1. 1. 1. Th nghim HS quan st m phng th nghim. HS quan st th nghim v in vo bng sau: I. HIN TNG IN LI 1. Th nghim 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI 1. Cu to ca nc 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl 3. Qu trnh in li ca HCl I. HIN TNG IN LI
2. 2. Cht Hin tng Nc ct Dung dch NaCl Dung dch HCl Dung dch NaOH Dung dch C12H22O11 Dung dch CH3COOH Dung dch C2H5OH Dung dch BaSO4 Hin tng n khng sng n sng n sng n sng n khng sng n sng n khng sng n khng sng
3. 3. I. HIN TNG IN LI 1. Th nghim 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI 1. Cu to ca nc 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl 3. Qu trnh in li ca HCl I. HIN TNG IN LI Cc th nghim khc tng t cho kt qu nh sau: - NaCl rn, khan: Khng dn in. - NaOH rn, khan: Khng dn in. - Dung dch ancol etylic: Khng dn in. - Dung dch glixerol: Khng dn in. - Cc dung dch axit, baz v mui u dn in. Rt ra kt lun g t cc th nghim trn?
4. 4. I. HIN TNG IN LI 1. Th nghim 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI 1. Cu to ca nc 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl 3. Qu trnh in li ca HCl I. HIN TNG IN LI Cc cht rn, khan: NaCl, NaOH v mt s dd: ru, ng...khng dn in. Cc dung dch axit, baz, mui u dn in. Nhiu cht dn in trng thi nng chy nh: KOH, MgCl2 KT LUN
5. 5. Ti sao dung dch NaCl dn in c nhng NaCl rn, khan khng dn in c. Ti sao cng l cht lng nhng dung dch NaCl dn in cn dung dch saccaroz v nc ct khng dn in?
6. 6. I. HIN TNG IN LI 1. Th nghim 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI 1. Cu to ca nc 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl 3. Qu trnh in li ca HCl 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in ca cc dung dch axit, baz v mui. HS Xem m phng v thnh phn cc dung dch C6H12O6, Dung dch NaCl, dung dch HCl (crocodile chemistry). I. HIN TNG IN LI
7. 7. Trong dung dch NaCl: Khi NaCl tan vo nc s phn li thnh cc ion Na+ v Cl- mang in. Trong dung dch ng: Khi ng tan vo nc cc phn t ng tch ra khi h tinh th nh vy trong dch khng c cc phn t mang in. HS rt ra nguyn nhn gy ra tnh dn in ca cc dung dch axit, bazo v mui. Do trong dung dch ca chng c cc tiu phn mang in tch chuyn ng t do. I. HIN TNG IN LI 1. Th nghim 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI 1. Cu to ca nc 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl 3. Qu trnh in li ca HCl I. HIN TNG IN LI
8. 8. I. HIN TNG IN LI 1. Th nghim 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI 1. Cu to ca nc 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl 3. Qu trnh in li ca HCl KT LUN: Qu trnh phn li cc cht trong nc ra ion gi l s in li. Nhng cht khi tan trong nc phn li ra ion c gi l nhng cht in li. Axit, baz v mui l nhng cht in li. I. HIN TNG IN LI
9. 9. I. HIN TNG IN LI 1. Th nghim 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI 1. Cu to ca nc 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl 3. Qu trnh in li ca HCl Lu : Tng in tch cation Tng in tch anion= Tn cation Tn anion = = Tn Kim loiCation Anion Tn gc axit + + I. HIN TNG IN LI
10. 10. I. HIN TNG IN LI 1. Th nghim 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI 1. Cu to ca nc 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl 3. Qu trnh in li ca HCl Vit cc phng trnh in li: NaCl, HCl, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, Fe(NO3)3 NaCl Na+ + Cl- HCl H+ + Cl- NaOH Na+ + OH- Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH- Fe(NO3)3 Fe3+ + 3NO3 - HS rt ra kt lun: Axit = H+ + Gc axit Bazo = ion dng kim loi + OH- Mui = ion dng kim loi + gc axit I. HIN TNG IN LI
11. 11. Ti sao nc nguyn cht, NaCl rn, khan li u khng dn in c nhng khi ha tan NaCl vo nc th dung dch li dn in c Phi chng c s tng tc gia tinh th NaCl v phn t nc???
12. 12. I. HIN TNG IN LI 1. Th nghim 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI 1. Cu to ca nc 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl 3. Qu trnh in li ca HCl II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI 1. Cu to ca phn t nc O H H O Cu to ca phn t nc M hnh c ca phn t nc
13. 13. Oxi v hidro nguyn t no m in ln hn? Lin kt O-H lch v bn nguyn t no? Oxi mang 1 phn in tch g, hidro mang 1 phn in tch g?
14. 14. I. HIN TNG IN LI 1. Th nghim 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI 1. Cu to ca nc 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl 3. Qu trnh in li ca HCl O c m in ln hn H, lin kt O-H b lch v pha nguyn t O. 1. Cu to ca phn t nc Nc l phn t c cc. Oxi mang 1 phn in tch dng, hidro mang 1 phn in tch m. II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI
15. 15. I. HIN TNG IN LI 1. Th nghim 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI 1. Cu to ca nc 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl 3. Qu trnh in li ca HCl 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl Xem video sau: _ + NaCl II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI
16. 16. Phng trnh in li: NaCl Na+ + Cl- I. HIN TNG IN LI 1. Th nghim 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI 1. Cu to ca nc 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl 3. Qu trnh in li ca HCl Nhn xt: khi cho cc tinh th NaCl vo nc, ion Na+ v Cl- trn b mt tinh th ht v chng cc phn t H2O: cation ht u m v anion ht u dng ca phn t nc. Di tc dng ca cc phn t nc cc ion Na+ v Cl- tch ra khi tinh th v i vo trong dung dch. II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI
17. 17. Cc phn t c kin kt ion khi tan trong nc phn li thnh cc ion. Vy cc phn t c lin kt cng ha tr khi ha tan trong nc c phn li thnh cc ion khng? Qu trnh in li xy ra nh th no?
18. 18. + + + _ S qu trnh phn li HCl trong nc _
19. 19. I. HIN TNG IN LI 1. Th nghim 2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI 1. Cu to ca nc 2. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl 3. Qu trnh in li ca HCl 2. Qu trnh in li ca HCl HCl H+ + Cl- Khi tan trong nc, cc phn t HCl ht v nhng cc ngc du ca cc phn t nc. Do s tng tc ca phn t H2O v HCl m phn t HCl in li thnh cc ion H+ v Cl-. II. C CH QU TRNH IN LI
20. 20. Dung dch mui n Dung dch ng Nc ct TH NGHIM TNH DN IN CA DUNG DCH Quan st m phng th nghim v cho bit hin tng g xy ra
21. 21. Qu trnh in li ca NaCl
22. 22. Th nghim tnh dn in ca cc dung dch