Silasi Talpos Simina - Shizuoka Paper

7/31/2019 Silasi Talpos Simina - Shizuoka Paper

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Paper prepared for and presented at the international symposium Black Sea Area in the Changing World Old Issues in a New Bottle , held between October 29 and 30, 2011 at the University of Shizuoka, Japan.

[Session 1 Political Economy of Labour Migration in the Black Sea area , October 29]

Managed Migration in Romania: A Bridge betweenthe Black Sea Area and the European Union

Grigore Sila i1)

Ioan Talpo 2) Ovidiu Laurian Simina 3)

Keywords: labour migration, Black Sea Area, Romania, migration and development

JEL classification: F22, J08, J61, K31, O15, O19, R23


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Managed Migration in Romania :

A Bridge between the Black SeaArea and the European Union

Prof. Grigore SILA I

Prof. Ioan TALPO

Ovidiu Laurian SIMINA

West University of Timi oara (UVT), Romania

Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence

Timioara Centre for Migration and Mobility Studies - SISEC

Black Sea Area in the Changing World Old Issues in a New Bottle

Session 1 Political Economy of Labour Migration in the Black Sea Area

University of Shizuoka, Japan October 29, 2011


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Sila i, Talpo , Simina Romania: A Bridge between BlackSea Area and the European Union

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TOPIC

As we entered the second decade of the XXIcentury, international migration has become amajor reality that shapes the features of theworld of today and tomorrow : accompanying the movement of capital revealing the disorders and inequalities of the world challenging the political leaders who must manage

the phenomenon and its consequences and explainto public opinion often divided on such subjects

Romania A Bridge between the

Black Sea Area and the European Union


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Romania A Bridge between the

Black Sea Area and the European Union

Content

1. The Black Sea Area between two macrospaces Euro-Atlantic and Eurasian

- What is the European Union? What is the Black Sea Area?

2. Migration flows in the Black Sea Area- attraction and rejection; disruption of migration trends

3. Romania as EU external border and its

strategic role in the Black Sea Area- better management / policies or better understanding of theforces driving migration ?

- lessons to share Moldova Republic, A Told Story


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The Black Sea Areabetween two Macro Spaces


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The two macro-space defined by thefollowing dimensions:

Demographic

EconomicScientific

Trade

FinancialCompetitiveness motivation


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The Euro-Atlantic macro-space dominated by the EU (and the US) A Space - wider than the European Union territory

The European Union space of freedom,security, justice and welfare

attraction for migration flows


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The Euro-Atlanticmacro-space

democracy

freedom security justice

WELFARE

TheThe EuroEuro asianasianmacromacro --spacespace

resources (oil,gas, drugs)

instability frozen conflicts authoritarian

states

Two macroTwo macro --spaces: dialog or confrontation?spaces: dialog or confrontation?

labourlabour migrationmigration



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The Euro-Atlanticmacro-space

Nuclear Powers US, France, UK

Security Council of UN US, France, UKAntimissile system - at the external

border of the macro-space

Population

GDP (GDP/capita)Resources

Army

TheThe EuroEuro asianasianmacromacro --spacespace

Nuclear Powers Russia, China,

Pakistan, North Korea, IsraelSecurity Council of UN Russia, China3 BRIC countries Russia, China, India

(resources and real economy )

Population

GDP (GDP/capita)Resources

Army

Two macroTwo macro --spaces: dialog or confrontation?spaces: dialog or confrontation?

DimensionDemographic

EconomicScientific

TradeFinancial

Competitivenessmotivation




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The Eurasian macro-space dominatedby Russia, China, Japan

who leads Asia rules the World!

The increase of Asias economicdevelopment the migration issue:

attraction of Asia Asias role in changing of (labour) migration

dynamics and structure


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The new centres of power

on the way to the Asian Century, an irreversiblepolitical / economic shift in global power from West toEast was noted the result: the world economic centre was moved

from Atlantic to Pacific even if countries as China, Korea, Japan, India and

Vietnam dont share an Asian economic system anddont have a decision centre or coordination institutions (the EU model), they used the recent financial crisis

wisely, reinforcing their economies Asia managed to turn globalization for its owneconomic [and political] interest


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historically, the main drivers for economic globalizationwere the Western / developed countries; in the XXIcentury, the developing countries contribute for morethan 50% to the world GDP

Asian countries [and China in particular] are now in

position to influence and reshape the global economy the new centres of power : China and India contributeto the global growth; economic, political and socialimpact of their investments in Africa and rest of the world

the Rising Tigers changed the World into one with three poles : USA EU Asia / China [both India and Japan face aChinese paradox : China is their single largest trading partner, the newgeostrategic threat, and the future regional hegemony]


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China took over the lead: Japans slow economy growthshifted investments and production to China Japan turns to a special relationship with the new great

power; the rise and the decrease of Japan is closelinked to importing foreign workforce in the nationaleconomy

the end of the Western world and the birth of a newglobal order China will dominate the world culturallyand politically as well as economically [China, thenew America?]

the way to/from (Asia) China passes through the BlackSea (Area) the new Silk Road by contemporarymeans


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What (where) is the Black Sea Area ?

more than the geographical Black Sea shores IN BETWEEN the two macro-spaces BELONGING TO BOTH macro-spaces

Asias economic growth results in increase interest inEurope Asia comes to Europe The strategic position of the Black Sea Area the first

strip of European land conquered by Asia in the global

fight for the World supremacy The Black Sea the new EU border (2007) Threats, Challenges, Opportunities; Why the Black Sea Area should not turn itself into a black hole .


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Black Sea Area and the EU strategic

importance since RO+BG accession (2007) eastern border for the enlarged EU (future Schengen border )

a door for immigration, criminality, terrorism, other threats (i.e.frozen conflicts in the region; playground for military maritime

forces, including the US Navy) huge market for EU exports (i.e. Turkey, more than 50% of

imports are coming from EU countries)

crossroad for oil-pipeline routes (Nabucco and SouthStream projects)

EU Neighbourhood Policy the Black Sea Synergy


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Migration flowsin the Black Sea Area


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migrants economic engine in every region of theworld, as foreign workers fit unmet demand; a increasing role of international migration for the Asia [China] growth?

labour migration and economic development nexus remittances the largest source of income for many

developing countries

Eurasias development labour migration

The increase of Asias economic attraction:

the migration issue


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increase in Asias development results in increase in labourmigration flows to Asia labour follows capital and goods in absolute numbers, largest concentration of immigrants is in Europe,followed by Asia and North America Black Sea Area crossroad of migration flows (capital, goods, people)

new trend: feminization of migration ; human trafficking isone of the most profitable transnational crime (forced

migration is a component of feminization of migration) from Asia to Europe, but also from Europe to Asia countries from the Black Sea Area well represented in the

transnational crime / human trafficking


the migration issue


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migrants returning home ? historical, the European population is said to be a result of Asia Europe

migration . Currently the Asia Europe flux still continues

a future strong Europe Asia migration stream should be recorded? Raveinsteins (1885) migration laws revised? even in case of countries of dispersion / population to spare for other countries,

there takes place an inflow of migrants across that border furthest away from the great centres of absorption

each main current of migration produce a compensating counter current

An open question: may be the contrary flow considered as return ,over the history?

Sila i, Pirtea, Simina From the Strawberry Jam to the Sushi-bar : Romanian Migration in the Context of AsiasIncreasing Economic Role (Beijing, 2010)


the migration issue


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Sila i, Talpo , Simina Romania: A Bridge between BlackSea Area and the European Union 19


migration and more threats, criminality, terrorism terrorist threat (from) the Middle East, Cen. Asia the organized crime attempt to enter Europe

from Asia (including through the Black Sea Area)

discovery of oil deposits in the Caspian Sea great strategic importance of the area the global fight forresources

eastward expansion of the globalization ( China)

fair reasons for NATO, EU and other Occidental entities more or less close to the region to pay attention tothe Black Sea Area


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A ghost is haunting the World the ghost of (global)terrorism during the XIX-XX centuries, the specter of communism was

haunting the Europe ; is the history written by same actors? in the XXI century, the global actors guard the borders to stop

the terrorism threat. Can ( really ) the terrorism to be stopped byborder guards at the external EU frontier (land or sea)?

A border stops IMMIGRANTS (and migration), not (real) terrorists!

Russia the same space, with different names for former URSS countries a nearby foreign country (policy of

domination); influence of attitudes for migration / main attraction for the EU the new Neighborhood, where Union values to beexported (incentives for growth for EU products demand?) andwhere the would-be (e)migrants to be stacked maintainingmigrants outside the EU space of welfare


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The Black Sea Area - the middle of contemporary World connection of the two macro-spaces northern and southern Europe meet at the

Black Sea the confluence of all major power centres neighborhood with the Caspian Sea area

the 3 rd great world petroliferous area control, exploration, transport of energy/resources a main debate subject with the European Union


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The Black Sea Area is more and moreimportant for its role: playground for confrontation of the two

contrary tendencies

Attraction of the European Union features (freedom, justice, security, welfare)

Increasing of Asias economy


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Romania andthe Black Sea Area


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The Black Sea is part of the Romanian security space

Freedom of access through the Bosporus andDardanelles straits, control of the Danube Delta and thefree circulation on the Danube are factors that guaranteethe Romanian connection with both Europe and the

planetary ocean, commercial prosperity, and especiallyindependence and sovereignty

History reveals that when the Black Sea was closed,

dominated by one power, Romania was dominated bythat power, while Pontic open space was associated withperiods of prosperity


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Romania's position at the edge of the European

Union is a a thumbnail image of the Black Sea a point of intersection of cultures, geopolitical areasand trade routes place where the Central Europe meets the Balkan Peninsula,

and respectively the Middle East border between the Orthodox world and the Catholic -Occidental one, respective the Christian religion and Islam

the buffer zone between

the Slavs and Western European nations the European Union and Russia empires and many other nations (from historically point of

view)


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Romania situated in Black Sea area, is meant tocounteract the attraction of Euro-Atlantic space(freedom, security, justice and welfare pull factors) forthe Euroasian population (labour)

the economic growth of Asia's provides support for theRomanias role which comes from European Member

status to counter migration flows from Asia (via BlackSea Area) i.e. a recorded decrease of illegal migration influx of Bangladeshi

and Indians at the Romanian borders few years ago was related not to the enforcement of the border but with the decision of

United Emirates (Dubai) to invite migrant labourers from India and neighbouring countries 80% of the Dubai population is formed by (legal) immigrants of Sri Lanka, India and Bangladeshi origin


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Romania Instruments to manage migration;strategies, local actors implementation of the newest / most advanced EU

requirements in the field regional cooperation, strong commitment and

involvement in the EU policies in the Black Sea Area ; own initiatives related to the space

Better managing or REAL UNDERSTANDING? A Told Story the Moldova Republic faces the

same experiences as Romania on its way to theEU accession and integration mass labour (e)migration, distortions on the labour

market, need of import of labour forces


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Conclusion labour flows in the Black Sea Area

Changing of economic [and political] world powercentres influences the labour migration patterns in theBlack Sea Area - labour vs. capital/goods Eurasia attracts with the growing economy labour

(population) cannot drive against economic trends the reverse influx of migration the Age of return migration?

Romania the EU country with strategic interest in theDanube-Black Sea region Pooling and sharing experiences migration

management framework and development told stories Relation between Asias growth and Romanias role in

guarding EU against the migration threat: the need of EU economic development (including migration) vs.

the electoral debate in the major EU countries (2012)?


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West University of Timi oara (UVT), Romania

Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence

Timioara Center for Migration and Mobility Studies

Thank you for your attention!

Prof. Grigore SILA I, Jean Monnet Professor,West University of Timi oara

Prof. Ioan TALPO , Rector, West University ofTimioara Ovidiu Laurian SIMINA , PhD student, Timi oara

Center for Migration and Mobility Studies (UVT) / Ministry of Administration and Interior*

* Contact: [email protected]

Silasi Talpos Simina - Shizuoka Paper

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