SIDE (IRT 3930) - lr.ttu.ee · PDF fileSIDE (IRT 3930) Loeng 4/2012 Sidekanalite kasutus ......
Transcript of SIDE (IRT 3930) - lr.ttu.ee · PDF fileSIDE (IRT 3930) Loeng 4/2012 Sidekanalite kasutus ......
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Signaalid 121
SIDE (IRT 3930)
Loeng 4/2012
Sidekanalite kasutus
Teema - signaalid
Avo Ots telekommunikatsiooni õppetool,
TTÜ raadio- ja sidetehnika inst.
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Signaalid 122
Analoog- digitaalliides
t
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Signaalid 123
Sagedusmultipleksimine
A
B
P
P
f
f
f
P
A B
300 3400
48000 52000
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Spektri analüüs
124
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Mõõteriista ekraanil
125
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Absoluutne ja relatiivne (suhteline)
126
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Spectrum Analyzer
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Spectrum Analyzer – What you get
Synthesized with processor
Analog / Storage CRT
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Signaalid 129
Kirchhoff’i esimene seadus
• Kirchhoff’i vooluseadus
N
n
n ti1
0)(
sõlm
1i
2i
3i
0321 iii
321 iii
1i
2i
3i
Gustav Kirchhoff
(1824 – 1887)
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Signaalid 130
• Järjestiklülitus
Voolude väärtused
A
B
C
Ai
Bi
Ci
1N
2N
BA iiN :1
CB iiN :2
CBA iii
Ai 2
A3
?i
A1A2
A3
A1
A2
A2A4
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Signaalid 131
• Kirchhoff’i pingeseadus
• Näide
Kirchhoff’i teine seadus
N
n
n tv1
0)(
loop 1 loop 2
1
5
3
9 + _
+
+
+ _
_
3
12
4
+
+
+ _
_
_ _
(voolu)ring 3
09351 :1 Loop VVVV 054123 :2 Loop VVVV
09341231 :3 g(Voolu)rin VVVVVV
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Signaalid 132
• Ohm’s Law
• Ohm’i seadus voolu vaates
• Võimsus resistoril
Ohm’i seadus
Rtitu )( )(
V
I R
R
+ _
)(tu
)(ti
Gtti )(u )(
R
tuRtitutitp
)()()( )( )(
22
u(t)
i(t)
Georg Ohm
(1789 – 1854)
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Signaalid 133
Summary: Ohm & Power Law
U
RI
P
IRI
P
PR
U
PR
UR
P
I
U
2I
P
P
U 2
IU
RI 2
R
U 2
IRV :seadus iOhm'
IUP :Võimsus
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Signaalid 134
Tühis ja lühis
1
Zo
Zo r
0
Zo Zo
Zo Zo r
1 0
0
Zo
Zo r
Vs
Zs Zo Zo
A: Terminated in Zo
Vs
Zs Zo
B: Short Circuit
Vs
Zs Zo
C: Open Circuit
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Signaalid 135
Erinevad liinid
Two-wire
Coaxial
Microstrip
Triplate
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Signaalid 136
Aegmultiplekseerimine
A A
D D
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Signaalid 137
Aegmultipleksimine
t
D
C
B
A
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Signaalid 138
Järjekordade moodustamine
fabric
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Signaalid 139
Raadiokanalid (1)
f
P
t
CDMA (UMTS, WLAN)
Kanali samm: 5 MHz
Modulatsioon: DSSS
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Signaalid 140
Raadiokanalid (2)
Tihendus: FDMA TDMA
Kanali samm: 25 kHz 200 kHz
Modulatsioon: FSK PSK
f
P
t
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Signaalid 141
Multipleksimine
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Signaalid 142
Raadioressurss (UMTS tarvis)
20 (35) MHz for TDD
2 * 60 MHz for FDD
UMTS satellite
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250
20 20 60 30 15 30
DECT
MHz
GSM 1800 UMTS FDD
UMTS TDD
60
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Signaalid 143
Mobiilne terminal
Wireless Broadband Mobile Broadband
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Signaalid 144
100K
bit/s
1M
2M
100M
10M
10 1500 m 50
Bluetooth
Mobiilside
802.11a (n) 5 GHz
20M (avalik)
WLAN
WCDMA
802.11 g (b) 2.4 GHz
20 200 PAN WLAN linnavõrgud
An
dm
es
ide
kii
rus
GSM
Raadioliides
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Signaalid 145
Kiirused
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Signaalid 146
Järjestikused sõlmed...
sisend
väljund
sisendväljund
P
PdB
KKK
KKK
PKKP
lg10 1
lglglg 21
21
21
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Signaalid 147
Sumbuvus ja võimendus
A B
16 dB
Attenuation
Amplification
20 db
10 dB
Attenuation
400mW
10 mW
1000 mW
100 mW
16 10400
10
2
logP
dB
dBP
10log1020 2
10
dBP2
10
1000log1010
Sumbuvus kokku = 6 dB
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Signaalid 148
Shannoni valemi näide
müra
väljund
U
U
N
S
müra
väljund
P
P
N
S
?56 N
S
s
kbitC
1
N
SldwC
655362102422562 16108
dB 53 1022621442 518
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Signaalid 149
Liidesed - standardid
1980 1990s 2000
Vo
lum
e
Ethernet
2010
GSM
CDMA
OFDM
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Signaalid 150
Adaptive PHY
(burst-by-burst adaptively)
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Signaalid 151
IEEE 802.11 standardid
802.11s ESS Mesh
Mobility and Inter-working
802.11 802.11a/b/g/h/e/i
802.11 AP Functional
Description 802.11k
Radio Resource Measurements
802.11r Fast BSS Transition
802.11 WNM Radio Resource Management
802.11 WIEN Interworking with External Networks
802.21 Media-Independent
Handover
Released standards
Standards in progress
Recently started
Being defined
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Signaalid 152
Raadio AP iga tänavanurgal…
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Signaalid 153
“Free space loss”
Optical line of sight Otsenähtavus
hd 57.3
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Signaalid 154
Free Space Loss
• Free space loss, ideal isotropic antenna
• Pt = signal power at transmitting antenna
• Pr = signal power at receiving antenna
• = carrier wavelength
• d = propagation distance between antennas
• c = speed of light ( 3 10 8 m/s)
where d and are in the same units (e.g., meters)
2
2
2
244
c
fdd
P
P
r
t
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Signaalid 155
GSM 900 (1800) tüüp-parameetrid
• UP 890 … 915 MHz, (1710 ... 1785)
DOWN 935 .. 960 MHz (1805 … 1880)
• duplekseristus 45 MHz, (95)
• kanali ribalaius 200 KHz
• Bitikiirus kanalis 270.833 kbit/sek
• Kanaleid 124 (...374)
• Pöördus TDMA/FDD • ARFCN
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Signaalid 156
Struktuuri areng
Internet
Overlay
Collaboration competition
X1
X2
Z2
Z1
Y2
Y1 a12
a21
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Signaalid 157
Residential
Modem Business
Modem Portable
Modem
Management System Network
Planning
Base
Station
Võrgutöö
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Signaalid 158
Kanalit mõjutavad
Multiplikatiivne Aditiivne müra
mõjutus
X +
X X +
Viide / “käiguvahe”
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Signaalid 159
End-to-End
source dest
Edukas ülekanne: (1-p)n,
Paketikadu: k - k*(1-p)n
Kao tõenäosus p [%]
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Signaalid 160
Lõpulingid (4) http://www.ericsson.com/
http://www.nokia.com/
http://www.siemens.com/
http://www.alcatel.com/
http://www.intel.com/
http://www.alvarion.com/
http://www.afar.net/rf-link-budget-calculator/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon%E2%80%93Har
tley_theorem