Hosta Species Update●The Hosta Library●ORG20060823●©W. George Schmid 2010 Original Edition 20060823 ● 1st Revision 20080918 ● 2nd Revision 20100605

H. tibae F. Maekawa 1984 J. Japanese Botany, Vol. 59, 5:154–157, ic. Fig. 1, p. 155 1984.

ナガサキギボウシ= 長崎擬宝珠 = Nagasaki Gibōshi

History and Nomenclature: In Japan this species is called Nagasaki Gibōshi, the “Nagasaki hosta.” Nagasaki-shi (長崎市 = “long peninsula,” is the largest city in the prefecture of Nagasaki-ken; 長崎県). It is located on the west coast of Kyūshū (九州), the southernmost of the four main islands of Japan. Historically, it is the city that first welcomed Europeans. Among these was a German eye doctor Philipp F.B. von Siebold, who came to Nagasaki in 1823. Aside from his medical practice, he immediately began to collect Japanese plants. Among these was the taxon described here as H. tibae. Von Siebold mounted two herbarium specimens (see pages 4 and 5) of Nagasaki Gibōshi (= H. tibae) now kept in Uppsala, Sweden, (in L Nos. 8147/36 and 8147/37), both marked syntypes of Funkia ovata var. ramosa Miquel (ramosus = bearing branches, multi-branched). In 1953, N. Hylander incorrectly classified this taxon to be a variety of Hosta ‘Lancifolia’ and affixed his corresponding determinavit to these specimens under his signature (see pages 4 and 5). Whatever the clas-sification, H. tibae is one of the first Japanese species hostas seen and documented by European scientists. Today, this species still grows in the environs of Nagasaki and is cultivated in gardens the world over. It is sad to say that in Japan the population pressure around Nagasaki has placed H. tibae on the “endangered” category.

HONSHŪ (本州) →

← SHIKOKU (四国)

KYŪSHŪ (九州) →

● H. tibae in Nagasaki ↑ © Del. W.G. Schmid 1991

H. tibae Habitat Map in Nagasaki-ken (長崎県) on Kyūshū (九州)

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Habitat and Biology: Long after von Siebold’s H. tibae specimens had been practically forgotten in Europe, Nagasaki Gibōshi was rediscovered by Tsunesaburō Chiba (千葉 常三郎; transliterated = Chiba; latinized = Tiba) on Mount Inasayama ( 稲佐山[333 m/1000 ft.]). This mountain is located across Nagasaki Harbor from the city proper east of the suburb Inasa-machi (稲佐町). In 1827, von Siebold collected this hosta on that very same mountain which can be seen from the historical site of his house in Katafuchi-machi (片淵町), Nagasaki. Although imported by and known to von Siebold and identified (on herbarium sheets) by Miquel in 1869 as a distinct

botanical variremained unreH. tibae (as HU.S.A., where In 1984, this diagnosis albeierror correctedtibae. A broaddiscovered spearea around Nas well as in foother plants, bcover large, wo

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A cCourt

H. tibae (in situ in Nagasaki-ken, Nagasaki-shi - 長崎市) ontinuous population covering a stretch of moist forest floor

ety (i.e. Funkia ovata var. ramosa [= “branched”]), this species cognized by Western botanists. In Japan, K. Kaneko (1966) included . chibai) in a cytological study of Hosta and later sent a voucher to the A.J. Summers included it as No. 488 in his 1972 Acquisition List. hosta was validly published by Maekawa with the required Latin t under the name H. Tibai. Maekawa’s spelling is an orthographic by Schmid (1991) in accordance with the rules of the ICBN to H.

relationship exists between H. tibae, H. tsushimensis, and the recently cies H. jonesii, which see. H. tibae occurs in a rather small mountainous agasaki city in Nagasaki-ken (長崎県) and can be found in rocky areas rests. Many species populations struggle to survive in competition with ut H. tibae still grows abundantly in protected areas so as to completely oded areas as seen in the photographs.

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H. tibae (iClos

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H. tibae (in situ in Nagasaki-ken, Nagasaki-shi - 長崎市) Closeup of the continuous population shown on page 2

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t.: © 2005.09.10 長崎県自然環境課 (Dept. Nat. Env. Nagasaki)

n situ - Nagasaki-shi - 長崎市) eup of branched scape 005.09.10 長崎県自然環境課

(KHosta

H. tibae (cultivated) aneko Voucher - 1989) Hill R.G. ©W.G. Schmid

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Show

H. tibae Syntype (in L No. 37 Rijksherbarium Leiden)

nkia ovata var. ramosa (this taxon is H. tibae).

s branching of the raceme. Nom. Fuvon Siebold

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H. tibae Syntype (in L No. 36 Rijksherbarium Leiden) Nom. Funkia ovata var. ramosa von Siebold (this taxon is H. tibae).

Original Japanese label = 長崎擬宝珠 = Nagasaki Gibōshi

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H. tibae Holotype (in TI [incorrect as H. Tibai]) sity of Tokyo Herbarium (標本大学博物館 東京大学)

Determinavit: F. Maekawa

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Plant Morphology: Plant size 45–55 cm dia. by 30 cm high (18–22 by 12 in.). Petiole 17.5–25 cm by 0.5 cm wide (7–10 by 0.20 in. wide), erect, green, purple-spotted at the base. Leaf 17.5–22.5 cm by 10–12.5 cm wide (7–9 by 4–5 in.), erect and in line with petiole, ovate to ovate-cordate, petiole transition broadly narrowed, tapering, tip

acuminate, slightly undulate, wavy in the margin, erect, rigid, smooth, shiny light green above, glossy lighter green, glabrous below. Venation 6–8, sunken above, very projected, smooth, below. Scape 50–60 cm long (20–24 in.), straight, erect, perpendicular to the ground, 3–6 branches per main scape with 5–12 flowers per branch, purple-dotted lower third. Fertile bracts short, navicular, grooved, thin, membranous, green, withering at anthesis, but not falling away. Raceme several side branches, each with a raceme, central one long, lateral ones short, average to 80 flowers per scape, 25–30 on main

raceme, the remainder on lateral racemes. Flowers 5 cm long and 3.5 cm broad (2 by 1.25 in.), purple-violet, perianth expanding, funnel-shaped, in the central part slightly dilated bell-shaped, Type C ▲ lobes (tepals) spreading, short pedicels, projecting stamen. Anthers yellow. September. Fertile.

Karyotype-Chromosomes: Sporophytic Count = 60 (2n); classified into 30 pairs, which were divided into 4 pairs of large chromosomes, 2 pairs of medium with satellites, and 24 pairs of small ones (K. Kaneko; 1966). Pollen: Pollen: Pollen shape was not included by M.G. Chung and S.B. Jones in 1989. All of the other member of section Tardanthae have Subtype RG (IIA) (rugulate granulate) with shape OS (oblate-spheroidal); (Pollen shape after Erdtman, 1966). Thus, the assumption is that H. tibae has a similar pollen type and shape, but final determination awaits future analysis.

Genome Size: DNA content (2C) in pg (one (10-12) gram) = 17.6 ± 0.03. (Zonneveld, B.J.M. and F. Van Iren (2001). (with other data included, this value indicates close relationship with H. jonesii and H. tsushmensis, the latter having a pg of 17.5 ± 0.09 and 17.3 ± 0.12 respectively).

DNA Banding: Recent RAPD analysis (Y. Yu, 2002; Sauve, R.J., S. Zhou, Y. Yu, and W.G. Schmid. 2005). In additions to other taxa, the banding patterns of 4 related species accessions (See Fig. B; page 8) were compared in the 2002/2005 study. The 4 species shown in the banding pattern were compared using a single primer OPB-01 (5'-GTTTCGCTCC-3'), generated three bands as shown in Fig. B. The polymorphic band (850bp) common to (36) H. tardiva, (39) H. takahashii, (40) H. tibae allowed for the separation of (41) H. tsushimensis from the group. The second band (937bp), which was common to (36) H. tardiva and (40) H. tibae allowed for their separation from (39) H. takahashii. The third band (636bp) allowed for the separation of (40) H. tibae from (36) H. tardiva.

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36 39 40 41 Banding Pattern (Fig. B) 36 = H. tardiva 39 = H. takahashii 40 = H. tibae 41 = H. tsushimensis Taxonomic Type and Synonymy: H. tibae Maekawa (as H. tibai) J. Japanese Botany, Vol. 59, 5:154–157, ic. Fig. 1, p. 155 1984. Type: Holotypus in TI, September 1943, s. n.; coll. H. Hara, Mount Inasayama ( 稲佐

山), Nagasaki-shi (長崎市) Nagasaki Prefecture (Nagasaki-ken; 長崎県) in L, Nos. 8147/36 and 8147/37; coll. Siebold, 1827 (topotypes to show original collections, org. isotypes in L). Hab. in open mountain valleys and clearings, Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan.

Botanical Synonyms: Funkia ovata var. ramosa Miquel: On herbarium sheets in L, Nos. 8147/36 and

8147/37 1867. H. tibai Maekawa ex Toyama (n. nudum): Flora Nagasaki, p. 5 1940 and in a revised

edition of Flora Nagasaki, pp. 46 and 264 1980; Maekawa (nomen nudum, with Japanese diagnosis): In Ishii, Engei-daijiten (Big Dictionary of Garden Craft), Tokyo, 2:633–638; Okuyama (nomen nudum): Col. Ill. Wild Plant. Japan. 7:118, tab. 587, 4 1963; N. Fujita, The Genus Hosta (Liliaceae) in Japan. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica, Vol. 27, (3–4) pp. 92 (1976) (nomen nudum); H. Hara in Journal of Japanese Botany 59: 154, f. 1 (1984) as “Tibai;”

H. tibae W.G. Schmid, The genus Hosta: Gibōshi Zoku (ギボウシ属): 109 & 325, f. 2-25, 3-74, t. 72 & 204 (1991) as tibae (corr. per ICBN rules).

H. chibai Kaneko (nomen nudum): Botanical Magazine, Tokyo, 79:133 1966; and J. Japanese Botany, Vol. 43, 7:10 1968.

H. tsushimensis var. tibae N. Fujita et M.N. Tamura (stat. novum: var. novum): Two new varieties and one change of status in Hosta (Asparagaceae). Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica, Vol. 59(1): 31-36(2008). The stat. nov. of H. tibae proposed by the authors is not accepted here.

Japanese Synonyms: H. tibae = ナガサキギボウシ = 長崎擬宝珠 = Nagasaki Giboshi As nomina nud.: H. tibai and H. chibai

Horticultural Names: Nagasaki Hosta

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H. tibae (cultivated Kaneko voucher in the garden) Hosta Hill R.G. © W.G. Schmid 1989.05.28

H. tibae (cultivated Kaneko voucher in the garden) Emerging racemes show first signs of branching

Hosta Hill R.G. © W.G. Schmid 1989.08.17

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▲▲H. tibae (cult. ex Kaneko)►►Flower racemes showing initial

branching Hosta Hill R.G. © W.G. Schmid

1986.08.30

H. tibae (cultivated Kane Racemes showing deveHosta Hill R.G. © W.G

ko voucher in the garden)loping branch initials . Schmid 1986.08.29

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H. tibae in Cultivation: This species with branched ra-cemes was the first of with this feature to be described in botany. It was collected by von Siebold, and recognized by Miquel as a botanical variety, i.e. Funkia ovata var. ramose. Forgotten in Europe as a “kin” of H. ‘Lancifolia’ (Hy-lander; 1954) it was forgotten in Europe. It was introduced in the late 1960s into U.S.A. cultivation by Kaneko (1968), albeit under the name H. chibai, which was later corrected. With its branched racemes, carrying a large number of lavender flowers it garnered attention. As many as 120 flowers

bloomgreenthis a

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Ho

Pho

. tibae (cultivated Kaneko voucher) Unfolding leaves

sta Hill R.G. ©W.G. Schmid 1988.05.12

s in September an leaves have a hardbundantly flowering

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H. ‘Iceberg’ (T. Avent 2000) to © T. Avent; Plant Delights Nursery

have been counted on one scape and its multiple branches. It

d provides a profuse late show of color. Species with plain time competing against colorful, variegated cultivars, but species should in every garde

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n.

HorticultuAccording t(mutations) been register CultivH. ‘CarolinaH. ‘Iceberg’

Reference Chung, M.G

and rChung, M.G

in KoMorphand JHosta

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H. tibae Maekawa (Nagasaki Giboshi = ナメルギボウシ) (cultivated Kaneko voucher) typical leaf mound

Hosta Hill R.G. © W.G. Schmid 1986.06.01

ral Progeny: o the International Registrar for Hosta, Kevin P. Walek, no sports or hybrids, which involve this taxon as a pod (♀ H. tibae) parent have ed nor are any reflected in other records. ars with H. tibae ♂ as a pollen parent:

Sunshine’ = ♀ H. ‘Swoosh’ × ♂ H. tibae by T. Avent 1999 = ♀ H. ‘Swoosh’ × ♂ H. tibae by T. Avent 2000 (page 11).

s:

. and Jones, S.B. 1989. Pollen morphology of Hosta Tratt. (Funkiaceae) elated genera. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 116, 1:31–44. . 1990. A Biosystematic Study on the genus Hosta (Liliaceae/Funkiaceae) rea and Tsushima Island of Japan. U, of Georgia, Athens; including: ometric and isoenzyme analysis of the genus Hosta Tratt. (with S.B. Jones

L. Hamrick) and Isoenzyme variation within and among populations of in Korea.

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Chung, M.G., J.L. Hamrick, S.B. Jones, Jr., G.S. Derda. 1991. Isozyme Variation Within and Among Populations of Hosta (Liliaceae) in Korea. Systematic Botany, Vol. 16, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 1991), pp. 667-684

Chung, M.G. 1996. Spatial genetic structure among Korean populations of Hosta minor and H. capitata. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 37: 25-30.

Erdtman, G. 1966. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Angiosp. Hafner: N. Y. Fujita, N. 1976. The genus Hosta (Liliaceae) in Japan. Acta Phytotaxonomica et

Geobotanica, Vol. 27, (3–4) pp. 66–96 International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants = ICNCP, by the

Horticultural Taxonomy Group, ISHS Commission for Nomenclature and Registration. 2004 edition.

Kaneko, K. 1966. (H. chibai n. nudum): Botanical Magazine, Tokyo, 79:133 1966; and J. Japanese Botany, Vol. 43, 7:10 1968.

Kaneko, K. 1968. Hosta chibai with F. Maekawa. J. Japanese Botany, Vol. 43, 7:202. Maekawa, F. 1937. Divisiones et plantae novae generis Hostae (1). J. Japanese Botany,

13, No. 12:893–905. Maekawa, F. 1940. The genus Hosta. J. of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University

Tokyo, Section 3 Botany, Vol. 5:317–425. Maekawa, F. 1963. (n. nudum, with Japanese diagnosis): In Ishii, Engei-daijiten (Big

Dictionary of Garden Craft), Tokyo, 2:633–638; and Okuyama (n. nudum): Col. Ill. Wild Plant. Japan. 7:118, tab. 587, 4 1963.

Maekawa, F. 1980. (ex Toyama, n. nudum): H. tibai Flora Nagasaki, p. 5 1940 and in a revised edition of Flora Nagasaki, pp. 46 and 264 1980.

Maekawa, F., 1984. Two New Species of Hosta from Japan. J. Japanese Botany, 59, 5:154–157.

Maekawa, F. and K. Kaneko. 1966. Evolution of Karyotype in Hosta. J. Japanese Botany, 43, 5:132–140.

Miquel, F.A.W., 1867. Prolusio Florae Iaponicae, 5. Annales Musei Botanici Lugdano-Batavi, p. 152.

Sauve, R.J., S. Zhou, Y. Yu, and W.G. Schmid. 2005. Random amplified poly-morphic DNA (RAPD) analysis in the genus Hosta. HortScience 40(4).

Schmid, W.G. 1988. Hosta taxonomy: a revised overview. Bull. Brit. Hosta Hemerocallis Soc. 1988 (2): 25-36.

Schmid, W.G. 1991. The genus Hosta: Giboshi Zoku. London and Portland: Timber Press.

Schmid, W.G. 2004. Hosta species and DNA fingerprinting. Bull. Brit. Hosta Hemerocallis Soc. 2004: 50, 59-66.

Schmid, W.G. 2005. Species and such: Hosta DNA fingerprinting. The Hosta Journal, Vol. 36 2005 (3): 69-74.

Summers, A.J., 1972. Numbered Acquisition List, Hortus Summers, A. J. 1964 through 1972 (Unpublished; contributed to this author by A. J. Summers).

Yu, Y. 2002. Classification of hosta species and cultivars based on RAPD analysis. TSU Graduate School (with W.G. Schmid); published in summary in Sauve, R.J., S. Zhou, Y. Yu, and W.G. Schmid. 2005 (which see).

Zilis, M.R. 2009. The Hostapedia. Rochelle: Q & Z Nursery, Inc.

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Zilis, M.R. 2000. The Hosta Handbook. Rochelle: Q & Z Nursery, Inc.

Zonneveld, B.J.M. and F.Van Iren. 2001. Genome size and pollen viability as a taxonomic criteria: Application to the genus Hosta. Plant Biology, 3, pp. 176-185. G. Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart

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H. tibae (in situ in Nagasaki-ken, Nagasaki-shi - 長崎市) Non-branching phenotypes

rge Schmid 2010: The text and illustrations are copy-nd are available for personal reference only. Other rs retain their copyright of featured photographs as aptions. The content may not be published in printed ut the author’s written permission.

W. George Schmid: HostaLibrary.org/species/ Web quote reference:

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t.: © 2005.09.10 長崎県自然環境課 (Dept. Nat. Env. Nagasaki)