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Shulamite Je
1
Shroud Shushau THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA 314 I! . I' a prominent man's attire is added the tallit he wore at prayers, but with the fringes removed or cut. The shroud, as being a garment for the dead and not for the living, is not subject to the law con- cerning mixed material (= "sha'atnez "; Kil. ix. 4). Prior to the destruction of the Second Temple, the Jews were buried in the garments they were wont to wearduring life. AVhen the woman of En- dor saw the prophet Samuel rise from the grave he was covered with a mantle (I Sam. xxviii. 14), the same he had worn when living (Lev. R. xx vi. 7). The poor, however, were probably swathed like the Egyp- tian dead, as the term " takrikin" seems to indi- cate. Later the attire of the corpse became more elaborate. The rich grew very extravagant, in this respect, securing fanciful and costly garments, and establishing a custom which became a burden upon mourners of the middle and poorer classes, who could ill endure the expense and } T et desired to show the highest respect for their dead. This caused K. Gamaliel, about fifty years after the destruction of the Temple, to inaugurate the custom of using a simple linen shroud for rich and poor alike (M. K. 27b). One who dies as a result of an act of violence, or in consequence of loss of blood, or a woman who dies in confinement, must be buried in the bloody garments worn at the time of death, and not in a shroud. This custom is based on the view that the last, drops of blood, the loss of which is the immediate cause of death, are part of the body, and as such require burial; and since the}' can not be removed from the garments, these must go into the grave. But one who is killed by drowning or hang- ing, without loss of blood, is buried in the usual way, as is also one who is injured, loses blood, but partially recovers, though he dies later as a result of the injury (Shulhan 'Aruk, Yoreh De'ah, 864). Bven where the cor'pse is buried with the garments it is" covered with a white sheet (ib.). The shroud is figuratively termed "zevvada" (pro- vision for a journey; Ket. 67b); and by many it was prepared during their own lifetime, before ill health and age had overtaken them (Men. 41a; see Rashi). Several reasons are advanced for this ("Shelah,"p. 145a, Amsterdam, 1698). See also BURIAL; SAR- GENES. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Modena, Ma'abar Yablmk, ii. 32, III. 13; Lewysohn, Mekitre Mlnhcmim, p. 85; Landshuth, Seder Bik- kur Holim, Introduction, 8 23, Berlin, 18G7. A. ' J. D. E. SHULAMITE (li. V. Shulammite; Greek, Sowa/uTig): Principal character in the Song of Songs (A. V. Song of Solomon), although mentioned there in one passage only (vii. 1 [A. V. vi. 13]). Accord- ing to the opinion of some modern critics, the Shu- lamite was the bride of a shepherd; but her beauty kindled in Solomon a violent passion, and ho en- deavored to win her for his harem. As to the ety- mology of the name, it would seem that it means "a native of Shulem," which place, according to Eusebius ("Onomasticon," s.v.), is identical with SHUNKM. This view is supported by the Greek version (see above), which evidently was made from a Hebrew text having rVDJIB' instjad of Jvobw. On the theory that the term " Shulamite " is equiva- lent to "Shunammite," some critics have gone so far as to identify the Shulamite with ABISIIAG, who after David's death became prominent in the court of Jerusalem (see SONG OF SONGS). J. M. SEL. SHULHAN 'ARUK. See CARO, JOSEPH. SHULLAM, SAMUEL : Jewish physician and historian; flourished in the second half of the six- teenth century. Ho was of Spanish descent, aud after an adventurous life went to Constantinople, where he was supported by KIEUA (Esther), who stood high in favor at the court of the sultan. At her expense he published, but with many omissions, Zacuto's " Yuhasin " (Constantinople, 1566), to which ho added the Arabic chronology of the dynasties by the Syriac historian GREGORY BAR HEBR/EUS, sup- plemented by a Turkish history, his own work. He published also: a Hebrew translation of Josephus' "' Contra Apioncm "; the Letter of Sherira Gaon; and the account of Nathan the Babylonian of the last geonim. Shullam omitted Zacuto's report upon the expulsion of the Jews from Spain, because he him- self intended to write a full history of the persecu- tions, a task that was accomplished by his contem- porary Joseph ha-Kohen in his "'Emek ha-Baka." BIBLIOGRAPHY : Gratz, Gesch. 2d ed., ix. 403-401; Weiss, Dor, v. 93-94. r>. S. MAN. SHULMAN, NAPHTALI HERZ: Russian Hebrew author; born at Stary By chow; died at Amsterdam about 1830. He edited Mussafia's " Zeker Rab " (Shklov, 1797), with an index of the words to be found in the Bible, a translation of them into Ju- da3o-German, and grammatical notes; and " Shir we- Hallel" (in Hebrew, Russian, and German; Wilna, 1806), hymn sung by the Jews of Wilna on the birth- day of the grand duchess Elizabeth Alexandrowna, Nov. 19, 1806. BIBLIOGRAPHY II. R. Zeltlln, Biol. Post-MendeU. p. 355. A. S. W. SHUMAN, ABRAHAM : American merchant and philanthropist; born in Prussia May 31, 1839. While still a child he accompanied his parents to the United States. The family settled in Newburgh, N. Y., where young Shuman, when not at school, worked on a farm until he was thirteen years old, at which age he entered the clothing business. In 1859 he went to Boston and began business for him- self at the corner of Washington and Vernon streets, Roxbury; and a few years afterward he entered into partnership with John Phillips, under the firm name of Phillips & Shuman (later A. Shuman & Co.). It was the pioneer firm in the United States in the manufacture and wholesaling of children's clothing. Shuman is connected with many ofthe leading in- stitutions of Boston. He is the first vice-president of the Boston Merchants' Association, a member of the boards of directors of the Colonial National Bank and the United States Trust Company, president of the board of directors of the Boston City Hospital (which has attained its present magnitude and repu- tation tinder his administration), a trustee of the Ben- jamin Franklin Fund, a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company and of many social
description
Shulamite Jewish Encyclopedia entry
Transcript of Shulamite Je
Shroud Shushau THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA 314
I! . I'
a prominent man's attire is added the tallit he wore at prayers, but with the fringes removed or cut. The shroud, as being a garment for the dead and not for the living, is not subject to the law concerning mixed material (= "sha'atnez "; Kil. ix. 4).
Prior to the destruction of the Second Temple, the Jews were buried in the garments they were wont to wearduring life. AVhen the woman of En-dor saw the prophet Samuel rise from the grave he was covered with a mantle (I Sam. xxviii. 14), the same he had worn when living (Lev. R. xx vi. 7). The poor, however, were probably swathed like the Egyptian dead, as the term " takrikin" seems to indicate. Later the attire of the corpse became more elaborate. The rich grew very extravagant, in this respect, securing fanciful and costly garments, and establishing a custom which became a burden upon mourners of the middle and poorer classes, who could ill endure the expense and }Tet desired to show the highest respect for their dead. This caused K. Gamaliel, about fifty years after the destruction of the Temple, to inaugurate the custom of using a simple linen shroud for rich and poor alike (M. K. 27b).
One who dies as a result of an act of violence, or in consequence of loss of blood, or a woman who dies in confinement, must be buried in the bloody garments worn at the time of death, and not in a shroud. This custom is based on the view that the last, drops of blood, the loss of which is the immediate cause of death, are part of the body, and as such require burial; and since the}' can not be removed from the garments, these must go into the grave. But one who is killed by drowning or hanging, without loss of blood, is buried in the usual way, as is also one who is injured, loses blood, but partially recovers, though he dies later as a result of the injury (Shulhan 'Aruk, Yoreh De'ah, 864). Bven where the cor'pse is buried with the garments it is" covered with a white sheet (ib.).
The shroud is figuratively termed "zevvada" (provision for a journey; Ket. 67b); and by many it was prepared during their own lifetime, before ill health and age had overtaken them (Men. 41a; see Rashi). Several reasons are advanced for this ("Shelah,"p. 145a, Amsterdam, 1698). See also BURIAL; SAR-GENES. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Modena, Ma'abar Yablmk, ii. 32, III. 13;
Lewysohn, Mekitre Mlnhcmim, p. 85; Landshuth, Seder Bikkur Holim, Introduction, 8 23, Berlin, 18G7. A. ' J. D. E. SHULAMITE (li. V. Shulammite; Greek,
Sowa/uTig): Principal character in the Song of Songs (A. V. Song of Solomon), although mentioned there in one passage only (vii. 1 [A. V. vi. 13]). According to the opinion of some modern critics, the Shu-lamite was the bride of a shepherd; but her beauty kindled in Solomon a violent passion, and ho endeavored to win her for his harem. As to the etymology of the name, it would seem that it means "a native of Shulem," which place, according to Eusebius ("Onomasticon," s.v.), is identical with SHUNKM. This view is supported by the Greek version (see above), which evidently was made from a Hebrew text having rVDJIB' instjad of Jvobw. On the theory that the term " Shulamite " is equiva
lent to "Shunammite," some critics have gone so far as to identify the Shulamite with ABISIIAG, who after David's death became prominent in the court of Jerusalem (see SONG OF SONGS).
J. M. SEL.
SHULHAN 'ARUK. See CARO, JOSEPH.
SHULLAM, SAMUEL : Jewish physician and historian; flourished in the second half of the sixteenth century. Ho was of Spanish descent, aud after an adventurous life went to Constantinople, where he was supported by KIEUA (Esther), who stood high in favor at the court of the sultan. At her expense he published, but with many omissions, Zacuto's " Yuhasin " (Constantinople, 1566), to which ho added the Arabic chronology of the dynasties by the Syriac historian GREGORY BAR HEBR/EUS, supplemented by a Turkish history, his own work. He published also: a Hebrew translation of Josephus' "' Contra Apioncm "; the Letter of Sherira Gaon; and the account of Nathan the Babylonian of the last geonim. Shullam omitted Zacuto's report upon the expulsion of the Jews from Spain, because he himself intended to write a full history of the persecutions, a task that was accomplished by his contemporary Joseph ha-Kohen in his "'Emek ha-Baka." BIBLIOGRAPHY : Gratz, Gesch. 2d ed., ix. 403-401; Weiss, Dor,
v. 93-94. r>. S. MAN.
SHULMAN, NAPHTALI HERZ: Russian Hebrew author; born at Stary By chow; died at Amsterdam about 1830. He edited Mussafia's " Zeker Rab " (Shklov, 1797), with an index of the words to be found in the Bible, a translation of them into Ju-da3o-German, and grammatical notes; and " Shir we-Hallel" (in Hebrew, Russian, and German; Wilna, 1806), hymn sung by the Jews of Wilna on the birthday of the grand duchess Elizabeth Alexandrowna, Nov. 19, 1806. BIBLIOGRAPHY
II. R. Zeltlln, Biol. Post-MendeU. p. 355.
A. S. W. SHUMAN, ABRAHAM : American merchant
and philanthropist; born in Prussia May 31, 1839. While still a child he accompanied his parents to the United States. The family settled in Newburgh, N. Y., where young Shuman, when not at school, worked on a farm until he was thirteen years old, at which age he entered the clothing business. In 1859 he went to Boston and began business for himself at the corner of Washington and Vernon streets, Roxbury; and a few years afterward he entered into partnership with John Phillips, under the firm name of Phillips & Shuman (later A. Shuman & Co.). It was the pioneer firm in the United States in the manufacture and wholesaling of children's clothing.
Shuman is connected with many ofthe leading institutions of Boston. He is the first vice-president of the Boston Merchants' Association, a member of the boards of directors of the Colonial National Bank and the United States Trust Company, president of the board of directors of the Boston City Hospital (which has attained its present magnitude and reputation tinder his administration), a trustee of the Benjamin Franklin Fund, a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company and of many social
