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Transcript of Sistem kardiovaskuler
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 1
SISTEM KARDIOVASKULER
Dr. ANNISA SITI ROHIMA
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 2
Anatomi Jantung
Besarnya kurang lebih sekepalan tangan anda
Lokasi
Facies superior diafragma
Cenderung ke kiri dari linea mediana
Terletak anterior dari columna vertebralis dan sebelah posterior dari os sternum
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 3
Anatomi Jantung
Figure 18.1
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 4
Pericardium
Pericardium – merupakan selaput dua lapis yang menyelimuti jantung:
1. Pericardium merupakan jaringan yang terdiri dari serabut fibrosa
2. Pericardium memiliki dua lapisan serosa pericardium
a. Tunika parietalis menutupi bagian paling luang
b. Tunika viseralis langsung menutupi jantung
Terdapat cavitas pericardium yang berisi cairan diantara kedua lapisan tersebut
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 5
Fisiologi Pericardium
Fungsi pericardium:
Proteksi dan melekatkan jantung pada sekitarnya
Menjaga kelebihan pengisian jantung dengan darah
Memfasilitasi jantung bekerja tanpa gesekan
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 6
Lapisan pericardium pada jantung
Figure 18.2
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 7
Dinding Jantung
Epicardium – tunika viseralis merupakan bagian dari pericardium
Myocardium – merupakan lapisan otot yang membentuk jantung
Skeleton Fibrosa cardiaca– crisscrossing, lapisan jaringan ikat yang saling melapisi
Endocardium – lapisan endotelium yg membentuk permukaan paling dalam dari miocardium
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 8
Pembuluh darah yang mengalirkan darah menuju jantung meliputi:
1. Vena cava superior dan inferior
2. Vena pulmonaris dextra dan sinistra
Pembuluh darah yang membawa darah keluar dari jantung:
1. Trunkus pulmonarius, akan bercabang menjadi arteri pulmonarius dextra dan sinistra
2. Aorta ascendens (memiliki cabang):
a. Brachiocephalica
b. Carotis communis sinistra
c. Arteri Subclavia
External jantung: pembuluh darah major jantung (Anterior)
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 9
Arteri – arteri coronaria dextra dan sinistra (dalam sulcus atrioventricularis), marginalis, circumflexa, dan interventricular anterior
Vena– vena cardiaca minus, cardiaca anterior , dan cardiaca majus
External jantung: pembuluh darah yang mensuplai/drainase organ jantung (Anterior)
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 10
External jantung: Anterior
Figure 18.4b
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 11
Pembuluh darah yang mengembalikan darah ke jantung meliputi:
1. Vena pulmonaris dextra dan sinistra
2. Vena cava superior dan inferior
Pembuluh darah yang membawa darah keluar dari jantung meliputi:
1. Aorta
2. Arteri pulmonaris dextra dan sinistra
External jantung: pembuluh darah utama pada jantung (Posterior)
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 12
Arteri – arteri coronarius dextra (terletak dalam sulcus atrioventricularis) dan arteri interventricular posterior (dalam sulcus interventricularis)
Vena – vena cardiaca majus, vena posterior dari ventrikel sinistra, sinus coronarius, dan vena cardiaca
External jantung: pembuluh darah yang mensuplai/mendrainase organ jantung (Posterior)
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 13
External Jantung: Posterior
Figure 18.4d
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 14
Anatomi jantung: irisan frontal
Figure 18.4e
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 15
Atrium
Atrium merupakan ruangan penerima pada organ jantung
Masing-masing atrium memiliki auriculae
Musculus Pectinatus menjadi tanda dinding atrium
Darah masuk atrium dextra melalui vena cava superior dan inferior serta sinus coronarius
Darah memasuki atrum sinistra melalui vena pulmonaris
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 16
Ventrikel
Ventrikel merupakan ruangan untuk mempompa darah keluar dari jantung
Musculus Papillaris dan trabeculae carneae menjadi penanda dinding jantung
Ventrikel dekstra memompa darah ke trunkus pulmonarius
Ventrikel sinistra memompa darah ke aorta
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 17
Ketebalan Miokardium dan Fungsi
Ketebalan dinding ruangan jantung bervariasi sesuai fungsinya
Atria are thin walled, deliver blood to adjacent ventricles
Ventricle walls are much thicker and stronger
right ventricle supplies blood to the lungs (little flow resistance)
left ventricle wall is the thickest to supply systemic circulation
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 18
Dinding jantung
Miokardium pd ventrikel sinistra lebih tebal daripada ventrikel dextra.
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 19
Kerusakan pada septum atrium
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 20
Kerusakan pada septum ventrikel
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 21
Diagram aliran darah dari jantung ke pulmo
atrium dekstra valvula tricuspidalis ventricle dekstra
ventricle dekstra valvula semilunaris pulmonaris arteri pulmonaris pulmo
Pulmo vena pulmonaris atrium sinistra
atrium sinistra valvula bicuspidalis ventrikel sinistra
Ventrikel sinistra valvula semilunaris aortica aorta
Aorta sirkulasi sistemik
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 22
Diagram perjalanan darah cardio-pulmo
Figure 18.5
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 23
Sirkulasi cardiopulmoner
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 24
Sirkulasi Koroner
Sirkulasi koroner bertugas mensuplai darah bagi organ jantung itu sendiri
Collateral routes ensure blood delivery to heart even if major vessels are occluded
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 25
Sirkulasi koroner: suplai Arterial
Figure 18.7a
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 26
Sirkulasi koroner: suplai Vena
Figure 18.7b
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 27
Valvula jantung
Valvula pada jantung menjaga agar tidak terjadi aliran darah balik ke ruangan sebelumnya
Valvula Atrioventricularis (AV) terletak antara atrium dan ventrikel
Valvula AV mencegah aliran balik ke atrium ketika ventrikel berkontraksi
Chordae tendineae menyambungkan valvula AV ke musculus papillaris
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 28
Valvula pada Jantung
Valvula Semilunaris mencegah aliran balik darah ke ventrikel
Valvula semilunaris aortica terletak antara ventrikel sinister dan aorta
Valvula Pulmonaris semilunaris terletak antara ventrikel dextra dan trunkus pulmonaris
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 29
Valvula pada jantung
Figure 18.8a, b
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 30
Valvula pada jantung
Figure 18.8c, d
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 31
Fungsi Valvula Atrioventricularis
Figure 18.9
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 32
Fungsi valvula semilunalis
Figure 18.10
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 33
Prolaps Valvula Mitralis
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 34
Otot jantung secara mikroskopis
Otot jantung: otot lurik, pendek, besar, bercabang dan saling berhubungan
Jaringan ikan endomysium berfungsi sebagai tendon dan insertio
Discus intercalatus akan merekatkan masing-masing sel dan menjadi jalan bagi ion-ion
Otot jantung bertindang sebagai syncytium functionalis
InterActive Physiology®: Cardiovascular System: Anatomy Review: The HeartPLAY
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Chapter 18, Cardiovascular System 35
Otot Jantung secara Mikroskopis
Figure 18.11
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36
Figure 10–2 Simplified diagram of the human circulatory system. Dark vessels contain oxygenated blood; light vessels contain
deoxygenated blood.
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Chapter 19, Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessel 37Figure 19.17a
Pulmonary Circulation
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Chapter 19, Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessel 38Figure 19.17b
Pulmonary Circulation
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Chapter 19, Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessel 39Figure 19.18
Sirkulasi Sistemik
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Chapter 19, Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessel 40Figure 19.19b
Aorta dan Arteri Utama
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Chapter 19, Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessel 41Figure 19.20b
Arteri regio cephalica
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Chapter 19, Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessel 42Figure 19.20d
Arterie pada Otak
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Chapter 19, Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessel 43Figure 19.21b
Arteri pada Thoraks dan Membrum Superius