Silver Training
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Transcript of Silver Training
SILVER T
RAININ
G
DU
KE
OF E
DI N
BU
RG
H H
I LL A
RY
AW
AR
D
FIRST AID
Make sure that at least one person on the trip has a current First Aid certificate
Remember Dr ABC
D – Danger – make the area safe (for yourself, others, injured)
R – Response – is the injured conscious? Can they respond?
A – Airways – clear mouth, tilt head back, lift chin
B – Breathing – chest rising and falling, sounds of breathing, breath on cheek
C – Circulation – if not breathing, are there signs of life? Skin pale? What happens when you press the skin or fingernail?
http://www.ehow.co.uk/video_4951759_make-outdoor-first_aid-kit.html HOW TO MAKE AN OUTDOOR FIRST AID KIT
FIRST AID – ROLES OF GROUP MEMBERS
Leader – site management
- safety of group and injured
- delegates tasks to group members
Most experienced First Aider – patient care and monitoring
- may need an assistant
- prioritise care if numerous injured
An effective communicator – seeks help through radio transmission
Everyone else – make shelter, food, drink etc
FIRST AID – SECONDARY SURVEY
Check and record breathing and pulse
Talk to patient and companions to obtain
- history of accident
- medical history
Full examination to determine any further injuries
Make sure you are wearing gloves
FIRST AID – LOOK AND FEEL FOR
Bleeding
Unusual colour
Tenderness and bruising
Lack of symmetry
Loss of sensation
Try to treat patient in the position in which they are found
FIRST AID – HEAD
Inspect and gently palpate skull
Check for lacerations, bleeding, depressions, bruising
FIRST AID – FACE
Fluid from ears, nose, mouth
Inspect eyes and check for pupil symmetry and reaction to light
Look for any broken teeth
Check skin colour, temperature, moisture
Check for any obvious fracture of the jaw
FIRST AID – NECK
Gently inspect and palpate for tenderness, deformities and rigidity
FIRST AID – CHEST
Check for bruising
Check for asymmetry of movement
Gently palpate for tenderness and deformity
FIRST AID – BACK
Check for muscle spasm along spine
Look for bruises, injuries, entry or exit wounds
Back injuries can be very serious, because the spinal cord is a vital nerve
FIRST AID – ABDOMEN
Look for bruising, penetrating injuries
Check for distension and masses
Palpate (with warm hands) for rigidity
FIRST AID – PELVIS
Palpate gently for tenderness and deformity
FIRST AID – EXTREMITIES
Look for deformities
• Gently palpate for tenderness and deformities
• Check for bruising
• Check for regularity of pulse
• Check for strength and sensation
• Check for symmetry
FIRST AID – REMEMBER
Warmth, comfort, reassurance
Patient minder to watch and monitor them constantly
Record keeping is essential – all significant events
Monitoring – vital signs – breathing, pulse, temperature – every 30 minutes
FIRST AID – FOREIGN BODIES
Bugs or plant matter in eyes, ears, nose
Try not to inflame by prodding or rubbing
EYES – wash out with clean water or pull top eyelid over bottom lid
EARS and NOSE – do not stick anything in to try to dislodge object
FIRST AID – FRACTURES
Excessive force can cause fractures
- open – bone protrudes through skin blood loss and severe risk of infection
- closed – skin is intact but there can still be severe internal bleeding
- complicated – broken bone is at risk of injuring vital organs such as lungs
- stress – abnormal movement causes stress to bone over time
FIRST AID – SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF FRACTURES
A break or crack may be heard
Intense pain
Observable deformity
Painful movement in that region
Loss of strength in that region
Tenderness when gentle pressure applied
Swelling and bruising
Visible bleeding with open fractures
Grating sound as broken ends move against each other
FIRST AID – MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURES
Do not test by moving bones against each other
Assess severity of injury
Determine course of action based on severity of injury
Be aware of risk of infection of open wounds
Donut of bandages / clothes to protect open wound from knocks
Splint area if possible to avoid movement of fracture site
Patient may be able to continue eg broken arm if properly supported
If patient can’t continue, seek help
FIRST AID – DIARRHOEA
Unpleasant – especially in the bush
Can be accompanied by dehydration, nausea and vomiting
Steps to take to avoid diarrhoea:
Remember personal hygiene when toileting and preparing food
Use only treated water (do not drink directly from streams)
Avoid eating left over food
Wash dishes and utensils well
Treatment for diarrhoea
If available, take anti-diarrhoea medication
Continue to drink sips of boiled water to avoid dehydration
Electrolyte drinks are useful to maintain strength (May be carried with first aid kit)
Bury all faecal wastes (including toilet paper) to avoid possible cross contamination.
FIRST AID – RECOVERY POSITION
If a patient is unconscious or semi conscious and still breathing
Check mouth for any obstructions
Kneel down by patient’s chest
Place one arm across the patient’s chest and the other at 90o to their body
Bend up the leg on the same side as the arm across the chest
Gently roll the patient to their side
Make sure the patient is stable and cannot move from this position
Continue to monitor levels of consciousness.
Must be placed on back if breathing stops – for resuscitation