Speaker:埔里榮民醫院小兒科陳欣屏醫師 Date: 小兒常見疾病和處 … · Check:...

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2011/4/1 1 小兒常見疾病和處理 Speaker:埔里榮民醫院小兒科 陳欣屏醫師 Date: 98/12/25 小兒常見疾病和處理 大綱 兒童發燒處理 細支氣管炎 兒科常用藥物 兒科急救用藥 腦膜炎 熱性痙攣 咽喉炎及扁桃腺炎 哮吼 急性腹痛 腸套疊 輪狀病毒 兒童創傷 咽喉炎及扁桃腺炎 腸病毒 氣喘 兒童創傷

Transcript of Speaker:埔里榮民醫院小兒科陳欣屏醫師 Date: 小兒常見疾病和處 … · Check:...

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    Speaker: Date:98/12/25

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    38 37.537.2

    Antiphen(1cc=24mg):BW/2cc/doseq6hprn

    Scolin(Ibuprofen):BW/2ccq6hprn~q8hprn

    Scanol:1#/40kg/doseq6hprn

    Voren50mg:1#/40kg/doseq6hprn

    MeitanF.C25mg:1#/20kg/doseq6hprn

    Voltaren():1#/12.5kgq6hprn~q8hprn

    Aspirin,Reyessyndrome

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    ,2628

    ,

    Secorine:1cc/kg/dayRhin: 1#/40kg

    MediconABecantexBecantexCoughmixture510cc/dose>8y/oBensau>12y/o(opiate

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    Unitussive:1cc1.5cc/kg/dayBisolvonS:1cc=2mg

    25y/o:2ccbid510y/o:2cctidqid>10y/o:48cctidqid

    Biso1#=8mgFlutafingranules: 1#tidDanzen1#2#tid

    AntihistamineCypro S:1cc/kg/daytidqidCTM:1#/40kg/dosetidAllermin:0.2mg/kg/doseIV/IMAllergaZyrtec S(cetirizine):BW/4QDS i FCHSSymitec FCHS

    Antihistamine+PseudoephedrineClarinase (Loratadine)bidRotec(Carbinoxaminemaleate )tid

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    BrochodilatorButanyl:1015kgamp/doseinhalation

    >15kgamp/dose>12y/o1amp/dose

    Atroven inhalation(MeptinS:BW/4bidMeptinS:BW/4bidMeptin1#/40kg/dosebid

    Smecta:2y/o:1pk,tid

    Koapectin:1cc/kg/daytidqidImodium:1#/40kg/dosebidImodium:1#/40kg/dosebid

    (infectiousdiarrhea)Questran:1pk/40kg/dose

    (

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    Primperan:1#/40kg/dosetidac0.10.2mg/kg/doseIVorIM

    Motilium:1#/40kg/dosetidac

    OtherBioferminBioferminLederscon:1#/40kg/doseGascon:1#/40kg/doseDuspatalin:1#/40kg/dose

    AntibioticsCephalexin 2550mg/kg/dayAmoxicillin:4050mg/kg/day,q8hq6hhighdose:8090mg/kg/day(supercillin 1cc=25mg)

    Augmetin S:1cc=80mgamoxicillinBW/ bid hi hd BW/ bidBW/4bid,highdose:BW/2bid

    prostaphillin:50100mg/kg/dayErythromycin:3050mg/kg/dayAzithromycin:10mg/kg/dayQDfor35days

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    2y/o:4+age/4;12+age/22y/o:;x3

    age

    2.53.0

    06m/o 3.54,0

    Sedation:Dormicum0.1mg/k/dose

    7m/011m/o 4.0

    1y/o2y/o 4.04.5

    Epinephine:1amp10cc=1:100000.1cc/kg/dose

    CorrectMetabolicacidosisNaHCO3:0.3xBWxbasedefect(mEq)

    Salineinfusion:20cc/kgColloid:10cc/kg

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    ,,,3

    ,

    1

    (Escherichiacoli)(Listeriamonocytogens)B(groupBStreptococcus)

    36(H i fl ) (S (H.influenza)(S.pneumoniae)(N.meningitidis)

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    Age3monthold:vancomycin +Cefotaxime orRocephin

    1014

    Dexamethasone:0.15mg/kg/dose

    5011

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    Cause:,

    Age:661418

    CharactersCharactersGeneralizedtonicclonicseizureAfewsecondsto10minsdurationFollowedbyabriefpostictalperiodofdrowsiness

    Febrile seizure Typical(Simple) Atypical(complex)

    A 6 6 / A Age 6m6y/0 Anyage

    Seizure pattern Generalized Focal

    fever + +

    Seizureduration 15mins

    Familyhistory +

    frequency 14/yr vary

    NE normal abnormalNE normal abnormal

    EEG normal abnormal

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    100%o2andmainten airwayPulseosimeterCheck:CBC,E(Na,Mg,Ca,),glucoase ,Urea,kidneyandliverfunction,ABGDrug:

    Valium:0.050.3mg/kg/doseq510minsg g qDormicum:0.1mg/kg/doseDilantin:loading20mg/kg 39mg/kg/daybid~tid

    ,2wks

    Adenovirus

    EB iEBvirus

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    Virus7090%

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    Bacteria Virus

    Lackofcough,conjunctivitis,rhinorrhea,hoarseness

    Age515yearold

    Sorethroat

    Cough,rhinorrhea,conjunctivitis,hoarseness

    Diarrhea

    Oropharyngealulceration

    Fever>38C

    GroupAstreptococcusthroatculture/antigendetectiontestAntibioticsfor10days

    PenicillinV 250mgbidtid (drugofchoice)

    Amoxicillin 4050mg/kg/daytidqid

    Erythromycin 3050mg/kg/daytidqid (ifallergytopenicillin)

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    ParacetamolforsorethroatAvoidAspirinduetotheriskofReyessyndrome

    Indicationoftonsillectomy6 i d f illi i i >6episodesoftonsillitisinoneyear

    SymptominterferepatientsdailyfunctionSorethroatduetoinflammationoftonsils

    210355080

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    herpangina

    herpessimplextypeI

    i i i i Gingivostomatitis

    Lesion

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    lesion

    Photofrom

    ()

    ,,.

    from

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    ()

    140.

    SedationpropranololOnEKGmonitor,Bpmonitor

    from

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    >160

    from

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    (+/)

    ,.

    ,,

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    asthma

    asthmaHydrocortisone:5mg/kg/doseq6hq8h

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    AsthmaHomemanagement

    inhaledBetaagonistButanyl 1ampBuventol easyhalerCombivent meteredaerosol

    Oralsystemicsteroid:prednisolon 1mg/k/dayx35days

    Oralbetaagonist:b dmeptin(BW/4bid),

    ConsiderICSFlixotide,seretid

    viralinfectionofthesmallairways(bronchioles)

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    Tachypnea

    Tachycardia

    Diffuseexpiratorywheezing

    Nasalflaring

    Intercostalretractions

    Cyanosis

    Inspiratorycrackles

    Apnea,especiallyininfantsyoungerthan6weeks

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    O2supporttokeepSaO29294%HypertonicsalineinhalationEpinephine:moreeffectivethanSalbutamolstandingChestcare

    BronchodilatorandsteroidhavenoevidentofbenefitAntihistamineandnasalconstrictionarenotrecommended.

    :barkingcough,hoarseness,stridor

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    steeplesign

    steeple sign

    administrationofO2administeringainhaledsalinesolutionadministeringnebulizedracemicepinephrineadministeringcorticosteroid(dexamethasone):0.6mg/kg/dosex1IM/po

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