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August 17, 2012

Solar PV Inverters

Anuj Dixit

Planning Engineer

Resource Integration

RPG Meeting

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Definition and Purpose

Definition: Intermittent Renewable Resource (IRR)

- A Generation Resource that can only ro!uce energy "ro# varia$leuncontrolla$le resources such as %in!& solar or run-o"-the-river

hy!roelectricity'

Purpose

- ER()* is encountering so#e rojects in %hich the inverter

!esigns li#it the caa$ility o" the solar lant $ecause all o" the

rotocol re+uire#ents %ere not consi!ere! in the !esign'

- So "ar& these li#itations have $een on reactive caa$ility across

oerating range'

,ove#$er .& 2/

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Outline

olar pro!ects in "R#$%

"&ample

'oeling reuirements

Protocol reuirements

ummar*

+uestions Discussion

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Exa#le - Reactive caa$ility

P

)erating Area

Reactive curve "or a sa#le inverter& /'3 " lea!4lag re+uire#ent

/'13/ M5

/'23/-/'23/

M5

MVAr

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-0. '/ solar pro!ects in te tu* Pase

'a!orit* of te pro!ects are solar P

Solar PV rojects

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tea* state

7 Active4Reactive Po%er (aa$ility7 Voltage control settings

7 Generator ste u trans"or#er

ort circuit

7 E+uivalence! collector syste# #o!el

D*namic

7 (o#ati$le PSS4E stan!ar! #o!el or a user !e"ine! #o!el

P#AD 'oel for #I tuies

Mo!eling re+uire#ents 7 8IS ersective

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oltage rie troug capabilit* ($perating 3uie 24541)

ER()* Protocols an! other $in!ing !ocu#ents

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6reuenc* #ontrol (Protocol 4- Primar* 6reuenc* Response

Reuirements an 'onitoring) - At all ti#es an All-Inclusive Generation Resource is )n-:ine& its

Governor #ust re#ain in service an! $e allo%e! to reson! to all

changes in syste# "re+uency excet !uring startu& shut!o%n& or

testing' ;All Generation Resources that have caacity availa$le to

either increase outut or !ecrease outut in Real-*i#e #ust rovi!ePri#ary 8re+uency Resonse& %hich #ay #a

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ER()* Protocols an! other $in!ing !ocu#ents

oltage #ontrol : Reacti8e #apabilit* 045- lea lag capabilit*

o8er te entire range (Protocol 941-)

-Reactive Po%er Re+uire#ents an over-excite! >lagging? o%er "actorcaa$ility o" /'3 or less an! an un!er-excite! >lea!ing? o%er "actor

caa$ility o" /'3 or less& $oth !eter#ine! at the generating unitBs #axi#u#

net o%er to $e sulie! to the ER()* *rans#ission Gri! an! at the

trans#ission syste# Voltage Pro"ile esta$lishe! $y ER()*& an! $oth

#easure! at the P)I'7 *he Reactive Po%er re+uire#ents shall $e availa$le at all M5 outut

levels an! #ay $e #et through a co#$ination o" the Generation ResourceCs

=nit Reactive :i#it >=R:?& %hich is the generating unitCs !yna#ic lea!ing

an! lagging oerating caa$ility& an!4or !yna#ic VArcaa$le !evices'

7 Generation Entities #ay su$#it to ER()* seci"ic roosals to #eet the

Reactive Po%er re+uire#ents esta$lishe! in aragrah >0? a$ove $ye#loying a co#$ination o" the =R: an! a!!e! VArcaa$ility& rovi!e! that

the a!!e! VArcaa$ility shall $e auto#atically s%itcha$le static an!4or

!yna#ic VAr!evices' ER()* #ay& at its sole !iscretion& either arove or

!eny a seci"ic roosal& rovi!e! that in either case& ER()* shall rovi!e

the su$#itter an exlanation o" its !ecision'

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In8erter selection must consier ow te esign will meet

"R#$% protocols an oter bining ocument (gri coe)

In8erter caracteristics ma* be impro8e wit esign

moifications (i4e4 it ma* be possible tat an in8erter wos

publise specifications o not meet te "R#$% reuirements

can be moifie to meet tese reuirements)

Su##ary

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@uestions