Sociological Studies of Network -Community Studies (60’s) Friendship Network, Community Power...
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Transcript of Sociological Studies of Network -Community Studies (60’s) Friendship Network, Community Power...
CONTRADICTORY MEGATRENDS DRIVEN BY SOCIAL TECHNOLO-
GIES
Professor of Sociology
Yonsei University
Sociological Studies of Net-work
-Community Studies (60’s) Friendship Network, Community Power StructureDevelopment of SNA techniques (L. Freeman, Borgatti, Lincoln,
Burt . . .)
-Network of Corporate Gover-nance (ex: interlocking board of Di-rectors)
-Inter-organizational Rela-tions
-Social Movements -World System Theory (state
network)
Micro
Macro
Network Capitalism
Example; Structural Eff ect
A’s Parents B’s Parents
Student A Student B Student A Student B
A’s Parents B’s Parents
Open Network Closed Network
Probability of becoming a delinquent boy is higher in ( ) network.
Internet revives interest of 60’s
Sociological Issues; Social Impact of Internet Has the Internet increased, decreased
contact? More on line Friends? Long distance friends?
Has the Internet support emotional ties? Contact with Family and old friends
anonymity and invisibility Privacy Identity (Multiple selves) . . .
Yet, N increased from hundreds to millions.
Netville Experiment
Does Internet produce Power-dispersion or Power concentration? Decentralized communication net-
work replace centralized communica-tion, undermining the central power.
As more people are connected, cen-tralized network structure produce a “winner take it all” society.
Two contradictory predictions each with compelling evidences.
Macro Issues concerning Inequality
1. Network Army weakens centralized (state) power
Candlelight vigil against beef import
Synch on the Net
Orchestration without a conductor;People can make voice!!
Why Power dispersion?
Information Asymmetry produces Power With knowledge & information you can gain power.
Centralized Network Decentralized Network
Information Asymmetry is reduced due to social technology
Examples of Power dispersion
Minerva; information superhighway
Doctor-Patent Relations
Professor-Student Rela-tions
Mass media / new media
Network Theory of KnowledgeAfrican Sculpture Picasso’s Cubism
Anyone can create by mixing.Ex: creative commons
R&D vs. Open Innovation
기존의 혁신 모델 개방혁신 모델Any Connected Individual can create the value, without means of production.
Small world Networks; Path vs. Walk
Gene expression Network Food Web Power Grid
Romance of the Three Kingdoms Korean Pops Keyword Network New Testament Net-work
Power Concentration: Winner Take all Society
# of people affected by power failure caused by lightening
Frequency
104
105
106
10710
0
101
102
103
1984-1997
Power Law
Preferential attachment
Mathew Effect “the rich get richer”
Why? Network Externality!The value of a fax depends on the number of faxes inter-connected . . . Mobile phone, Facebook. . .
Increasing Return
Centralization of Web traffic Net-work
August, 2000May, 2000
Degree
Mean 13.76
Std Dev 18.26
Network Centralization = 51.37%
Degree
Mean 0.74
Std Dev 1.59
Network Centralization = 3.80%
Among top 100 sites
If Links create values, inequality increases!
Network Externality
Zipf Law
http://www.useit.com/alertbox/9704b.html
• Some core group are more connected than the rest on line
• a small set of webloggers account for a majority of the traffic in the weblog world
• as more journal issues came online, more of citations were to fewer journals and articles
Network Society may produce extreme inequality!!
Links, Friends, traffic, Citations. . . Are distributed with power law