Sist...endokrin_2014
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Sistem Endokrin
Robin Dompas
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Endokrin Vs Eksokrin
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Kelenjar/Glandula
• Eksokrin:
– Mempunyai ductus (saluran sekresi)
– Contoh: kelenjar keringat, klj ludah,
klj sebacea
• Endokrin:
– Tidak mempunyai ductus
– Produksi hormon
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Kelenjar / Glandula
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Perbedaan Sistem Endokrin dan Sistem Saraf
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Sistem Endokrin
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Sistem saraf
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Macam-macam Kelenjar Hormon
• Kelenjar Pineal (epifisis)
• Kelenjar Pituitari (hipofisis)
• Kelenjar Tiroid
• Kelenjar Paratiroid
• Kelenjar Thimus
• Kelenjar Adrenal
• Kelenjar Pankreas
• Kelenjar Kelamin:
– Ovarium (wanita)/Testes (pria)
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Hipotalamus
• Merupakan pusat tertinggi sistem kelenjar
endokrin yang menjalankan fungsinya melalui
hormonal dan saraf.
• Hormon yang dihasilkan adalah faktor R
(releasing) dan I (inhibiting) yang mengontrol
sintesa dan sekresi hormon hipofise anterior
sedangkan kontrol terhadap hipofise posterior
melalui kerja saraf.
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Hormon Yg Dihasilkan Hipotalamus
• ACRH – ACIH
• TRH – TIH
• GRH – GIH
• GnRH -- GnIH
• PTRH – PTIH
• PRH – PIH
• MRH – MIH
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Kelenjar Pituitari (hipofisis)
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Gland Hypophyse (Kelenjar Pituitary)
• Disebut sebagai Master Gland karena mensekresi
hormon yang selanjutnya akan mengendalikan
sekresi hormon oleh kelenjar endokrin lainnya
• Berukuran lebih 1 cm dengan berat 500mg
• Terletak di sella tursica dari tulang sphenoid
• Dibagi menjadi 3 lobus :
– Lobus anterior
– Lobus Posterior
– Lobus intermediate
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Lobus Anterior
Hormon yg dihasilkan :
• GH / somatotropik merangsang pertumbuhan jaringan tubuh dan tulang, merangsang sintesa protein
• Prolaktin merangsang pertumbuhan jaringan payudara dan laktasi
• TSH merangsang kelenjar tyroid, menambah metabolisme lemak
• Gonadotropik hormon (LH dan FSH) mempengaruhi pertumbuhan, maturitas fungsi organ seks sekunder dan primer
• ACTH merangsang pembentukan steroid oleh korteks adrenal
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Lobus Posterior
• Terdiri dari jaringan saraf sehingga disebut
neurohipofise
Hormon yg dihasilkan :
• ADH/ vasopressin meningkatkan reabsopsi air
oleh tubulus distal dan tubulus koleduktus ginjal
sehingga menurunkan produksi urin.
• Oksitosin merangsang pengeluaran ASI,
kontraksi uterus, terlibat dalam transport sperma
dalam traktus reproduksi wanita.
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Lobus Intermediate
Terletak diantara lobus posterior dan anterior
menghasilkan :
• MSH/ melanotropin yang berfungsi merangsang
melanogenesis : memberi warna gelap pada
kulit.
• Selain itu juga menghasilkan Endorphin:
Mengendalikan reseptor rasa nyeri
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Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
(MSH)
Kelenjar Intermediet
Hipofisis
1 2
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Kelenjar Pituitari (hipofisis)
• Gigantisme : disebabkan oleh kelebihan somatotropin pada masa sebelum pubertas.
• Kerdil : disebabkan kekurangan somatotropin.
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Hypothalamus
adenohypophysis
- TSH
- ACTH
- FSH, LH
- GH
- MSH
- Prolactin
Target gland Affect body
Affect body
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Glandula Thyroid
• Berat: 18 – 60 gr
• 2 lobus dihub.kan oleh
istmus
• Setinggi cartilago trachea II
– IV
• 50% populasi lobus
pyramidalis
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Kelenjar/glandula tiroid menghasilkan
hormon
• Hormon tiroksin.(T4) berperan dalam proses
pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tubuh serta
menjadi faktor penting dalam proses
perkembangan otak pada anak
• Hormon tirodotropin (T3), yang berfungsi
mengatur metabolisme, pertumbuhan,
perkembangan, dan kegiatan sistem saraf.
• Hormon kalsitonin, yang berfungsi menurunkan
kadar kalsium dalam darah.Verifikasi diagnosis
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Glandula Parathyroid
• 4 buah belakang gld.
Thyroid (dalam capsula
fibrosa)
• Bentuk lentiforme
• 8 mm, 30 – 50 mg
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Kelenjar paratiroid menghasilkan hormon paratiroid atau parathormon (PTH).
Parathormon merupakan hormon yang bersama dengan kalsitonin mengatur kadar kalsium tubuh
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Pancreas
• Ukuran: 17,8 X 3,8 cm
• Di bawah gaster, berhubungan
dengan duodenum
• Glandula eksokrin dan endokrin
• Eksokrin menghasilkan enzim:
– Amilase
– Lipase
– Triptase
• Endokrin pulau Langerhans
pancreas (islet of pancreas):
– Sel alpha-2 glukagon
– Sel beta insulin
– Sel alpha-1 somatostatin
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Glandula Adrenal
• Berat ±5 gr, terletak pada kutub atas ginjal
• Terbungkus oleh capsul lemak ginjal
• Bentuk segitiga - semilunaris
• Terdiri atas 2 kelenjar endokrin: – Cortex adrenal
– Medulla adrenal:
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Cortex Adrenal
• 80-90%
• Sel-sel epitel:
– Zona glomerulosa
– Zona fasciculata paling produktif
– Zona reticularis
• Produk:
– Glucocorticoid: cortisol
– Mineralocorticoid: aldosteron
– Hormon sex: testosteron
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Medulla Adrenal
• Derivat “stem cell” simpatis
(paraganglion suprarenal)
• Produk:
–Adrenalin (epinephrin)
–Noradrenalin (norepinephrin)
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Ovarium
• Berbentuk mirip buah
almond, ukuran: 2,5-5
cm
• Menghasilkan:
– Ovum
– Hormon sex:
• Estrogen
• progesteron
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Testis
• Berbentuk seperti buah
plum, ukuran 4-5 cm
• Menghasilkan:
– Sperma
– Hormon: androgen (sel
Leydig/sel-sel interstitial
tubulus seminiferus)
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Corpus Pineale
• = epiphysis
• Sebesar kacang (12mm)
• Terletak di mesencephalon (midbrain), pada atap ventriculus tertius
• Sensitif terhadap cahaya “jam biologis”
• Hormon: melatonin
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Thymus
• 2 lobus, oval
• Terletak di mediastinum
di atas pericardium
• Berkembang sempurna
pada anak-anak, < 18
thn,,,
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Fungsi kelenjar timus adalah: Mengaktifkan
pertumbuhan badan, Mengurangi aktivitas
kelenjar kelamin, Menghasilkan timosin yang
berfungsi untuk merangsang limfosit.
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Thymus
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Tugas
• Resume..............
• Hormon yang berhubungan dengan
sistem reproduksi