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Forum Scientiae Oeconomia • Volume 5 (2017) • Special Issue No. 1

SPATIAL RANGE OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE PHILHARMONIC INSTITUTIONS IN KATOWICEZdZisława dacko-PikiewicZ, łukasZ wróblewski

ABSTRACTThe paper presents the results of research into the spatial range of the influence of philharmonic institutions in Kato-wice, i.e. the Henryk Mikołaj Górecki Silesian Philharmonic and the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra in Ka-towice. In addition, the means of transport which the partici-pants of the symphonic concerts use to reach the institu-tions surveyed are recognized. When collecting data, the method of collecting customer postal codes was used. In the course of the research conducted in March and April 2017, information on the means of transport and places of residence of 515 participants in concerts in Katowice’s phil-harmonic institutions was collected.

KEY WORDSPhilharmonic, spatial influence, means of transport, Kato-wice.

DOI: 10.23762/FSO_vol5sp1_17_2

ZdZisława dacko-PikiewicZe-mail: [email protected]

łukasZ wróblewski1

e-mail: [email protected]

university of dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland

1 corresponding author.

introduction

Paper received: 27 April 2017 • Paper revised: 25 July 2017 • Paper accepted: 5 August 2017

Participation in a specific artistic event organized by an institution of culture, such as a Philharmonic, opera or theatre, means that the purchaser of a cultural offer needs to overcome the physical, temporal and economic resistance of space. However, this choice does not result only from the physical availability of the institution but also on its offer and prestige (Szafrańska, Napierała 2007). It may be assumed that the range of the influence of such institu-tions as the Philharmonic is a specific re-flection of their image. In addition, it may be an important determinant of city rank or its metropolitan level. The importance of an urban centre is often assessed in terms of the scale and directions of population mobility. This is analyzed, however, main-ly with regard to commuting to work (e.g.

Danielewicz, Turała 2011; Rosik et al. 2010; Runge 2012; Śleszyński 2012; Wiśniewski 2012; Bartosiewicz 2012; Śleszyński 2013; Bogdański 2014; Wróblewski 2017). Re-search into the range of the influence of cities in terms of visits to cultural institu-tions is much less frequent. In this context, research into the spatial range of the influ-ence of Katowice’s institutions of culture such as the Henryk Mikołaj Górecki Sile-sian Philharmonic (SP) or the Polish Na-tional Radio Symphony Orchestra in Kato-wice (NOSPR) seems very important and necessary. Knowing this range may help to stimulate the influx of visitors not only to concert halls but also to other institutions of culture in Katowice (e.g. the Stanisław Wyspiański Silesian Theatre or the Silesian Museum). The greater number of visitors


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to the city of Katowice (particularly those outside the Province of Silesia), in addition to benefits for broadly understood social development, can bring numerous posi-tive effects to the economy of the city and the entire region. Philharmonic institutions are conducive to interpersonal interactions, prevent social exclusion, stimulate creativ-ity and foster the development of passion, thus strengthening the resources of social capital. The multi-faceted strengthening of these institutions should therefore be seen as one of the key actions to promote the city and improve its image, both in the eyes of tourists and the residents themselves.

This paper is of a research nature – it presents the results of direct research con-ducted within Creative Momentum, the Shared Cities project:. The research was funded by the European Union micro-grant for the study of culture in Katowice (Medi-alab Micro-grant).

1. basic research assump-tions

The range of the influence of urban centres, perceived through the prism of various spatial relationships, is one of the major research problems of contemporary socio-economic geography. Studies on this subject often take into consideration an analysis of the strength and scope of infrastructure links and concern, in particu-lar, transport infrastructure. Such links are considered as an important criterion for determining the functional areas of cities (Smętkowski 2005; Krzysztofik et al. 2011; Bartosiewicz, Pielesiak 2012). Therefore, the main aim of research conducted was to determine the range of the spatial influ-ence of the philharmonic institutions locat-ed in Katowice, and the means of transport used by participants in artistic events to reach the concert in Katowice. The follow-ing issues were addressed in detail:

A. The spatial structure of trans-port connections to Katowice philharmonic institutions:

– the spatial distribution of transregional transport connections to Katowice’s philharmonic institutions by province,

– the spatial distribution of transport connections to Katowice’s philhar-monic institutions from the Province of Silesia by county,

– the spatial distribution of transport connections to Katowice’s philhar-monic institutions from the municipali-ties of counties surrounding Katowice in the context of territorial cohesion of the Katowice Metropolitan Area,

– the spatial distribution of transport connections to Katowice’s philhar-monic institutions from Katowice by districts.

b. The correlation between the place of residence of participants in artistic events and the means of transport to the philharmonic institution:

– means of transport used by the inhab-itants of Katowice to reach cultural events organized by the philharmonic institutions in Katowice,

– means of transport used by the in-habitants of the Province of Silesia to reach cultural events organized by the philharmonic institutions in Katowice,

– means of transport used by people residing outside the Province of Si-lesia to reach cultural events organ-ized by the philharmonic institutions in Katowice.

Due to the relatively high costs, as well as the long duration of full study (in order to be able to obtain full information about the spatial influence of these philharmonic institutions, the study should be conducted during the whole artistic season among all

Spatial range of the influence of the philharmonic....

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participants in the concerts), the method of incomplete numerical induction was used. This is an inductive inference, the premises of which do not exhaust the whole world of objects to which general law expressed in the conclusion of reasoning refers to. The premises are detailed sentences here, and the conclusion is a general sentence, and each premise results logically from the conclusion. This is a method in which a general rule is derived from a limited number of details (Lisiński 2017).

The respondents included the purchasers of cultural services provided by two philhar-monic institutions in Katowice: the Polish Na-tional Radio Symphony Orchestra (NOSPR) in Katowice and Henryk Mikołaj Górecki Silesian Philharmonic in Katowice (SP). Quantitative research was conducted on the day of artistic events organized by the NOSPR and the FS immediately prior to their commencement. Information on the artistic events during which research was conducted is presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Basic information on the artistic events during which research was conducted

Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra in Katowice (NOSPR)

Henryk Mikołaj Górecki Silesian Philharmonic in Katowice (SP)

Date 25.03.2017 (Saturday) 07.04.2017 (Friday) Concert hour 19:30 19:00Place of the con-cert NOSPR main concert hall Karol Stryja main concert hall

Performer Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra in Katowice

Henryk Mikołaj Górecki Silesian Philharmonic in Katowice

Conductor Alexander Humala (Belarus) Mykola Diadiura (Ukraine)

SoloistsGenevieve Strosser – violaDaniel Costello – French hornHannah Weisbach – oboe / English horn

Tomasz Daroch – cello

Programme

7th festival of the first performances

Jacek Domagała – NormandyHanna Kulenty-Majoor – Viola Concerto No. 1 PRASQUAL – Mashrabiyya. Poem of the wan-dering world on oboe /English horn, French horn and 93 musicians in 6 groups in space

Master interpretations

Edward Elgar – Cello Concerto in E minor op. 85Antonin Dvorak – IX Symphony in E minor op. 95 From the New World

Period in music Contemporary music Romanticism, neo-romanticism

Source: Own elaboration.

For research purposes, the mini-inter-view method was selected, and a research tool was an interview guidelines and a registration sheet. The application of this method gives a much better chance of the respondent’s willingness to provide infor-mation (compared to the survey method), especially nowadays, when similar ques-tions (postal code collection) are widely used in large shopping centres.

Research was non-exhaustive – the sample size was 525 people. 10 people were excluded from the sample because they gave the wrong postal code (the post-al code given by seven people was not rec-ognized in the postal code system of the Polish Post), and in addition, three people arrived at the NOSPR concert from out-side Poland (two from Germany, one from Switzerland). As a result of the verification, a sample of 515 people was adopted.


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Concert participants were asked to pro-vide the postcode of their place of resi-dence and additionally the means of trans-port they used to come to the concert. The researchers (a team consisting of Łukasz Wróblewski, Kinga Zacher, Dominika Sier-giej, Justyna Malin, and Patryk Porębski) entered the information collected manually into the registration sheet. The postal code,

the means of transport and the gender of the respondent were entered in the ap-propriate space. Research was conducted with the consent of the management of both philharmonic institutions (NOSPR and SP) in the place designated by the in-stitution staff (a NOSPR hall and a SP hall and foyer). The most important information on research is shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Basic research assumptions

Detailed list ResearchResearch method Mini interviewResearch tool Interview guidelines, registration sheet

Sample selection Intentional (participants in the concerts of the NOSPR and the Silesian Philhar-monic in Katowice)

Sample size515 peopleNOSPR – 285 Silesian Philharmonic – 230

Spatial scope of research Katowice (NOSPR) Katowice (Silesian Philharmonic)Date of research 25.03.2017 (Saturday) 07.04.2017 (Friday)Place of research Hall Hall, foyer Time of research 18:30-19:30 18:00-19:00


The application of this method allowed for collecting detailed information about the territorial origin of the participants and how they reached the institution. An electronic database of postal codes of the Polish Post (kody.poczta-polska.pl) was used to compile the collected mate-rial. The postcode database allowed for obtaining a data set covering every postal area, municipality, county and province of the place of residence of the participant. The information obtained can be used, like

geomarketing activities in commercial sec-tors, to develop the marketing communica-tion strategy of philharmonic institutions and build their brand. It may also be use-ful for the local government of Katowice to build the image of the city, determine the city’s status or its metropolitan level.


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2. description of a research sample

The sample consisted of 277 women (53.79%) and 238 men (46.21%) (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Gender of respondents


These were people living in the area of 13 provinces. The respondents resid-ing in the Province of Silesia represent-ed all 19 Silesian cities with the county rights: Bielsko-Biała, Bytom, Chorzów, Częstochowa, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Gliwice, Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Jaworzno, Katowice, Mysłowice, Piekary Śląskie, Ruda Śląska, Rybnik, Siemianowice Śląskie, Sosnow-iec, Świętochłowice, Tychy, Zabrze and Żory, as well as 15 out of 17 counties in the Province of Silesia: Będzin, Bielsko, Bieruń-Lędziny, Cieszyn, Częstochowa, Gliwice, Lubliniec, Mikołów, Pszczyna, Racibórz, Rybnik, Wodzisław, Zawiercie, and Żywiec. The sample did not include people liv-ing in the area of Kłobuck and Myszków counties.

3. spatial structure of transport connections to katowice’s philharmonic institutions

The largest group of respondents (453) was people living in the Province of Silesia

– 87.96% of all respondents. The remain-ing respondents (62) gave the postcode of their place of residence outside the Prov-ince of Silesia. Detailed information on the spatial range of the influence of Katowice’s philharmonic institutions, the place of resi-dence (province, county, and municipality) of participants in concerts in Katowice’s philharmonic institutions is presented in Tables 3, 4 and 5.


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Table 3. Spatial range of the influence of Katowice’s philharmonic institutions (N = 515)

No. Province In nos In % County In

nos In % Municipality In nos In %

1 Dolny Śląsk 2 0.39Kłodzko 1 0.19 Nowa Ruda 1 0.19Wrocław 1 0.19 Wrocław 1 0.19

2 Kujawy-Pomorze 1 0.18 Bydgoszcz 1 0.19 Bydgoszcz 1 0.19

3 Lubelskie 4 0.78

Lublin 2 0.39 Lublin 2 0.39

Świdnica 2 0.39Piaski 1 0.19

Miełgiew 1 0.19

4 Łódź 8 1.55Łask 2 0.39 Łask 2 0.39Łódź 5 0.97 Łódź 5 0.97Piotrków Trybunalski 1 0.19 Piotrków Trybunalski 1 0.19

5 Małopolska 18 3.50

Dąbrowa 3 0.58Dąbrowa Tarnowska 2 0.39Olesno 1 0.19

Kraków 10 1.94 Kraków 10 1.94

Oświęcim 3 0.58Oświęcim 2 0.39Chełmek 1 0.19

Proszowice 2 0.39 Proszowice 2 0.39

6 Mazovia 9 1.75

Radom 4 0.78 Radom 4 0.78Radom 1 0.19 Jedlińsk 1 0.19Warszawa 2 0.39 Warszawa 2 0.39Wołomyń 2 0.39 Tłuszcz 2 0.39

7 Opole 11 2.14

Głubczyce 2 0.39 Głubczyce 2 0.39Kędzierzyn-Koźle 2 0.39 Kędzierzyn-Koźle 2 0.39Nysa 1 0.19 Nysa 1 0.19Opole 3 0.58 Opole 3 0.58Opole 3 0.58 Łubniany 3 0.58

8 Podlasie 2 0.39Goniądz 1 0.19 Goniądz 1 0.19Sokółka 1 0.19 Kuźnica 1 0.19

9 Silesia 453 87.96

Będzin 22 4.27

Będzin 7 1.36Bobrowniki 4 0.78Czeladź 5 0.97Psary 1 0.19Siewierz 5 0.97

Bielsko-Biała 7 1.36Bestwina 1 0.19Jasienica 4 0.78Wilkowice 2 0.39

Bielsko-Biała 9 1.75 Bielsko-Biała 9 1.75Bieruń-Lędziny 1 0.19 Bieruń 1 0.19Bytom 15 2.91 Bytom 15 2.91Chorzów 20 3.88 Chorzów 20 3.88

Cieszyn 14 2.72Cieszyn 12 2.33Ustroń 1 0.19Zebrzydowice 1 0.19

Częstochowa 8 1.55 Częstochowa 8 1.55Częstochowa 1 0.19 Konopiska 1 0.19Dąbrowa Górnicza 12 2.33 Dąbrowa Górnicza 12 2.33Gliwice 25 4.85 Gliwice 25 4.85Gliwice 3 0.58 Gierałtowice 3 0.58


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10 Świętokrzyskie 3 0.58Kielce 2 0.39 Kielce 2 0.39Staszów 1 0.19 Szydłów 1 0.19

11 Warmia-Mazury 1 0.19 Nowy Tomyśl 1 0.19 Biskupiec 1 0.1912 Wielkopolska 1 0.19 Nowy Tomyśl 1 0.19 Opalenica 1 0.19

13 Western Pomerania 2 0.39

Goleniów 1 0.19 Goleniów 1 0.19Szczecin 1 0.19 Szczecin 1 0.19

Total 515 100 Total 515 100 Total 515 100


9 Silesia 453 87.96

Jastrzębie Zdrój 4 0.78 Jastrzębie Zdrój 4 0.78Jaworzno 1 0.19 Jaworzno 1 0.19Katowice 129 25.05 Katowice 129 25.05

Lubliniec 2 0.39Ciasna 1 0.19Kochanowice 1 0.19

Mikołów 13 2.52 Mikołów 13 2.52Mysłowice 7 1.36 Mysłowice 7 1.36Piekary Śląskie 10 1.94 Piekary Śląskie 10 1.94Pszczyna 3 0.58 Pawłowice 3 0.58Racibórz 6 1.17 Racibórz 6 1.17Ruda Śląska 13 2.52 Ruda Śląska 13 2.52

Rybnik 5 0.97Czerwionka-Leszczyny 1 0.19Lyski 2 0.39Świerklany 2 0.39

Rybnik 13 2.52 Rybnik 13 2.52Siemianowice Śląskie 8 1.55 Siemianowice Śląskie 8 1.55Sosnowiec 29 5.63 Sosnowiec 29 5.63Świętochłowice 8 1.55 Świętochłowice 8 1.55Tarnowskie Góry 1 0.19 Tarnowskie Góry 1 0.19Tychy 26 5.05 Tychy 26 5.05

Wodzisław 12 2.33Gorzyce 3 0.58Wodzisław Śląski 9 1.75

Zabrze 16 3.11 Zabrze 16 3.11

Zawiercie 5 0.97Poręba 2 0.39Zawiercie 3 0.58

Żory 1 0.19 Żory 1 0.19

Żywiec 4 0.78Gilowice 2 0.39Żywiec 2 0.39

Table 4 presents the place of residence of respondents who came to the concert

Table 4. Spatial range of the influence of the NOSPR (N=285)

No. Province In nos in % County In

nos in % Municipality In nos in %

1 Dolny Śląsk 1 0.35 Wrocław 1 0.35 Wrocław 1 0.35

2 Lubelskie 4 1.40

Lublin 2 0.70 Lublin 2 0.70

Świdnica 2 0.70Mełgiew 1 0.35

Piaski 1 0.35

3 Łódź 3 1.05Łódź 2 0.70 Łódź 2 0.70Piotrków Trybunalski 1 0.35 Piotrków Trybunalski 1 0.35

of the Polish National Radio Symphony Or-chestra in Katowice.


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4 Małopolska 12 4.21

Dąbrowa Tarnowska 2 0.70 Dąbrowa Tarnowska 2 0.70Kraków 7 2.46 Kraków 7 2.46Oświęcim 1 0.35 Chełmek 1 0.35Proszowice 2 0.70 Proszowice 2 0.70

5 Mazovia 9 3.16

Radom 4 1.40 Radom 4 1.40Radom 1 0.35 Jedlińsk 1 0.35Warszawa 2 0.70 Warszawa 2 0.70Wołomyń 2 0.70 Tłuszcz 2 0.70

6 Opole 10 3.51

Głubczyce 2 0.70 Głubczyce 2 0.70Kędzierzyn-Koźle 2 0.70 Kędzierzyn-Koźle 2 0.70Nysa 1 0.35 Nysa 1 0.35Opole 2 0.70 Opole 2 0.70Opole 3 1.05 Łubniany 3 1.05

7 Podlasie 2 0.70Goniądz 1 0.35 Goniądz 1 0.35Sokółka 1 0.35 Kuźnica 1 0.35

8 Silesia 238 83.51

Będzin 16 5.61

Będzin 3 1.05Bobrowniki 4 1.4Czeladź 4 1.4Siewierz 5 1.75

Bielsko-Biała 1 0.35 Bestwina 1 0.35Bielsko-Biała 5 1.75 Bielsko-Biała 5 1.75Bytom 8 2.81 Bytom 8 2.81Chorzów 9 3.16 Chorzów 9 3.16Cieszyn 1 0.35 Cieszyn 1 0.35Częstochowa 5 1.75 Częstochowa 5 1.75Dąbrowa Górnicza 4 1.4 Dąbrowa Górnicza 4 1.4Gliwice 21 7.37 Gliwice 21 7.37Gliwice 3 1.05 Gierałtowice 3 1.05Jastrzębie Zdrój 2 0.70 Jastrzębie Zdrój 2 0.70Jaworzno 1 0.35 Jaworzno 1 0.35Katowice 64 22.46 Katowice 64 22.46

Lubliniec 2 0.70Ciasna 1 0.35Kochanowice 1 0.35

Mikołów 10 3.51 Mikołów 10 3.51Mysłowice 5 1.75 Mysłowice 5 1.75Piekary Śląskie 4 1.40 Piekary Śląskie 4 1.40Racibórz 2 0.70 Racibórz 2 0.70Ruda Śląska 9 3.16 Ruda Śląska 9 3.16

Rybnik 2 0.70Czerwionka Leszczyny 1 0.35Lyski 1 0.35

Rybnik 3 1.05 Rybnik 3 1.05Siemianowice Śląskie 6 2.11 Siemianowice Śląskie 6 2.11Sosnowiec 15 5.26 Sosnowiec 15 5.26Świętochłowice 6 2.11 Świętochłowice 6 2.11Tarnowskie Góry 1 0.35 Tarnowskie Góry 1 0.35Tychy 19 6.67 Tychy 19 6.67Zabrze 9 3.16 Zabrze 9 3.16

Zawiercie 5 1.75Poręba 2 0.70Zawiercie 3 1.05


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9 Świętokrzyskie 3 1.05Kielce 2 0.70 Kielce 2 0.70Staszów 1 0.35 Szydłów 1 0.35

10 Warmia-Mazury 1 0.35 Nowe Miasto Lubawskie 1 0.35 Biskupiec 1 0.35

11 Western Pomerania 2 0.70Goleniów 1 0.35 Goleniów 1 0.35Szczecin 1 0.35 Szczecin 1 0.35

Total 285 100 Total 285 100 Total 285 100


Table 5 presents the place of residence of the participants in concerts in the Hen-

ryk Mikołaj Górecki Silesian Philharmonic Hall in Katowice (SP).

Table 5. Spatial range of the influence of the Silesian Philharmonic (N = 230)

No. Province In nos In % County In

nos In % Municipality In nos In %

1 Dolny Śląsk 1 0.43 Kłodzko 1 0.43 Nowa Ruda 1 0.432 Kujawy-Pomorze 1 0.43 Bydgoszcz 1 0.43 Bydgoszcz 1 0.43

3 Łódź 5 2.17Łódź 3 1.30 Łódź 3 1.30Łaski 2 0.87 Łask 2 0.87

4 Małopolska 6 2.61Dąbrowa Tarnowska 1 0.43 Olesno 1 0.43Kraków 3 1.30 Kraków 3 1.30Oświęcim 2 0.87 Oświęcim 2 0.87

5 Opole 1 0.43 Opole 1 0.43 Opole 1 0.43

6 Silesia 215 93.48

Będzin 6 2.61Będzin 4 1.74Czeladź 1 0.43Psary 1 0.43

Bielsko-Biała 6 2.61Jasienica 4 1.74Wilkowice 2 0.87

Bielsko-Biała 4 1.74 Bielsko-Biała 4 1.74Bieruń-Lędziny 1 0.43 Bieruń 1 0.43Bytom 7 3.04 Bytom 7 3.04Chorzów 11 4.78 Chorzów 11 4.78

Cieszyn 13 5.65Cieszyn 11 4.78Ustroń 1 0.43Zebrzydowice 1 0.43

Częstochowa 3 1.30 Częstochowa 3 1.30Częstochowa 1 0.43 Konopiska 1 0.43Dąbrowa Górnicza 8 3.48 Dąbrowa Górnicza 8 3.48Gliwice 4 1.74 Gliwice 4 1.74Jastrzębie-Zdrój 2 0.87 Jastrzębie-Zdrój 2 0.87

Katowice 65 28.26 Katowice 65 28.26

Mikołów 3 1.30 Mikołów 3 1.30Mysłowice 2 0.87 Mysłowice 2 0.87Piekary Śląskie 6 2.61 Piekary Śląskie 6 2.61Pszczyna 3 1.30 Pawłowice 3 1.30Racibórz 4 1.74 Racibórz 4 1.74Ruda Śląska 4 1.74 Ruda Śląska 4 1.74

Rybnik 3 1.30Lyski 1 0.43Świerklany 2 0.87

Siemianowice Śląskie 2 0.87 Siemianowice Śląskie 2 0.87Zabrze 7 3.04 Zabrze 7 3.04Sosnowiec 14 6.09 Sosnowiec 14 6.09Rybnik 10 4.35 Rybnik 10 4.35Świętochłowice 2 0.87 Świętochłowice 2 0.87


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6 Silesia 215 93.48

Tychy 7 3.04 Tychy 7 3.04

Wodzisław Śląski 12 5.22Gorzyce 3 1.30Wodzisław Śląski 9 3.91

Żory 1 0.43 Żory 1 0.43

Żywiec 4 1.74Gilowice 2 0.87Żywiec 2 0.87

7 Wielkopolska 1 0.43 Nowy Tomyśl 1 0.43 Opalenica 1 0.43Total 230 100 Total 230 100 Total 230 100


The tables show that the spatial range of the influence of the Polish National Ra-dio Symphony Orchestra in Katowice is not significantly different from the range of the Silesian Philharmonic. However, the percentage of visitors to the NOSPR from outside the Province of Silesia is higher,

and it is 16.49, and as regards the Silesian Philharmonic – 6.52. In the case of the Sile-sian Philharmonic, 28.26% of the respond-ents are the inhabitants of Katowice, while as regards the NOSPR, the percentage is lower – 22.46%. The results are shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Visits to Katowice’s philharmonic institutions (in %)


In addition, four types of the spatial range of Katowice’s philharmonic institutions can be indicated on the basis of the research results presented. The first circle includes people living in Katowice (an urban range). The second circle includes people residing in Katowice and in the counties and mu-nicipalities surrounding Katowice (a met-

ropolitan range). The third circle includes people living in the Province of Silesia, as well as in part of Małopolska and Opole provinces (a regional range). The fourth area is the territory of Poland (a nationwide range). The spatial range of the influence of Katowice’s philharmonic institutions is presented in Figure 3.


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Figure 3. Spatial range of the influence of Katowice’s philharmonic institutions (NOSPR and SP, N = 515)

Circle 1 – urban range (in numbers: 129), Circle 2 – metropolitan range (363), Circle 3 – regional range (482)

Circle 4 – nationwide range (515)


Figure 3 indicates that the spatial range of the influence of Katowice’s philharmonic institutions is metropolitan and regional. The second (metropolitan) circle includes

over two thirds of all respondents – 70.49% (363 people). The third circle includes 482 people in 515 (an increase is 23.11%). Every fourth person visiting the Katowice’s


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philharmonic institution is the inhabitant of Katowice (129 people, 25.05%). The distri-bution of the inhabitants of Katowice vis-

iting the philharmonic institutions of Kato-wice by districts is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. Urban range – visits of the inhabitants of Katowice to Katowice’s philharmonic institutions (N = 129)


Figure 4 shows that the largest group of visitors to the Katowice’s philharmonic insti-tutions is the residents of the Śródmieście district (5.44% of all respondents). The sample does not include the residents of the outermost districts of Katowice: Murcki, Zarzecze and Podlesie. Too small a sample does not allow for drawing more precise conclusions. It is suggested that further in-depth research should be conducted on a much larger sample to check the situation.

4. The correlation between the place of residence of participants in artistic events and the means of transport

Participants in artistic events organized at the Polish National Radio Symphony Or-chestra in Katowice and the Henryk Mikołaj Górecki Silesian Philharmonic were also asked about the main means of transport


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they used to come to the concert. Re-spondents pointed to the means of trans-port such as bus, TAXI, tram, coach, car, and train; some also came to the concert on foot. One person – a Swiss citizen – ar-

rived at the NOSPR concert by plane. None of the respondents pointed to the bicycle as the main means of transport they used to come to the concert. The research results are summarized in Tables 6, 7 and 8.

Table 6. Means of transport used to reach Katowice’s philharmonic institutions (N = 515)

Means of transport

Total (N=515) Inhabitants of the Prov-ince of Silesia (N=453)

Inhabitants of Katowice (N=129)

In nos in % In nos w % In nos in %On foot 27 5.24 27 5.96 27 20.93Bicycle - - - - - -TAXI 9 1.75 9 1.99 7 5.43Tram 12 2.33 12 2.65 7 5.43Bus 33 6.41 33 7.28 21 16.28Coach 24 4.66 11 2.43 - -Car 390 75.73 351 77.48 67 51.94Train 20 3.88 10 2.21 - -Total 515 100 453 100 129 100


The data presented in Table 6 indicates that the car is the means of transport domi-nating among the inhabitants of Katowice and the inhabitants of the Province of Si-lesia and among all the people reaching Katowice’s philharmonic institutions. Dif-ferences appear in the subsequent posi-tions. For obvious reasons, the inhabitants

of Katowice come on foot – every fifth inhabitant of Katowice (20.93%). Most of-ten the inhabitants of Katowice use public transport (bus and tram) – 21.71%. Table 7 presents the means of transport used by the participants in concert of the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra in Katowice.

Table 7. Means of transport used by visitors to the NOSPR

Means of transport



In nos In % In nos in % In nos in %On foot 21 7.37 21 8.82 21 32.81Bicycle - - - 0 - -TAXI 1 0.35 1 0.42 1 1.56Tram 4 1.40 4 1.68 3 4.69Bus 9 3.16 9 3.78 8 12.50Coach 20 7.02 8 3.36 - -Car 216 75.79 189 79.41 31 48.44Pociąg 14 4.91 6 2.52 - -Total 285 100 238 100 64 100


The data presented in Table 7 shows that even half of the participants in the NOSPR concert came to the concert on foot (32.81%) or by public transport (bus

– 12.50%, tram – 4.69%). Other people used the car (48.44%) or taxis (1.56%). The inhabitants of the Province of Silesia defi-nitely prefer the car (79.41%) as the main


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means of transport they use to come to the concert. This is probably related to the availability of many free parking spaces in the immediate vicinity of the NOSPR build-

ing. Table 8 presents the means of trans-port used by the participants in the concert in the Henryk Mikołaj Górecki Silesian Phil-harmonic in Katowice.

Table 8. Means of transport used by visitors to the Silesian Philharmonic (SP)

Means of transport



In nos in % In nos w % In nos in %On foot 6 2.61 6 2.79 6 9.23Bicycle - - - - - -TAXI 8 3.48 8 3.72 6 9.23Tram 8 3.48 8 3.72 4 6.15Bus 24 10.43 24 11.16 13 20.00Coach 4 1.74 3 1.40 - -Car 174 75.65 162 75.35 36 55.38Train 6 2.61 4 1.86 - -Total 230 100 215 100 65 100


The data presented in Table 8 proves the previous findings that the car is the means of transport most often used by people coming to the concert in Katowice. Every fifth inhabitant of Katowice surveyed came to the Friday concert by bus – this might

be due to the fact that a public transport stop is exactly opposite the main entrance to the Silesian Philharmonic. Chart 3 sum-marizes the data on the means of transport obtained in the NOSPR, the SP and in total.

Figure 5. The means of transport used by visitors to the Katowice philharmonic institutions (in %)



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The data presented in Chart 5 shows that over 75% of all respondents arrive at the concerts in Katowice’s philharmonic institutions, the NOSPR and the FS by car.

Inhabitants from outside the Province of Silesia also go by coach and train. Figure 6 presents the means of transport most of-ten used by the inhabitants of Katowice.

Figure 6. Means of transport used by the inhabitants of Katowice visiting Katowice’s philharmonic institutions (in %)


Figure 6 shows that the inhabitants of Katowice surveyed are more likely to go on foot to concerts in the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra than in the Si-lesian Philharmonic. It can be inferred that the limit in the form of DTŚ (a central high-way in the Province of Silesia) between Śródmieście and the so-called Katowice Cultural Zone is not a problem for the inhab-

itants of Katowice. However, participants in concerts in the Silesian Philharmonic are more likely to use public transport (bus and tram) than participants in the NOSPR concerts, probably due to the location of the Silesian Philharmonic in the centre of Katowice. Figure 7 presents the means of transport, most often used by the inhabit-ants of the Province of Silesia.


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Figure 7. Means of transport used by the inhabitants of the Province of Silesia visiting Katowice’s philharmonic institutions (in %)


The data presented in Figure 7 indicate that the inhabitants of the Province of Si-lesia definitely prefer the car (77.48%) as the main means of transport to come to

a concert in Katowice. The bus ranks sec-ond (7.28%). The last Figure 8 presents the means of transport most often used by in-habitants outside the Province of Silesia.

Figure 8. Means of transport of used by people living outside the Province of Silesia coming to Katowice’s philharmonic institutions (in %)



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The data presented in Figure 8 shows that people from outside the Province of Silesia usually come to Katowice for a concert by car. It should be noted, how-ever, that those who come to the Silesian Philharmonic from outside the Province of Silesia are more likely to come by car than those who come to the NOSPR, where in addition to the car, an important means of transport is also the coach and the train.

conclusionsTo sum up, it should be noted that the

data obtained during research conducted provide us only with knowledge of the spa-tial influence of Katowice’s philharmonic institutions on a given day, as regards two particular symphonic concerts, and not an actual state in this regard. It should also be noted that the spatial range of the in-fluence will fluctuate, depending on the programme of the concert, the popularity of artists or the reputation of the artistic ensemble. Taking into account a relatively large sample (515 respondents), the fact that research was conducted during con-certs performed in the main concert halls, with the participation of the full symphony orchestra of the Silesian Philharmonic and the Polish National Radio Symphony Or-chestra, rather than the guest orchestra ensembles, the results obtained are very probable and may be the basis for the fol-lowing conclusions:

– the spatial range of the influence of the Polish National Radio Symphony Or-chestra in Katowice is not significantly different from the spatial range of the influence of the Silesian Philharmonic. However, the percentage of visitors to the NOSPR from outside the Province of Silesia is higher (16.49) than to the Silesian Philharmonic – 6.52;

– the range of the influence of Kato-wice’s philharmonic institutions is

metropolitan and regional. The sec-ond circle (a metropolitan area, figure 1) includes more than two thirds of all respondents – 70.49% (363 persons). The third (regional) circle includes a total of 482 people out of 515;

– every fourth visitor to the Katowice’s philharmonic institution is the in-habitant of Katowice (129 people, 25.05%);

– the means of transport dominating among the inhabitants of Katowice and the inhabitants of the Province of Silesia, as well as all visitors to the Katowice’s philharmonic institutions is the car;

– every fifth inhabitant of Katowice (20,93%) goes to a symphony concert at the NOSPR or the Silesian Philhar-monic on foot;

– the inhabitants of Katowice are more likely to go on foot to concerts in the Polish National Radio Symphony Or-chestra than in the Silesian Philhar-monic;

– visitors to the Silesian Philharmonic are more likely to use public transport (bus and tram) than those who attend NOSPR concerts.

referencesBartosiewicz, B. (2012), Powiązania spo-

łeczne w Łódzkim Obszarze Metropoli-talnym, in: B. Bartosiewicz, I. Pielesiak, T. Marszał (Eds.), Spójność terytorialna Łódzkiego Obszaru Metropolitalnego, Studia Komitetu Przestrzennego Zago-spodarowania Kraju PAN, 147: 83-104.

Bartosiewicz, B., Pielesiak, I. (2012), Powią-zania transportowe w Łódzkim Obsza-rze Metropolitalnym, in: B. Bartosiewicz, I. Pielesiak, T. Marszał (Eds.), Spójność terytorialna Łódzkiego Obszaru Metro-politalnego, Studia Komitetu Przestrzen-nego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN, 147: 105-137.


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Wróblewski, Ł. (2017), Culture management. Strategy and marketing aspects, Berlin: Logos Verlag.

Zdzisława dacko-Pikiewicz, Phd. The sci-entific achievements of Zdzisława dacko-

-Pikiewicz are related to the sub-discipline of social sciences such as sociology of educa-tion, sociology of youth, social pedagogy, and culture of education. she is co-editor of ten monographs. she has published dozens of articles. For many years, she has been ac-tive in promoting the social, cultural and eco-nomic development of the region through the promotion of science, knowledge, skills and competences, increasing education op-portunities through both higher, formal edu-cation and non-formal, continuous educa-tion. since 2008 she has been the rector of the university of dąbrowa Górnicza.

łukasz wróblewski, Phd, is lecturer of mar-keting and marketing management, head of the department of Management and Production engineering at the university of dąbrowa Górnicza (Poland). He has au-thored over 50 scientific publications, mostly concerning issues of management and mar-keting in cultural organizations. He has also organized several symposiums and confer-ences on this management and marketing specialty in Poland and the czech republic.

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