Syllabus シラバス 2: 講義構成＆ Gaddis, John Lewis, The Long Peace: Inquiries into the...

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2002/4/3 ©Ｋｕｎｉｋｏ　ＩＮＯＧＵＣＨＩ 3　→戻る

Syllabus　シラバス 2: 講義構成

Part I Security and Foreign Policy 　　安全保障と外交

1. Origins of the Cold War 冷戦の起源と展開

2. Nuclear Deterrence and Arms Race 核抑止論と軍拡競争

3. Arms Control and Disarmament 核軍縮と軍備管理

4. Collective Security and UN Peace-keeping 集団安全保障

5. Ending of the Cold War and Deep-rooted Conflicts 冷戦終結と根の深い紛争

6. Japan’s Foreign Policy and Its Problems 日本の対外政策

Part　II　Theories on War, Security, and NegotiationPart III International Political EconomyPart IV Global IssuesPart V Theories on New International Community

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Operation Knowledge-on-Line(国際政治学 on-Line)

F 国際政治学の講義サイト

http://pweb.sophia.ac.jp/~k-inoguc/

F サイトアクセス等技術的質問は

PCルームB　　受付時間は

月曜日�金曜日１２：４０ �２０：００

土曜日１０：００ �１５：００です。

F 上智コンピュータ室関連情報は以下で入手できます。http://ccweb.cc.sophia.ac.jp/riyo-annai/oshirase/index.html

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2001.4.13.冷戦の起源と展開

上智大学教授　猪口邦子


文献：冷戦の起源と展開1. 猪口邦子『戦争と平和』東京大学出版会､1989, 6章

2. 永井陽之助『冷戦の起源』中央公論社、1987, 1,6,7章

3. 鴨武彦『国際安全保障の構想』岩波書店、1990､4章

4. 谷口長世『NATO—変貌する地域安全保障』岩波新書2000年、1,2章

5. 鴨武彦編『講座世紀間の世界政治：旧超大国の国際関係』日本評論社、1993年、１章

6. 原彬久編『国際関係学講義』有斐閣、1996年、3章

7. ＆　Gaddis, John Lewis, The United States and the Origin of the Cold War: 1941-1947, New York: Columbia University Press, 1972.

8. ＆　Gaddis, John Lewis, The Long Peace: Inquiries into the History of the Cold War, New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

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冷戦の起源と展開

F 原爆開発と冷戦の起源：アングロアメリカン勢力によるソ連排除の構造

F 封じ込め政策の形成と展開→年表

F 冷戦型地域紛争の構造

– 朝鮮戦争：米国の冷戦政治と国連の利用

– ベトナム戦争：冷戦の周辺地域での熱戦化による極限的な破壊


封じこめ政策の形成と展開年表F 封じ込め政策の形成と展開年表F 1946　チャーチル「鉄のカーテン」／スターリン独占資本主義批判F 1947　ケナン「X論文」と封じこめの理念／トルーマン・ドクトリン／マーシャル・プラン

F 1949　コメコン（経済相互援助会議）設立／ベルリン封鎖危機／NATO結成／中華人民共和国誕生／ソ連、原爆保有を公表

F 1950　マッカーシズムとデマゴギー／朝鮮戦争勃発／中ソ友好同盟相互援助条約調印F 1953　スターリン死去

F 1955　ワルシャワ条約機構発足／４大首脳会議（ジュネーブの雪解け）F 1956　フルシチョフのスターリン批判／ハンガリー動乱

F 1958　フルシチョフ「平和共存」路線発表F 1959　アイゼンハワー・フルシチョフ会談（キャンプデービッド）F 1961　ケネディ・フルシチョフ会談（ウィーン）

F 1962　キューバ・ミサイル危機F 1964　トンキン湾事件

F 1965　米国、北ベトナム爆撃開始／中国、文化大革命始まるF 1967　ジョンソン・コスイギン会談（米グラスボロ）F 1968　プラハの春／ソ連、ＳＬＢＭ（潜水艦発射弾道ミサイル）開発／ブレジネフ・ドクトリン発表（共

産圏諸国の制限主権論）F 1969　西ドイツ、社民党のブラント政権誕生F 1972　ニクソン・ブレジネフ会談（モスクワ）

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冷戦期の時代区分F 1946-1969 冷戦期 (Cold War), 東西対立

F 1969-1979 デタント(détente)期F 1979-1985 新冷戦期（new Cold War)F 1985-1989 新デタント期(détente II)　

　　　　　　　　　→冷戦終結

ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー

転換の契機

１９６９年　米ソ戦略的パリティー（parity)

１９７９年２月　ソ連アフガニスタン侵攻

１９８５年３月　ソ連にゴルバチョフ政権成立


Winston Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech at Fulton, Missouri, 1946F From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the

Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the　Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe.

F Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and　the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one　form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing　　measure of control from Moscow.

F (March 3, 1946)

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Iron Curtain as expressed in Winston Churchill’s Speech,

1946


George Kennan Containment Policy 封じ込め政策

F In February of 1946, he sent　a detailed message to the State Department, which detailed　the basic assumptions that lay behind Soviet foreign policy.　The message became known as the "Long Telegram." He insisted on the insecurity of Soviet leadership internally and externally.

F In the June 1947 issue of the journal Foreign Affairs, there　was an article which laid the groundwork for future US　actions. In it, Kennanwriting under the pseudonym X　proposed that the best strategy for dealing with the Soviet threat was to contain it where it was currently in force.

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Truman Doctrine, 1947PRESIDENT HARRY S. TRUMAN'S ADDRESS

BEFORE A JOINT SESSION OF CONGRESS, MARCH 12, 1947

F “Greece's neighbor, Turkey, also deserves our attention.” The Truman Doctrine, a plan to help states going through a struggle for freedom against their oppressors, was instituted in 1948. President Truman said, "I believe it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." The Truman Doctrine instituted a policy of containment.

　→援助金額


How Marshall Plan aid was distributed and which East bloc nations rejected help

円グラフ

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The Soviet blockade of Berlin’s western sector, 1948 ベルリン封

鎖

With CNN

When the Soviet blockade of Berlin’s western sector began, there were only 2 major airports— in the American and the British sector. In just 93 days with the help of 17000 Berliners Tegel airport was built in the French sector, creating what was, at the time, the longest runway in Europe.


The Berlin Airlift 1948-1949ベルリン封鎖危機

The airlift marked the first major confrontation in the Cold War. For 11 months beginning in June 1989, the Western allies

took part in an unprecedented attempt to

keep a city alive—entirely from the air. The air crews performed what

many thought was impossible.

With CNN

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The US, British, and French Sectors combined to form a democratic state, The Federal Republic of Germany, or West Germany.

The Soviet sector became a communist state, The German Democratic Republic, or East Germany, on October 7, 1949.

Germany Divided, 1949


With CNN

INVASION - June-September 1950

In the pre-dawn hours of June 25, 1950, North Korea sent an invasion force across the 38th parallel into South Korea. The Northern forces rapidly advanced southward against the ill-

equipped defenders, taking the Southern capital Seoul three days after the invasion began. The United Nations condemned North Korea's attack. The

Soviet Union, Pyongyang's mentor, was boycotting the U.N. Security Council at the time -- and was thus unable to veto the council's condemnation, which set

up a U.N. force to defend South Korea.

The Korean War 1950-53

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2002/4/3 ©Ｋｕｎｉｋｏ　ＩＮＯＧＵＣＨＩ 19　→戻るWith CNN

The Korean War: Counterattack 1950

COUNTERATTACK - September-October 1950

U.N. forces, under the command of U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur, landed at the port of Inchon near Seoul on September 15, 1950. The landing cut off much of the North Korean army, which was attempting to force a way into the Pusan Perimeter. U.N. forces, breaking out from Pusan and coming south from Inchon, were able to overwhelm the Northern troops in South Korea. Seoul was taken by U.N. forces on September 26.


October 1950-January 1951

In late October 1950, a large Chinese force entered North Korea. On November 24,MacArthur announced what he believed would be the final offensive of the war. The next day, a Chinese force estimated at between 130,000 and 300,000 attacked the U.N. forces. The U.N. abandoned Pyongyang on December 4.

The Korean War: Chinese Advance

With CNN

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With CNN

ARMISTICE - January 1951-July 1953

U.N. forces reoccupied Seoul in March 1951. From there they were able to advance slightly north of the 38th parallel. In April, MacArthur -- who had openly disagreed with President Truman over how to conduct the war --was relieved of his command.Truce talks began on July 10, 1951. By that time, the war had become static -- with neither side making any real advances. Disagreement over several issues, including the exchange of prisoners, delayed the signing of an armistice for another two years.

The Korean War: Armistice


Starting in August 1961, East German soldiers divided the city with barbed wire, and until its fall in 1989, the Wall was expanded into a lethal no-man's land.

With CNN

The Berlin Wall

　→空輸

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Cuban Missile CrisisSan Julian airfield - 15 Nov 62

The closest the world has come to nuclear war was the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962. The Soviets had installed nuclear missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles off the coast of the United States. U.S. armed forces were at their highest state of readiness. Soviet field commanders in Cuba were authorized to use tactical nuclear weapons if invaded by the U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Premier


Cuban Missile Crisis, map

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Cuban Missile Crisis: step 1The Soviets started the shipments in early 1962.

It was only on October 14, 1962 that the US discovered the presence of a ballistic missile on a launching site. John McCone, head of the CIA, had suspected since August that Soviets were introducing offensive missiles to Cuba. However, he had not been listened as he was seen as being ardently anti-communist and other actors in the decision-making process did not believe that Soviets would introduce offensive missiles to Cuba until they saw them with their own eyes.


Cuban Missile Crisis: step2On October 22, 1962 president Kennedy declared

that the island of Cuba was under quarantine. It had not been easy to make this choice. However,ExCom decided that it was the only possible choice. The other choices had been surgical air strike and doing nothing. Surgical air strike it had been ruled out because the US Air Force did not believe that it could guarantee success. Doing nothing was also dismissed as it would not go 'well' with US credibility (and there was no guarantee that the Soviets would not introduce more missiles to Cuba). Kennedy also announced that the US forces would confiscate "offensive weapons and associated material" entering the quarantinedzone.

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Cuban Missile Crisis: step 3 After a tense week (during which many messages

were exchanged and the parties started to prepare for war) Khrushchev announced, on October 28, that the construction of the sites had stopped. Khrushchev also recognized that the missile placed on the island were of offensive nature.

Although the Soviet premier declared that a UN agency could verify his promise, such a UNinspection never took place. The US government, following its U-2 flight inspections, lifted thequarantine on November 20.


ヴェトナム戦争

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資料　　Iron Curtain, 1945-1946

http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/02/maps/1946.html


資料　　Truman　Doctrin,　1947

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　Marshall　Plan


　Marshall　Plan　分配国分布

http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/03/maps/

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資料　　　ベルリン封鎖危機



資料　　　朝鮮戦争　勃発


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資料　　　鉄のカーテン


資料　　キューバ危機

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資料　　ベトナム戦争

http://history.acusd.edu/cdr2/USPics/vietmapB.jpg

Syllabus シラバス 2: 講義構成＆ Gaddis, John Lewis, The Long Peace: Inquiries into the...

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