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A~ {dÎm _§Ìmc` Am¡a [aμOd© ~¢H$ Zo Xmo _wÔo CR>mE h¢ - nhcm, H$am|_| Ny>Q> H$s dOh go hmoZo dmco amOñd H$m ZwH$gmZ& [aμOd© ~¢H$ H$mAZw_mZ h¡ {H$ SEZ n[a`moOZmAm| _| Xr OmZo dmcr H$a gpãgS>r Ho$H$maU 2010 VH$ Xoe H$mo 1,60,000 H$amo‹S> ê$n o H$m ZwH$gmZ hmo MwH$mhmoJm& Xygam _wÔm h¡ {H$ O~ {H$gr ^r Eogo úmoÌ H$m 65% {hñgm J¡aAm¡Úmo{JH$ Cn`moJ, O¡go {H$ _Zmoa§OZ Ed§ y-g§n{V {Z_m©U, Ho$ {cE hmogH$Vm h¡ Vmo Eogo _| EgB©μOoS "ar`c EñQo>Q'> {~μOZog _| ~Xc gH$Vo h¢&{dÎm _§Ìmc` Zo `h Zht hmo Eogm gw{ZpíMV H$aZo Ho$ {cE gm\$-gm\$

[aμOd© ~¢H$ H$mAZw_mZ h¡ {H$EgB©μOoSn[a`moOZmAm| _|Xr OmZo dmcr H$agpãgS>r Ho$ H$maU2010 VH$ XoeH$mo 1,60,000H$amo‹S> ê$n o H$mZwH$gmZ hmo MwH$mhmoJm&

26

{dH$mgerc Xoem| _|,AmB©Q>r godmAm| _|

AmE CN>mc gogaH$ma Bg hH$sH$V

H$mo yc ahr h¡ {H$Bgr Xm¡a _| _mcCËnmXH$ joÌm| _|amoμOJma _| ^mar

{JamdQ> AmB© h¡ hr,gmW hr Bg joÌ _|

CËnmX ~‹T>mZo Ho$ à{VCXmgrZVm ~‹T>

ahr h¡&

{Xem-{ZX©oe XoZo na μOmoa {X`m Wm&6

Bgr Vah H$s Ame§H$mE± AÝ` ~¢H$m| H$s ^r h¢, Omo EgB©μOoSn[a`moOZmAm| H$mo V~ VH$ CYma Zht XoZm MmhVo O~ VH$ {H$ “g~Hw$N>gm\$” (BZ {Zdoem| H$s Am{W©H$ pñWaVm) Zht hmo OmVm& ^maV _| ar`cEñQo>Q> _| ~‹S>m {Zdoe H$aZo dmco ~¢H$m| _| go EH$, Am`.gr.Am`.gr Am`.~¢H$ Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ dh ""EgB©μOoS _| {Zdoe H$aZo _| gmdYZr ~aVZmMmhVr h¡&''

EgB©μOoS _| gyMZm àmoÚmo{JH$aU Ho$pÝX«V {dH$mg

EgB©μOoS _| gyMZm àmoÚmo{JH$s g§~§{YV n[a`moOZmAm| H$s ~hþVm`VhmoZo go ^r ~hþV gr qMVmE± n¡Xm hþB© h¢& {dH$mgerc Xoem| _|, AmB©Q>rgodmAm| _| AmE CN>mc go gaH$ma Bg hH$sH$V H$mo yc ahr h¡ {H$ BgrXm¡a _| _mc CËnmXH$ joÌm| (Manufacturing sector) _| amoμOJma _| ^mar{JamdQ> Vmo AmB© hr, gmW hr Bg joÌ _| CËnmX ~‹T>mZo Ho$ à{V CXmgrZVm~‹T> ahr h¡& Bg Vah Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo Om°~cog J«moW qgS´>mo_ (amoOJmahrZd¥Õr) H$hVo h¢& AmB©Q>r godmE± Ho$dc Bg{cE gH$mamË_H$ _mhm¡c ~ZmVrh¡ Š`m|{H$ `hr AHo$cm joÌ h¡ Ohm± amoOμJma VoμOr go ~‹T> ahm h¡& na `hd¥{Õ, N>moQo> go _Ü`_ dJ© H$mo N>mo‹S> μÁ`mXmVa Am~mXr Ho$ {cE H$moB© _m`ZoZhr aIVr h¡&7

~¢Jcmoa Am¡a nwUo O¡go eham| _| {nN>co nm±M gmcm| _| IT joÌ H$m{dH$mg hþAm h¡, na eha Ho$ rVa AcJ-AcJ dJmoª _| {df_Vm H$sdOh go ~hþV-gr gm_m{OH$ g_ñ`mE± C^a H$a AmB© h¢& OwcmB© 2005Am¡a 06 Ho$ ~rM nwUo _| _§hJmB© (J«mhH$ _yë` gyMH$m§H$) _| 8% H$s

Am¡a ~¢Jcmoa _| 7% H$s ~‹T>moVar hþB©& Bggo nwUo O¡go eham| _|

O_rZ H$s H$s_Vm| Am¡a ZE {Z_m©U _| ^r Oμ~aXñV CN>mc {XImB©{X`m h¡& Am{IaH$ma BgH$m ^ma eha Ho$ _yc yV gw{dYmAm| nanS>μVm h¡ Ÿ& BZ gw{dYmAm| {H$ H$_r go C^ar g_ñ`mAm| go _hmZJa~ZZo na Vwco o XmoZm| eha nr{‹S>V h¢& {OZ amÁ`m| _| o eha h¢, dog~go μÁ`mXm EgB©μOoS> _§Oya H$aZo dmco amÁ`m| _| go h¢&(òmoV - A^` d¡Ú, Q>mBåg Am°°\$ B§{S>`m, - grEgAmo)

27

_hmamï´>, n§Om~,h[a`mUm, CÎman«Xoe, Am§Y«n«Xoe, npíM_~§Jmc BZ g^ramÁ`m| _|EgB©μOoS Ho$ {cEA{YJ«{hV H$sOmZo dmcrÁ`mXmVa μO_rZCnOmD$ H¥${fH$s μO_rZ| h¡&

II. O_rZ H$m gdmc

^maV Am¡a MrZ O¡go Xoem| _| Am¡Úmo{JH$ n[a`moOZmAm| Ho$ {cEJ«m_rU BcmH$m| _| ~‹So> n¡_mZo na IoVr H$s μO_rZ Ho$ A{YJ«hU go hþB©{H$gmZm| H$s ~oXIcr H$m _wÔm J§ ra ahm h¡&

A~ VH$ _§Oya cJ^J 400 EgB©μOoS> n[a`moOZmAm| Ho$ {cE(Am¡nMm[aH$ ê$n go Am¡a {gÕm§V ê$n _| _§Oya XmoZm| Vah Ho$) H$ar~1,25,000 hoŠQo>`a μO_rZ coZo H$m AZw_mZ h¡& _hmamï´>, n§Om~,h[a`mUm, CÎma n«Xoe, Am§Y« n«Xoe, npíM_ ~§Jmc BZ g^r amÁ`m| _|EgB©μOoS> Ho$ {cE A{YJ«{hV H$s OmZo dmcr Á`mXmVa μO_rZ CnOmD$H¥${f H$s μO_rZ| h¡& BZ μO_rZm| Ho$ OmZo go cmIm| H$s g§»`m _| {H$gmZm|H$s AmOr{dH$m na Jham n« md n‹S>Zo dmcm h¡&

AmO μO_rZ Ho$ Aì`dpñWV Am¡a _Z_mZo VarHo$ go A{YJ«hU Ho${damoY _| O~aXñV OZ AmH«««$moe CR> I‹S>m hþAm h¡& {OgHo$ nrNo> Ho$_w»` gdmc h¡§–

• O~aZ {H$`m Om ahm y-A{YJ«hU… Z§XrJ«m_ (n. ~§Jmc) Am¡aH$mH$sZm‹S>m (Am§Y« n«Xoe) H$m CXmhaU VmμOm h¡&

• gñVo Xm_ _| {H$gmZm| H$mo ~oXIc Am¡a {dñWm{nV H$aZo H$sH$mo{ee Am¡a Am{O{dH$m H$mo IË_ H$aZm

• _wAmdμOo Ed§ nwZdm©g H$m {ZVm§V A^md Am¡a

• ~‹So> {ZOr Am¡Úmo{JH$ KamZm| H$mo ~‹S>r _mÌm _| μO_rZ XoZm

{damoYm| H$mo XoIVo hþE, {gV§~a 2006 _|, H$m±J«og AÜ`j gmo{Z`mJm§Yr Zo {deof Am{W©H$ joÌ (EgB©μOoS>) n[a`moOZmAm| Ho$ {cE IoVr H$sμO_rZ A{YJ«{hV H$aZo na qMVm μOm{ha H$s& BgHo$ Vwa§V ~mX H|$Ðr`dm{UÁ` _§Ìr Zo h‹S>~‹S>mhQ> _| H$B© ~`mZ Am¡a {ZX©oe Omar {H$E, ImgVm¡ana amÁ` gaH$mam| H$mo “EgB©μOoS Ho$ {cE IoVr H$s μO_rZ A{YJ«{hVH$aZo _| gmdYmZr ~aVZo Am¡a BZ joÌm| H$mo naVr μO_rZ (waste land)

na ~ZmZ'' H$s ~mV H$hr&

28

Xygam ~`mZ Omo dm{UÁ` _§Ìr AŠga XmohamVo aho h¢, dh h¡ amÁ` gaH$mam| H$mo A{YJ«hU H$sà{H«$`m go Xya ahZo H$s μOê$aV Am¡a Bg_| em{_c njm|, ImgH$a {H$gmZm| Am¡a EgB©μOoS Ho$“{dH$mgH$Îmm©” H$mo Amng _| gm¡Xm H$aZo XoZm&

EH$ Q>rdr M¡Zc na Hw$N> g_` nhco hþE B§Q>aì y _| lr H$_cZmW go O~ ~‹So> n¡_mZo na μO_rZHo$ A{YJ«hU H$s ~mV H$s JB© Vmo CÝhm|Zo `h VH©$ XoH$a Bgo Im[aO H$a {X`m {H$ “`{X CÚmoJ H$moI‹S>m hmoZm h¡ Vmo dh nmZr `m hdm _| I‹S>m Zht hmo gH$Vm, dh Vmo μO_rZ na hr hmoJm”& `h~X{H$ñ_Vr h¡ {H$ BZ D±$Mo nXm| na ~¡Ro> OZ à{V{Z{Y AmO maV O¡go Xoe _| μO_rZr dmñV{dH$VmAm|Am¡a _m¡OyXm H$mZyZm| H$mo g_Po {~Zm “μO_rZ” Am¡a BgHo$ “A{YJ«hU” O¡go _wÔm| na ~mV H$a aho h¢&

H$mZyZ Am¡a μO_rZr hH$sH$V H$m A§V{d©amoμY{deof Am{W©H$ joÌ na ~Zm H|$Ðr` H$mZyZ μO_rZ Ho$ A{YJ«hU Ho$ _wÔo na Im_moe h¡&

VmÁOw~ hmoVm h¡ {H$ O~ `h ~hþV hr gm\$ h¡ {H$ n[a`moOZm μO_rZ na hr I‹S>r hmoJr Vmo EgB©μOoSH$mZyZ Ho$ nyao XñVmdoμO _| μO_rZ Ho$ A{YJ«hU' {H$ à{H«$`m H$m C„oI EH$ ~ma ^r Š`m| Zht Am`mh¡ ?

amÁ` gaH$ma H$s y{_H$m …- My§{H$ g§{dYmZ Ho$ AZwgma μ"O_rZ' amÁ` H$m {df` h¡ Bg{cEHo$ÝX« H$s amÁ` gaH$mam| go `h Anojm h¡ {H$ EgB©μOoS ~ZmZo _| do AmJo ah|& H$B© amÁ`m| _| gaH$mamo§Zo y-A{YJ«hU H$mZyZ 1894 {H$ _XX go μO_rZ boZo H$s à{H«$`m AnZmB© h¡Ÿ& O~ Bg naZH$mamË_ à{V{H«$`m | Am`r§ Vmo dm{UÁ` _§Ìr H$m `h ~`mZ Am¡a ^r Xw m©½`nyU© ahm {H$ amÁ`gaH$mam| H$mo μO_rZ Ho$ A{YJ«hU H$s à{H«$`m go Xya ahZm Mm{hE Am¡a H§$nZr grYo hr {H$gmZm| goμO_rZ H$m gm¡Xm H$ao& μOm{ha h¡ Bg ~`mZ Ho$ gmW H$B© {X¸$V| h¢ Š`mo§{H$ ~mhþ~cr H§$n{Z`m| Ho$gm_Zo {H$gmZ AnZo {hV H$m gm¡Xm H$a nmE§, o _wpíH$c h¡&

Bg n«H$ma h_oem H$s Vah EH$ ~ma {\$a μO_rZ H$m A{YJ«hU Am¡a Bggo hmoZo dmco {dñWmnZHo$ _wÔo na H$moB© H$mZyZr n«{H««$`m E§d g_mYmZ Zht {X`m J`m h¡&

Ho$ÝX« gaH$ma Ho$ A{YH$ma …- g~go _hËdnyU© Vmo `h h¡ {H$ H|$Ðr` H$mZyZ Ho$ AÜ`m` 2 ^mJ4 _| H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ {H$gr ^r EgB©μOoS H$mo A{Yg{yMV H$aZo Ho$ ~mX, `{X H|$Ð gaH$ma H$mo R>rH$cJo, Vmo ~mX _| A{V[aº$ joÌ H$mo Cg EgB©μOoS Ho$ {cE A{Ygy{MV H$a gH$Vr h¡& BgH$m _Vb~{H$ AZw_Vr XoZo Am¡a EgB©μOoS Ho$ {bE {OVZr _μOu μO_rZ A{Ygy{MV H$aZo H$m A{YH$ma H|$ÐgaH$ma Zo AnZr _wÇ>r _o aIm h¡Ÿ&

naVr y{_ H$m BñVo_mc …- _§Ìmc` Zo EgB©μOoS Ho$ {cE A{YJ«{hV H$s Om ahr μO_rZm| Ho$

29

àH$ma H$m H$moB© AZw_mZ hr Zht {H$`m h¡ na `h Oê$a H$hm h¡ {H$ EgB©μOoS IoVr _| BñVo_mc ZhmoZo dmcr μO_rZ na cJ gH$Vo h¡&

^maV _| Eogr y{_ Ho$ J«m_rU BcmH$m| _| Xmo _w»` n«H$ma h¡ O§Jc-dZ y{_ Am¡a naVr y{_&BZ μO_rZm| _| Á`mXmVa {H$gr Z {H$gr Vah H$s dZñn{V dmco O§Jc hmoVo h¡ `m {\$a Mmao dmcrKmg CJVr h¡& XmoZm| hr Jm§d-Ka H$s BªYZ, cH$‹S>r, Mmam O¡gr Oê$aV| nyar H$aVr h¡&

dZm| Ho$ XmohZ Ho$ ZμO[a o go XoI| Vmo AHo$co _hmamï´> _| 3 ~‹So> EgB©μOoS H$m|H$U joÌ _| ~Z ahoh¢ Ohm± nm[apñW{VH$s H$s Ñ{ï> go g§doXZerc "n{ü_r KmQ>' Ho$ O§Jb h¢& H$ht ^r O§Jc H$s μO_rZImoZo go Xoe Ho$ n`m©daU H$mo hmoZo dmco AÀNo>-Imgo ZwH$gmZ H$m H$moB© AmH$cZ n«ñVwV Zht {H$`mJ`m h¡&

naVr ^y{_ - gm_y{hH$ g§gmYZ

BªYZ, Mmam, cH$‹S>r Ho$ Acmdm O§Jc H$s Xygar n¡Xmdmam| H$s μOê$aV| {OZ μO_rZm| go nyar hmoVrh¢ CÝh| `gmPm g§nXm g§gmYZ’ loUr _| aIm Om gH$Vm h¡& {OÝh| ñWmZr` ~mo{c`m| _| MamJmh,Jm¡Ma, n{‹S>V y{_ H$hm OmVm h¡, na gaH$ma {OÝh| “naVr μO_rZ” H$s loUr _| aIVr h¡& h XoeHo$ Hw$c ^m¡Jmo{cH$ joÌ H$m H$ar~ 20% h¡& H$B© amÁ`m| _| BZ μO_rZm| _| IoVr Ho$ cm`H$ ImcrμO_rZ|, Jm`amZ μO_rZ, MmamJmh `m H$_ KZo O§Jc h¢ Omo ñWmZr` J«m_rU AW©ì`dñWm H$mA{^Þ A§J h¢& EH$ AÜ``Z Ho$ AZwgma Jar~ n[admam| H$s Am_XZr _| BZ μO_rZm| H$m moJXmZH$ar~ 12% hmoVm h¡& XaAgc _hmamï>, _Ü` àXoe Am¡a amOñWmZ O¡go amÁ`m| _| newnmcH$g_wXm`m| H$m EH$ ~‹S>m dJ© AnZo OmZda nmcZo Ho$ {cE nyar Vah go BZ μO_rZm| na {Z ©a h¡&

(òmoV : _mZer Aea "S>moÝQ> H$m©b BQ²> doñQ> b°ÊS>' Q>mB©åg Am°\$ B§{S>`m, 12, Aºy$~a 2006)

EH$ Am¡a _hËdnyU© _wÔm `h h¡ {H$ H$B© amÁ`m| _| o naVr μO_rZ| nhco go hr OmoVr Om ahr h¢{OZ na {H$gmZm| H$mo H$mZyZr hH$ {_cZm ~mH$s h¡& Hw$N> _m_cm| _| o μO_rZ| " y-gwYma' H$s à{H«$`m_| "grqcJ' H$s μO_rZ| h¢, {OZna cmoJm| H$mo H$mZyZr H$ãOm A^r VH$ Zht {X`m J`m h¡& _hmamï´> Ho$am`J‹T> {Oμco _|, Ohm± [acm §g EH$ ~hþV ~‹S>m EgB©μOoS ~Zm ahm h¡, H$ar~ 12,000 hoŠQo>`a `Xbr'μO_rZ h¡ {Og na Am{Xdmgr XeH$m| go IoVr H$aVo AmE h¢& μÁ`mXmVa n[admam| H$mo hmcm±{H$ A^rVH$ BZHo$ {Z`{_V hmoZo H$m B§VOμma h¡ My§{H$ `h μO_rZ O§Jc H$s loUr _| AmVr h¢& Bgr go{_cVm-OwcVm _m_cm C‹S>rgm H$m h¡, {OgHo$ OJVqghnwa {Oμco _| Ohm± ~hþamï´>r` nmohm§J ñQ>rcH§$nZr Ho$ EgB©μOoS H$s `moOZm h¡, VH$ar~Z 300 n[admam| H$mo H$mZyZr _m{cH$mZo H$m B§VμOma h¡&

30

Am{Ia _|, H$B© EgB©μOoS Ho$ AmH$ma H$mo XoIVo hþE cJVm h¡ {H$ oH$B©-gm¡ hoŠQo>`a _| \¡$c|Jo& BZHo$ {cE BH$Æo> c§~o-Mm¡‹So> “~oH$ma” μO_rZHo$ Qw>H$‹So> {_cZm _wpíH$c hr hmoJm, ImgH$a V{_cZmSw>, h[a`mUm, C.à.Am¡a _hmamï´> O¡go amÁ`m| _| Ohm± o joÌ Am aho h¢& Bg{cE BÝh| “~oH$ma”μO_rZ na ~ZmZo H$m gaH$ma H$m VH©$ cJ^J Ag§ d h¡&

`h gm\$ h¡ {H$ EgB©μOoS _| “μO_rZ” Ho$ _wÔo na dm{UÁ` _§Ìmc`Zo Xya§Xoer go H$m_ Zht {c`m h¡& Bg _m_co H$s CZ O{Q>cVmAm| Am¡aJ{VercVmAm| H$mo nyar Vah go ZμOaA§XmO {H$`m h¡ {OZHo$ J§ ra n[aUm_Xoe Ho$ J«m_rU g_wXm` Am¡a Am{Iar ~Mo gmPm g§nXm g§gmYZm| nan‹S>Zo dmco h¢&

ZB© nwZd©mg Zr{V H$s KmofUm …- AŠVy~a 4, 2006 H$mo J«m_rU{dH$mg _§Ìmc` Zo g_mMma nÌ _| Zmo{Q>g Omar H$s, {Og_| amï´>r`nwZdm©g Zr{V 2006 Ho$ _gm¡Xo na OZVm H$s {Q>ßn{U`m§/n«{V{H««$`m_m§Jr J`r& n«{V{H««$`m oOZo Ho$ {c o Ho$dc 7 {XZ H$m g_` {X`m J`m&

_§Ìmc` Ûmam Kmo{fV nwZdm©g Zr{V H$m _gm¡Xm Z {g\©$ {deof Am{W©H$joÌm| Ho$ {cE {H$ o OmZo dmco y-A{YJ«hU H$mo AmgmZ ~ZmZo Ho$ {cEgaH$ma H$s H$mo{ee h¡, ~pëH$, OZ g§JR>Zm| Am¡a ~w{ÕOr{d`m| H$mo ^r_gm¡Xm V¡ ma H$aZo H$s n«{H««$`m go ~mha aIZo H$s g{Oe ^r &

OZdar 2007 _| Z§XrJ«m_ _| hþE y-A{YJ«hU H$mo coH$a EgB©μOoSHo$ {Icm\$ {damoY Am¡a qhgH$ P‹S>n Ho$ McVo amÁ` gaH$mam| Ho$ ad¡æ ona CRo> gdmcm| Zo Z {g\©$ npíM_ ~§Jmc H$s _m.H$.nm. gaH$ma na X~md~Zm`m, ~pëH$ H|$X« gaH$ma H$mo ^r EgB©μOoS na nwZ©{dMma H$aZo H$mo

`h gm\$ h¡ {H$“μO_rZ” Ho$ _wÔo nadm{UÁ` _§Ìmc` ZoXya§Xoer go H$m_ Zht{c`m h¡& Bg _m_coH$s CZ O{Q>cVmAm|Am¡a J{VercVmAm|

H$mo nyar Vah goZμOaA§XmO {H$`m h¡

{OZHo$ J§ ran[aUm_ Xoe Ho$

J«m_rU g_wXm` Am¡aAm{Iar ~Mo gmPog§gmYZm| na n‹S>Zo

dmco h¢&

nÅ>m `m _m{cH$mZm Z hmoZo H$s dOh go, Jm±d dmcm| Ho$ nmg gm¡Xo~mμOrH$aZo H$s H$moB© Jw§OmBe Zht h¡ Am¡a o An`m©á `m {~Zm _wAmdμOo Ho${dñWm{nV hmoVoo aho h¢& Eogo _m_cm| _| gaH$ma nwZdm©g na {dMma ^rZht H$aVr h¡&

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{deof Am{W©H$ joÌ Ho$ {cE amï´>r` nwZdm©g Zr{V 2006 8

{nN>co 20 gmcm|§ _| nwZdm©g Zr{V Ho$ H$B© _gm¡Xo AcJ - AcJ _§Ìmc`m| Edo CZH$s ~ZmB©g_r{V`m| Ho$ Ûmam n«ñVwV {H$ o J o& Am¡a ha ~ma OZ g§JR>Zm| Am¡a ~w{ÕOr{d`m| Zo Z {g\©$ BZ_gm¡Xm| na {Q>ßnUr`m§ H$s ~pëH$ d¡H$pënH$ Zr{V H$mo ^r gaH$ma Ho$ gm_Zo Omoa-emoa go aIm &

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33

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34

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36

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43

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45

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46

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47

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48

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_hmamï´>

h[a`mUm hr EH$_mÌ Eogm amÁ` Zht h¡ Ohm± amÁ` gaH$ma go g_W©Z {_cZo Ho$ H$maU[acm §g H$mo OZVm Ho$ {damoY H$m gm_Zm H$aZm n‹S>m hmo& [acm §g, _hmamï>« Ho$ am`J‹T> {Oco _|^maV H$m g~go ~S> μm EgB©μOoS n[a`moOZm ñWm{nV H$aZm MmhVm h¡ {OgHo$ {cE dh cJ^J35,000 EH$‹S> μO_rZ hm{gc H$aoJm& OyZ 2006 Ho$ A§V _| BgH$m {damoY V~ μOmoa nH$‹S>Zo cJmO~ {Ocm àemgZ Zo y{_ Ho$ ApYJ«hU Ho$ {cE Hw$N> Jm±dm| _| Zmo{Q>g {X`m&

49

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50

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51

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52

C‹S>rgm

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BñnmV g§ §Ì Ho$ Acmdm E_Amo y _| o gw{dYmE Xr JB© h¢

1. C‹S>rgm gaH$ma/^maV gaH$ma Ûmam Xr JB© IZZ gw{dYmE± (“IZZ n[a`moOZm”);

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3. B§{Q>J«oQo>S> Q>mCZ{en; Am¡a

4. nmZr H$s gw{dYm (“nmZr H$m n[a`moOZm”)

53

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54

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56

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57

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58

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74

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59 9 amÁ` Am¡Úmo{JH$ {dH$mg {ZJ_ {gnH$m°Q> Am¡Úmo{JH$ 189.77 BboQ´>m°{ZŠg, hmS>©do ajoÌ, lrnoa§~Xwa

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75

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ì`mnm[aH$ J{V{d{Y, H$a ^ma ewëH$ VWm gr_m ewëH$ Am{X _m_cm| _| Bgo {dXoer y-^mJ_mZm Om oJm &

n«. 2 ^maV _| {d.Am.jo. H$h§m - H$h§m h¡ ?C. {\$chmc 8 OJh Eogo {d.Am.jo. H$m`©aV h¡ & {OZ_o gm§VmH«y$O (_hmamîQ´>), H$mo{ÀM

(Ho$ac), H$mÊS>cm Ed§ gyaV (JwOamV), MoÝZB© (V{_cZmSy>), {demImnÅ>Z_² (AmÝY«n«Xoe), \$mëQ>m (npíM_ ~§Jmc), ZmoES>m (CËVan«Xoe) Ed§ BÝXm¡a (_Ü`n«Xoe) H$m ZdñWm{nV {d.Am.jo. emm{_c h¡ &BgHo$ Acmdm 18 ZB© _§Oy[a`m Xr JB© h¡ … nmo{μOÌm (JwOamV), Zdr _wå~B© Ed§ H$monQ>m(_hmamîQ´>), Z§JyZZoar (V{_cZmSy>), Hw$ënr Ed§ gmëQ>coH$ (npíM_ ~§Jmc), nmamXrn Ed§Jmonmcnwa (CS>rgm), ^Xmohr, H$mZnwa, _wamXm~mX Ed§ J«oQ>a ZmoES>m (CËVa n«Xoe),{demImnÅ>Z_ Ed§ dm`O¡J$(AmÝY« n«Xoe), d„ma nmX_-nwQ²>Qw> dm`{nZ (Ho$ac), hmgZ(H$Zm©Q>H$), O`nwa Ed§ OmoYnwa (amOñWmZ) &

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{d.Am.jo. ñWm{nV H$a gH$Vo h¡ &

n«. 4 Š`m {dXoer H$ån{Z`m± {d.Am.jo. ñWm{nV H$a gH$Vr h¡ ?C. hm± &

n[a{eï> II

{deof Am{W©H$ joÌ nadm{UÁ` _§Ìmc` Ûmam n«ñVwV OmZH$m[a`m§

76

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VWm {ZåZ{c{IV OmZH$m[a`m| Ho$ gmW n[a`moOZm anQ> X| …1) n«ñVm{dV {d.Am.jo. H$m ñWmZ, dhm± CncãY T>m±MmJV gw{dYm | Am¡a

n«ñVm{dV gw{dYm | &2) g~go ZOXrH$s ~§XaJmh, hdmB©AS²>S>m, aoc, _mJ© go Xyar &3) {dÎmr` ã`m¡am … n«ñVm{dV {Zdoe, {dËV n«mpßV Ho$ n«H$ma Am¡a n[a`moOZm H$m {Q>H$mD$nZ

Am{X &4) {dXoer {Zdoe VWm cm^m§e H$s dmngr H$m ã`m¡am &5) `h joÌ {g\©$ EH$ {d{eï>> CÚmoJ Ho$ {cE h¡ `m AZoH$ CËnmXm| Ho$ {cE &

Eogm AmdoXZ amÁ` gaH$ma AnZr n«{V~X²YVm Ho$ gmW ^maV gaH$ma Ho$ dm{UÁ` {d^mJH$s Amoa oOoJm …1) n«ñVm{dV {d.Am.jo. n`m©daUr` {Z~©ÝYmo go _wŠV ahoJm &2) Cg_| nmZr, {~Ocr d AÝ` gw{dYm | Amdî`H$Vm AZwgma CncãY H$am`r Om oJr&3) {d.Am.jo. Ho$ CÚmoJ {dÚwV ämma VWm ñd{Z{_©V `m IarXr {~Ocr H$a go _wŠV hm|Jo&4) {d.Am.jo. H$mo {~Ocr H$m CËnmXZ, dhZ VWm {dVaU H$s Ny>Q> hmoJr &5) BZ joÌm| H$mo amÁ` Ho$ {~H«$rH$a, Mw§Jr, _ÊS>rH$a, Hw$c coZXoZ H$a go _wŠV ah|Jo VWm

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n«.6 {d.Am.jo. ñWm{nV H$aZo Ho$ {c o H$m¡Z go {Z`_ VWm eV} h¢ &C. {g\©$ _mÝ` CÚm|Jm| H$mo hr {d.Am.jo. _| AZw_{V Xr Om oJr …

77

1) {d.Am.jo. Ho$ CÚm|Jm| H$mo ñWmZr` joÌ `moOZm, n«XyfU {Z`ÝÌU VWm AÝ` ñWmZr`H$mZyZ, {Z`_, {Z~©ÝY d Cn{Z`_ Am{X H$m nmcZ H$aZm hmoJm&

2) ñWmZr` ñVa na cmJy Am¡Úmo{JH$ VWm _OXya H$mZyZ H$m nmcZ CZ CÚmoJm| H$moH$aZm hmoZm &

3) BZ {d.Am.jo. Ho$ g^r H$mZyZ {Z`_ VWm n«{H«$`mAm| H$s nyVu H$aZo hþE CZH$s AnZrIwX H$s gwajm ì`dñWm H$aZr hmoJr &

4) {H$gr ^r {d.Am.jo. H$m Ý yZV_² joÌ 1000 hoŠQo>`a hmoZm Mm{hE & Cg_| go H$_ goH$_ 25% joÌ _| CÚmoJ go g§~{YV B_maVo hmoJr &

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{d.Am.jo. g§~§Yr {ZU©` H$aZo Ho$ nyd© AÝVa _§Ìr_§S>cr` g{_Vr Zo amÁ` gaH$ma Ho$n«{V{ZYr Ho$ gmW {dMma-{d_e© {H$`m Om oJm & amÁ` gaH$mam| Zo H$moB© ^r n«ñVmd H$sHo$ÝX«r` dm{UÁ` d CÚmoJ _§Ìmc` Ho$ gm_Zo AZwím§gm H$aZo go nhco `h gw{ZpíMV H$acoZm Mm{hE H$s do nmZr, {~Ocr AmXr _yc yV gw{dYmE Xo gH$Vo h¡ &

n«.8 {d.Am.jo. Ho$ n«dV©H$ H$mo H$m¡Z gr gw{dYmE°± / n«moËgmhZ Ho$ {_coJt &C. 1) 100% grYo {dXoer ny§Or {Zdoe H$s gw{dYm …

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~) {d.Am.jo. _| Xya^mîm godm Ho$ A{YH$ma Ho$ {cE &2) 15 gmcm| _| {H$gr ^r 10 gmcmo Ho$ nj Ho$ {cE Am`H$a A{Y{Z`_ H$s Ymam 80

Ho$ VhV² Ny>Q> &3) {d.Am.jo. Ho$ {dH$mg, H$m ©H$cmn VWm XoI^mc hoVw Am`mV `m AÝV©Xoer` IarXr

na H$moB© H$a Zhr &

78

4) godm H$a VWm H|$X«r` {dH«$r H$a go Ny>Q> &5) T>m§MmJV g§aMZm Ho$ {cE IM©, {ZYr `m H$ånZr Ho$ {Zdoe na Am`H$a go Ny>Q>&6) {d.Am.jo. _§o {H$`m J`m ì`pŠVJV Am{X {Zdoe ^r Am`H$a H$mZyZ Ho$ Ymam 88 Ho$

AZwgma Am`H$a _m\$s Ho$ nmÌ &7) T>m§MmJV gw{dYm H$m Cn`moJ, X¡ZpÝXZ H$m ©H$cmn VWm aIadmd Ho$ {cE n«dV©H$ H$mo

Ny>Q> &8) {d.Am.jo. _| {~Ocr H$m {Z_m©U, dhZ Am¡a {dVaU hr AZw_Vr &9) {d.Am.jo. _| Xr JB© OJh H$m VWm {Z_m©U joÌ H$m {H$gr ^r ì`mnm[aH$ VarHo$ go

Cn`moJ H$aVo H$s nyar AmOmXr &10) {d.Am.jo. _| nmZr, {~Ocr, gwajm, aoñVam§ VWm _Zmoa§OZ Ho$ÝX«mo§ H$mo ì`mnm[aH$ VËdm|

na CncãY H$amZo H$s, aadaadmd H$aZo H$s AZw_{V &

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Ho$ AZwê$n n[a`moOZm n«ñVmd H$s 3 n«{V`m± Cg {d.Am.jo. Ho$ {dH$mg Am wŠV H$mo n«ñVwVH$aZm hmoJm&

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n«.11 {d.Am.jo. CÚmoJm| Ho$ {cE CncãY n«moËgmhZ gw{dYmE°§ ?C. 1) gr_m ímwëH$ Am¡a Mw§Jr …

A) {d.Am.jo. Ho$ CÚmoJm| H$mo AnZo H$m ©Šbmn McmZo Ho$ {cE Oê$ar ny§OrJV gm_J«r,H$ƒm_mc, Cn^moJr dñVw, nwO} n¡qH$J gm_J«r, H$m ©crZ dñVw, S>r Or goQ>g² AmXrg^r MtOo {H$gr ^r AZwk{á Ho$ {~Zm Xoe _| go H$ht go ^r co gH$Vo h¡ `m Am`mVH$a gH$Vo h¡ &

~) Xoe Ho$ AÝXa `m ~mha go H$a_wŠV gm_J«r coZm &H$) Xoe Ho$ AÝXa {~H«$r na {d Am joÌm| H$mo {deof A{V[aŠV ^ma H$s Ny>Q> &

79

S>) Am`m{VV VWm AÝV©Xoer` IarXr hþB© dñVw 5 gmc Ho$ AZw_{V Ad{Y Ho$ ^rníMmV BñVo_mc H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ &

B©) {d.Am.jo. go AÝV©Xoer` {~H«$r {H$gr H$a ämma, ímwëH$ go _wŠV ahoJr &\$) {d.Am.jo. Ho$ CËnmXZ, gh-CËnmXZ BZH$s {~H«$r Ho$ {cE {Z`V gr_m ímwëH$ Xo H$a

~oMm Z J`m _mc VWm aX²Xr _mc Xoe _| ~oM gH$Vo h¡ &

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50%Ÿ&g) cm^ Ho$ nwZ©{Zdoe na 50% VH$ nwZ©{Zdoe Ny>Q> &X) KmQo> H$s aH$_ H$m AJco _| g_mdoe &

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na 3 gmcm| Ho$ {cE 100% Am`H$a Ny>Q>, Am¡a AJco 2 gmcm| Ho$ {cE 50%Ny>Q>&

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80

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5) godm H$a{d.Am.jo. Ho$ CÚmoJm| H$mo godm H$a H$s Ny>Q>

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df© {Zdmg Ho$ n«mdYmZ go Ny>Q> &Am¡f{Y Ed§ gm¡X © n«gmYZ

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A) {d.Am.jo. Ho$ CÚmoJmo§ H$mo AnZo CËnmXH$ `m CËnmXZ n«{H«$`m Ho$ {hñgo Xoe Ho$ AÝ`joÌm| _| AWdm AÝ` {d.Am.jo. _| Cn-AZw~ÝY na XoZo H$s AZw_{V &

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81

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n«. 12 {d.Am.jo. Ho$ CÚmoJm| H$s g_rjm H$m¡Z H$aoJm ?C. {d.Am.jo. H$s g_rjm H$aZo Ho$ {cE EH$ BH$mB© _§Oyar g{_Vr ahoJr {Og_| {dH$mg

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SEZ Hit on Democracy

Education

Transcript of SEZ Hit on Democracy