suplimentar - Mapping cultures.pdf

7/28/2019 suplimentar - Mapping cultures.pdf

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Mapping cultures

Roxana Voicu-Dorobanu, Ph.D.


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"We are hopelessly lost!

"I don't recognize any landmarks, and without a map we'llnever find our route, arrive at a place to stay for the night

or ever get home!"


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What does the map do? Help you:

identify the general 'topography' of cultures - the beliefs,attitudes, behaviors, procedures and social structures thatshape human interactions;

identify potential hazards, obstacles and pleasant surprises that

intercultural travelers and negotiators might miss if they didnot have a trusty guide;

select responses that will promote successful interactions and

outcomes. Unfortunately, few analytical frameworks identify,interpret and respond to cultural differences. Few mapsdescribe how different cultures solve problems, negotiateagreements or resolve disputes.


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What is culture?

Culture is the cumulative result of

experience, values,

religion,

beliefs,

attitudes, meanings,

knowledge,

social organizations,

procedures, timing,

roles,

spatial relations, concepts of the universe and

material objects and

possessions acquired or

created by groups of people,

in the course of generations,through individual and group

effort and interactions.


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Culture (2)

Culture manifests itself in

patterns of language,

behavior and

activities

And provides models and norms

for acceptable day-to-day interactions

and styles of communication.


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And culture.

Culture enables people to live together in a societywithin a given geographic environment, at a given state of

technical development and at a particular moment in time

(adapted from Samovar and Porter, 1972).


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Just countries?

ethnic groups

clans

tribes

regional subcultures

neighborhoods families

men

women

companies organizations

educational institutions


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inaccurate stereotypes,

gross injustice to the group

inaccurate(and possibly disastrous) assumptions or actions

Rigidity : What does it lead to?


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1. Understand that culture can make a

difference and pay attention to it.

Mistake1: assume that all of us are basically the same.

Mistake 2: romanticize culture and diversity,

treat other cultures as exotic,sacred and deserving of protection

from 'cultural imperialism'.


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2. Develop an awareness of how cultural

differences influence problem solving and

negotiation.

The Wheel of Culture Map identifies cultural factors that

shape the ways members of societies bargain for their

interests and respond to disputes


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The Hub

individualism/collectivism continuum (Hofstede, 1982)

Cultures oriented toward

individuals

Cultures oriented toward

collectivism

individual autonomy group cohesion

initiative harmony

creativity consultation with group members

before decision making

authority in decision making consideration of the well-being of the

group over that of the individual


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Hofstede


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Trompenaars

Universalism vs. Particularism Analyzing vs. Integrating

Individualism vs. Communitarianism

Inner-directed vs. Outer-directed

Time as sequence vs. Time as synchronisation

Achieved status vs. Ascribed status

Equality vs. Hierarchy


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The Inner Rim

The individuals or groups engaged in negotiations eachdemonstrate:

situations, issues or problems that must be addressed;

needs or interests they wish to have met in the outcome of

problem solving;

sources of power and influence.


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The Outer Rim

the natural environment; history, events, trends and adaptations that have occurred

over time;

social structures - both intellectual and physical -


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The Spokes

- Establishing, building and maintaining relationships how established?

with whom?

activities

building/changing factors

- Orientation toward cooperation, competition and

conflict

acceptability of overt conflict common patterns of conflict behavior


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The Spokes

- Appropriate and effective communications direct/indirect

explicit/implicit

emotional/non-emotional expression

one-at-a-time talk vs. overlapping talk

non-verbal communication

- Problem-solving or negotiation processes

role of relationships and trust positional or interest-based bargaining styles

ways of performing negotiation stages


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The Spokes

- Preferred outcomes to problems or conflicts

orientation towards 'winning' or success

preferences concerning substantive, procedural orpsychological emphasis or components of outcomes

culturally acceptable or sanctioned norms aboutoutcomes

- Roles and functions of third parties

relationship to parties

procedures used involvement in substance

partial/impartial


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The Spokes

- Management of time and timing expectations concerning duration

timing of activities

timing allowed for agreement

- Use and set-up of venue and space

indoors/outdoors

formal/informal

space set-up


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3. Educate yourself about a new culture.

books, magazines, newspaper articles Internet

Movies, videos

Find and talk with members of the other culture

Talk with members of your own culture who have lived

or worked in the culture you expect to encounter.


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4. Develop a negotiating plan appropriate

to the situation.


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So? (lutions)

1. Recognize when something different appears tobe happening.

2. Analyze and interpret what is happening and

develop an appropriate response.

3. Select and implement a strategy.


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suplimentar - Mapping cultures.pdf

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