts in Times Square. But, in true Madonna fashion, she was fired for squirting jelly filling all over customers!

(http://entertainment, howstuffworks. com)


Watch Your Body Language!

I 'm never bored at airports. Quite the reverse. I visit them like other people go to the ballet. And nowhere is the performance so enjoyable as at Heathrow, the world's top international airport.

Each nationality has its own language of posture and gesture. But since these body-lin-gos are often mutually incomprehensible, an innocent gesture made in an airport lounge may well be an unwitting insult.

Something in your eye? Think before you touch the lower lid. If a Saudi sees you, he'll think you're calling him stupid, but a South American senorita will think you're mak-ing a pass at her.

A Sardinian woman asks if it is easy to find a taxi at Heathrow. The answer she gets is a cheery thumbs up. Immediately she clonks the unfortunate man with her handbag for making such a devastatingly obscene suggestion. This is why, incidentally, it is inadvis-able to hitch-hike in Sardinia.

Isn't there at least one truly international gesture? Don't bet on it. A Japanese asks an American passenger whether Heathrow has a luggage trolley service. It has. And, as it happens, this service is not only first class, but it's free! So the Yank replies with the

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famous "A-Okey" ring gesture. But to the Japanese it signifies money, and he concludes that there is a large charge for the service.

Meanwhile a Tunisian on-looker thinks the American is telling the Japanese that he is a worthless rogue and he is going to kill him...

Eyes peeled, next time you're there! (taken from an advertisement for the British Airport Authority)

iTask 13 B1 - "Travel" CD 1 - Track 201

Alternative Means of Transport

The availability of means of transport other than the car is one of the most important ways to maintain older people's mobility. Such options allow older people to travel and they need to ensure that the complete travel chain is suitable for older people, taking account of older people's capabilities and limitations. That is, they should be affordable and accessible. Alternatives to the car are often provided by community transport and paratransit (Dial-a-Ride) services. These can be useful, although a drawback of these services is that they often require advance booking. They rarely permit spontaneous travel of the kind that is possible by car or on foot. Powered wheelchairs, scooters and golf carts constitute another class of mobility alter-native that does not require a driving licence. These vehicles allow for spontaneous trav-el and are being used for journeys of up to about 4 km which are made under favourable weather conditions. No single form of transport provides mobility for all people under all circumstances. A family of services is needed that enables travellers to select the one that best suits their requirements for a particular journey. These services include conventional public trans-port services, which are accessible to passengers in wheelchairs, if possible; bus service routes using small vehicles that pick up and discharge passengers close to origin and destination, this service is particularly appropriate for areas where demand is low (for example in rural areas); conventional taxis, often with user-side subsidies in order to reduce the fare; dial-a-Ride service for door-to-door travel for passengers who require assistance and/or who use a wheelchair that cannot be accommodated by a taxi or accessi-ble bus; accessible pedestrian infrastructure to allow access to all transport services and to make journeys wholly on foot or by powered wheelchair or scooter.

(http://www. erso. eu/knowledge/)

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Making New Friends

Solitude is enjoyed by any individual. Spending time with oneself and indulging in some fruitful introspection is something that many people crave, but unfortunately do not find time for. However, when this solitude becomes loneliness, it can get problem-atic. Finding new friends is not at all difficult provided you keep an open mind and be confident in yourself. Always remember that tomorrow's friends are in fact today's strangers. We bring some ideas and suggestions for how to make new friends. To make new friends, the first thing you need to do is meet up with new people. This should be quite simple as your neighbourhood should have a club, school or any other small orga-nization. Go there and talk to people. You will be surprised to see the response you get. Don't be too haughty or condescending. It is far more important to be nice than be interesting. So once you get into a social circle or group, making friends is not tough at all. Look approachable. You need not dress up in dandy clothes or wear loud make up to attract people. More than artificial make up, simplicity attracts people. Smile often, make eye contact, don't look too tense and listen to what others have to say. Accept people the way they are. Unnecessary fault finding, critically analyzing each and every individual will not work if you want to make new friends. No one is perfect; you are not either. Everyone has faults and the way to make friends is by looking at the positive aspects of the individual. In case you don't like someone's behavior, it is bet-ter to avoid them than create a rivalry. Try to keep your communication channels open. Don't sit back relaxing and expecting lasting friendships to occur. It requires communication from both sides. So call up people you have just met, email old friends who have moved away, drop an occasional sms just to say hi. You will be pleasantly surprised at the responses that you get. Show people you are reliable and can be trusted. In a new group, ask if you could offer something to drink or invite someone over. Exchange phone numbers and don't forget to call up. Remember, it is essential to take the first step to begin the journey of an ever-lasting friendship. When someone entrusts you with some work, give it your best shot. Last but not least, don't forget old friends. If they have moved away or if you have moved away, be in touch with occasional phone calls and emails. Don't leave old friends for the sake of new ones.

(http://festivals, iloveindia. com/)

iTask 15 B1 - "Travel" CD 1 - Track 221

Car Sharing

Transportation is the life-blood of any economy. And yet, our fast-growing urban centres are faced with increasingly clogged arteries.

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Car Sharing is the "missing link" in our urban transportation systems. It should be an important option in every major urban centre. The biggest determinant to vehicle use is vehicle ownership. Car Sharing helps people kick the car-owning habit, without going cold turkey, and with the financial reward of saving money. Best of all, across North America, city governments and transit agencies have finally begun to understand and support car sharing. Let's just mention some statistics. One shared car replaces at least 6 individually owned cars. 27% of those who have joined Car Sharing use mass transit more than they did before. 15% of members of Car Sharing have given up their own cars and 25% have not even bought a car since they joined this system. What is more, people started to drive less; the average driving reduction is more than 55%. An average North American car is driven just 66 minutes a day. Although people drive less, they spend more money on cars. While in 1998 households spent 14.8% of their income on cars, in 1990 it was only 13.2%. If you want to know more about Car Sharing in your city, do not hesitate to contact us at 80-378999 or email us to: [email protected].

(http://www.carsharing.netl)

[Task 16 B1 "Work" CD 1 - Track 231

Students and Part-Time Jobs

You will probably find that as a student you will need to take a part time job to make you more financially independent from your parents. You may choose to work in the day (when you are not in college or university), in the evening or at the weekend. Employers look at any employment as an asset and most companies look to employ people with previous communication, motivational, problem solving, planning, organisational or IT skills. So as well as earning you some much-needed money, part-time work will also help you with your future employment. If you are a disabled student, be realistic about what you can and can't do but don't be put off a job because the workplace is not accessible to you. All employers have a responsibility to make sure that they offer a workplace that is as accessible as possible for disabled people. Also, your employer might never have had a disabled employee before and the barriers to thriving in the workplace are different for every disabled person. It's usually a matter of gradual education, both for the employer and for you. Don't expect everything to be perfect from day one. There are lots of ways to find part-time work. Go to your local Connexions Centre or your school or college careers service and look at the opportunities. Speak to your tutors and find out if your college or university has a job shop or schemes for work experience. Target the sectors that you are interested in working in - write to them including your

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CV. If you look in the Yellow Pages, this will help you with addresses. Volunteer in a company to get experience and then make yourself useful and be on the spot if any vacancies come up. Speak to friends and relatives and ask them to keep their eyes open for vacancies where they work. Whatever you decide to do, look after yourself and be careful about how much you can take on. The extra money is great but you also need to ensure that you have enough time and energy for your studies and have a social life too.

(http://www.connexionsdirect.com)


Julia Roberts

From the moment of her appearance in the role of a street prostitute who wins the jack-pot - the heart of a handsome millionaire (Richard Gere) - in "Pretty Woman", Julia Roberts was announced as one of the brightest young stars in Hollywood. Her credo is romantic comedy and light drama. She has a peculiar prankish attractiveness compar-able to that of young Audrey Hepburn. Like Hepburn, Roberts possesses a beauty not typical of Hollywood. Skinny as a bean-pole, with long legs and rich curly hair, she is more awkward than elegant. Her big grey eyes and big mouth can express the finest emotions on the screen. The increased attention to her persona did not stop Julia from being Oscar nominated twice before celebrating her 24th birthday, and to be one of the highest paid actresses in Hollywood. The image of Julia as the girl next door has its roots in reality as she was born in the small town of Smyrna near Atlanta, Georgia, daughter to a vacuum cleaner salesman and a church secretary. Her parents divorced when she was just 4 years old, and her father, who had a deep attachment to Julia, died of cancer five years after the divorce. In her childhood Julia dreamed of becoming a veterinarian. She kept that dream until finishing high school, and at age 17 she went to her sister Lisa in New York, determined to become an actress. She registered with some acting courses but finished none of them. In order to pay grow-ing bills Julia signed a contract with a fashion agency called Click. In 1986 her elder brother, Eric persuaded director Eric Masterson to sign his sister, for his film "Red Blood", which wasn't shown on screen until 1990. In 1988, Roberts earned praise for her participation in two films - "Satisfaction" and "Mystic Pizza". Critics predicted a promising future for the debutante actress and they were not mistaken. In 1989 she played a doomed bride in "Steel Magnolias" which brought her an Oscar nomination for best actress. In 1990 the film "Pretty Woman" turned the talented beginner into a superstar, and she received another Oscar nomina-tion. The film became an instant smash hit, which set a new record at the box-office. The following two films - "Neighbours" and "Sleeping with the Enemy" confirmed her histrionic talent. Then came a period of disappointments; her following films were not

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successful. Gossip began to spread on Hollywood movie sets that Roberts was "a direc-tor's nightmare". She also had a troubled private life. 1993 began with a new romance between Julia and composer Lyle Lovett which led to a marriage that lasted for 21 months. After the divorce the ex-couple still remained good friends. In 1995 Julia returned to the American screen with Lasse Hallstrom's "Something to Talk about", which brought back the critics' respect for her. Her role in the film "Everyone Says I Love You" where she was Woody Allen's partner, became a success. Though Julia Roberts is not the most highly paid actress of Hollywood now, she still gets eight-digit salaries. In 1997 the thriller "Conspiracy Theory" opened, the actress co-starred with Mel Gibson. During the same year she starred in "My Best Friend's Wedding", for which she received a Golden Globe nomination.

(http://www.netkushi.com/)

Task 18 B1 - "Lifestyle" CD 1 - Track 25

How to Prevent Colds

We can't promise you'll never get hit with the cold or suffer a bout of the flu, but you can increase your odds of staying well with these strategies. If you do get sick, we've also included some tips for getting better faster. While colds won't kill you, they can weaken your immune system to the point that other, more serious germs can take hold in your body. Just think how many times your cold turned into bronchitis or a sinus infection. And given that the average American adult suffers two to three colds a year, that's a lot of opportunities for serious illness - and just as many to prevent one! So, here's our first advice: wash your hands twice every time you wash them. When Columbia University researchers looked for germs on volunteers' hands, they found one hand-washing had little effect, even when using antibacterial soap. So wash twice if you're serious about fending off colds. Secondly, carry hand sanitizer with you. Colds are typically passed not from coughing or kissing (although these are two modes of transmission) but from hand-to-hand or hand-to-object contact, since most cold viruses can live for hours on an object. You then put your hand in or near your mouth or nose, and voilà! You're sick. Carry hand sanitizer gel or sanitizing towelettes with you and you can clean your hands anytime. One study of absenteeism due to infection in elementary schools found schools using the gel sanitizer had absentee rates from infection nearly 20 percent lower than those using other hand-cleaning methods. Use your knuckle to rub your eyes. It's less likely to be contaminated with viruses than your fingertip. This is particularly important given that the eye provides a perfect entry point for germs, and the average person rubs his eyes or nose or scratches his face 20-50 times a day, notes Jordan Rubin, Ph.D., author of the book "The Maker's Diet". Run your toothbrush through the microwave on high for 10 seconds to kill germs that cause colds and other illnesses. You think it gets your teeth clean - and it does. But once

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you're done brushing, your toothbrush is a breeding ground for germs. Sterilize it in the microwave before you use it. Lower the heat in your house 5 degrees. The dry air of an overheated home provides the perfect environment for cold viruses to thrive. And when your mucous membranes (that is nose, mouth, tonsils) dry out, they can't trap these germs very well. Lowering the tem-perature and using a room humidifier help maintain a healthier level of humidity in the winter. Sit in a sauna once a week. Why? Because an Austrian study published in 1990 found that volunteers who frequently used a sauna had half the rate of colds during the six-month study period than those who didn't use a sauna at all. It is possible that the hot air you inhale kills cold viruses. Most gyms have saunas these days. Eat a container of yogurt every day. A study from the University of California-Davis found that people who ate one cup of yogurt - whether live culture or pasteurized - had 25 percent fewer colds than non-yogurt eaters. Start your yogurt eating in the summer to build up your immunity before the cold and flu season starts. Don't pressure your doctor for antibiotics. Colds and flu (along with most common infections) are caused by viruses, so antibiotics - designed to kill bacteria - won't do a thing. They can hurt, however, by killing off the friendly bacteria that are part of our immune defenses. If you've used antibiotics a lot lately, consider a course of probiotics - replacement troops for friendly bacteria.

(http://www.rd.com/)


Get Organised

Being organised in one's life is very important. When you are organised you will bene-fit from the following advantages: reduced stress in your life, you will fulfil your work on time, you will arrive at meetings prepared and on'time andlhese will lead to other advantages as well. If you are a student, being organised will definitely help you get bet-ter grades. So if you are disorganised and want to improve the quality of your life, the following tips could help you. So listen and take action today!

Write down appointments. With all the appointments that one might have, it is easy to schedule two appointments at the same time or miss an appointment. This will create stress in your life. By using a diary or time planner, either a physical or an online one, you can easily organise your life. All the appointments will be organised in one place and you can feel confident that you have scheduled the appointments at the proper time, leaving enough personal time.

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might take different time periods, depending on the severity of the habit and one's character. Don't worry. Take your time. The most important thing is that you make a plan and that you actually follow it. You will motivate yourself to work more when you see that you are succeeding in breaking your habit.

Tell everyone about your plan to break the habit. This is a very common and useful technique to get motivated to do something. In this case, you want to break a habit. By telling people that you want to break one of your habits, people will support you and encourage you to do so. People will also serve as a reminder every now and then, since they keep asking about your progress in breaking your habit.

(http://blog.fruitfultime. com/)


Rice is Nice?

Test results released today by Greenpeace International establish that rice products being sold in the Middle East region have been contaminated by Bayer's illegal geneti-cally engineered (GE) rice grown in field trials in the United States. Contamination in the Middle East has serious global implications as the region is the world's 2nd largest importer of US rice and a major re-exporter of food throughout the Asia region. Today, Greenpeace activists challenged Agriculture Ministers attending the International Rice Congress (IRC) in Delhi to take immediate action to prevent the con-tinuing contamination of the world's most important staple food. Conference delegates were presented with symbolic bowls of rice with question marks. Agricultural ministers of eight countries are participating in the IRC, to set the agenda for rice production and export over the next five years, discussing trade issues as well as scientific innovations and sustainable solutions for rice production. Ironically, Bayer and Monsanto, the two main advocates for the GE industry, are jointly sponsoring the Congress, placing them in a key position to influence the agenda to their advantage. Contamination from Bayer's rice has already been found in nine countries, and resulted in import restrictions against the United States. "The contaminated rice in the Middle East is yet another body blow to the US rice industry, already reeling under product recalls, testing requirements, import restrictions and cancelled orders in many countries," said Divya Raghunandan, GE campaigner from Greenpeace India. "Now, more than ever before, it is clear that GE crops pose a serious risk and that 'con-trolled field trials' are a dangerous myth. Any country allowing GE crops to be grown, even in field trials, is exposing its farmers and traders of agricultural produce to an economic and environmental disaster. A complete ban is the only solution," added Raghunandan. NEW DELHI, India, October 10, 2006

(www.phmiracleliving.com)

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Task 22, 23 B1 - "Lifestyle" CD 1 - Track 29


Television viewing is a major activity and influence on children and adolescents. Children in the United States watch an average of three to four hours of television a day. By the time of high school graduation, they will have spent more time watching televi-sion than they have in the classroom. While television can entertain, inform, and keep our children company, it may also influence them in undesirable ways. Time spent watching television takes away from important activities such as reading, school work, playing, exercise, family interaction and social development. Children also learn information from the television that may be inappropriate or incorrect. They are influenced by the thousands of commercials seen each year, many of which are for alcohol, junk food, fast food and toys. Children who watch a lot of television are likely to have lower grades in school, read fewer books and be overweight. What can parents do? First of all, they can ensure that children have a positive experi-ence with television. Parents should view programs with their children. They can encourage discussions with the children about what they are seeing. While watching, making connections to history, books, places of interest and personal events, talking about personal and family values can also be a big help. Ask your children to compare what they are watching with real events. Talk about the realistic consequences of vio-lence. Discuss the role of advertising and its influence on buying. Parents should also select developmentally appropriate shows. Children's shows on public TV are appropriate, but soap operas, adult sitcoms and adult talk shows are not. Place limits on the amount of television viewing (per day and per week). Turn off the television during family meals and study time so that it should be clear for children that study times are for learning, not for sitting in front of the television doing homework. Besides, meal times are a good time for family members to talk with each other. All in all, parents should encourage their child to be involved in hobbies, sports and peers. With proper guidance, children can learn to use television in a healthy and positive way.

(http://www.aacap.org/)

Task 24 B1 - "Science and technology" CD 1 - Track 30

The Digital Divide

A recent survey has shown that the number of people in the United Kingdom who do not intend to get internet access has risen. These people, who are known as "net refuseniks", make up 44% of UK households, or 11.2 million people in total.

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The research also showed that more than 70 percent of these people said that they were not interested in getting connected to the internet. This number has risen from just over 50% in 2005, with most giving lack of computer skills as a reason for not getting inter-net access, though some also said it was because of the cost. More and more people are getting broadband and high speed internet is available almost everywhere in the UK, but there are still a significant number of people who refuse to take the first step. The cost of getting online is going down and internet speeds are increasing, so many see the main challenge to be explaining the relevance of the internet to this group. This would encourage them to get connected before they are left too far behind. The gap between those who have access to and use the internet and those who don't is the digi-tal divide, and if the gap continues to widen, those without access will get left behind and miss out on many opportunities, especially in their careers.

(http://www.usingenglish.com)

iTask 25 B1 - "School" CD 1 - Track 31

School Life for a 13-year Old British Boy

My school is a mixed 11-18 school. There are about 1,150 students in my school, includ-ing 200 in the sixth form. It is called a Technology College and specialises in Computers and Maths. My school has over 1200 computers (including over 400 tablet PCs). I am in year 8. I presently have to decide what GCSEs I would like to start working towards. I sit my GCSE exams next year instead of the year after when most other peo-ple of my age will be doing them. Some subjects are compulsory like Maths, English, Science and a foreign language. I am not sure what other GSCEs I will be taking. I will have to decide soon.

My school day I leave home at 6.45 and walk 20 minutes to catch a bus to school. The bus is a special one just for kids going to my school. The journey on the bus takes an hour because it has to keep stopping to pick up other students along the way. When I arrive at school, I collect my Tablet PC from the Flexi (Flexible Learning Centre). Then I go to my Tutor Room for Registration at 8.30. We also listen to announcements to see what special things are happening at school today or this week. At about 8.50 we leave Tutor Room to go to our First Period. Every day I have a dif-ferent lesson the first period. Normally it is Humanities but I also have Maths, Drama and Music, and French on other days. Each period lasts an hour. All my lessons are in different rooms and places around the school. Each room either has a three digit number or a name.

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List the tasks you need to do. To make lists is a very effective technique in organising your life. Every day, before starting to work on your tasks one after the other, make a list of all the tasks (also known as a to do list) that you have to do. Then prioritise your tasks, putting those tasks that are important at the very top. This will help you focus your energy on the important tasks that you have to achieve today. You can also put an estimate of how much time each task will take to complete, and hence you will be able to plan your time better.

Split a complex task into several simpler sub-tasks. Our brains are not optimised to handle complex tasks in one go. Instead, we tend to break a complex task into smaller and less complex tasks. This allows us to handle a simple task at a time, but at the same time working to solve the bigger and more com-plex task. When you need to solve a complex task, split it up into several sub-tasks until each sub-task is simple enough to handle.

(http://blog.fruitfultime.com/)


The Secret of How to Break a Habit

Stopping a habit is not easy and one encounters various levels of difficulty in trying to do so. These difficulty levels depend on what the habit is, for how long has it been part of the victim's life and how often the victim exercised the habit. For instance, smoking can be a very difficult habit to break. It depends for how long a person has been smoking and how many cigarettes a day he used to smoke. Apart from that it also depends on the type of character one has. There are cases of people who used to smoke daily for years and they stopped immediately (something which is not recommended). Whilst on the other hand, there are smokers who smoke daily in small amounts but find it very hard to say no.

Here are three tips that you should keep in mind when trying to break any kind of bad habit.

Get to know the reality about your habit. Some people don't think about how awful their habit is. They don't realise that their habit is affecting for instance their health and affecting others around them. For instance, alcoholics sometimes don't know the effect alcohol has on their health. They also don't realise that their friends make fun of them. Hence, getting to know the reality about your habit will motivate you to break your habit. Plan on how to nuke your habit. Don't rush to stop your habit tomorrow since you will not succeed. Plan slowly and in detail how you are going to reduce your dependency on the habit, little by little, until you are at a point where the habit doesn't affect you any more. For different people, it

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Swipe cards Every student carries a swipe card. We swipe into every lesson to let the school know that we have attended that certain lesson and to know where we are in case of emer-gencies. On the swipe card there are two stripes, a black and a brown. The brown is to swipe into lessons and the black is to get into the toilets and buildings. We can put money on our swipe cards instead of carrying cash around. When we want to pay for snacks at the Tuck Shop or canteen, we just hand over our cards and they deduct the money.

Lunch I bring a packed lunch to school but occasionally I have school dinners in the school canteen. The canteen is open at lunch time and break time. Most hot food is only served at lunch time. Chips are only available on Mondays and Fridays. At 3.10 it is the end of school. Sometimes I stay after school for clubs.

Tablet PC We don't use our Tablet PCs in all lessons because some rooms do not have enough power sockets. We use the Tablets to do our work on and to search the Internet. Our Tablet PCs are connected to a network so we can send our work straight to our teachers and they can send them back with their comments.

Written by Erik (h tip://www. woodlands-jun ior. kent. sch. uk/)


Speed-Dating

Busy British men and women are participating in a novel new way of meeting prospective partners; speed dating. Single men and women attend an event, usually in a bar or club. During the event, they will have the opportunity to meet a series of poten-tial partners. As the term speed-dating suggests, they only have three minutes to impress each person before rotating to the next.

The concept of speed-dating originated in Los Angeles, California in 1999. It was invented by a rabbi to help singles in the Jewish community find a partner. Originally singles were given eight minutes together, to make an impression before moving on to the next potential partner. At the end of the rotation they wrote down who was hot and who was not, and in the case of a good match contact details were exchanged.

The concept was soon exported, and took off in London in 2000. The craze soon spread all over the UK, and spawned Speed Dating Agencies and an Internet Site for finding Mr or Ms Right. The eight minute limit is supposedly based on science. It is the time required for our hormones to tell us whether the person opposite us is a potential mate. In our increasingly busy lives, where traditional courtship rituals are disappearing

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this time limit has now been further reduced to only three minutes, about the same time it takes us to brush our teeth.

(http://www. onestopenglish. com/)


The First Computer Programmer

Ada Lovelace was the daughter of the poet Lord Byron. She was taught by Mary Somerville, a well-known researcher and a scientific author, who introduced her to Charles Babbage in June 1833. Babbage was an English mathematician, who first had the idea for a programmable computer.

In 1842 and 1843, Ada translated the work of an Italian mathematician, Luigi Menabrea, on Babbage's Analytical Engine. Though mechanical, this machine was an important step in the history of computers; it was the design of a mechanical general-purpose computer. Babbage worked on it for many years until his death in 1871. However, because of financial, political and legal issues, the engine was never built. The design of the machine was very modern; it anticipated the first complete general-pur-pose computer by about 100 years.

When Ada translated the article, she added a set of notes which specified in com-plete detail a method for calculating certain numbers with the Analytical Engine, which has since been recognized by historians as the world's first computer program. She also saw possibilities in it that Babbage hadn't: she realised that the machine could compose pieces of music. The computer programming language "Ada", used in some aviation and military programs, is named after her.

(http://www. usingenglish. com/)

ITask 28 B1 - "School" CD 2 - Track 31

The Hardest Language

People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because there are many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant as people learn their mother tongue naturally, so the ques-tion of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when learning a second language.

A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of Chinese, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so first language can affect learning a second language. The greater the differences between the second language and our first, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the

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pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own lan-guage, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.

Some people seem to learn languages readily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learned also play an important role, as well as each learner's motivation for learning. If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people study-ing a language that has no direct use in their day to day life.

Apparently, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have, found to be the most problematic is Hungarian, which has 35 cases (forms of nouns according to whether it is subject, object, genitive, etc.). This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most dif-ficulty. However, Tabassaran, a Caucasian language has 48 cases, so it might cause more difficulty if British diplomats had to learn it.

Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. In the case of Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar alphabet, but the grammatical complexity, though native speakers of related languages may find it easier, while struggling with languages that the British find relatively easy.

No language is easy to learn well, though languages which are related to our first lan-guage are easier. Learning a completely different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does not necessarily make a language more difficult than another. In the end, it is impossible to say that there is one language that is the most difficult language in the world.

(http://www. usingenglish. com)


Short Biography of Johnny Cash

Known as "The Man in Black" for the way he dressed on stage, Johnny Cash began his five-decade career in 1955. As his career progressed, he kept to his own style of song - a sound that often intersected folk, ran alongside rock & roll, but was labelled as country. Before J.R., as he was called on his birth certificate and how family members addressed him, was a teenager, he knew that he enjoyed writing songs. In high school, he performed for the town's local radio station, and he tried to create songs that made his mother proud. As a youngster, the accidental death of his brother would haunt Cash for the rest of his days. Many claim that this was the muse for his melancholic, dark sound - another primary reason he always wore black.

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Inspired by a documentary film about Folsom Prison while serving in the Air Force from 1950 until 1954, Cash bought a guitar and wrote more music, including one of his most famous recordings entitled "Folsom Prison Blues". Throughout the early to mid 1960s, Johnny Cash became addicted to amphetamines, thereby making him more withdrawn than ever from the public's eye. And, in 1965, he was arrested for attempting to smuggle drugs in his guitar case through El Paso airport. These unfortunate events coupled with his unsure relationship with June Carter sparked some destructive behaviour. His career did not bounce back until Carter was able to help him overcome his drug addiction and convert him to a fundamental form of Christianity. Following that, in 1968, Johnny Cash made two remarkable career-boosting moves: he married June Carter and recorded a live album entitled "Johnny Cash, At Folsom Prison". Between them, the couple shared seven children and June Carter gave birth to John Carter Cash in 1971, who was their only son. In 1975, Cash published his autobiography entitled "Man in Black". In the early 80s, he became the youngest inductee into the Country Music Hall of Fame. Throughout the rest of the 80s and 90s, and into the 21st century, he released numerous award-winning albums.

(http://www.biographyshelf.com/)

Task 30 B1 - "Free time and culture" CD 2 - Track 5

What Are Extreme Sports?

You've probably seen the term "extreme sports" in magazines, and seen it advertised in sporting goods stores. The term is becoming more and more common. So, what exactly are extreme sports? The definition of extreme sports is not very clear. Generally speaking, extreme sports are activities that are associated with an adrenaline rash that is jel t by the participant. These activities are often dangerous and any mistake could result in injury or even death. During the 1970's and 1980's, the term "extreme sports" was almost exclusively used for sports that had high risks involved and often resulted in death. Today, how-ever, extreme sports also include activities that give a feeling of an adrenaline rush not necessarily putting the participant's life in harms way. Extreme sports cover a vast assortment of activities. A few of the more common types include mountain biking, climbing and drag racing. Other kinds of extreme sports have deve-loped from a familiar activity. For example, skiing is a common sport. More aggressive ver-sions of skiing, such as barefoot skiing and extreme skiing, have developed over the years. Base jumping involves jumping from fixed objects with the use of a parachute. "Base" stands for the objects that a participant can use to launch from: a building, antenna, span (such as a bridge), or the Earth (such as a cliff). There are many other variations of extreme sports. Extreme sports are growing in popularity, especially among young people. New types of extreme activities continue to be developed. Some argue that their popularity is due

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to marketing trends. They state that marketing strategies give some extreme sports a dangerous image, even though they do not involve high risks of danger. Regardless, these sports are gaining a large audience and are growing in popularity and participation. Now that the question "what are extreme sports?" has been answered, you may be inter-ested in trying some of them out. Certain versions of extreme sports require proper train-ing, while other types, such as mountain biking, can be performed without professional guidance. Whatever you decide to do, be sure to use the appropriate equipment and the proper safety precautions. As people, young and old, continue to develop these activities, more understand what extreme sports are. While the trend continues, you can expect to see a greater variety of sports available, each one more unlikely than the last. You may even invent an extreme sport of your own.

By John Anderson (http://www. catalogs, com)


The Milk

Charles, a wealthy young city boy, was walking one sunny spring morning in the countryside and, coming to a farm, he asked for a bowl of milk and paid for it. He sat in the shade of a tree, broke his bread into pieces and dropped them into the milk. John, a poor boy from the nearby village, who was very pale because he was always under-nourished, looked at the boy under the tree and would have desired to share that bowl of milk with him but he was too well-mannered to ask.

Charles noticed the boy and thought about leaving something in his bowl for the other boy but did not do so. When he had finished drinking his milk he noticed some writing on the bottom of his bowl and he began to blush. He immediately asked for another bowl of milk and a large piece of bread. When they were brought to him he called John, broke the bread as he had done for himself and told the boy to eat.

The phrase that he had seen at the bottom of the bowl read: "Those who forget the poor do not deserve their own food." Charles said to himself: "This is a phrase that should be inscribed on every dish that the rich own!"

Task 32 B1 - "Free time and culture' CD 2 - Track 7

Cricket History

The origins of cricket are very vague, and many theories have been put forward suggesting its origins. However, it is commonly accepted that the game originated from a very old leisure activity indulged in by shepherds.

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The first evidence of cricket being played was recorded in the year 1550, by the pupils of Royal Grammar School, Guildford. In the year 1611 it is reported that two young men from Sussex were punished for playing cricket instead of going to church. The first match is recorded to have been played at Coxheath in Kent in the year 1646. Earlier cricket used to thrive greatly as a gambling game. People used to place huge amounts in bets on matches and thus the game started to gain recognition. During the 18th century cricket survived and thrived due to the huge amounts of money via monetary backing and gambling. The first instance of a match to be played between counties in England is recorded to be on 29th June in the year 1709. The match was played between Surrey and Kent at Dartford. In the year 1787, the Marylebone Cricket Club also known as the as the MCC was created. The MCC has since then gone on to become one of the most prominent bodies in world cricket. Cricket in its initial days was restricted to the aristocratic class of England. Cricket gradually went on to become the national game of England. The late 18th century was a very crucial phase for the development of the game, both within and outside of Britain. The game was spread far and wide mainly due to England's imperialism. Wherever they went, the game went with them and thus spread outside of England. The first official match was held between Canada and the United States in the year 1844. In the present times, cricket has its own following of loyal fans. The International Cricket Council, better known as the ICC is the governing body in world cricket. The ICC was founded on the 15th of June in the year 1909.

(h ttp ://www. stickiewicket. com/)

Task 33 B1 - "Family life" CD 2 - Track 8

Getting Your Child to Love Reading

Children who read for pleasure become lifelong readers. Helping your children to enjoy reading is one of the most important things you can do as a parent and is well worth the investment of your time and energy. Kids will learn reading skills in school, but often they come to associate reading with work, not pleasure. As a result, they lose their desire to read. And it is that desire - the curiosity and interest - that is the cornerstone to using reading and related skills suc-cessfully. By far the most effective way to encourage your children to love books and reading is to read aloud to them, and the earlier you start, the better. Even a baby of a few months can see pictures, listen to your voice, and turn cardboard pages. Make this time togeth-er a special time when you hold your kids and share the pleasure of a story without the distractions of TV or telephones. You may be surprised to find that a well-written chil-dren's book is often as big a delight to you as it is to the kids. And don't stop taking the time to read aloud once your children have learned to read for themselves. At this stage,

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encourage them to read to you some of the time. This shared enjoyment will continue to strengthen your children's interest and appreciation. Simply having books, magazines and newspapers around your home will help children to view them as part of daily life. And your example of reading frequently and enjoying it will reinforce that view. While your children are still very small, it's a good idea to start a home library for them, even if it's just a shelf or two. Be sure to keep some books for litt-le children to handle freely. How you handle books will eventually influence how your kids treat them. Children imitate, so if they see that you enjoy reading and treat books gently and with respect, it is likely that they will do the same. When you read aloud together, choose books that you both like. If a book seems dull, put it down and find one that is appealing. There are, however, so many children's books in print that making the best selections may seem a formidable task". If your children are school-aged, keep in mind that the school library is an excellent source for a wide variety of materials and the school librarian is knowledgeable about children's literature. Encourage your kids to bring home books from their school library for pleasure as well as for their studies.

(h ttp://www. readingrockets. org/)

iTask 34 B1 - "Travel" CD 2 - T r a c M

Spoilt Holiday

When booking our holiday, we weren't told that the apartments overlooked a very busy road. Neither was it mentioned on the internet. Although we were at the back of the apartments, we could still hear the traffic. There is also a pub/disco next door, which again, isn't mentioned in the brochure or on the net. Friends of ours were at the front of the apartments and had to be moved, because they couldn't get any sleep. There is also a taxi rank just across the road and the drivers would gather together at night. Their constant noise (talking, laughing and shouting) also kept residents awake. Upon arriving at the apartments (very late at night) there was no one to meet us. The owner was the only person around and he was manning the bar as well as the reception area, which was also in the bar area. As a result of this, it took a while for everyone to be sorted and taken to their rooms. As we were very tired and hungry, all we wanted to do was get something to eat and then go to bed. We went out to the bar and asked for a hot snack, which was very pleasantly served, but which turned out to be cold. When we first arrived, the owner took our passports from us and informed us that they would be returned the next day. They weren't but we didn't worry about this. We thought they would be safe with them. We thought wrong! When we asked for them back on the Thursday of our next week, we were told that they couldn't find them. We were constantly being asked if we had not had them and lost them ourselves. We found the attitude of the staff towards us very unsatisfactory. They did little to help us find our

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passports. Although we suggested to the staff to go round every apartment and ask everyone to check their passports, they didn't take us up on it. In the end, we had to do it ourselves. This produced results immediately. It turned out that the owner himself had given our passports to another resident without checking them first. What angered us most about this, was that the owner and the rest of the staff constantly insisted that they had not given them out to anyone else and that we must have had them and lost them. Even when we got our passports back, we didn't get any apology from them. Although we had a good time initially, we felt that the loss of our passports and the attitude of the staff at the apartments spoilt our holiday for the last few days. We certainly won't be going back again.

(http://www: tripadvisor. com/)


Book Reviews: Tuesdays With Morrie, by Mitch Albom

"Tuesdays with Morrie" by Mitch Albom is the perfect weekend book. Semi-autobiographical in nature, Albom tells the story of his life after he happens to see a former professor of his from Brandeis University (Massachusetts) on TV. He finally summoned up the courage to visit Morrie Schwartz at his home, after finding out that he was dying of ALS, a deadly disease. Morrie offered Albom one final class, with him as the only student every Tuesday in Morrie's house. The requirements were to visit him, talk, listen, and write down everything he learned. His conversations on life, religion, families, dealing with our pasts, making career choices, and deciding what's important in life touch everyone. There is not a single person who can't learn something or be touched by something in this book. As Albom's visits with Morrie continue, the professor's health is deteriorating. Albom had made it a point to always bring food to his visits, but soon the professor was not able to eat solid foods any longer. Yet, he mustered up the energy for each lesson. It put things in perspective for Albom, whose life was at a crossroads. For thirteen Tuesdays, there was a different lesson: The World, Feeling sorry for yourself, Regrets, Death, Family, Emotions, Fear of Aging, Money, How love goes on, Marriage, Our culture, Forgiveness and The Perfect Day. The fourteenth Tuesday was time to say goodbye to his dear teacher and mentor. By this time, Morrie was not doing well at all. A few days later, he slipped into a coma and died on Saturday. Even though Morrie Schwartz's body may have stopped living, his lessons are timeless. His love of education continued literally to the very end, concluding with his own death. This book reiterates that life is so fragile. It's philosophical, insightful and written in an easy-to-read prose that everybody can identity with.

by Joyce D. Sinclair (http://www. helium.com/)

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|Task 1 B2 - "Lifestyle" CD 2 - Track 11

Synaesthesia

Can some people really smell sounds, taste words and see numbers as colours? Can brain science begin to explain how and why this happens? What is synaesthesia? Synaesthesia is a curious condition where there is a mingling of the senses due to cross-wiring in the brain. Hearing a musical note, for example, might cause a person with synaesthesia to see a particular colour; C is red, F sharp is blue. Or perhaps the number 2 is always green and 5 always blue. Other people may taste spo-ken words, for example, on hearing the word "table" they might taste apricots, whereas "book" tastes like tomato soup and "telephone" tastes like earwax. Who gets synaesthesia! About 1_ in 2000 people have synaesthesia. Recent studies by Simon Baron-Cohen in Cambridge have confirmed synaesthesia is genetic, passed from parent to child. The slightly different genes of someone with synaesthesia appear to cause adjacent areas of the brain to cross-wire. What's happening in the brain? Colour information is analysed in the fusiform gyrus in the brain's temporal lobe. This is very close to the area of the brain that deals with the physical forms of numbers (also in the fusiform gyrus). It's thought that a genetic abnormality causes these two areas to cross-wire. Brain imag-ing has now confirmed this idea by testing synaesthetes who see numbers as colours. When most people are shown black numbers on a white background, only the number area of their brain becomes active. However, when people with synaesthesia look at the same image, the colour area of their brain also activates. What causes synaesthesia? When you were born, you had far more brain cells than you needed. A period of pruning happens where only the connections and brains cells you need and use survive. This is a normal and vital part of all mammals' early development. It's possible that a gene for synaesthesia causes this pruning process to happen differ-ently, and this results in extra connections and cross-wiring between brain areas.

(http.V/www.youramazingbrain. org. uk/)

[Task 2 B2 - "Work" CD 2 - Track 12

Blue Monday and "Thank God It's Friday"

For the average American worker, Monday and Friday are work days with a special meaning. The former is often referred to as Blue Monday because another work week has begun after two days of time off for oneself. The Monday morning blues often mean that the worker must face another five days of getting up early, putting up with rush hour crowds, taking orders from demanding employers, meeting important deadlines on schedule and fulfilling job responsibilities. It is no wonder that the trek to work may not be a cause for great joy. The average worker may feel a bit depressed over the prospects of beginning another week and stressed out before it has begun.

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If one enjoys his work, then Blue Monday may not be so traumatic. Yet, if one is not happy in his job, Blue Monday can be a cause for great pain and anxiety with the hope that Friday may not be very far away. Hopefully, the week's routine may offer a few surprises and if all goes well, there may be no major problems or conflicts to upset the work equilibrium. It is for this reason that a Friday morning is greeted with warm anticipation and an upbeat attitude. T.G.I.F. stands for "Thank God It's Friday." At the office or workplace colleagues will greet each other with these four letters and everyone knows what they mean. This expression will elicit a great smile of satisfaction from most office workers. They soon think of how they might spend the weekend, since most offices and schools are not open on Saturdays and Sundays. Closing time on Friday, therefore, brings in the pleasure of a two-day weekend. For Americans, this is a time to go off somewhere with friends or by oneself to recharge one's batteries and renew one's energy. When Friday does come around, the excitement which it engenders becomes contagious as co-workers and colleagues get together and brace themselves for their weekend plans. Perhaps they will take off into the country for an overnight stay at a mountain resort, or go skiing at a nearby lodge or better still, stay at home and do absolutely nothing at all. When Sunday night approaches, they are sufficiently refreshed or totally exhausted. Most, however, are sufficiently invigorated to get up on Monday morning and trudge off to work renewing the week's cycle. If the mood on Monday is a bit more subdued, it is because everyone knows another Blue Monday has begun. In recent years some places of employment have begun to initiate a four-day work week and the computer age has made it possible for many jobs to function from the home without the need to commute. Even some holidays which used to fall in the middle of the week are now moved to Monday guaranteeing a longer weekend. Perhaps the traditional attitudes towards Mondays and Fridays may soon be a thing of the past.

(http://www.geocities. com/)


How to Sleep Better at Night

People need a good night's sleep. In fact, they need at least seven hours of sleep daily. Unfortunately, most people hardly rest, let alone sleep well. More and more people are getting prescriptions for insomnia. If you have difficulty sleeping, you probably have considered getting your own sleeping pill prescription as well.

Why do you need sleep? It is a fact that people need to sleep. People though take sleep for granted. They may not know exactly how important sleep is to their health. So, why do you really need to sleep? Why do you need to get the required number of hours of sleep? There are a lot of reasons why you need to sleep.

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First of all, sleep energizes the body. Your ability to function and to think well is greatly affected by how much sleep you get. Your body recuperates and heals itself when you sleep. It prepares itself for the next day's work when you sleep. When you sleep, you strengthen your body, so your body can fight off infection and diseases better. If you constantly lack sleep, your immune system gets weaker, and so, your body is more susceptible to illnesses. Your mental health also depends on the sleep you get. Research and scientific studies show that people who do not get enough rest and sleep are prone to depression and anxiety.

How to sleep better at night So, how do you ensure a good night's rest? Firstly, establish a routine. Having a routine prepares your body to sleep. This sends a signal to the brain, telling your brain that it's time to rest. The brain will send out the message to your body, and the body starts to settle down for a good night's rest. A rou-tine includes a schedule. Fix an hour for sleep and stick to it. Secondly, avoid sleeping during the day. You would find it difficult to sleep at night if you make it a habit to sleep during the day. In addition, keep yourself active during the day. If your body is not tired, it would be difficult for you to sleep at night. This would disrupt your routine. 30-minutes exercise daily can greatly help you sleep at night. Last but not least, clear your thoughts before you go to bed. Take a hot shower, read a book and drink a glass of warm milk. These will help you unwind for a good night's rest.

(http://blog.fruitfultime. com/)


China Plans to Halt Rain for Beijing Olympics

Determined not to let anything spoil their party, organizers of the 2008 Summer Olympics said Wednesday that they will take control over the most unpredictable ele-ment of all - the weather. While China's Olympic athletes are getting ready to compete on the fields, its meteorologists are working the skies, attempting the difficult feat of making sure it doesn't rain on the August 8 opening ceremonies. "Our team is trained. Our preparations are complete," declared Wang Jianjie, a spokeswoman from the Beijing Meteorological Bureau, addressing a news conference at the headquarters of the Beijing organizing committee. The Chinese are among the world's leaders in what is called "weather modification," but they have more experience creating rain than preventing it. In fact, the techniques are virtually the same. Cloud-seeding is a relatively well-known practice that involves shooting various substances into clouds, such as silver iodide, salt and dry ice, that bring on the formation of larger raindrops, triggering a downpour. But Chinese scientists believe that they have perfected a technique that reduces the size of the raindrops, delay-ing the rain until the clouds move on.

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The weather modification would be used only on a small area, opening what would be in effect a meteorological umbrella over the 91,000-seat Olympic stadium. The $400-million stadium, nicknamed the "bird's nest" for its interlacing steel beams, has no roof. "This is a really very complex process in terms of selecting the place and the time," said Wang Yubin, an engineer from the meteorological bureau. "Probably we will have to decide one day before or very close to the event." Summer is the rainy season in Northeast Asia. Originally, the Beijing Olympics were to open July 25, but meteorologists urged that the date be pushed back as late as possible. Still, the chances of rain in Beijing on August 8 are close to 50%. The bureau of weather modification was established in the 1980s and is now believed to be the largest in the world. "We have the largest program in the world with the most people involved and the most equipment, but it is not really the most advanced," Wang said. That honour belongs to the Russians, who he says used sophisticated cloud-seed-ing in 1986 to prevent radioactive rain from the Chernobyl reactor accident from reach-ing Moscow. Although many scientists dispute the effectiveness of weather modification, Wang insists that it has been successful in China on a limited scale. "If you're talking about a small rainfall, you can eliminate it," Wang said. "But if it's going to be raining cats and dogs, there's nothing man can do about it."

(http: //travel, latimes. com/) (By Barbara Demick, Los Angeles Times Staff Writer

10:33 AM PST, January 31, 2008)


We Found the Secret of Life in a Lost Tribe

Lana Inglis is one of six young British women to have been dispatched to live with one of six remote tribes by the makers of the BBC documentary series "Tribal Wives". Like her five fellow volunteers, Lana felt she was at a crossroads and hoped that by leaving the life she knew behind, she might find a fresh perspective. - Lana, you are a bright young woman with a good job as an air hostess. What made you leave everything behind and go to Africa? - To look at me you wouldn't know I 'm an alcoholic. I 'm not an old man on a park bench drinking meths. I 'm always immaculately turned out, my make-up is always done. I 've got a career. But when I was drinking I was a terrible person. A drink-driver, a danger to others. I was living day to day, just focusing on getting through without a drink. I was even raped in 2001 by a taxi driver as I was too drunk to fight him off. Among the Afar, alcohol is strictly forbidden and to even suggest that a woman has been drinking is an offence punishable by beating. - How could you stay away from alcohol with the Afar? -Al though I hadn't had a drink for more than a year before joining the tribe, I felt unable to emerge from the shadows of my past and look to the future. In Ethiopia, I might have

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been sleeping in a hut with 12 other people but that's a million times better than sleep-ing by the bins in the snow behind my local pub. - But you had a friend, didn't you? - Y e s , I met the love of my life, Jan, a Dutch airline pilot, but I couldn't imagine our life a year down the line. Even though he had only ever known me sober, I couldn't forget about the drunk. But keeping my alcoholism a secret from the tribe gave me the free-dom to live as my new, sober self - and, importantly, to be accepted as such. - Lana, what are the Afar people like? - The Afar are a fierce, nomadic people who live according to a strict form of Islam. Life is really tough there. - What is Afar culture like? - It is a "brutal and loveless" culture in which females are slaves, often beaten by their gun-toting, cattle-herding men. Men and women lead largely separate lives and children fend for themselves. Still, for a few weeks, I was one of them, accepted as a sister, a daughter and a friend, and my secret past was thousands of miles away. It meant the start of a new life, gaining power. - Thank you very much, Lana.

(http://www. express, co. uk/) (Wednesday June 18,2008

By Rachel Porter)

[Task 6 B2 - "Free time and culture"' CD 2 - Track I6|

10 Items that Went Down with the Titanic

When the passenger liner Titanic was built in 1912, it was declared to be unsinkable. Unfortunately, it hit an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York City. Since then, many stories have been associated with the liner. This time, here are some facts about the people and cargo that were on board that fate-ful day.

Passengers The ship carried 1316 passengers - 325 in first class, 285 in second class, and 706 in third class - of which 498 survived. Around two-thirds of first-class passengers sur-vived, compared to around one-quarter of those in third class, mainly because, at some point after the collision, the gates to the third-class quarters were locked, denying those passengers access to lifeboats. Some of the more famous first-class passengers included millionaire Benjamin Guggenheim and his manservant, who both helped women and children into lifeboats before changing into their best clothes and preparing to "die like gentlemen," which they did. Also in first class was Lady Duff Gordon, a dress designer whose clientele included the British royal family. She and her husband survived, but they were later

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questioned why their lifeboat had been only half full. They were accused of bribing crew members to not allow more people into the boat. John Jacob Astor IV, the richest man in the world at the time, was also onboard. He assisted his pregnant wife, Madeleine, onto a lifeboat but was not allowed to board him-self because officers were applying the principle of "women and children first". Madeleine survived, but John went down with the ship.

Crew The Titanic had around 900 crew members, of whom 215 survived. These staff includ-ed the deck crew (responsible for sailing the ship), the engineering department (who kept the engines running), the victualing department (responsible for passenger com-fort), restaurant staff and musicians. As the ship was sinking, its two bands came togeth-er on the deck and played to keep the spirits of the passengers up. None of the band members survived.

Freight One important function of the Titanic was to carry transatlantic mail. When the ship sank, there were 3364 bags of mail and between 700 and 800 parcels onboard, contents unknown. Other cargo claimed as lost included 50 cases of toothpaste, a cask of china headed for Tiffany's, five grand pianos, and 30 cases of golf clubs and tennis rackets for A.G. Spalding. However, contrary to popular myth, the Titanic was not carrying an ancient Egyptian mummy that was believed to have cursed the ship.

(http://history, howstuffworks. com/)


The Natural Way

Do you ever stop to think that your body is a masterpiece? And that you are of the most elegant and pre-eminent species on this planet Earth, with the intellectual capability to control virtually every aspect of your life? And that your environment, your lifestyle, your diet, and even your thoughts affect your well-being every day, and even affect your genetics? Indeed, we each have choices to make. We all really desire to make choices which will give us the highest quality of life. Who would not choose to live in excellent health, joyful and illness-free, where we are each our own self-healthcare guide, free of the unnatural specter of relying on doctors, taking drug treatments, staying in hospitals and submitting to surgery? This can be the normal way of life. But, how can we achieve this? Is everlasting excellent health really possible in this unnatural modern world? Yes! We say, yes! Examples of people living in excellent health are not very common in our society today. It is most ironic that while we have the highest economic standard of living in the world, with access to high quality foods and living conditions and accurate health information,

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we are a society of predominantly chronically sick people. Our hospitals are always full of repeatedly sick people! Oh, some people argue, but look at how modern medicine has helped us live longer lives, the doctors are keeping us alive much longer than my parents' and grandparents' generation. Yes, lives are being extended, but we need to take a close look at the quality of those lives. Do you know anyone over 50 years of age who does not regularly feel poorly, does not have several health problems, and who does not have a medicine chest full of pills, and who does not pay hundreds or maybe thousands of dol-lars each year in medical bills and insurance premiums, and who is not having regular checkups to detect heart disease or cancer as soon as it might start? That is the picture of how most people take care of themselves in our society: detect the "disease" early and get the best medical treatment available, all the while accepting failing physical capabilities and mental faculties-as normal signs of aging. Meanwhile, most of the "natural health" enthusiasts are usually not much better off, as they endlessly go from herb to vitamin pill to acupuncture treatment to homeopathic remedy, in search of the "natural cure." Does this picture of humanity make you wonder if something is wrong? Something is wrong! Humanity has grossly departed from its biological heritage, and is not living in accordance with the natural order of life. And the biggest departure is the diet humans eat. Each day, most people eat over 100 different items and ingredients which they consid-er to be foods but are mostly not true foods. Most of what people eat is outside of the natural human diet and has been rendered toxic by the heat of cooking. People mostly eat in ways which are destructive to their health, and they are unaware of it! Then what is the natural way to eat and be healthy? Our physiology clearly indicates that we are fruit eaters. Strong scientific evidence shows that our natural diet is comprised of fresh fruits and green leafy vegetables grown in well-mineralized soil. This is the optimal way for us modern humans to eat; this diet provides the body with all the nutri-ents it needs to achieve peak health, supports superior fitness and longevity, and is the most naturally appealing way to eat.

(http://www.livingnutrition.com ,


Is Sunbathing Good for You?

On Wednesday, the Indoor Tanning Association ran a full-page ad in the New York Times claiming that "there is no compelling scientific evidence that tanning causes melanoma." It went on to say that "recent research indicates that the benefits of moder-ate exposure to sunlight" - namely, increased levels of vitamin D - "outweigh the hypo-thetical risks." Wait, is sunbathing good for you? Only for a few minutes. Exposure to sunlight (or the UV lamps in a tanning bed) does cause the skin to produce vitamin D. Studies have shown that many segments of the population aren't getting enough of the vitamin, which may even aid in the prevention of cancer, diabetes, and HIV. According to almost all experts, most people could cover

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their bases by getting just five to fifteen minutes of sunlight two to three times a week. Supplements are also an option. So even the palest sun worshipper doesn't need to get a tan for a vitamin fix. So, does tanning cause melanoma? First, to be clear, it isn't tanning that's the problem - it's the sun exposure that causes both the suntan and, as most dermatologists believe, the cancer. Second, there are two kinds of skin cancer: melanoma and nonmelanoma. Nonmelanoma skin cancers, by far the most common variety, usually aren't fatal, though their removal can be painful and cause scarring. Because these lumpy, scaly areas usually appear on parts of the body that get regular sun exposure, and because they are found on outdoor workers more frequently than on indoor workers, most doctors assume that solar radiation is a leading cause of nonmelanoma cancer. Melanoma is the deadlier of the two, responsible for 4 percent of skin-cancer diagnoses but 75 percent of all skin-cancer deaths. Most doctors believe that excessive exposure to the sun (even in relatively short, intense bursts) and, consequently, to UV radiation are the major risk factors for melanoma. Studies have shown that the more sunburn you've had in your life, the higher your chance of developing the disease. However, the exact causes of the disease aren't fully understood. People who doubt the sun-cancer link point to the fact that melanoma can sometimes appear in areas that get zero sun exposure, such as the bow-els and the soles of the feet. They also note that melanoma is more common amongst indoor than outdoor workers, though other doctors counter that this is because cubicle dwellers are more likely to go on vacations where they spend hours baking in the sun.

(http://www.slate.com/)


How to Survive Unemployment

Unemployment, whether by layoff, downsizing or firing, is a situation most people hope they never face. However, each year more and more people experience at least tempo-rary unemployment, due to factors outside of their control. The key to survival is get-ting your life back under control as quickly as possible. Establish a routine. Not having to get up and go to work in the morning may seem like a benefit of unemployment. But without a daily routine, your life can unravel pretty quickly. Make yourself a daily schedule and stick to it. Even though unemployment is nothing to brag about, talk to your friends and family about your situation. Their support may give you the emotional boost you need to get through this difficult time. Also, they may be able to help you find work, at least on a temporary basis. There's no way to know how long unemployment will last, so until you have a steady paycheck again, cut unnecessary expenses. Eliminate all non-essentials from your budget temporarily.

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Surviving unemployment requires occasional fun. Find out where the dollar movie theater is and which day they offer half-price popcorn. Make a note of all the free entertainment options available to you, from a walk at the local park to dinner once a week at Mom and Dad's house. You will need contacts to get back into the workforce. Make a list of all the people you interacted with while you were on the job. Include casual acquaintances from other companies in your building, vendors you regularly do business with and friends of friends you met at lunch. It feels good to see how many people you actually know. One of them could be your ticket back to the 9-to-5 world. Volunteer. Of course, this is not a substitute for finding a paying job, but volunteering gives you a purpose and helps structure your day. Through volunteering, you will stay in touch with working people and have an opportunity to demonstrate your abilities. Volunteering could also bring you into contact with people who are worse off than you are, helping you realize that unemployment isn't the worst thing that could happen to you.

(http://www. ehow. com/)


The Advantages and Disadvantages of Air Conditioning

Who would be without air conditioning? In hot, humid climates it is more than a mod-ern comfort - it is an essential element in getting through those sweltering, sticky days. But, like most modern conveniences, air conditioning has its down-sides. Are they suf-ficient to make you think twice about having an air conditioner at your place? Many researchers believe they are. Let's find out why. The problems associated with air conditioners arise out of overuse. With the ease of finger-tip control many people assume that the more they use their unit the better it will be. This, however, is not the case. Air conditioning aggravates the effects of arthritis and neuritis. It also causes trouble for those with sinus trouble, causing their heads to become blocked. In addition to these obvious reactions to an air conditioned environment, there are many, far more subtle reactions that can adversely affect a person's health. Comparative studies between those who have worked for prolonged periods in air conditioned offices and those who work outdoors have consistently shown that the people exposed to air conditioning are more susceptible to colds, flu and other minor ailments. It has also been proven that the body undergoes a certain amount of stress when it is forced to go from a boiling hot environment into an air conditioned one. Over time this, too, can cause problems. Air conditioners in cars also have their problems. Micro-organisms have been found within the units that may cause breathing problems. Air conditioning units can also cir-culate air-borne diseases, most famously Legionnaire's Disease. If the unit has cheap fil-ters or is not properly maintained, it will simply recirculate pollutants. Of course, there are also positives to air conditioning. It creates a pleasant atmosphere inside, regardless of what is going on outside. It may eliminate heat rash and help hay

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fever sufferers by removing pollens from the air. The removal of dirty and dry air is also accomplished by air conditioning. The decision to use air conditioning is, of course, yours. Having weighed up the pros and cons, you may decide that the best option is to use it, but do so sparingly, not going below 25 degrees Celsius, and not becoming reliant on it. Then you'll get the benefits while, hopefully, avoiding the detriments of air conditioning.

(http://www. essortment. com/)

iTask 11 B2 - "Travel" CD 2 - T r a c k 211

Drunk-driver Thanks Person Who Reported Him to Police

A Katikati man caught driving almost three times over the permitted alcohol limit then told police "thank you for saving my life". Balihar Singh, 39, was spotted driving erratically on State Highway 2 on March 30 by a member of the public who called the police. When another motorist tried to overtake him, Singh cut back into the lane nearly running the other vehicle off the road. The com-plainant followed Singh on to Maungatapu roundabout, before he turned right to head into Tauranga city via Turret Road and 15th Avenue before the police intercepted him in Te Puna. Singh, who had a flushed face, glazed eyes and slurred speech and was unsteady on his feet, told police he had been drinking shots of whiskey before driving and wanted to thank the person who called the police. "Thank you for saving my life," he said. Yesterday, Singh pleaded guilty to driving with excess blood alcohol when he appeared in Tauranga District Court. It was his fourth conviction. When Singh was breathalised, he had a blood alcohol reading of 234 milligrams - the legal limit is 80. His lawyer, Craig Tuck, successfully argued before Judge Stan J 'horburn that given the 10-year gap since Singh's last conviction he should be sentenced to community work and supervision. Judge Thorburn agreed. "But this was absolutely horrendous alcohol-impaired driving Mr Singh and, as you yourself recognise, you could well have caused serious injury to another person and pos-sibly yourself." Judge Thorburn told Singh that the "main saving grace" was that sig-nificant gap, which showed he was capable of getting his life under control. But Judge Thorburn said it appeared Singh questioned whether he had a drinking problem and he needed to address that. Singh was sentenced to 150 hours' community work and nine months' supervision. He also lost his licence for one year and one day.

(http://www. nzherald. co. nz/) (By Sandra Conchie)

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Children and Harmful Acidic Toxins

It is not just about the food we eat. It is what we think, feel, ingest, and digest emotion-ally, spiritually and physically. Asthma, allergies, hyperactivity, cancer, developmental disorders, aggressive and vio-lent behaviours..., where does it end? You want to protect your child from the bad things in the world and provide the best nourishment so that he or she will have the best foun-dation possible for a strong, well-developed immune system. You buy organic food, use organic cotton clothing and diapers and buy all of your baby's personal care products at the local health food store. Regulations define the word organic for the foods that you buy. Sadly, there are no reg-ulations defining the word organic for labelling of personal care products. Did you know that? We think that natural body care products that are labelled as organic should contain ingredients that we wouldn't be afraid to eat. After all, isn't that how the word organic is interpreted in the natural health food industry—to define the purity of food? Did you know that 60% of what you rub onto you or your child's skin is absorbed through the skin and can be detected in the blood within minutes? Children's bodies are small and because they do not have an adult's ability to detoxify and excrete toxins, they absorb proportionally higher doses of toxins per unit of body weight, which means that their organs may suffer permanent and irreversible damage more quickly because they are not fully developed. Chemicals in body care products have been linked to reproductive problems in both men and women and to some cancers. Many synthetic chemicals have also been linked to developmental deficiencies and learning disabilities in children. The FDA website has an update that lists some body care chemicals (some found in "natural" baby body care products!) that were found to cause cancer in laboratory animals. Because children are more susceptible to these toxins than adults, we need to be espe-cially careful about what they inhale and what we rub onto their skin. Problems from synthetic "fragrances" reported to the FDA have included headaches, dizziness, rashes, skin discoloration, violent coughing and vomiting, and allergic skin irritation. Exposure to fragrances can affect the central nervous system, causing depres-sion, hyperactivity, irritability, inability to cope, and other behavioural changes. Did you know that fragrance chemical ingredients don't need to be included on product labels? Remember, babies can't tell you that they are experiencing a migraine or lung tightness when you use the lotion with a synthetic "fruity" fragrance. Here's the bottom line: chemicals pollute the planet in their manufactured form and they pollute your body and your home. They don't benefit you or your children in any way. So why use them at all?

(www.phmiracleliving. com)

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Americans' Eating Habits

Reporter: Good afternoon, this is Brian Connors in our programme "Nutrition and Lifestyle". Today I 'm going to be speaking to Harry Blazer, vice-president at the New Product Development Group. The marketing group has been studying our eating habits since 1980. Harry, tell us about your findings. H. B.: For Americans, rushing to get dinner on the table between work, soccer, ballet classes and bedtime, time is often the missing ingredient, and it leads many people to rely on take-out, fast food and easy-to-fix convenience foods. But most Americans still eat at home. In fact, the trend has been toward eating more meals in the home, always. And that's changed over the past three or four years. Frozen and pre-prepared foods have gotten more popular, and people are not ordering out as much. Reporter: You want to eat in your house, you don't want to really go out. But you don't want to prepare the meal, or you want to spend as little time preparing the meal. So one of the ways to do that is just prepare fewer dishes, and that's the driving force behind the way we're eating right now. H. B.: Sure. About half of all main meals are still put together with fresh ingredients or from scratch. But that number's been declining for 10 years, and that doesn't show any sign of slowing down because assembling a meal takes time and effort. Reporter: Very sad, but as I see, grocery stores are offering more foods that are both good for you and easy to fix. H. B.: I think that there are very healthy options available. If you look in the produce department, there are pre-prepped vegetables that are ready for stir-fry or whatever. Reporter: Do you keep track of your respondents' weight? H. B.: Yes, definitely. We do keep track of our respondents' body mass index - BMI measures weight in relation to height - and this number has been rising steadily. Reporter: What explanations have you found? _ H. B.: The number of meals we eat over these last 20 years really has not changed sig-nificantly, but the weight has. So, by inference, I have to conclude that the average meal is getting larger. The portions served in the home and typical recipes in cookbooks are all bigger now than in the '70s. What I found is that if you give people more food they eat more. Restaurants are also offering bigger portions in continually escalating battles to attract customers. Reporter: I see. But if we go on like this, we're going to end up with more health-care costs, we're going to earn less money. There might be all kinds of economic conse-quences of not keeping your weight in a healthy range. H. B.: Right. On the other hand, cutting the calorie density of a meal, by substituting low-calorie cheese or mayonnaise for example, can have a greater impact on the diet than cutting portion size. You know, just as a small rise in extra calories sneaks in unno-ticed, you could probably reduce calories by a small amount and people wouldn't notice. Reporter: Could you help our listeners with some more advice?

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H. B.: There's one more very important thing to keep in mind: slow down when you eat, even if you don't have a lot of time. Slow down, and that will help you eat less. Remember it normally takes about 20 minutes for the brain to get the message that the stomach is full. Reporter: Thank you very much for being with us. And now it's time for a bit of music...

(http://www.cnn.com/)

fl ask 14 B2 - "Environmnet" CD 2 - Track 241

Teeing up for an Eco-Friendly Game of Golf

After months of experimenting, a small family business at Silverdale thinks it has final-ly produced a biodegradable golf tee that will withstand the force of a swinging club. Injection Moulded Plastics Industries is producing the tees, made from its own blend of material derived from corn starch. Owners Hugh and Judy Field said they wanted to move away from plastics to environ-mentally friendly products, which already make up about 10 percent of their business. Their factory in Silverdale was producing biodegradable weed matting clips, supplied to local markets and exported to Australia, which would eventually decompose in the ground. Mr Field said they would release only water and carbon dioxide as they deteriorated. "There is no poison or residue." He started looking at similar options for golf tees after a golfing customer asked if it was possible. It had taken quite a bit of experimenting to create a blend that would make the tees strong enough not to shatter when they were struck. Mr Field said the tees were about 50 percent more expensive than plastic equivalents but he saw opportunities, as many golf courses, especially in Japan, banned plastic tees. "Sometimes golfers don't pick them up and they litter the course and can damage mower blades." Mrs Field said the raw material the company started with was made from corn starch, which was a renewable source and 100 per cent compostable. But, although it was strong, it was too brittle when struck with something such as a hammer - or a golf club. "We set about experimenting with other compostable materials with similar qualities and managed to formulate a blend we have registered under the name of Polymaize. This material can be used to manufacture most products which are currently made in plastic using the injection moulding process." Mrs Field said there was potential to start making biodegradable pots for plants and similar products to reduce the amount of plas-tic that ended up in rubbish dumps.

By Angela Gregory (http://www. nzherald. co. nz/

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Wind Farms

Wind turbines continue to rise from New York State landscapes, and more are in the pipeline. But don't be surprised to see them rising out of Lake Erie. As powerful and consistent as the winds blow across land, they are even more powerful over water. And as the push for clean, renewable energy sources intensifies, wind power advocates are focusing more and more attention on just how much more wind is available in the lake - and how to overcome the challenges to harnessing it. "The potential is actually very large," said Mark B. Mitskovski, the former Erie County director of energy devel-opment and management, who has worked on the possibility. "It's hundreds of megawatts, if not thousands." In the United States, there are about 11 offshore wind-generation projects "in various stages of approval," said Walt Musial, principal engineer for ocean renewable energy with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Already, there are 21 offshore wind farms off the coasts of Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and Ireland. More are in development. Closer to home, Cleveland expects to install from two to 10 wind turbines in Lake Erie by 2011 as part of a demonstration project. "What we 'd really like to create is a center of excellence for wind energy and renewables," said that project's most ardent proponent, Cuyahoga County Prosecutor Bill Mason. Near Belleville, Ontario, about 135 miles northeast of Toronto, another proposal for as many as 140 turbines in Lake Ontario got a boost recently when the Ontario government lift-ed a moratorium on applications for offshore wind power. The developer of the Ontario project believes it is only a matter of time before turbines will rise in the lakes. "Five years ago, we didn't have offshore [wind power]," said John Kourtoff, president and chief executive officer of Trillium Power Wind Corp. "Five years from now, we'll have offshore, and people will be amazed at how much stronger the winds are." The Ontario government already has mapped Lake Erie for potential wind power pro-duction. The cost of windmills in water far exceeds land-based turbines, and would be too high to justify the return for private investors, even with government subsidies aimed at spurring renewable energy development.

(h ttp://www. istockanalyst. com) (By John F. Bonfatti)

iTask 16 B2 - "Environment" CD 2 - Track 261

Charity Shops

What is happening to the landscape of the traditional British high street these days? As more and more retail outlets are decamping to the out-of-town shopping malls and super

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centres gaps are left, like rotting teeth, in our once thriving streets. It's a sad sight to see boarded up shop fronts where once thrived grocers, butchers, hardware merchants and bakers. But hang on a moment, what is this that I see moving in to take their place? Charity Shops! In my very own pleasant middle class suburb, in recent years we have said good bye to an excellent delicatessen only to say hello to Cancer Research, and watch as a butcher metamorphosed into a "Help the Aged" shop. Can this be a good thing, our local necessities being replaced by do-gooders? Well in some ways yes because charity shops fulfil two very important needs in modern society. As the economy booms, house prices soar and people get rich they need to throw out their old stuff and replace it with something new. But as society gets polarised, the gov-ernment chips away at the Welfare State and some people get poorer they need to stretch their meagre budgets and buy the second-hand goods that others have dispensed with and this is where charity shops come in. Let's say you are a poor student, you have little money but need a new outfit to attract a new boy or girlfriend at the Student Union party that you are going to at the weekend. All you need to do is pop along to your local charity shop and buy, for just a few pounds, that sexy top or fancy accessory that somebody else has become bored with. Or maybe you want to stay in at the weekend and have some special friend around to your apart-ment for dinner. You can just nip around to the charity shop and buy a few extra plates, knives and forks and maybe pick up a wall hanging or a candle or two to add to the ambience. All this can be done at a fraction of the price of a new item and will often be of a better quality. What if you are no longer a poor student but have some money and have moved into a swanky new pad? Do you really want all that old rubbish that you have accumulat-ed over the years? No, of course not but somebody might and it's not that bad. Why not take it round to the charity shop and get rid of it. You feel virtuous for giving to others and you get rid of unwanted clutter at the same time! How about if you have just arrived in town and want to meet new people and help one of your favourite caus-es at the same time? Well, you can volunteer some of your spare time to work at the charity shop. Oh yes, and get the first chance of snatching up that cast-off Armani jacket before the regular customers get it! So, do you want to see Help the Aged, Cancer Research, Oxfam or Scope opening up and providing a useful service or some overpriced and bland chain of American coffee shops moving into your patch?

(http://www.. onestopenglish. com)


Neither a Borrower Nor a Lender Be

Both borrowers and lenders in the sub-prime mortgage market are wishing they had lis-tened to the old saying: neither a borrower nor a lender be.

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Last year people with poor credit ratings borrowed $605 billion in mortgages, a figure that is about 20% of the home-loan market. It includes people who can't afford to meet the mortgage payments on expensive homes that they have bought, and low-income buyers. In some cases, the latter could not even meet the first payment. Lenders include banks like HSBC, which may have lost almost $7 billion. Both sides can be blamed. Lenders, after the 2-3 percentage point premium they could charge, offered loans, known as "liar loans", with no down payments and without any income verification to people with bad credit histories. They believed that rising house prices would cover them in the event of default. Borrowers ignored the fact that interest rates would rise after an initial period. One result is that default rates on these sub-prime mortgages reached 14% last year - a record. The problems in this market also threaten to spread to the rest of the mortgage market, which would reduce the flow of credit available to the shrinking numbers of consumers still interested in buying property. So, the housing market will remain weak; borrowers with weak credit histories will find the credit window closed; people with adjustable-rate mortgages will have to spend less so they can meet their increased payments; tighter lending standards and falling home prices will reduce consumers' ability to tap the equity in their homes. But as long as the labour market remains strong, which it has done despite job losses in housing-related industries, and as long as real incomes continue to go up, consumers might complain, but they are unlikely to go on a buyers' strike on a scale that will make this slow-down become a recession. Therefore, we should not be too worried, but, at the same time, we should be a bit cautious and watch closely how things develop.

(http://www. usingenglish. com)


Reality Television

Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or "height-ened" documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around the year 2000. Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game or quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s (a modern example is "Gaki no tsukai"), to surveillance -or voyeurism - accused productions such as "Big Brother". Critics say that the term "reality television" is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with parti-cipants put in exotic locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in cer-

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tain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through edit-ing and other post-production techniques. Part of reality television's appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extra-ordinary situations. For example, on the ABC show, "The Bachelor", an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs such as "Pop Idol", though frequently "Survivor" and "Big Brother" participants also reach some degree of celebrity. Some commentators have said that the name "reality television" is an inaccurate description for several styles of program included in the genre. In competition-based programs such as "Big Brother" and "Survivor", and other special-living-environment shows like "The Real World", the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities~and the environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of "Survivor" and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and avoids the word "reality" to describe his shows; he has said, "I tell good stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama."

(http://www: usingenglish. com)

Task 19 B2 - "Work" CD 2 - Track 29

The Banker to the Poor

Muhammad Yunus is a Bangladeshi banker and economist. Formerly a professor of eco-nomics, he is most famous for his successful application of the concept of micro credit, the extension of small loans to entrepreneurs too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans. He is the founder of Grameen Bank, and he and the bank were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to create economic and social development among the poor. During visits to the poorest households in the village of Jobra near Chittagong University, Yunus discovered that very small loans could make a disproportionate dif-ference to a poor person. Jobra women who made bamboo furniture had to take out us-urious loans to buy bamboo. He made a loan of USD 27.00 from his own pocket to 42 women in the village, who made a net profit of USD 0.02 each on the loan. Yunus believed that if given the chance the poor would repay the borrowed money and hence micro credit would be a viable business model. He eventually managed to secure a loan from the Janata Bank to lend it to the poor in Jobra in December 1976. By July 2007, the Grameen Bank had issued USD 6.38 billion to 7.4 million borrowers. To ensure repayment, the bank uses a system of solidarity groups. These small informal groups apply together for loans and its members act as co-guarantors of repayment and support each other's efforts at economic advancement.

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The success of the Grameen model of micro-financing has inspired similar efforts in many countries throughout the developing world, and even in industrialised nations, including the USA. Many, but not all, micro credit projects also retain his emphasis on lending specifically to women. More than 94% of Grameen loans have gone to women, who suffer disproportionately from poverty and who are more likely than men to devote their earnings to their families.

(http://www. usingenglish.com/)

ITask 20 B2 - "School" CD 2 - Track 301

How to Avoid Student Debt

Every discussion of student finance is dominated by one word: debt. For most graduates, debt is a fact of life, although student loan repayments do not start until they are earning £15,000 a year. But, with careful planning, money troubles need not blight your student days. British undergraduates are no longer required to pay fees upfront, so those who receive support from their parents may even have more money while they are studying. Growing numbers of students supplement their income with part-time employment. And most universities offer detailed financial advice to help students to prevent any problems getting out of hand. At Nottingham Trent and 50 other universities this help comes partly through a "money doctors" scheme: students are offered expert counselling, workshops on financial issues and a "toolkit" with tips on managing money that has gone to every UK higher education institution. Advice ranges from help with budgeting and calculating the real rate of credit, to basic tips such as not to avoid unwelcome news by leaving post unopened. Every university adapts the programme in its own way, but the aim is to draw students in from the moment they arrive with induction packs and invitations to one-to-one surgeries. Wherever you study, it is essential to draw up an accurate budget before you arrive, so that you know whether (and how much) you may need to work to supplement your income. A survey published yesterday by the National Union of Students shows that many new arrivals seriously underestimate living costs. Spending on groceries by current students, for example, was nearly £200 more over a year than new students were budgeting, while the shortfall on daily transport came to more than £100. The survey also showed that prospective students were less worried about money than those already at university. But it appears that this is because many either did not understand the advice they had been given, or had not sought any.

(http://www. timesonline. co. uk/) (John O'Leary)

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NYELVHELYESSÉG

i T a s k l A 2 - "Jumbled sentences"

0 What was the weather like on your holiday? 1 Our teacher would be very pleased if we studied more. 2 Going on holiday is too expensive for her. 3 They have decided to buy a new house in the countryside. 4 Peter asked me to help him with his homework. 5 I don't feel like going to the cinema tonight. 6 The exam was more difficult than we had expected. 7 He is always short of money. 8 She can't stand doing the washing-up. 9 Could you give me some information about the project? 10 Do you think there is life in outer space?

iTask 2 A2 - "Sentence transformation"

0 The shop has been open since last year. 1 Peter has been learning/has learnt Chinese for a couple of years. 2 Normally it takes me 10 minutes to get to work. 3 My son is still doing his homework. 4 Jane's just started working in her new job. 5 Students must not chew gum in lessons. 6 How long have your parents been married? 7 How much did he pay for his new mobile phone? 8 My brother is too young to drive a car. 9 Politics doesn't interest John. . 10 What is your favourite radio programme?

ITask 3 A2 - "Environment"

0 those 6 secure 1 reliable 7 employees 2 repairs 8 parking 3 improvement 9 package 4 ironing 10 first 5 service

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Task 4 A2 - "Environment*

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c F G A I K D J B E L

A2 - "School'

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B C A B C B C A C D D

Task 6 A2 - "School'

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 E K A H C F J G L I B

Task 7 A2 - Science and technology'1

0 for 1 themselves

is to that/which his/her

2 3 4 5

6 the 7 whole/entire 8 next 9 till/until 10 message/word/one

Task 8

0 get

A2 - "Lifestyle"

1 2 3 4 5

without most by don't which

6 every 7 that 8 breakfast 9 less 10 of 11 live

Task 1 B1 - "Sentence transformation"

0 I asked Tom who he was phoning. 1 The man said (that) he hadn't stolen the money. 2 The teacher asked me who was taking me to school. 3 I wish I hadn't been so rude to her. 4 If only I could go on holiday now. 5 It's no good trying to call him - the line is engaged.

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6 You needn't have bought any milk, we have enough. 7 Janet was too shocked to say anything. 8 Somebody must have seen the robbery. 9 She asked me if I knew how old John was. 10 My brother isn't old enough to vote. 11 He isn't interested in hockey.

iTask 2

0 suggested 1 needs 2 has seen 3 held 4 to promote 5 told

B1 - "Science and technology"

6 are wrestling 7 has decided 8 would go 9 be shown 10 is

Task 3 B1 - "Lifestyle'

0 from 6 the 1 which 7 able 2 had 8 in 3 enough 9 to 4 if 10 is 5 took 11 any

Task 4 B1 - "Science and technology"

0 encourage 1 2 3 4 5

additional different improperly employees truly

6 total 7 broadly 8 savings 9 compensation 10 motivation

Task 5 B1 - "People and society"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 F J B I K A H D L E G

Task 6 B1 - "Travel"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c B A D A B D B A C D

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Task 7 B I - - "Science and technology"

0 have 6 or 1 to 7 in 2 is 8 after 3 had 9 for 4 at 10 were 5 to

Task 8 BI - "Sentence transformation"

0 The room where they took the exam was very noisy. 1 She doesn't like gorng to supermarkets which are crowded. 2 I won't go unless you come with me. 3 Jane still hasn't made up her mind whether to go to the cinema or not. 4 Do you realize that you have drunk/had three cups of coffee in an hour? 5 It's your own fault - 1 warned you not to go near the dog. 6 Do you know when this train gets to London? 7 The man admitted stealing the necklace. 8 I wish we could go on holiday this year. 9 You can't have seen him yesterday. He is not in town. 10 How long has he been playing handball?

Task 9 B1 - "Family life"

0 were taken 6 denying 1 are known 7 were forbidden 2 suffered 8 grew up 3 to go 9 contained/contains 4 be removed 10 had undertaken 5 was


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 G D J A H K B F I L E

iTask 11 B1 - "Environment"

0 convenience 3 entertainment 1 employees 4 long 2 alive 5 Industrial

6 existence 7 actually 8 providing

9 education 10 introduction

Task 12 B1 - "Family life'

0 in for for on with in

6 about/roughly 7 of 8 to 9 on 10 out

Task 13 B1 - "School"

0 innovation 1 2 3 4 5

thinkers relation governments education importance

6 enthusiasm 7 publication 8 image 9 finance 10 shortage


0 and 1 by 2 until 3 one 4 a 5 much / somewhat

6 where 7 was 8 in 9 able/ever 10 doesn't


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B C A D B C A B D A c

ITask 16 B1 - "School"

0 to 4 much 1 which 5 about 2 make 6 only/just/simply/solely 3 better 7 it

166


8 simple/easy 9 them

10 always

Task 1 B2 - "Environment''

0 as how with has will make

6 down 7 to 8 though 9 their 10 which/that


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B A C A B A C C D D c

Task 3 B2 - "Travel"

0 ^ 00 a 1 been 2 her 3 ^ 4 are

5 having 6 will 7 on 8 other 9 of 10 •

11 too 12 in 13 more 14 • 15 as 16 •

17 This 18 ^ 19 they 20 like


0 wonderful 1 unrealistic 2 unusually 3 pressure 4 important 5 responsibility

6 comfortable 7 expectations 8 advice 9 institutional 10 meaningful

Task 5 B2 - "School"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 E I A G L C K H J F B

167


[ ask 6 B2 - "Science and technology''

0 are being treated 1 is thought 2 were admitted/have been admitted 3 were deceiving 4 have used 5 exhibited

6 had/have 7 reaches 8 started 9 were going 10 have been learning

Task 7 B2 - "Travel'

0 called to that/which saltier for time

6 there 7 whole/surrounding 8 so 9 with 10 since

Task 8 B2 - "Science and technology'

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B C A B C A D B C B c


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 H D L A F I B J G E K


0 disability 1 comedian 2 ironically 3 responsibility 4 varying 5 instruction

6 blindness 7 gifted 8 financial 9 encourage 10 participation


0 is 1 has

2 single 3 during

168


4 their/later 5 what 6 more 7 like

8 while 9 such 10 rather

Task 12 B2 - "School'

0 had 00 • 1 the 2 who 3 was 4 •

5 up 6 • 7 had 8 • 9 any TO was

11 S 12 been 13 which 14 • 15 the 16 a

17 1 8 19 was 20 this


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C G A D H K L J E I B

iTask 14

0 ^ 00 the 1 has 2 watching 3 ^ 4 V

ITask 15

5 more 6 • 7 have 8 was 9 been 10 very

- "Lifestyle"

11 • 12 while 13 own 14 • 15 whole 16 being

- "Lifestyle"

0 till/until 1 for 2 broken 3 that 4 than 5 already/first

ITask 16

6 up 7 have 8 them 9 using/driving 10 will/may

B2 - "Free time and culture"

17 so 18 • 19 not 20 even 21 22 to

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 H E A G K D C L F J B

169


E ásk 17 B2 - "Work'

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c A C B C D A D B D C

Task 18 B2 - "Environment"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 J B G L H N I M C A F E D K

Task 19 B2 - "Family life"

0 anxiety 1 communicators 2 private 3 necessarily 4 psychologists 5 including

6 misbehaviour 7 violence 8 closeness 9 advice 10 impossible

B2 - "Family life"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 K 1 A C H B E J G L F

170


HALLOTT SZÖVEG ERTESE

Task 1 A2 - "Lifestyle"

0 provide about 20-25% 1 400/four hundred 2 Protein, whole grains, fruit and vegetables 3 Proteins 4 till (you/us) up, lower 5 brain, body

[Task 2 A2 - "Work'

0 male and female dominated 1 construction and engineering 2 equally 3 (very) low 4 in clerical and caring occupations 5 (some) 6 % 6 among marketing advisers/specialists

Task 3 A2 - "Family life"

0 Heather has divorced twice. A 1 She met her second husband after her first divorce. C 2 Her job is as important for her as her children. B 3 Her son likes video games and snowboarding. B 4 Her elder daughter is good at school. C 5 Both of her daughters like playing with toys. A 6 She is very strong because she has a full time job. B 7 Although she is a single mother, she is rarely stressed and angry. B 8 She asked for money from a bank because she wants to buy a house. A 9 She loves her job. C 10 She believes that having children can give strength to single moms. A

iTask 4 A2 - "Environment"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 B B A C A B C

171

( M E G O L D Á S O K

Task 5 A2 - "People and society"

0 2/two 1 3400 2 genetic or (possibly) a skill 3 6 4 certain diseases 5 polar bears

Task 6 A2 - "School"

0 a few 1 papers, reports 2 journals 3 to keep 4 big 5 memories

Task 7 A2 - "Free time and culture"

0 at 7.30 p.m./half past seven p.m. 1 by the Hungarian State Orchestra 2 in 1951 3 over 44 4 (directly) from Hungarian culture 5 Liszt and Brahms 6 $ 10/10 dollars

iTask 8 A2 - "Free time and culture"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 True True False True True False False

172



0 A person with clyscalculia has difficulties with... A infants 0 K 1 Affected people perform well in... B Bristol 1 G 2 Number of UK citizens having dyscalculia: C slower 2 F

3 These people cannot remember... D the unpleasant emotions 3 J

4 The group of 9-year-old pupils did not like maths because of. . .

E a stroke 4 D

5 They notice when the number of objects change. F about 3 million 5 A

6 According to scientists our maths abilities can be found...

G other areas 6 H

7 Scientist Brian Butterworth's book is called: H near the ears 7 I 8 Signora Gaddi got dyscalculia after... I Mathematical Brain 8 E

9 The world's largest maths experiment was carried out in...

J phone numbers, dates, etc.

9 B

10 Boys were ... than girls at some types of maths. K numbers 10 C

ITask 2 B1 - "Work"

0 Three 1 Five 2 To define (our) values 3 Skills 4 Something you do well naturally 5 We should go to work in the chosen field. / We should gain/get some work experi-

ence. 6 No (it doesn't). 7 Ten percen t /10%

iTask 3 B1 - "Free time and culture"

0 1 2 3 4 5 D C A B C C

173


Task 4 B1 - "Lifestyle"

0 Students who eat with their families eat more fruits but less vegetables than those who don't usually have meals together with their family members.

0 B

1 Students who eat dinner with their families twice a week are five times as likely to get A's as teens who eat with their family less than twice a week.

1 B

2 You should eat together once a week as much as you can. 2 B 3 After discussing it with the children, parents have to decide on the rules of

the family meals. 3 A

4 Family members have to talk about the clothes they wear during the meals. 4 C

5 Being together is more important than the food you eat. 5 A

6 Children are more likely to eat fruits and vegetables if parents see them. 6 B

7 You should always prepare a meal at the weekend. 7 B

8 In order to keep the conversation positive, you shouldn't talk about school. 8 C

9 Always turn off your mobile during the meal. 9 C

10 For many families breakfast time is more suitable to eat together than any other time of the day.

10 A


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 A C A C B C C


0 crazy 1 Market 2 participant(s) 3 apron, scarf 4 considered 5 half-cooked 6 spectators 7 diameter 8 cuts 9 pagan 10 harvest

174


I ask 7 B1 - "Family life'

0 iron his own shirts 1 doing the domestic chores 2 mentally therapeutic 3 personal appearance 4 (they) made them happy 5 eight out of ten 6 (they feel) happier

Task 8 B1 - "Environment"

0 Tim Redmond was Sara Snow's father A 1 Sara Snow lives in Michigan. B 2 Although she has always eaten organic food, 2 years ago she realized she

wasn't as healthy as she had been before. A

3 Her brother is older than her. C

4 They grew many kinds of fruits and vegetables in their gardens. A 5 When she was young, she wore only second hand clothes. B 6 They buy organic fruits and vegetables, but they don't buy organic meat. B 7 She rarely uses her car. C 8 If you take short showers, you can save energy. A 9 Even though you try to change your habits, you won't see the result and

nothing will change. B

ftask 9 B1 - "Work"

0 during their high school days 1 (She is) reliable, responsible and mature. 2 to change diapers 3 any unexpected emergency 4 once/when the children are asleep 5 on Friday and Saturday nights 6 mowing the lawn 7 every day (without exception) 8 (a) snowstorm

175



0 disabilities 1 different 2 wheelchairs 3 capable 4 opportunities 5 participate 6 understanding

iTask 11 B1 - "Work"

0 This person is the lead singer of "The Rolling Stones ". A 1 This person won bronze medal in the Mr Universe contest. E 2 Besides being a student, this person worked in a hospital. A

3 This person has won 3 Oscars so far. -

4 Before the 1980s, this person had several low-paying jobs in New York. F 5 This person earned a living by digging swimming pools and he was a gas

station attendant, too. B

6 Although she is a woman, she undertook men's jobs. C 7 Being a reality TV star, this person's former job was killing animals. D 8 Before beginning a career on stage, this person studied economics. A 9 This person comes from Scotland. E

10 This person worked for rich and famous people. B


0 airports 1 body 2 lid, stupid 3 hitch-hike, obscene 4 free, Japanese 5 kill

ITask 13 B1 - "Travel"

0 (It is important) to maintain older people's mobility. 1 They should be affordable and accessible. 2 They require advance booking. 3 (Powered) Wheelchairs, scooters and golf carts.

[ 176


4 In rural areas or: Where demand is low. 5 For passengers/people who need/require assistance.


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 A B A A B A A

iTask 15 B1 - "Travel"

0 Car Sharing is supported in... A 25 0 D

1 Percentage of people who use transit more: B less 1 F

2 Percentage of members who have not bought a car: C 66 2 A

3 People who share cars drive... D North America 3 B

4 An average car is driven ... minutes a day. E 1990 4 C

5 Family income spent on cars was 13.2% in... F 27 5 E

iTask 16 B1 - "Work"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 c B C A C D A B


0 Because she has a beauty not typical in Hollywood. 1 She is skinny with long legs and rich curly hair. 2 Twice. 3 4 (years old). 4 A vet/veterinarian. 5 To become an actress. 6 She worked with a fashion agency. (Several answers are possible.) 7 Her brother, Eric. 8 "Steel Magnolias" and "Pretty Woman". 9 Her films were not successful and she had trouble in her private life as well. 10 Woody Allen.

177



0 adult 1 hand-washing 2 infection 3 eyes 4 microwave 5 healthier 6 sauna 7 25 percent 8 bacteria


0 1 2 3 4 5 A A C D B B


0 It is easy to stop a habit. B

1 The level of difficulty of giving up a habit depends on the type of habit. A

2 Giving up smoking largely depends whether the person is a man or a woman. C

3 There are people who are able to give up a habit immediately. A

4 In the article, we can hear ten tips on how to break a habit. B

5 It is very important to be aware of the health consequences of the habit. A

6 If you can make fun of the habit, you will get motivated to give it up. C

7 Make a written plan of the steps you will take to_get rid of the bad habit. B

8 The length of time needed to break a habit varies from person to person. A

9 If you tell people about your intention, they will encourage and support you. A

10 Your friends and family will always remind you to keep to your plan. B

178



0 genetically 1 second 2 re-exported 3 immediate 4 eight 5 sponsors 6 restrictions 7 environmental 8 ban


True False Doesn't say

0 Television influences only small children. X

1 Children in the US spend 3 to 4 hours a day watching TV. X

2 Children learn a lot of useful information from TV. X

3 Commercials affect children's performance at school. X

4 Children who watch a lot of TV also read more. X

5 Parents should always watch programmes together with their children.

X

6 Parents should also limit the amount of TV watching. X

7 During meal times families can talk about TV programmes. X


0 influence 1 graduate 2 interaction 3 commercials 4 lower 5 talk 6 appropriate 7 violence 8 Meal

179



0 The survey was carried out in the UK. A 1 The number of people not intending to have internet access has gone down. B 2 These people make up less than 50% of UK households. A 3 These people come from the middle class. C 4 Most people reason that they lack the necessary computer skills. A 5 They also say they are waiting for higher speed net connections to be avail-

able. C

6 Broadband and high-speed net are available almost everywhere in the UK. A 7 It's a challenge to reduce the costs for the "net refuseniks". B 8 If they don't get connected, they will be left behind in their careers as well. A


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 c G D A F B K I E H J


0 Speed-dating 1 In a bar or a club /In bars or clubs 2 Three minutes 3 A rabbi 4 They wrote down their impressions.

5 Contact details 6 In 2000. 7 (It's based) on science. 8 (Our) Hormones.

Task 27 B1 - "Science and technology" 0 Ada Lovelace was the daughter of... A his death 0 H

1 She was introduced to Babbage in... B Analytical

Engine 1 E

2 Babbage was an... C pieces of music 2 G

3 He created a machine, the... D financial, legal

and political 3 B

4 This machine was mechanical and Babbage worked on it until...

E 1833 4 A

5 However, the engine was never built because of ... problems.

F Italian mathe-matician 5 D

6 Ada also realized that the machine could compose... G English mathe-

matician 6 C

7 Ada translated the article of an ... on the Analytical Engine.

H Lord Byron 7 F

180


ITask 28 B1 - "School

0 are a lot of factors 1 mother tongue, naturally 2 first 3 writing, pronunciation 4 circumstances, motivation 5 Hungarian 6 impossible


0 1 2 " 3 4 5 6 7 AB B A AB A A A AB

ITask 30 B1 - "Free time and culture"

0 advertised 1 associated 2 resulted 3 barefoot 4 parachute 5 popularity 6 risks 7 guidance 8 appropriate 9 invent


0 From the city. 1 One sunny spring morning. 2 No (he didn't). 3 The nearby village. 4 Because he was very pale. 5 Because he was too well-mannered. 6 (He noticed) some writing. 7 He asked for another bowl of milk and some bread. 8 Because he had read the writing. / Because the writing said that we shouldn't forget

about the poor.

18!


ITask 3 2 B 1 - "Free time and culture"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 AB B B AB AB A B

Task 33 B1 - «Family life"

0 worth 1 pleasure 2 encourage 3 delight 4 strengthen 5 frequently 6 respect 7 selections


0 The holidaymakers knew that the apartments overlooked a very busy road. B

1 The pub/disco was open late every night. C

2 The people who were staying in the apartments couldn't sleep because of the noise made by the taxi drivers.

A

3 The owner of the appartments was a professional barman. C

4 Although it was very late at night, they wanted to have a hot meal. A

5 The holidaymakers didn't worry about their passports but they should have. A

6 Although the staff thought the holidaymakers had lost their passports them-selves, they did everything to help them find their passports.

B

7 The holidaymakers asked every resident to check their passports. C

8 The owner and the staff denied giving the passports to anyone else. A

9 They didn't enjoy their holiday at all because they had so many bad experi-ences.

B


0 semi-autobigraphical 1 courage 2 deadly 3 conversations 4 touched

182


5 deteriorating, solid 6 fourteenth/ 14th 7 timeless 8 fragile 9 identify


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A B AB AB A B B AB

ITask 2 B2 - "Work"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B C B B C A B C


0 seven hours 1 insomnia 2 energy 3 immune system 4 depression, anxiety 5 night's rest 6 habit 7 exercise 8 shower, reading


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 AB A A B A B AB

Task5 B2 - "Lifestyle"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 AB B AB B A A B B A B A A B

183


Task 6 B2 - "Free time and culture''

0 Out of the 1316 passengers of the Titanic

A who had clients from the British Royal family.

0 C

1 Millionaire Benjamin Guggenheim and his manservant

B after helping his pregnant wife onto a lifeboat.

1 F

2 A dress designer also survived C 498 survived. 2 A

3 The wealthiest man in the world at the time died

D the bands of the ship were play-ing. 3 B

4 While the passengers were getting into the lifeboats

E was believed to have cursed the ship. 4 D

5 An ancient Egyptian mummy F were ready to die like gentle-men. 5 E

B2 - "Lifestyle'

0 According to the text we humans are intellectuals who can control every aspect of our lives. A

1 Everybody wants to live in excellent health but sometimes taking drugs is necessary. B

2 Even with the highest economic standard of living, there are a lot of chroni-cally ill people among us. A

3 Owing to modern medicine, we live longer and are able to take care of the quality of our lives. C

4 People accept diseases as normal signs of aging. A

5 The main problem is that people are not living in accordance with the natu-ral order of life. A

6 Only our diet follows the natural way of life. B

7 When people eat out, they usually have unhealthy food. C

8 People know that they mostly have unhealthy food. B

9 Our physiology defines that we are fruit eaters. A

10 If we eat fruits and green leafy vegetables, we need to take mineral supple-ments. C

11 Fresh fruits and green leafy vegetables are the most natural option in our diet. A

184



0 evidence 1 moderate 2 prevention 3 exposure 4 removal 5 frequently 6 Excessive 7 developing 8 soles

iTask 9 B2 - "Work"

0 unemployment 1 under control 2 daily schedule 3 temporary 4 expenses 5 entertainment 6 workforce 7 Volunteering


0 essential element 1 more, better 2 aggravates, health 3 undergoes, boiling hot 4 breathing problems 5 maintained 6 hay fever/heat rash


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A B C B B C A C A


0 spiritually 1 nourishment; immune system 2 regulations; labelling

f 185


3 60% 4 permanent; irreversible 5 laboratory 6 exposure; behavioural 7 manufactured


0 1 2 3 4 5 B A B C A B

[Task 14 B2 - "Environment"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A B C A B D A C


0 In New York States, there are a lot of new turbines in...

A windmills in water. 0 C

1 More wind turbines are... B renewable energy sources. 1 E

2 There is great demand for.. . C the pipeline. 2 B

3 Offshore wind farms are in... D 2011. 3 G

4 New wind turbines will have been installed by... E rising out of Lake Erie. 4 D

5 In Lake Ontario they plan to install... F 140 turbines. 5 F

6 The cost of land-based turbines is much lower than... G Denmark and the Netherlands. 6 A

iTask 16 B2 - "Environment" 0 outlets 1 moving 2 necessities 3 fulfil 4 stretch 5 little 6 quality 7 accumulated 8 virtuous 9 volunteer 10 provide

186


[ ask 17 B2 - "Lifestyle"

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B A C A B B C A


0 unscripted 1 feature 2 surveillance/voyeurism 3 misnomer 4 coached 5 eligible 6 special-living-environment 7 behaviours; conflicts

ITask 19 B2 - "Work"

0 Muhammad Yunus is a banker from India. B

1 Micro credit is for entrepreneurs who cannot qualify for traditional loans because of their poverty.

A

2 Yunus and his bank were awarded the Nobel Prize for Best Economist. B

3 Yunus saw that Jobra women had to take out usurious loans to buy bamboo. A

4 Yunus offered to help them through loans to their husbands. C

5 Yunus gave the loan from his own pocket. A

6 Yunus' business partners saw an excellent opportunity in micro credit. C

7 By 2007, the Grameen Bank had given loan to more than 8 million borrowers. B 8 Informal groups ensure repayment as members support each other and act as

co-guarantors. A

9 Similar initiatives have started only in the developing world. B

10 Most loans have been given to women as they are more likely to share their earnings with their families. A

ITask 20 B 2 - " S c h o o l "

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A AB A B B AB B A

187

TARTALOMJEGYZÉK

ELŐSZÓ 5

MÓDSZERTANI BEVEZETŐ 7

NYELVHELYESSÉGI FELADATOK / U S E OF ENGLISH 13

A 2 14

B 1 2 0

B 2 3 5

HALLOTT SZÖVEG ÉRTÉSE / LISTENING 5 5

A 2 5 6

B 1 6 1

B 2 8 8

A HANGANYAG SZÖVEGÁTIRATA / TAPESCRIPTS 1 0 9

A 2 110

B 1 1 1 4

B 2 1 4 3

MEGOLDÁSOK 1 6 1

188

Szogine Tothne Erettsegi Angol 2

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