S/U-BULLETENG 1–17nlf.no/sites/default/files/motorfly/dokument/su-bulleteng_2017-01.pdf ·...

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S/U-BULLETENG 1–17 Sikkerhets- og utdanningskomiteen Motorflyseksjonen Teorikunnskap rett hjem til deg

Transcript of S/U-BULLETENG 1–17nlf.no/sites/default/files/motorfly/dokument/su-bulleteng_2017-01.pdf ·...

Page 1: S/U-BULLETENG 1–17nlf.no/sites/default/files/motorfly/dokument/su-bulleteng_2017-01.pdf · Decision making, instrument flying, using the autopilot, and IMC exit strategies. Lesson

S/U-BULLETENG 1–17

Sikkerhets- og utdanningskomiteen Motorflyseksjonen

Teorikunnskap rett hjem til deg

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Hei, og velkommen til ny SU‐Bulleteng. 

Styret i motorflyseksjonen anmodet SU‐komiteen om å utgi en bulleteng i forbindelse med en hendelse der en Cessna 172 fløy inn i dårlig vær. Som fremgår av brevet fra SHT som er gjengitt i sin helhet i bulletengen, endte hendelsen lykkelig. Imidlertid er dette en kraftig påminnelse til oss alle om at været er lunefullt, noe vi også vet er tilfelle i den lyse årstiden med denne sommeren som god referanse. Ustabil luft, store temperatursvingninger og kraftige fronter gjør meteorologi og værvarsling spesielt krevende. Det er ved å merke seg at det oppstår kraftige værfenomen meget lokalt, noe som er svært vanskelig å melde nøyaktig. 

I det denne bulletengen blir ferdigstilt kommer den tragiske nyheten om at en av våre fly‐venner er omkommet i flyulykke i Sør Norge med en Aquila 2‐seter fra Nedre Romerike FK. 

Omstendigheter rundt ulykken vil bli gransket, og man vil forhåpentlig finne årsaksforhold. På vegne av Sikkerhets‐ og Utdanningskomiteen i motorflyseksjonen i NLF sendes varme tanker til de pårørende. 

Vi må som en liten og sårbar gruppe i samfunnet stå sammen om å skape gode holdninger, verne om verdier og samles i arbeidet med å bygge sikkerhet i alle ledd av luftsport og luftfart. NLF er en viktig rekrutterings‐ og inspirator i alle seksjoner, og kun ved å samles i felles innsats kan vi som frivillig organisasjon lykkes i å skape en bærekraftig fremtid for alle som lengter etter å fly og å gjøre denne fantastiske aktivitet tilgjengelig og trygg for de som ønsker å ta steget inn i vår verden. 

Vi legger også inn en god artikkel fra AOPA som handler om dette med VFR into IMC. 

Jeg ønsker dere alle en fortsatt god sommer, tenk deg grundig om, spør om råd og fly med en venn eller instruktør som gir deg glede og trygghet om det er noe du synes er litt skummelt akkurat nå! 

 

Ola Lilloe‐Olsen 

Leder SU‐motorflyseksjonen.  

 

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Postadresse Statens havarikommisjon for transport Postboks 213 2001 Lillestrøm

Kontoradresse Statens havarikommisjon for transport Sophie Radichsvei 17 2003 Lillestrøm

Telefon: 63 89 63 00 Faks: 63 89 63 01

http://www.aibn.no E-post: [email protected]

Norges Luftsportforbund Møllergata 39 0179 OSLO

Saksbehandler/Telefon: Birger Andreas Bull, +47 99 51 49 69 Vår dato: 15.05.2017 Vår ref.: 16/74- 22 Deres dato: Deres ref.:

OVERSENDELSESBREV SIKKERHETSTILRÅDING SL 2017/01T

Statens havarikommisjon for transport (SHT) har avsluttet undersøkelsen og avgitt sin rapport vedrørende alvorlig luftfartshendelse Reinsvoll flyplass 23. januar 2016 med Cessna 172S LN-AGT. Sammendrag Fartøysjefen hadde sjekket flyværet og var således kjent med at det var lavt skydekke på Reinsvoll den 23. januar 2016. Rett etter avgang fløy fartøysjefen, som hadde et meget lavt erfaringsnivå og som ikke var kvalifisert for instrumentflyging, uforvarende inn i instrumentforhold. Han valgte å svinge i retning medvindsleggen i forhåpning om å oppnå visuell kontakt med rullebanen og lande igjen. Da han ikke lyktes med å komme inn i visuelle flyforhold måtte han, fordi han var kjent med at det var stigende terreng forut, gjøre en 180 graders sving til høyre. I løpet av sistnevnte sving oppdaget fartøysjefen at flyet var i ferd med å synke og med relativt stor krengning. Han lyktes med å rette opp flyet og valgte å stige i forhåpning om å komme over skyene. Etter å ha gjennomført en skygjennomgang på ca. 2 000 ft, kom flyet inn i visuelle flygeforhold. Fartøysjefen gjorde flere forsøk på å finne områder med visuelle flygeforhold slik at han kunne lande. Etter en stund kalte han opp lufttrafikktjenesten og ble til slutt radarledet frem til en vellykket landing på Fagernes lufthavn Leirin etter å ha fløyet i 1,5 time. Hendelsen viser hvor viktig det er å planlegge med gode marginer. Minimumsgrenser er nettopp minimum og en buffer i forhold til disse er en investering i sikkerhet. At fartøysjefen hadde en lav terskel for å ta kontakt med lufttrafikktjenesten før situasjonen eskalerte var en suksessfaktor til at dette endte godt. Havarikommisjonen fremmer en sikkerhetstilråding i forbindelse med denne undersøkelsen, og som går til Norges Luftsportsforbund (NLF). Sikkerhetstilråding SL nr. 2017/01T Havarikommisjonen mener at hendelsen på Reinsvoll er et eksempel i en rekke av hendelser hvor mangel på godt flygerskjønn har vært en faktor innen allmennflyging. EASA har gjennom deres

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Statens havarikommisjon for transport Side 2

Postadresse Statens havarikommisjon for transport Postboks 213 2001 Lillestrøm

Kontoradresse Statens havarikommisjon for transport Sophie Radichsvei 17 2003 Lillestrøm

Telefon: 63 89 63 00 Faks: 63 89 63 01

http://www.aibn.no E-post: [email protected]

EGAST utstedt diverse informasjonsmateriell som SHT mener er viktig litteratur og bidrag til holdningsskapende flytryggingsarbeid.

Statens havarikommisjon for transport (SHT) tilrår Norges Luftsportforbund (NLF) å oppdatere og gjeninnføre Good Aviation Practice (GAP) informasjonsmateriell samt oppfordre klubbene til aktiv bruk av dette materiellet i deres flytryggingsarbeid.

Oppfølging Det vises til forskrift om offentlige undersøkelse av luftfartsulykker og luftfartshendelser innen sivil luftfart §§ 1 og 8 jf. undersøkelsesforordningen artikkel 18.1 «oppfølging av sikkerhetstilrådninger og database over sikkerhetstilrådninger». På denne bakgrunn ber Havarikommisjonen om at Norges Luftsportforbund (NLF) innen 15. august 2017 redegjør for hvilke tiltak som er iverksatt eller vurderes iverksatt, og eventuelt når tiltakene er planlagt sluttført. Hvis tiltak ikke kan iverksettes må dette begrunnes.

Vennlig hilsen William J. Bertheussen Direktør

Kåre Halvorsen Avdelingsdirektør

Dokumentet er elektronisk godkjent. Lenke til relevante lover og forskrifter: https://www.aibn.no/Luftfart/Regelverk

Mottakere: Norges Luftsportforbund

Kopi til: Luftfartstilsynet Samferdselsdepartementet

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AIR SAFETY INSTITUTE©2017 • 421 Aviation Way, Frederick, MD 21701 • 800.638.3101 • airsafetyinstitute.org

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VFR INTO IMCA syllabus designed to help protect pilots against GA's most fatal type of weather-related accident: VFR into IMC. Recommended for use by flight instructors and schools.

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AIR SAFETY INSTITUTE©2017 • 421 Aviation Way, Frederick, MD 21701 • 800.638.3101 • airsafetyinstitute.org 1

Introduction ........................................................................................................1

Lesson 1: Ground ............................................................................................ 2

Lesson 1: Flight/Simulator ......................................................................... 4

Lesson 2: Ground .............................................................................................6

Lesson 2: Flight/Simulator ...........................................................................8

IMC Escape Procedures ............................................................................... 10

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AVOIDING IMCThe best defense against flying under visual flight rules (VFR) into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) is to avoid entering them in the first place. Keeping the big weather picture in mind before a trip, and then frequently checking weather observations during a flight, can support a safe outcome. After all, weather is what you find, not necessarily what’s being forecast. If conditions worsen after takeoff, diverting early or getting the airplane on the ground before nearing IMC is the safest choice.

USING THIS SYLLABUSThis syllabus is designed to help recognize the dangers of inadvertent VFR flight into IMC and to recommend safe exit practices. It is not intended for training toward an instrument rating, and should be used by flight schools and instructors as an integral part of existing lesson plans, syllabi, or curricula for both ground and flight. Some lessons may be divided up at the instructor’s discretion to match each pilot’s learning pace. Proficiency can be maintained by using this syllabus during flight reviews, checkouts, and flights with a qualified safety pilot.

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AIR SAFETY INSTITUTE©2017 • 421 Aviation Way, Frederick, MD 21701 • 800.638.3101 • airsafetyinstitute.org 2

Lesson 1

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Weather theory, information, and services.

Lesson Objectives• Learn what IMC is, how it develops, how to recognize it, and

how to avoid it

• Review the spatial disorientation risks that can occur even in visual meteorological conditions (VMC) (e.g., moonless nights over water, haze, flying on top of an overcast layer)

• Cover the essential weather knowledge you need to avoid IMC, gain a better understanding of the hazards associated with flying VFR into IMC, and learn more about the consequences of making poor decisions by viewing the free safety programs in ASI’s VFR into IMC Safety Spotlight (www.airsafetyinstitute.org/spotlight/vfrintoimc)

—Continued on Next Page—

Ground

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AIR SAFETY INSTITUTE©2017 • 421 Aviation Way, Frederick, MD 21701 • 800.638.3101 • airsafetyinstitute.org 3

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Discussion o Weather patterns and trends that develop into IMC

o What constitutes marginal VFR (MVFR) conditions

o How moisture affects ceiling and visibility (including signifi-cance of temperature/dewpoint and development of fog)

o Weather products that indicate deteriorating weather, IMC, and associated risks

o Getting the "Big Picture" of weather 3-5 days in advance

o Diverting to an alternate due to adverse weather (including communications with air traffic control and use of GPS)

o Weather information and services provided by Flight Service

o Weather information and advisories provided by ATC

o How Flight Service and ATC can help you find VMC

o How to get an updated in-flight weather briefing

o Psychological pressures that lure pilots to press on into IMC

o Use of autopilot if IMC is encountered

Completion StandardsCompletion of all lesson objectives, the ability to explain all discussion points including psychological pressures that influ-ence decision making, and what appropriate actions pilots should take to avoid IMC encounters.

Lesson 1Ground

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AIR SAFETY INSTITUTE©2017 • 421 Aviation Way, Frederick, MD 21701 • 800.638.3101 • airsafetyinstitute.org 4

Basic instrument flying, maneuvers, and emergency situations.

Lesson Objectives• Perform full-panel, instrument flying and scanning basics in a

simulator or actual IMC

• Perform slow flight and unusual attitude recovery (optional: full-panel stall recovery)

• Practice 180-degree turns in simulated or actual conditions with and without the autopilot

Maximizing the Learning ExperienceFlying in actual IMC can be one of the best learning environ-ments for new and experienced instrument and VFR-only pilots, whereas flight simulators and flight training devices (FTDs) offer the benefit of added safety, lower costs, and the ability to stop at any point for further instruction and critique. More often than not, a combination of flight simulation and actual flight can maxi-mize the learning experience.

If using this lesson in flight, coordinate with ATC beforehand to find out whether they can assist with practice VFR into IMC en-counters, simulated emergencies, weather diversions (radar vec-tors), and instrument approach procedures to an airport when the pilot doesn’t have approach charts.

—Continued on Next Page—

Lesson 1

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Flight/Simulator

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AIR SAFETY INSTITUTE©2017 • 421 Aviation Way, Frederick, MD 21701 • 800.638.3101 • airsafetyinstitute.org 5

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In Flight o Straight and level

o Constant airspeed climbs and descents

o Maneuvering during slow flight (optional: stalls)

o Unusual attitude recovery during a turn

o Standard-rate turns

o 180-degree turn out of simulated or actual IMC with emphasis on maintaining altitude

Completion StandardsCompletion of all lesson objectives and flight maneuvers, the ability to recognize the onset of unusual attitudes and perform safe recoveries, maintaining at least private pilot test standards where appropriate.

Lesson 1Flight/Simulator

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AIR SAFETY INSTITUTE©2017 • 421 Aviation Way, Frederick, MD 21701 • 800.638.3101 • airsafetyinstitute.org 6

Lesson 2

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Decision making, instrument flying, using the autopilot, and IMC exit strategies.

Lesson Objectives• View Mistakes We Make safety video (bit.ly/weathermistakes)

• Complete the Air Safety Institute’s Do the Right Thing: Decision Making for Pilots online course (airsafetyinstitute.org/dtrt)

• Learn how aeronautical decision making and personal minimums can be used to avoid and safely escape an inadvertent encounter into IMC

• View the Ask ATC videos, specifically Weather Deviating, Precipitation Intensity, Flight Following, When to Ask for Flight Following, and VFR on Top (airsafetyinstitute.org/askatc)

• Understand the risks associated with your next flight by using the ASI Flight Risk Evaluator during your preflight planning and discussing the results with your instructor (airsafetyinsti-tute.org/flightrisk)

• Proficient use of GPS (or PFD/MFD) to help find nearest airport or VMC

• Knowledge of aircraft information manual/POH supplement for instructions on how to use the autopilot. Sample steps:

> Turn autopilot ON > Set heading (HDG) bug to current heading > Select HDG mode > Select attitude (ALT) mode or maintain altitude > Rotate heading bug to turn aircraft toward nearest VMC

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Ground

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AIR SAFETY INSTITUTE©2017 • 421 Aviation Way, Frederick, MD 21701 • 800.638.3101 • airsafetyinstitute.org 7

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Discussion o How to develop personal minimums

o Developing a “Plan B” on the ground or in flight

o Ensuring enough fuel to land with at least one hour of fuel reserves upon landing

o Declaring an emergency to ATC and dispelling myths about paperwork (bit.ly/sayitright-paperwork)

o Performing a 180-degree turn out of IMC

o Use of autopilot after encountering IMC

o ATC radar services and limitations

o GPS (or PFD/MFD) basics to help navigate to nearest airport or VMC

o Instrument approach basics (e.g., inbound course, frequencies, minimum altitudes)

o The importance of listening on frequency

o Landing off-airport if there’s no other alternative

o Taking a tour of the nearest ATC facility

Completion StandardsCompletion of all lesson objectives, the ability to explain all discussion points, development of personal minimums, know-ing how to safely escape IMC (including use of the autopilot and GPS, if equipped), and understanding ATC radar services and limitations.

Lesson 2Ground

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AIR SAFETY INSTITUTE©2017 • 421 Aviation Way, Frederick, MD 21701 • 800.638.3101 • airsafetyinstitute.org 8

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Flight into simulated or actual IMC and use of ATC services.

Lesson Objectives• Review 180-degree turns in simulated or actual conditions with

and without the autopilot

• Declare an emergency to ATC and solicit their aid in escaping IMC, divert to nearest visual conditions, and land safely at an airport (or, if necessary, make a safe landing off-airport)

• Use of GPS, PFD, or MFD to find nearest airport or VMC

Using ScenariosInstructors may want to use the following common VFR into IMC scenarios during this lesson:• Marginal VFR encounter as visibility and ground reference

slowly deteriorate

• Partly cloudy skies slowly turn into lowered ceilings with over-cast conditions as terrain below rises

• Heavy precipitation reduces visibility to zero

• A routine VFR night flight is met with unexpected cloud condi-tions invisible to the naked eye

• Flight over large unlit areas such as lakes, oceans, forests, or unpopulated areas

—Continued on Next Page—

Lesson 2Flight Simulator

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In Flight o Reviewing 180-degree turn out of simulated or actual IMC

o Declaring an emergency to ATC (simulated with instructor acting as ATC)

o Receiving radar vectors to nearest VFR conditions and/or airport (simulated or actual)

o Using GPS, PFD, or MFD to find nearest airport or VMC

o Diverting to an alternate airport

o Intercepting and tracking courses

o Optional: Receiving ATC vectors to fly an instrument approach without IFR charts (simulated or actual)

Completion StandardsCompletion of all lesson objectives and flight maneuvers while demonstrating proficiency in safely performing 180-degree turns with and without the autopilot, clear communications with ATC (actual or simulated) when declaring an emergency, compliance with ATC radar vectors, and landing safely at an airport.

Lesson 2Flight Simulator

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AIR SAFETY INSTITUTE©2017 • 421 Aviation Way, Frederick, MD 21701 • 800.638.3101 • airsafetyinstitute.org 10

AVIATECONTROL THE AIRCRAFT by maintaining trim for level flight, power setting, and airplane configuration.

ENGAGE AUTOPILOT if one is available. Use the Altitude Hold (ALT) and Heading Hold (HDG) modes.

NAVIGATEEXIT IMC by performing a 180-degree, standard-rate turn until visual references are regained.

COMMUNICATETALK to ATC immediately and declare an emergency. State that you have entered IMC. If you haven’t already made a 180-degree turn, consider asking for vectors to the nearest visual conditions. Although ATC can only see precipitation on their scopes, they can quickly scan weather conditions for nearby airports.

CHECKOBSERVE the situation. Check to see if conditions are get-ting better or worse. Is there VMC close by? Do you need more help from ATC? Will you have enough fuel remaining after escaping IMC? Will you need to make an off-airport landing?

COMPOSERELAX Don’t succumb to spatial disorientation or hyper-ventilation. Keep cool and scan your instruments. Make minor adjustments and ensure you are not departing controlled flight.

IMC Escape Procedures

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