Subject---Verb Agreement
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Subject---Verb Agreement
主谓一致
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“ “ 一致”是指句子成分之间或词语一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。 “ “ 主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致,即主必须在人称、性、数上保持一致,即主语是复数,谓语也用复数形式,如语是复数,谓语也用复数形式,如 are, are, were, havewere, have 等,主语是单数, 等,主语是单数, 谓语要用单数形式,如:谓语要用单数形式,如: is, wis, was, has, worksas, has, works 等。等。
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学习主谓一致所应注意的原则
英语中,主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式。主谓一致需遵循以下三条原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
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一 .谓语的动词要与主语的人称和数一致。
The boy _____ diving.
They _____ diving.
is
are
The students of Class One_____not wrongare
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A young man and a girl want to go there.
The singer and the writer are famous to many young people.
二 .由 and 连接的两个单数名词做主语时,谓动一般用复数。
Both Jack and Tim _____ diving.are
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1). 但如果意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时,谓动要用单数。
The singer and writer isis famous to everyone.
A pen and book is what I need.
A needle(针) and thread(线)was found on the floor.
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2). 当 each…and each…, every…and every…, no…and no…, many a…and many a…. 等结构做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。① No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没有发现人和动物。
② Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work. 许多医生和护士都在忙于他们的工作。
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3). 一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰,表示两个不同的概念时,谓动应用复数。Ancient( 古代) and modern history are the subjects we are studying.
但如果表示的是同一概念时,谓动应用单数。The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14.
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三、集体名词做主语时的主谓一致
1). 有生命的词,如 cattle, police, people 等做主语时,谓动常用复数。
The police are investigating the crime.
The cattle are kept in his farm.
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2). 无生命的词,如 foliage( 叶子),machinery( 机械), clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage merchandise( 商品、货物)等做主语时,谓动用单数。
All the machinery in this factory is made in China.Clothing is badly needed in this
flooded area.
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3).audience,class, crew, committee, family, team, group,army,police 等做主语时,如指一整体,谓动用单数;如指全体中的每一个成员,谓动则用复数。① The football team is being recognized.
② The football team are having baths and are coming back here for tea.
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---- A: How many people are there in your family?
--- B: There are six.--- A: Woo! Your family ___ a big one. Can you tell me your hobbies?--- B: Ok! My parents like running, my two sisters like swimming, my
brother and I like playing football.
--- A: So your family all ____ sports.
is
like
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四、不定代词做主语时的主谓一致1). 不定代词 each,another,the other, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所构成的复合代词做主语时,谓动用单数形式。① Neither has gone through regular training.
② Nobody wants to go there.
③ Something has been done to end the strike.
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不定代词 anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
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2). None 和 neither 有时当作单数看待,有时当作复数看待,主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时,谓动可用单数,也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数,因而谓动须用单数。
Neither of them ___________ (know) how to teach English.
None of them ___________ (know) how to teach English.
knows/know
knows/know
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3). both,(a) few, many, several 等做主语时,谓动常用复数。Both (of) the instruments are not precise ones.4). all 做主语表示人时,谓动用复数;若表物,谓动则用单数。
① All is well that ends well.
② All are eager to reach an agreement.
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五 . 就近原则 : 当用作主语的两个名词或代词由 or, either…or , neither…nor… 或 not only…but also 连接时 , 谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。
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六 .就前原则 :主语后如有下面词或短语 ,如 with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including , in addition to 等 ,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
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Mr. Black , as well as two women, ______ at the office.
isMr. Black
with, together with, along with
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七 . 由 there 或 here 引导的句子,主语不止一个名词是, 谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。
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八、形式为复数、意义为单数的名词做主语时的主谓一致1 ) .表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的名词做主语,谓动常用单数。
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2 ) .两数相加、相乘,谓动单复数均可;两数相减、相除,谓动只用单数。①Thirty-six from forty leaves six.
②Six times seven are/is forty-two.
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3 ) .主语是以 -ics 结尾的学科时,谓动一般用单数;以 -s结尾的专有名词做主语,如: the United States, the New Times, Arabian Nights 等,谓动要用单数。
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4 ) .群岛、山脉、瀑布等专有名词如 : the Alps, the Philippines, Niagara Falls 等做主语时,谓动用复数。Niagara Falls are a splendid scene.
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5. 名词如 trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scissors 以及 clothes, goods 等做主语,谓动要用复数;但当这类词前有 a/the pair of 修饰时,谓动用单数。
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九、百分数、分数做主语时的主谓一致
当百分数、分数后加名词或代词时,要根据这个名词或代词来确定其谓动的单复数形式。
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十、“ the+ 形容词 / 过去分词做主语的主谓一致“the+ 形容词 /过去分词”表示一类人或事物时,谓动用复数;若指某一抽象概念,则用单数。
①The sick here are very well cared for.
②The true is to be told from the false.
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十一、“ one of+ 复数名词 +定语从句“结构中的主谓一致1. 在” one of + 复数名词 +定语从句“结构中,定语从句中的谓动的单复数形式由它所修饰的先行词来决定。This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.
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2. 在” the (only) one of+ 复数名词 +定语从句“结构中,定语从句的谓动仍用单数。Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who is studying the major of International Law in this university.
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十二、从句、不定式、 -ing 形式做主语时的主谓一致1. 在以 what 从句作主语的”主系表“结构中,主句的谓动要以表语名词的单复数而定。① What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
② What his father left him are a few English books.
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2. 动词不定式、 -ing 形式做主语,谓动用单数。
To learn English well is difficult.
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3.在 what从句所引导的”主系表“结构中,若从句中具有两个以上的动词,主句中谓动应用复数。
What I say and think are none of your business.
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4. 以 who, why, how, whether 或 that引导的从句做主语时,谓动用单数。
Why she did this is not known.
由 how and why, when and where 引导的从句做主语时,谓动仍用单数。
When and where we will have the meeting has not been decided.
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5. and 连接的两个名词性从句做主语,如表示两件事情,则谓动用复数。
What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.
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Supplementary Exercises
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Multiple choice:
1. On the wall______ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging2. “News of victories _____ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept3. There _____ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has4. Zhang’s family ____ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was5. Nobody but Jane ____ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known
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6. All but one _____ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were7. A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary __ tired of having one exam after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 9. The number of people invited ____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 10. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided
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Good Bye