Aplikasi Bioremediasi Pengolahan Limbah (Sludge) Tambang Emas
Sludge dewatering.pptx
Transcript of Sludge dewatering.pptx
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SLUDGE DEWATERING
NORZIHAN NABILAH BINTI ABU BAKARNOR FARHANA NABILA BINTI YUSOFFNUR SYAFIQAH BINTI ROSLEENOR AKHMA BINTI YAZID
SUZIELA BINTI ASMANZULINA BINTI YUSOF
PREPARED FOR:PUAN JURINA BINTI JAAFAR
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What is Sludge Dewatering?
The physical process of removing the water contentsludge.
the final step for industrial wastewater treatment pand plants.
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Why Dewater Sludge?
Most producers pay for sludge disposal by weight, andheavy. So if you remove as much water as possible, yodewatered sludge is lighter and thus costs less to disposludge and increases the number of recycling options a
reduces risk of outlet availability. The bottom line is th
effective Sludge dewatering can save you money. reduction of storage place and transportation costs
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Methods of sludge dewaterin
Belt filter CentrifugeFra
filter
Vacuumfiltration
Dryingbed
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What is the most effective solutio
Sludge Dewatering?
This is not easily answered without a comprehensive eof your specific needs including the final disposition ofsludge cake including whether you will be applying theland applications, landfill disposal, alternative fuels, fu
processing and so on. Analyzing each situation is critic
optimize the wastewater sludge aspect of your municiwastewater treatment processes.
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CENTRIFUGE DECANTOR
use centrifugal force to accelerate solid-liquid seper centrifuge is a conical cylinder decantor that turns h
on its axis with a clarified water overflow
dewatered sludge being removed by an Archimedea
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
High capacity High capital cost
Low space requirement High maintenance costHigh speed of operationVibration phenomena
High level of technical expertise requiredpersonnel
Continuous dewatering in an enclosed unit Noize levels exceeding 85dB(A)
Unmanned operation High operational costHigh level of technical expertise requiredpersonnel
High power consumptionApprox. 4% higher DS than achieved than with abelt press
Operation -the dewatering process is not
Suitable for all sludge types (including oily/fattysludges)
High polyelectrolyte consumption
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BELT FILTER PRESS
Belt filter presses are used to remove water from liquidwastewater residuals and produce a non-liquid materialto as cake.
A belt filter dewaters by applying pressure to the sludgesqueeze out the water
Sludge sandwiched between two tensioned porous beltpassed over and under rollers of various diameters
Increased pressure is created as the belt passes over roll
decrease in diameter
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Divided into three zones
1. gravity zone
free draining water is drained by gravity through a porous belt
2. wedge zone
where the solids are prepared for pressure application
3. pressure zone where medium, then high pressure is applied to the conditione
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Diagram of a belt filter
Sludge in the feed hopper is sandwiched between two filter cloths (shown green andis extracted initially by gravity, then by squeezing the cloth through rollers. Filtrate edrain, while solids are scraped off into a container.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BeltPress.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BeltPress.svg -
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Advantages Disadvantage
Maintenance is relatively simple and
can usually be completed by awastewater treatment plantmaintenance crew
Belt presses can be started and shutdown quickly compared to
centrifuges, which require up to anhour to build up speed
There is less noise associated withbelt presses
Odors may be a problem
Wastewater solids with hconcentrations of oil andresult in blinding the beltlower solids content cake
Wastewater solids must
and/or ground to minimisharp objects damaging
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FRAME FILTER PRESS DEWATERI
Also called a filter press, the operating principle is filtrat
A filter press is composed of a series of hollow vertical ffilter cloths stretched on both sides.
These frames are hung next to each other and pressed t
with a hydraulic jack.
A filter chamber is formed between the plates.
Filter presses operate applying very high pressures to th
(from 5 to 15 bars and sometimes even more).
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PLAN VIEW
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FILTRATION CYCLE
Filling phase:At the start of the cycle, the conditioned sludge is injected in the filtration chambers by a high-pre
sludge fills each chamber and the water starts to seep out.
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Filtration phase:Once all the chambers are filled, the sludge continues to be pumped in and the pressure increases bars. The filtrate flows into the channels placed in each frame and is evacuated in a main pipe. The sreduce when the pressure increases. Very often, two separate off-centre-screw pumps are used: a hpressure pump for the beginning of the cycle and a low flow/high pressure pump for the end.
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Opening phase:Several parameters may be used to signal the end of the cycle (stopping the injection pump): maxfiltration time, filtrate volume. Once the press has stopped, the central core is purged of the liquidjack that presses the frames together is released. The chambers are opened sequentially and the ca skip or on to a conveyor.
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Recently developed to obtain higher cake dryness than on regular Frame Filter Press. Every secoof a membrane that can be shaped by air or water pressure (7-10 bars). This extra pressure is apthe injection phase, once the cake is formed.
Filtration capacityThe production capacity of a filter press is somewhere between 1.5 and 10 kg of solid per m 2 ofFor every the filter press model the chamber volume and the filtering surface depend on the nuthe filter.
Membrane Filter Presses
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FILTRATIONTIME
cake thickness
sludgeconcentration
specificresistance
compressibilitycoefficient.
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VACUUM FILTRATION
Vacuum filters involve creating a vacuum to draw out wsolids.
The filter consists of a drum over which the filtering melaid.
The drum is set in a tank with one quarter submerged inor sludge.
Valves and pipes are arranged so that a vacuum is appliinner side of the filter medium as the drum rotates slowwater to be drawn from the sludge.
Once the drum has lifted the sludge into the atmospherlayer has been drawn to the top of the cake and the caksubsequently removed by a stationary knife blade.
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Operating cost is higher
Independent of seasons and weather conditions
Dry solids enough to eliminate subsequent steps such as digestion or heattreatment before disposal, incineration, or usage
Need small area
Rated in pounds per hour dry solids filtered per area of filter surface.
Run as continuous process
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DRYING BED
Traditional method. Commonly used in dry regions where land area is no
premium.
Generally used for dewatering of well digested slud
Attempts to air dry raw sludge usually result in odor
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Advantages Disadvantages
No chemicals required High capital cost
Ease of operation Labour intensive Mechanical equipment required for
removal/handling Hard labour required
High dry solid % Weather sensitive; not effective in wet
No expert is need in order to operate the drying bedprocess
Possibility of odor