sergo dumbaZe, nikoloz dumbaZedspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/205049/4/Dauvickari_Pedagogi.pdf ·...

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sergo dumbaZe, nikoloz dumbaZe

dauviwyari pedagogiskender bajeliZis cxovreba da pedagogiuri moRvaweoba

gamomcemloba

`baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti~

baTumi _ 2017

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UDC(uak) 371.12.011.31-051(479.22)

d-901

wigni eZRvneba skender bajeliZis dabadebidan 95 wlisTavs

naSromSi gaSuqebulia qobuleTis raionis sofel xucubnis

mkvidris, aWaris damsaxurebuli maswavleblis, meore msoflio

omisa da Sromis veteranis skender bajeliZis cxovreba da ped-

agogiuri moRvaweoba.

aqve mokled daxasiaTebulia xucubnis istoria, misi demo-

grafiuli suraTi, gamoTqmulia avtorTa mosazreba bajeliZis

gvaris warmomavlobis, etimologiisa da gavrcelebis geografi-

is Sesaxeb.

wigni gankuTvnilia mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisTvis, pirvel

rigSi, mSoblebisa da SvilebisTvis, maswavleblebisa da mos-

wavleebisTvis.

naSromi momzadda aWaris Rvawlmosil muSakTa pativmigebisa

da madlierebis sazogadoebis, iakob gogebaSvilis saxelobis

saqarTelos pedagogTa sazogadoebis aWaris respublikuri or-

ganizaciisa da daviT mamulaZis saxelobis sazogadoeba `moamag-

is~ egidiT.

redaqtori: nodar basilaZepedagogikis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

profesori

recenzentebi: 1. Temur gogmaCaZebiologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

profesori

2. akaki zoiZepedagogikis doqtori, profesori

ISBN 978-9941-462-43-6© `baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti~ _ 2017

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skender bajeliZeaWaris damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli,

omisa da Sromis veterani(1921-2005)

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winasityvaoba

gonieri kaci igive wignia.ilia

adamianis pirovnebad Camoyalibebaze, sazogadoeba-

Si Rirseuli adgilis damkvidrebasa Tu, saerTod, mis

warmatebebze mravali faqtori moqmedebs. maT Soris

gansakuTrebiT gamovyofdiT ors: pirveli _ mSoblebi,

ojaxi, meore _ maswavlebeli, skola. es ori faqtori,

Tavad aRzrdis subieqtTan erTad, yovelTvis moqme-

debs. funqciuri datvirTvis TvalsazrisiT, maTi roli

metnaklebad gansxvavebulia. maswavleblis, skolis ro-

li, maTi mizani da amocanebi vigrZeniT gasuli sauku-

nis Sua xanebSi, roca swavla daviwyeT skolaSi. es iyo

didi samamulo omisa da omis Semdgomi periodi, 1945-

1956 wlebi. qveyana miyenebul Wrilobebs iSuSebda,

dangreuls aRadgenda. faSizmze gamarjvebuli xalxi

mSvidobiani momavlis imediT cxovrobda da Sromobda,

itanda aTas gaWirvebas, sjeroda xvalindeli dRisa.

uWirda skolasac, magram mas far-xmali ar dauy-

ria, grZnobda did saxelmwifoebriv, sazogadoebriv da

zneobriv movaleobas erisa da qveynis winaSe; energiis

dauzogavad, uSurvelad da erTgulad emsaxureboda

qveyanas, sazogadoebas; samSoblos uzrdida Rirseul

Taobebs, romelTac unda gaegrZelebinaT mama-papaTa

`saqmeni sagmironi~.

skolebi funqcionirebda, maswavleblebi muxl-

Cauxrelad muSaobdnen, magram, qveynis mZime mdgomareo-

bis gamo, maT akldaT saTanado materialur-teqnikuri

baza, informaciis teqnikuri saSualebebi, saxelmZRva-

neloebi, saswavlo nivTebi. teqnikuri da sakomunikacio

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saSualebebi mwiri iyo, an Tu iyo, isic centrebSi. pe-

riferiebSi, miT ufro mTian soflebSi, iSviaToba iyo.

igi funqcionirebda raionul, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi,

sasoflo sabWoebis administraciul centrebSi. im xa-

nebSi es did miRwevad iTvleboda. analogiuri suraTi

iyo radiomomsaxurebaSic. zamTris pirobebSi, didTov-

lobis dros, mwyobridan gamodioda satelefono Tu

radioxazebi. maTi aRdgena ki, didi Tovlisa da ug-

zoobis gamo, Wianurdeboda. satransporto saSualebe-

bis ararsebobis gamo, raionuli centridan soflebSi

fostas ezidebodnen zurgiT, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi,

cxeniT da bevrjer didi dagvianebiT. erTi sityviT,

informaciis gavrcelebis intensiuri iseTi saSuale-

bebi, rogoric dResaa (televizori, kompiuteri, mo-

biluri telefoni da a.S.) imxanad ar iyo.

maSin CvenTvis, axalgazrdebisTvis, yovelgvari in-

formaciis saSualeba iyo skola, maswavlebeli. maswav-

leblis sityva iyo pirveli wyaro, misi pirveli maga-

liTi _ zneobrivi gakveTili. amitomac gviyvarda, gvje-

roda da vusmendiT mas. maswavleblis sityva CvenTvis

iyo kanoni. poeti amas mxatvrul ferebSi didebulad

gamoTqvams:

`maswavlebeli _ gza samermiso,maswavlebeli _ imedis xidi,maswavlebeli _ sinaTlis dedaqveynad megzuri yvelaze didi.~

qarTveli klasikosi poetis, ioseb noneSvilis

sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, `qveynad beladic ara yofila,

maswavlebeli rom ara hyoloda~. amitomac, migvaCnia,

rom mSoblebis Semdeg, cxovrebaSi yvelaze didi fig-

ura maswavlebeli, pedagogia, misgan boZebuli margali-

tebiT daSTenilni arian Taobebi. codnis, swavla-ga-

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naTlebis CiraRdani maswavlebelia. igi cxovrebis gan-

viTarebis yvela etapze sazogadoebaSi monumenturi

figuraa.

Cveni Taobis valia, kargad gvaxsovdes da arasd-

ros daviviwyoT Cveni maswavleblis, ostatis Rvawli

da amagi, Cvenze zrunvaSi TeTrad gaTenebuli Rameebi,

davafasoT maTi Sroma, daxarjuli energia. ra Tqma un-

da, am Sromasa da energias fuliT ver gadavuxdiT, Tu

Cven bolomde gavyvebiT maT rCeva-darigebebs, gavyvebiT

maT naTel kvals, cxovrebaSi davikavebT Rirseul ad-

gils, keTilsindisierad movemsaxurebiT qveyanas, sam-

Soblos, sazogadoebas, maSin anazRaurdeba ara marto

mSoblebis, aramed aRmzrdel maswavlebelTa Sromac

da energiac. mxolod maSin viqnebiT Cven, moswavleebi,

mSoblebisa da maswavleblebis winaSe da qveynis wina-

Sec valmoxdilni. magram, Cveni azriT, esec ar aris

sakmarisi. sazogadoebaSi Rirseuli adgilis dakave-

basTan erTad, Cven ar unda dagvaviwydes maswavlebel-

Ta keTili saqmeebi da naTeli saxelebi.

zepiri gadacemebiT Tu werilobiTi formiT maTi

wminda saxelebi unda SemovunaxoT da gadavceT moma-

val Taobebs, rogorc orientiri maTTvis rTuli cxov-

rebis labirinTebSi gzis gakvalvisTvis.

Wkvian kacs uTqvams, Cveni valia, axal Taobebs

sawvrTnelad gadavceT winaparTa memkvidreoba, rameTu

maT piruTvneli sidiade ara marto saamayo sazomia

Cveni erovnuli donisa, xolo naRvawi bazisia imisa,

rac Tu Cvenamde dRemde mosula, aramed magaliTi, Tu

rogor Tavdauzogavad emsaxuro qveyanas, rom SeZlo

ganamtkico, ganavrco balavari, romelzec unda daaSe-

no misi momavali da sapatio adgili daikavo istoria-

Si.

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es sityvebi exeba yvela Cvens did winapars da maT

Soris maswavlebels, romlis Tavdadebuli Sromis ma-

galiTis gareSe aravin izrdeba, arc erTi dargis

WeSmariti specialisti ar yalibdeba. maSasadame, wina-

parTa Soris erT-erTi yvelaze Rvawlmosili pirovne-

baa maswavlebeli, romlis dafaseba Cveni momavali

Taobebis valia. es imis momaswavebeli iqneba, rom

maswavlebelTa Sromas ukvalod ar Cauvlia, gaweul

jafas Sedegi gamouRia. kidev erTxel mtkicdeba WeSma-

riteba, rom `rasac dasTes, masve moimki~, rom `awmyo,

Sobili warsulisagan, aris mSobeli momavlisa~, an

kidev `warsuli saZirkvelia namyosi, rogorc awmyo

momavlisa.~

migvaCnia, rom es cxovrebis aqsiomuri WeSmaritebaa

da Cven misi erTguli da mona-morCili gaxlavarT. ar-

amcTu zepirad, aramed SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobis erT-

erTi mizani da mimarTuleba CvenTvis aris maswavleb-

lebis mier gaweuli amagis ardaviwyeba, SeZlebisdag-

varad dafaseba. araerTi sagazeTo werili, saJurnalo

statia Tu calke monografia mivuZRveniT sazogadoe-

bis monumentur figurebs _ maswavleblebs. aRvniSnavT

maT dabadebis dReebs oficialurad, drodadro viw-

vevT stumrad, an vstumrobT maTTan, vamxnevebT, sapasu-

xod gamovxatavT im siTbosa da yuradRebas, ris Sede-

gad Cven davfrTiandiT da Rirseuli adgili davikaveT

cxovrebaSi. Rvawlis aRniSvna adamians sicocxles Tu

ver uxangrZlivebs, uxalisebs ki...

winamdebare naSroms vuZRvniT Cven sayvarel maswav-

lebelTa Soris erT-erT gamorCeuls, xulos raionis

xixaZiris saSualo skolis saswavlo nawilis gamges

(1954-1959 ww.), aWaris damsaxurebul maswavlebels,

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Sromisa da omis veterans, xucubnel skender xuseinis

Ze bajeliZes, amasTan, vasrulebT mis `anderZs~.

marTalia, igi dRes Cvens Soris ar aris, valmox-

dili wavida da ganisvenebs mSobliur xucubanSi, ba-

jeliZeTa sagvarulo sasaflaoze, magram CvenTan darCa

misi saamayo saxeli da sanaqebo saqme... es wigni mogiT-

xrobT mis saintereso, zogjer mZime, sabolood, warma-

tebul cxovrebasa da moRvaweobaze.

madlobas movaxsenebT mis ojaxs, Svilebs, Zmasa da

Zmebis Svilebs, sanaTesao wres, mezoblebs _ yvelas,

vinc mxarSi gvedga am naSromis Sesaqmnelad.

Tavs bednierad CavTvliT da mizans miRweulad, Tu

dainteresebuli mkiTxveli winamdebare naSroms ise

miiRebs da Seafasebs, rogorc am Znel gzaze maswav-

lebel-moswavlis urTierTobaSi sifrTxiliT gadadg-

mul erT patara, magram saWiro da aucilebel nabijs.

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p i r v e l i g a n y o f i l e b a

geografiul-socialuri garemo,gvaris genealogia da etimologia

sadac vSobilvar, gavzrdilvar da misrolia isari,sad mama-papa megulvis, imaTi kubos ficari,

sadac siyrmiTve vCveulvar, Cemi samSoblo is ari.rafiel erisTavi

$1. misi savane

aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis SavizRvispireTi

cnobilia, rogorc kolxeTis dablobis subtropikuli

zona. Caisa da citrusis uxvmosavliani plantaciebiT

ganTqmuli qobuleTis raioni Tavisi mravalferovani

infrastruqturiTa da klimaturi pirobebiT

qobuleTis raioni

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aRiarebulia zRvispira kurortad da cnobilia mTels

qveyanaSi, da ara marto aq.

samwuxarod, dRes am unikaluri dargebis planta-

ciebi mwyobridan gamosulia, tyeebad da ekal-bardebad

gadaqceulia. albaT, es drois bralia, gardamaval pe-

riods axlavs aseTi siurprizebi. darwmunebuli varT,

male dadgeba dro, roca meurneobis es dargebi, sa-

kurorto da turistuli sferoebis ganviTarebis par-

alelurad, kvlav aRorZindeba da mosaxleobis materi-

aluri uzrunvelyofis wyaro gaxdeba. amis naTeli

gamoxatulebaa, rom ukve daiwyo da xorcieldeba aRm-

Seneblobis grandiozuli programebi saqarTveloSi,

maT Soris, aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi da, ker-

Zod, qobuleTis raionSi.

xucubnis Temi

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maradmwvane qobuleTis raionis soflebs Soris

erT-erTi gamorCeulia xucubani, romelic Savi zRvis

sanapirodan, kerZod, q. qobuleTidan ori km-Taa daSo-

rebuli. igi qobuleTis dablobis gagrZelebaze, kint-

riSis xeobaSi, mdinaris orive mxareze gaSenebuli da

raionis erT-erTi didi, ulamazesi da Tvalwarmtaci

sofelia, romlis teritoria aRwevs sofel qobuleTam-

de. maSasadame, xucubani or qobuleTs Soris mdebare-

obs: aRmosavleTidan sofeli qobuleTi esazRvreba, da-

savleTidan _ qalaqi qobuleTi, CrdiloeTidan _ sofe-

li gvara, samxreTidan _ sofeli kvirike. xucubnis te-

ritoria 14000 kvm, mosaxleoba Seadgens 1655 komls 6350

mcxovrebiT, maT Soris 55 ojaxi bajeliZeTa gvarisaa.

sofeli xucubani saxelganTqmuli iyo ara marto

mosaxleobis SromiTi warmatebebiT, aramed Tavisi is-

toriuli warsuliTac.

rogorc zemoT iTqva, xucubnis teritoria istori-

uli kolxeTis Semadgeneli zRvispira nawilia. igi Zv.

welTaRricxvis II aTaswleulis dasasruls Camoyal-

ibda. didi arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad moZiebu-

li nivTieri masalebis analizidan irkveva, rom Savi-

zRvispireTi, maT Soris qobuleTi, civilizaciis mniS-

vnelovani da saintereso arealia. istoriuli wyaroe-

biT, mecnierTa kvleva-ZiebiT, gansakuTrebiT, arqeolo-

giuri gaTxrebiT dgindeba, rom xelsayreli geogra-

fiuli da bunebrivi pirobebis gamo, kolxeTis samefos

periodSi xucubani dasaxlebuli yofila da adgilob-

rivi mosaxleoba flobda liTonis damuSavebis xer-

xebs. amasTan dakavSirebiT cnobebs gvawvdian Zveli aR-

mosavleTisa da antikuri xanis berZeni mwerlebi.

xucubanma cnobil mecnierTa da sazogado moRva-

weTa gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miipyro me-19 saukunis

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80-iani wlebidan. aq kvleva-Zieba CautarebiaT eqvTime

TayaiSvils, grigol guriels, frang mecnier-arqeolog

Jan muries.

xucubnis intensiuri Seswavla daiwyo XX saukunis

20-iani, kidev ufro intensiurad ki 40-iani wlebidan,

kerZod, 1944 wels, roca jer kidev germania-sabWoTa

kavSiris omi damTavrebuli ar iyo. aq istorikos av-

Tandil ioselianis xelmZRvanelobiT Catarda arqe-

ologiuri gaTxrebi. napovni masalebiT gakeTda daskvna

imis Sesaxeb, rom kintriSis xeobis, kerZod, xucubnis

mkvidrni, im dros brinjaodan rkinis warmoebaze gar-

damaval periodSi imyofebodnen, rom rkina TandaTano-

biT cvlida brinjaos iaraRs.1

1 av. ioseliani, narkvevebi kolxeTis istoriidan, Tb., 1973.

xucubnis erT-erTi ubani

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xucubnis Sesaxeb saintereso cnobebs gvawvdis me-18

saukunis gamoCenili mecnieri, geografi da istorikosi

vaxuSti batoniSvili.1 aq mdebareobda da moqmedebda

mTel xeobaSi ganTqmuli eklesia TeTrosani,2 romelic

qristianuli saeklesio kulturis centri iyo.

xucubnis teritoriaze napovni mravalferovani

arqeologiuri masalebiT dainteresda akademikosi niko

berZeniSvili. man xucubnis veli Seadara `gadaSlil

wigns, romelSic Cvens winaprebs Tavis Tavgadasavali

cxovlad CauweriaT~.3

cnobilia, rom mTeli saqarTvelo, maT Soris, aWa-

ra, ganicdida ucxo dampyrobTa gamudmebul Semosevebs.

am mxriv arc xucubani iyo gamonaklisi. ruseT-Turqe-

Tis omebis dros da manamdec, es sofeli, rogorc

strategiulad mniSvnelovani ubani, gamoyenebuli iyo

mtris winaaRmdeg, Tu mtrebis mier misi dakavebis

Semdeg adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasapyrobad gaSli-

li brZolis placdarmad. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT cno-

bilia ruseT-TurqeTis 1877-1878 wlebis movlenebi.

xucubnis Sesaxeb mcire moculobis naSromi gamos-

ca istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtorma, profesorma SoTa

jafariZem.4 masSi saubaria xucubnis istoriul war-

sulze, mosaxleobis SromiT miRwevebze, gasuli sauku-

nis 20-60-iani wlebSi. gansakuTrebiT warmoCenilia di-

di samamulo omisa da misi Semdgomi periodi, roca so-

fels Tavkacobda sabWoTa kavSiris umaRlesi sabWos

orgzis deputati, ordenosani vladimer bajeliZe.

1 vaxuSti bagrationi, aRwera samefoisa saqarTvelosi, Tb., 1997.2 r. surmaniZe, TeTrosani, gamomc. `alioni~, 2007.3 n. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, VIII, Tb., 1990.4 S. jafariZe, ordenosani xucubani, gamomc. `sabWoTa aWara~,baT., 1969.

14

………

kintriSis xeobis, maT Soris, xucubnis, mecnieruli

Seswavla ufro warmatebuli da efeqturi gaxda 1958

wlidan _ saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis mraval-

profiliani baTumis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis

daarsebis Semdeg. mas saTaveSi Caudga qobuleTis

mkvidri, istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidati, docenti as-

lan inaiSvili, xolo misi gardacvalebis Semdeg _ sa-

qarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondenti,

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori daviT xa-

xutaiSvili _ cnobili istorikosi da ganTqmuli

arqeologi. institutis koleqtivma naxevarsaukunovani

istoriis manZilze didi muSaoba gaswia aWarisa da mi-

si mimdebare mxareebis istoriis, arqeologiis, eTnog-

rafiis, folkloris, dialeqtologiis, sociologiisa

xucubnis Temis administraciuli Senoba

15

da ekonomikis Sesaswavlad. am institutis koleqtivis

didi damsaxurebaa aWaraSi da gansakuTrebiT fiWvnarSi

grandiozuli arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Catareba (xel-

ZRvanelebi: d. xaxutaiSvili, a. kaxiZe). bolo wlebSi

fiWvnarSi arqeologiuri gaTxrebiT dainteresdnen uc-

xoeli mkvlevrebic _ ingliseli da germaneli arqe-

ologebi, romlebic, qarTvel mecnierebTan erTad,

kvlavac agrZeleben aq kvleva-Ziebas. maT erToblivad

gamosces araerTi naSromi.1 arafers vambobT qarTvel

mkvlevarTa mier gamocemul sxva naSromebze.

baTumis n. berZeniSvilis saxelobis sameciero-

kvleviTi institutis daarsebiT ufro gafarTovda ma-

namde aWaraSi momuSave mecnier-mkvlevarebis (baTumis

pedagogiuri institutis profesor-maswavlebelTa da

aWaris saxelmwifo muzeumis (yofili direqtori x.

axvlediani) mecnier-muSakTa mier dawyebuli samxreT-

dasavleT saqarTvelos, kerZod, aWaris istoriis kvle-

va-Zieba. maTi damsaxurebaa isic, rom daiwera da gam-

oica samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriis narkve-

vebi, aWara _ oTxtomeuli, romlis pirveli tomi (uZve-

lesi droidan ax. w. V saukunemde) gamoqveynda 2007

wels, meore tomi (V saukune _ 1877 weli) _ 2009 wels,

mesame tomi (baTumis olqi _ 1877-1920) _ 2008 wels da,

bolo, meoTxe tomi (1921-1990) _ 2012 wels.2

aRniSnul narkvevebSi mdidari da saintereso masa-

lebia Setanili. aWaris sxva regionebTan erTad, so-

fel xucubnis Sesaxeb dainteresebuli mkiTxveli bevr

unikalur masalas naxavs masSi.

1 kaxiZe amiran, vikersi maikl, fiWvnari 1 (kolxebi da berZnebiaRmosavleT SavizRvispireTSi), baTumi-oqsfordi, 2004, gv. 15,(qarTul da inglisur enebze).2 samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, aWara,oTxtomeuli, 1, 2, 3, 4, baTumi, 2007, 2009, 2008, 2012.

16

sainteresoa am soflis saxelwodebis etimologia.

ibadeba kiTxva: vin uwoda mas es saxeli da rodis?

amasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs sxvadasxva mosazre-

ba, zogjer urTierTgamomricxavic.

Cveni azriT, am toponimis axsna, pirvel rigSi, un-

da veZeboT TviT sofelSi, xucubnelTa Soris. mosax-

leobaSi SemorCenilia gadmocema am toponimTan dakav-

SirebiT. es gadmocema xucubnis saSualo skolis is-

toriis maswavlebels tite fxakaZesa da skolis direq-

tors eTer bajeliZes, soflis istoriis CanawerebSi

aqvT Setanili da inaxeba aRniSnuli Temis sakrebulo-

Si. am legendis mixedviT da xucubnis sakrebuloSi,

qobuleTis raionuli sakrebulos yofili rwmunebu-

sofel xucubnis Temis centri

17

lis, baton zurab bajeliZis gadmocemiT, am sofelSi

(dRevandel bajeliZeTa ubanSi) uZveles droSi auSe-

nebiaT eklesia, romelsac rqmevia wminda elias1 ekle-

sia. mRvdelmsaxuri yofila guriidan mosuli pirovne-

ba, gvarad naTiZe (saxeli ucnobia). es ori gvari dRe-

sac cxovrobs xucubanSi da isini iTvlebian ZirZvel

gvarebad.

wminda elias eklesiis2 midamoebSi cxovrobda mo-

saxleoba. maT Soris, bevri uxucesi, xandazmuli pi-

1 m. qamadaZe, toponimia, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriisnarkvevebi, aWara, 1, baT., 2007, gv. 63.2 wminda elias eklesia dangreul iqna ucxo tomTa Semosevebisdros, gansakuTrebiT ruseT-TurqeTis omis periodSi. darCeniliiyo misi nangrevebi. sofelma bolo wlebSi moindoma misi aRd-gena, magram finansuri SesaZlebloba ar gaaCndaT.

qveyanaSi keTil adamianebs ra gamolevs (RmerTma ufro gaam-ravlos maTi ricxvi, uTqvamT Cvens winaprebs). swored aseTiqvelmoqmedi aRmoCnda Tbiliseli qalbatoni meri sadraZe. isxSirad stumrobs xucubanSi bajeliZeTa ojaxs. roca dainaxa ameklesiis naSTebi _ nangrevebi, dainteresda eklesiis istoriiTda iTava misi aRdgena. sainteresoa, ram ukarnaxa mas es qvel-moqmedeba? ra motivacia hqonda am qalbatons? ra Tqma unda, Cve-

xucubnis (wm. elias)eklesia

18

rovneba yofila. amitom am dasaxlebas uxucesebis, mo-

xucebis, xucebis ubani, anu `xucubani~ uwodes. leg-

enda-gadmocemis mixedviT isic irkveva, rom `xuci~ ar

niSnavs `xucess~, anu dRevandeli gagebiT, mRvdelmsax-

urs (rogorc, magaliTad, iyo iakob xucesi). aq igu-

lisxmeba WkuasakiTxavi pirovneba, beri, moxuci (ara

religiuri datvirTviT, aramed saero SinaarsiT). leg-

enda rom terminis saero datvirTvis sasargeblod

metyvelebs, Semdegi gadmocemidan Cans: uxucesTa Soris

yofila erTi xuci, moxuci, mas hyolia sami vaJiSvili.

oTxiveni SesaniSnavi momRerlebi, mgaloblebi yofi-

lan. maT gareSe arc qorwili tardeboda da arc

glova sruldeboda, icodnen samxiarulo-saqorwilo

da samgloviaro-sazaro simRerebic. gansakuTrebiT kar-

gad asrulebdnen `xasanbeguras~. isini soflis erT-

erT lxinze miuwveviaT. mama _ xuci, Tavisi baniT (musi-

kaluri xmiT) ganTqmuli, SeuZlod yofila, ver wasula

da Svilebi gaugzavnia. maT iq bevri simRera Seusru-

lebiaT. bolos sazogadoebis TxovniT `xasanbegurac~

SemouZaxiaT, magram uxucoba (xucis _ mamis aryofna)

didad datyobia simReras, gansakuTrebiT uferulad

ni azriT, misma maRalma zneobam, siZvelisadmi pativiscemam,sarwmunoebisadmi erTgulebam, didbunebovnebam, keTilSobilebam,qarTveli patrioti mandilosnisaTvis damaxasiaTebelma sispeta-kem, wina da ufrosi Taobebis naSrom-najafisadmi siyvarulma,erTgulebam, pativiscemam da mimteveblurma xasiaTma. saqme isaa,rom misi Svili SemTxveviT Semoakvda viRac pirovnebas. dedam aridava da Seundo mkvlels Cadenili codva (rogor hgavs es `vef-xisa da moymis~ legendas!), ZaZebSi gaxveuli deda eklesiuri,mimtevebeli gaxda (aferum, Tqvens qalobas, rwmenas, didsulov-nebas, qalbatono meri). man naxa sponsori (magram vin, ar viciT.Cveni azriT, esec maT didsulovnebaze, keTilSobilebaze, maRalsulierebasa da erovnulobaze miuTiTebs) da ase, am gziT Zvelfesvebze aSenda axali da restavrirebul iqna eklesia, siZvelisSenarCunebiT.

19

moeCvenaT simReris bani. simReris mosmenis Semdeg vi-

Racas gulistkiviliT uTqvams: `haikidi, xucis banio~,

e.i. inatres mamis _ xucis (mo-xuc-is) bani.

cxadia, legenda SinaarsiT sainteresoa, magram is

ver xsnis etimologias. Tu Cven legendas davujerebT

da soflis saxelwodeba-kompozitSi meore nawils ban-ad miviCnevT, maSin avcdebiT WeSmaritebas. kompozitis

(xucubani) meore nawilia ùbani~ da ara `bani~. es ori

sityva bgeraTa SedgenilobiT (oTxi aso) erTnairia.

magram sxvadasxva datvirTva da Sinaarsi gaaCniaT. `ba-

ni~ musikaluri, xolo ubani _ zogadi geografiuli

saxelia. banis ubnad aRiareba Tu miCneva, Cveni azriT,

umarTebuloa. garda amisa, soflis saxeli gacilebiT

Zvelia, `xasanbeguras~ simRera ki Turqebis Semosevebis

istorias ukavSirdeba. maSasadame, qronologiuri faq-

toric `banis~ winaaRmdeg da ùbnis~ sasargeblod la-

parakobs.

amrigad, am legenda-gadmocemis mixedviT, `xucub-

nis~ etimologiuri axsna, anu misi `banTan~ dakavSire-

ba, gamoricxulia.

sofelSi Semonaxulia, agreTve, legenda-gadmocemis

sxva versiac. xucubnis erT-erTi mkvidris, xasan baje-

liZis (89 wlis asakSi gardaicvala) gadmocemiT, aq

araerTi eklesia arsebula. erT-erTi maTgani yofila

bajeliZeTa dasaxlebaSic. masSi xucebi (mRvdelmsaxu-

rebi) moRvaweobdnen. amitom soflis am ubans da Semdeg

mTel sofels daerqva `xucubani~ (xucebis ubani). am

SemTxvevaSi sityva `xucebi~, xuci saeklesio piria da

ara saero termini. toponimSi `xucebis ubani~ pirveli

gamoyenebulia mravlobiT ricxvSi sityva `xuc-eb-i~,

romlidanac amovarda mravlobiTobis (eb) da saxelobi-

Ti brunvis (i) niSnebi da darCa misi Ziri. `xuc~-i. mas

20

SeuerTda termini ùbani~ da miRebulia `xucubani~.

SeTanxmebuli msazRvrel-sazRvruli, sadac `xuc~ miRe-

bulia `xucebidan~, msazRvrelia ùbnisa~, rom igi xu-

cebs ekuTvnis da ara momRerlebs, ùbani~ ki sazRvru-

lia, gansazRvrulia geografiuli zogadi saxeli. maTi

SeerTeba moxda qarTuli gramatikis erToblivi kano-

nebis safuZvelze da miRebulia sityva `xucubani~.

xasan bajeliZis gadmocemas ramdenadme amyarebs

profesor zurab WumburiZis Tvalsazrisi, romelic man

gamoTqva Tavis naSromSi `ra gqvia Sen?~ mecnieri emya-

reba ara legendebsa da gadmocemebs, aramed mecnier-

mkvlevarTa mier qobuleTSi Catarebuli arqeologiuri

gaTxrebisas xucubanSi moZiebuli masalebis analizis

Sedegebs. is ambobs: àrqeologiuri gaTxrebiT irkveva,

rom am adgilas mosaxleoba yofila jer kidev Zv. wel-

TaRricxvis VII-V saukuneebSi (2500-2600 wlis win), roca

Cveni winaprebi brinjaodan rkinis warmoebaze gadadi-

odnen. TavisTavad cxadia, rom soflis saxeli ase Zve-

li ar SeiZleba iyos, magram igi arc mTlad axalia.

pirvelad iqneboda xucis-ubani, rac xucesis (mRvdelis,

an gvaris ufrosis, moxucis) ubans niSnavda. aqedan mi-

viReT xucubani.~1

folkloruli, gramatikuli da arqeologiuri ma-

salebis, mecnieruli mosazrebebis Sejerebis safuZvel-

ze, mivediT im daskvnamde, rom toponimi `xucubani~

Sedgeba ori sityvisagan (`xuc~ da ùbani~ da ara `ba-

ni~). maTi SeerTebiT miRebulia `xucubani~ (xucebis

ubani), Sinaarsobrivad dakavSirebulia eklesiasTan,

mRvdelmsaxurebasTan, xucebTan, umTavresad moiazreba

bajeliZeTa ubanSi arsebuli wminda elias eklesia.

prof. z. WumburiZe am mosazrebis paralelurad dasaS-

1 zurab WumburiZe, ra gqvia Sen? Tb., 1982, gv. 174.

21

vebad Tvlis, rom `xuci~ SeiZleba xucubansa da war-

marTuli Tu qristianobis droindeli periodis rwmena-

warmodgenebis gamomxatvel toponimTan (eliawminda,

mariamwminda) iyos dakavSirebuli.

elias cixesa da sxvaTa Sesaxeb saubaria fundamen-

tur naSromSi `samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istori-

is narkvevebi _ aWaras~ pirvel tomSi Setanil profe-

sor mixeil qamadaZis statiaSi `toponimia~1 (da ara

marto am statiaSi). narkvevebSi miTiTebulia qarTul

miTologiaSi cnobil lazares oreul eliaze, rome-

lic RmerTma cisa da Rrublebis winamZRvrad, setyvisa

da wvimis gamgeblad daadgina. misi mravali sakulto

adgilia saqarTveloSi, maT Soris aWaraSi. wminda

elias vinaoba aWaraSi daviwyebulia, Tumca Semonaxu-

lia qobuleTis raionSi, maT Soris xucubanSi. aqve

axsnilia toponimi `TeTrosani~, romelic soflebis

gvara-xucubnis sazRvarze, md. aWyvis napirasaa. `TeT-

rosani~ warmarTuli xanis toponimad miCneulia. igi

dakavSirebulia TeTri giorgis kultTan. am saxelis

Zireuli nawilia `TeTr~. -osan- sufiqsia, romelic

daerTvis arsebiT saxels, awarmoebs zedsarTav saxels

da aRniSnavs raimes mqoneblobas: mandil-osani, gvir-

gvin-osani, orden-osani.2 aseTive warmoebis toponimad

Tvlis TeTrosans prof. m. qamadaZe.3 amasTan dakavSi-

rebiT sainteresoa r. surmaniZis naSromi `TeTrosani~.4

profesori z. WumburiZe xucesad, gvaris ufrosa-

dac varaudobs. Cven misi mosazrebis pirvel varauds

mxars vuWerT, meore ki saeWvod gveCveneba, radganac

1 m. qamadaZe, toponimia, iqve, 63.2 b. jorbenaZe, g. kobaxiZe, n. mesxiZe, qarTuli enis morfemebisda modaluri elementebis leqsikoni, 1988, gv. 353;3 m. qamadaZe, iqve, gv. 63.4 r. surmaniZe, dasax. naSromi.

22

sofelSi Semonaxuli legenda-gadmocemis meore versi-

iT ivaraudeba xuc-i saeklesio pirad, rac angariSgasa-

wevia. aqedan gamomdinare sabolood xucubani unda mi-

viCnioT saeklesio terminad, anda, Tu `xucs~ gvaris

ufrosad davuSvebT, sabolood SeiZleba imis Tqmac,

rom gvaris ufrosi Tu eklesiis mRvdelmsaxuri erTi

da igive pirovneba unda yofiliyo.

sofel xucubans mZime warsuli hqonda. igi bevrjer

ucxoel moZaladeTa Semosevebisa da brZolebis as-

parezi gamxdara, amitom mosaxleoba duxWirad cxov-

robda. roca saqarTvelo da, maT Soris xucubani, ax-

ali cxovrebis mSeneblobas Seudga, suraTi ramdenadme

Seicvala. es sofeli daadga koleqtivizaciis gzas.

glexoba TandaTanobiT gaerTianda kolmeurneobaSi.

dainerga teqnika, gaixsna skolebi, kulturis centrebi,

momzadda adgilobrivi kadrebi. sofelma mokle droSi

Tavi daaRwia ekonomikur da kulturul CamorCenilo-

bas. ganviTarda soflis meurneobis iseTi dargebi,

rogoricaa: meCaieoba, mecitruseoba, mesaqonleoba da

sxv. sofelma saxe icvala, Zveli oda-saxlebi Seicvala

axali kapitaluri orsarTuliani SenobebiT. keTil-

moewyo soflis centri, gayvanil iqna gzebi, gaSenda

skverebi, aSenda kapitaluri saSualo skola, kultu-

ris saxli, klub-biblioTeka, sportuli moedani, bavSv-

Ta baga-baRi, kinodarbazi da sxva mravali.

soflis, ise rogorc mTeli qveynis, winsvla-ganvi-

Tareba Seaferxa germania-sabWoTa kavSiris 1941-1945

wlebis omma.

xucubnelebma Tavi gamoiCines faSizmis winaaRmdeg

Tavdadebul brZolebSi. xucubnidan bevri frotze wav-

ida faSisturi germaniis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad.

maT Soris SeiZleba davasaxeloT: aslan bajeliZe, mi-

23

xeil baJunaSvili, rifaT arTmelaZe, aleqsandre (ali)

bajeliZe, ali beriZe, skender bajeliZe, osman bajeli-

Ze, pirveli aWareli eqimi qali xurie mJavanaZe, sulei-

man xabazi, ilias TxilaiSvili, xasan bajeliZe, iusuf

TxilaiSvili, xusein bladaZe, suleiman gogitiZe, iu-

suf mowyobili, suleiman bajeliZe da sxvebi. isini

gamarjvebulebi daubrundnen mSobliur kuTxes da Se-

moqmedebiT mSvidobian SromaSi Caebnen.

hitlerul urdoebs Tavs risxvad daatydnen Zmebi

memed da axmed bajeliZeebi, rezo da nuri mowyobi-

lebi, dursun da zia TxilaiSvilebi, iusuf bajeliZe,

magram, vai, rom brZolis velze daecnen gmirTa sik-

vdiliT da ojaxebs ver daubrundnen. Crdilo kavkasiis

frontze daiRupa rifaT bajeliZe, TevraT xabazma ki,

romelic krasnodaris misadgomebTan icavda samSob-

los Tavisuflebas, ZmaTa saflaoze daimkvidra bina...

bevria Sinmousvleli, yvelas, wignis SezRuduli mocu-

lobis gamo, ver davasaxelebT. isini 55-mde arian. maT

saxelebs ojaxebi, naTesavebi, Tanasoflelebi saTuTad

inaxaven da yovelTvis pativiscemiT ixseneben. dRevan-

deli xucubnis warmatebebSi maTi dalocvili marjve-

nac urevia.

omis Semdeg, rogorc mTelma qveyanam, xucubanmac

moiSuSa Wrilobebi da sofelSi daiwyo meurneobis aR-

mavloba. omisSemdgom aTwledSi kolmeurneoba Cadga

milionerTa rigebSi. xucubnis kolmeurneobis saqvey-

nod aRiarebuli warmatebebi dakavSirebulia soflis

Tavkacis, soflis meurneobis sapatio muSakis, sakavSi-

ro umaRlesi sabWos orgzis deputatis _ baton vla-

dimer bajeliZis saxelTan (mis Sesaxeb vrclad qve-

moT).

24

ase TandaTanobiT gaizarda, gafarTovda da win

wavida xucubani, rogorc ekonomikurad da kultu-

rulad, ise demografiulad. ase, magaliTad, gasuli

saukunis 20-ian wlebSi xucubani (maSin gvarasTan iyo

gaerTianebuli) warmodgenili iyo 1500 komliT da 4500

macxovrebliT. sofeli Tavisi finansuri SesaZleblo-

bebiT gaxda milioneri1 kolmeurneoba. dRes ki, mrava-

li kataklizmebis gadatanis miuxedavad, sofeli Zalas

ikrebs da cxovreba normalur kalapotSi dgeba; marTa-

lia, bevria problemac, magram saqarTvelos xelisuf-

lebis mier soflis daxmarebis programis amoqmedebiT

seriozuli nabijebi idgmeba soflebSi da maT Soris

sofel xucubanSi, sadac dRes, rogorc zemoT iTqva,

cxovrobs 1655 komli 6350 mcxovrebiT, romelTa gankar-

gulebaSia 14 000 kvm miwis farTobi.2

am sofels umReroda saxelovani poeti, sulmnaTi

jemal qaTamaZe leqsiT `Cemi xucubani~. gTavazobT zo-

gierT adgils am leqsidan:

xucubani, xucubani, Cemi xucubani,alag lurji, alag mwvane, gzebi da ubani...xinos mTidan gadmomdgari mze viT kiborCxala,kintriSis pirs gadaSlili baRebi da yaneba.moqaTqaTe tyemlebis da yvavilebis wyeba,mokriale cis sarkeze varskvlavebi wydeba...magram Zvelad aq ra iyo _ ekali da bardi,idga Slami da Waobi, tkivili da dardi.

1 gaz. `lenineli~, (qobuleTis raionuli gazeTi), #111, 19 seqtem-beri, 1970, gv. 1,2.2 xucubnis Temis saregistracio wigni.

25

. . .axla ki _ baRebidan, yanebidan movardnili `rero~,am bednier dReebs, mzians, rogor ar vumRero,viT ar mivce Sromis guguns poeturi banida rogor ar Seviyvaro Cemi xucubani.

$ 2. soflis inteligencia

`inteligencia~ laTinuri sityvaa. leqsikonSi igi

asea ganmartebuli: `sazogadoebis socialuri fena, ro-

melic Sedgeba gonebrivi Sromis muSakebisagan, im pir-

Tagan, romelTac aqvT ganaTleba da specialuri codna

mecnierebis, teqnikisa da kulturis sxvdasxva dargSi~.1

amis mixedviT, aris soflis inteligencia, qalaqis in-

teligencia, teqnikuri inteligencia da sxva.

soflad oficialuri inteligenciis Sesaferisi

socialuri fenis Seqmnamde mis funqcias asrulebdnen

gvaris, Temis, tomis beladebi da maTi garemocva, Semd-

gomSi _ soflis gamocdili uxucesebi, Wkviani, dabrZe-

nebuli adamianebi. isini TavianTi gonierebiT gan-

sazRvravdnen gasakeTebel saqmes, wyvetdnen sakiTxebs,

primitiulad, magram drois Sesaferisad. miuxedavad

amisa, isini im droisTvis mainc inteleqtualur fenas

warmoadgendnen. magaliTad, aseTebi iyvnen: xelosnebi,

durglebi, ostatebi, kalatozebi, mWedlebi, raime dar-

gis codniT SeiaraRebuli pirovnebebi.

Zvelad ostats, romelic saxls aagebda, araviTari

specialuri ganaTleba ar hqonda, magram is kargad erk-

1 qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, erTtomeuli, Tb., 1983,gv. 250.

26

veoda samSeneblo saqmeebSi da amisTvis saWiro ge-

ometriul, ariTmetikul da yofiT sakiTxebSi, sxvebis-

gan gansxvavebuli Tavisi gonebiTa da arakvalificiuri

inteleqtualuri unariT inteligenciis rols asru-

lebda. es unda miviCnioT teqnikuri inteligenciis Ca-

nasaxad.

specialuri inteligenciis Camoyalibeba dakavSi-

rebulia ganaTlebisa da kulturis kerebis SeqmnasTan,

sadac adamianebi Sesabamis ganaTlebas Rebuloben da

gadadian sazogadoebis im socialur fenaSi, romelsac

inteligencia (am sityvis pirdapiri gagebiT) hqvia. am-

denad inteligenciis Camoyalibebas safuZvlad udevs

Sromis danawileba da ganaTlebis kerebis Seqmna.

am zogadi msjelobidan gamomdinare, xucubanSi

soflis oficialuri inteligenciis Camoyalibebamde,

mis funqcias asrulebdnen soflis is pirovnebebi, rom-

lebsac, sxvebisgan gansxvavebiT, SeeZloT mosaxleobis

marTva, Wkuis darigeba, saqmis organizeba, gonebrivi

Sromis muSakebis funqciis Sesruleba. soflis mosax-

leoba maT akisrebda am saerTo-saxalxo saqmes da

emorCileboda kidevac.

xucubnis inteligenciis centri gaxda, uwinares

yovlisa, skola da pedagogiuri koleqtivi, romelmac

didi roli Seasrula soflis axalgazrdebis swavla-

aRzrda-ganTlebisa da soflis inteligenciis, adgi-

lobrivi kadrebis momzadebaSi.

rodis gaixsna pirveli skola xucubanSi da vin

iyo iniciatori? amasTan dakavSirebiT, mowonebis Rir-

sia xucubneli suleiman ismailis Ze kaikaciSvilis

(gulo-aRa kaika-ciSvilis ZmisSvili) narkvevi `mniS-

vnelovani TariRi~. masSi saubaria xucubanSi pirveli

qarTuli skolis gaxsnis Sesaxeb. es narkvevi-mogoneba

27

gulo-aRakaikaciSvili

winamdebare wignis avtorebs gad-

mogvca Cvenma maswavlebelma, aWa-

ris damsaxurebulma pedagogma, xu-

cubnis mkvidrma, skender bajeli-

Zem. amasTan dakavSirebiT, aRniS-

nul narkvevSi vkiTxulobT: `gulo

kaikaciSvilis ZmisSvili, 10 wlis

suleimani (1903-1983), romelic sa-

zogadoebis xarjiT TbilisSi

swavlobda, 1914 wels giorgi yaz-

begma sacxovreblad sakuTar

saxlSi waiyvana. Tavad xelmokle

generali mzrunvelobas ar akleb-

da misTvis Zalze kargad nacnobi mxaris Svils da, al-

baT, kidev didxans eyoleboda, rom ara sazogadoebis

mdivnis daviT kariWaSvilis gadawyvetileba. daviTma

kargad icoda, rom giorgi yazbegs Tavadac uWirda, am-

itom mogvianebiT suleiman kaikaciSvili man Tavis

saxlSi gadaiyvana. aseTi mSobliuri mzurnvelobiT

suleimani ganaTlebul inteligentad Camoyalibda da

didxans iRvawa aWaris skolebSi. Cvens xelT arsebul

dokumentebSi suleimani mogviTxrobs: 1914 wels `qarT-

velTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoe-

bis~ mier me da murad gunTaiSvili gagzavnili viqeniT

Tbilisis qarTul saTavadaznauro gimnaziaSi, sadac

Cagvweres Sesaferis klasebSi. yvelaze siamiT minda mo-

vigono 1915 wlis 23 dekembers Tbilisidan ardadegebze

sofelSi Camosvla~.

qobuleTSi CamosvlisTanave, muradi TavisianebSi

wasula, suleimans ki fexiT gauwevia saxlisken (xucub-

nisken – avt.), am dros mas wamowevia mgzavrebiani etli,

romelSic, meetlesTan erTad, msxdaran sami cilin-

28

suleimankaikaciSvili

driani, simpaTiuri adamiani. maT-

gan erT-erTs gimnazielis forma-

Si gamowyobili suleimanisTvis

qarTulad ukiTxavs: _ sadauri

xar, ymawvilo? mas upasuxnia, rom

sofel samebidan (xucubnis erT-

erTi nawilia – avt.) iyo. es Wa-

Rara kaci misula suleimanTan,

auRia misi xelbargi da meetli-

sTvis miuwodebia, Tavad sulei-

mani ki win dausvamT da gamgza-

vrebulan. roca gaugiaT, rom

igi kaikaciSvili iyo, maRal

kacs misTvis ukiTxavs, Tu visi Svili iyo. suleimanis

pasuxze mas uTqvams: `aba, Cveni ismailis Svili xar?~

rogorc Semdeg gairkva, WaRara kaci ieremia gulisa-

Svili yofila, maRali kaci _ rejeb niJaraZe, xolo

mesame _ arsen wiTliZe.

suleimani mogviTxrobs, Tu rogor Sexvdnen misi

TandaswrebiT stumrebi centrSi myofT, rogor gaabes

maTTan baasi. moiTaTbires da auwyes sofelSi pirveli

qarTuli skolis gaxsnis ganzraxva.

amas kargad Sexvdnen soflis mowinave adamianebi:

axmed da aslan TamazaSvilebi, Zmebi axmed, xasan da

xusein gogitiZeebi, ismail, xusein, omer, Suqri, xasan

kaikaciSvilebi, Zmebi rejeb da osman mowyobilebi, Zme-

bi xusein da skender mowyobilebi, dursun da ramiz

TxilaiSvilebi, isini Caebnen saqmeSi da mezobeli nini-

Ze SeiTanxmes skolisaTvis miwa mieca. Senoba iyides

ozurgeTis mazris sofel baxvSi, urmebiT gadmoitanes

da dadges. qveviT pirveli sarTuli qva gaakeTes, meore

29

sarTuli xis Senoba iyo. skola gaixsna 1916 wlis

martSi.1

amave dRes skola gaxsnes alambarSi, manamde mar-

tis pirvel ricxvebSi sofel yorolisTavSi, xolo

aWaris danarCen soflebSi imave wlis momdeno ricxveb-

Si.

amgvarad, xucubanSi pirveli skolis gaxsnaSi didiwvlili miuZRvis arsen wiTliZes, gulo-aRa da ismailkaikaciSvilebs, eremia gulisaSvils, rejeb niJaraZes,romelTa iniciativiTa da aqtiuri monawileobiT so-felSi Camoyalibda ganaTlebisa da kulturis pirvelikera. skola muSaobas Seudga xusein mowyobilis bina-

Si, mogvianebiT ki, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, mosaxleo-

bam SeiZina oTxoTaxiani saxli baxvSi, gadmoitana da

dadga igi sofelSi.

xucubnis qarTuli skolis maswavleblebi iyvnen:

arsen wiTliZe, masTan erTad Tamar darejanaSvili da

babo bregvaZe. axalgaxsnili skolebi muSaobdnen 1917

wlis Tebervlis burJuaziul-demokratiul revolucia-

mde.

marTalia, mosaxleobaSi wera-kiTxvis ucodinaro-

bis likvidaciiTa da erovnuli cnobierebis ganmtkice-

biT skolam bevri ram gaakeTa, magram erTi yvaviliT

gazafxuli ar modis. dasaxuli didi amocanis ga-

dasawyvetad erTi an ori skola sakmarisi ar iyo, saWi-

ro iyo mTeli qveynis, maT Soris, aWaris masStabiT

skolebis gaxsna.

es amocana intensiurad da globalurad xor-

cieldeboda gasuli saukunis 20-iani wlebidan, roca

daiwyo ganaTlebis axali sistemis Camoyalibeba aWaris

1 ab. surgulaZe, pirveli qarTuli skola xucubanSi,baTumi, 1969.

30

yvela sofelSi, maT Soris qobuleTis raionSi da ker-

Zod, xucubanSi, farTod inergeboda swavla-ganaTleba.

mosaxleobam Tavisi Svilebi _ Wabukebi da qaliSvile-

bi Caaba swavlebaSi. male pirvel oTxklasdamTavrebu-

lebs pirveli rvaklasdamTavrebulebic daematnen, bo-

los _ pirveli saSualoganaTlebuli axalgazrdebic

gamoCndnen. adamianTa Segnebis done iqamde amaRlda

(amas cxovrebac karnaxobda da mosaxleobac naTlad

grZnobda), rom sakmarisi ar iyo saSualo skolis dam-

Tavreba, saWiro iyo umaRlesi ganaTlebis miReba, adgi-

lobrivi mosaxleobisgan saTanado srulyofili kva-

lificiuri specialistebis momzadeba. amrigad, soflisskola iyo is brwyinvale CiraRdani, romelmac gzagauxsna axalgazrdobas saSualo specialuri Tu umaR-lesi ganaTlebis misaRebad, inteligenciis rigebis ga-safarToeblad.

ase TandaTanobiT skolam niadagi moamzada, xucub-

neli axalgazrdebi SeaiaraRa saSualo ganaTlebiT, sa-

Sualo-teqnikurma saswavleblebma da baTumis SoTa

rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo pedagogiurma ins-

titutma (amJamad universiteti), Semdgom Tbilisis,

quTaisisa da bevrma sxva umaRlesma saswavlebelma sa-

Sualo skoladamTavrebuli axalgazrdebisgan moamza-

des calkeuli dargis specialistTa armia. amis Sedegi

iyo swored is, rom xucubnelTa rigebidan aRizardnen:

pedagogebi, eqimebi, agronomebi, zooveteqimebi, te-

qnologebi, inJinrebi, ekonomistebi, iuristebi, samxe-

dro specialistebi, mecnierebi, xelovnebisa da kul-

turis dargis mowinave adamianebi, romlebmac Tavi

gamoiCines saxalxo meurneobis calkeul sferoSi, ga-

naTlebis, kulturis, mecnierebis sxvadasxva dargSi,

rogorc adgilze, xucubanSi, qobuleTis raionuli

31

rejeb niJaraZe

mmarTvelobis aparatis SemadgenlobaSi, ise avtonomi-

uri respublikis partiul, saxe-lmwifo organoebSi Tu

sazogadoebriv organizaciebSi. Tavdauzogavi SromiT

bevri maTgani gascda aWaris farglebs, cxovrobda da

moRvaweobda TbilisSi, moskovSi, leningradSi da sxva

qalaqSi.aWaraSi pirveli umaRlesganaT-

lebulebi iyvnen alambreli rejebniJaraZe, boboyvaTeli iusuf civaZe,xucubneli suleiman kaikaciSvili,xusein nakaiZe, xusein beqiriSvili.

isini TavianTi piradi TvisebebiTa

da sazogadoebriv-erovnuli moRva-

weobiT mniSvnelovani adgili daika-

ves da TvalsaCino roli Seasrules

aWaris mosaxleobis erovnuli cno-

bierebis aRorZineba-ganmtkicebaSi,

kuTxis kulturul da ekonomikur

cxovrebaSi. maTi magaliTi gzas un-

aTebda da swavla-ganaTlebis wyurvils uZlierebda

mTeli kuTxis, qobuleTis raionisa da sofel xucub-

nis axalgazrdebsac.

xucubnelTaTvis stimulis mimcemi iyo aslan iusu-

fis Ze bajeliZe (masze qvemoT).

gamoCenili mxedarTufrosi aslan bajeliZe ekuTv-

nis im qarTveli sabWoTa oficrebis pleadas, romel-

mac muSur-glexur armiaSi samsaxuri saqarTveloSi

sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis pirvelsave wlebSi

daiwyo.

Tbilisis samxedro meTaurTa skolaSi araerTi

axlgazrda Cairicxa qobuleTis raionidan. eseni iyvnen:

32

irakli nakaiZe jemal mesxiZe Temur gogmaCaZe

aslan bajeliZe, xusein beJaniZe, dursun SaviSvili, iu-

suf megreliZe, axmed veruliZe, suleiman inaiSvili.

xucubani amayobs Tavisi Rirseuli da saxelovani

SvilebiT. ai isini: cnobili partiuli da saxelmwifo

moRvawe aleqsandre TxilaiSvili, saxelovani iuristi

jemal bajeliZe, ekonomikis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

profesori aleqsandre (ali) bajeliZe, geografiis

mecnierebaTa kandidatebi xusein da irakli nakaiZeebi,biologiis mecnierebaTa kandidati, docenti jemalmesxiZe, biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

Temur gogmaCaZe, mecnier-muSakebi: ilia bauJaZe, akaki

gogoliSvili da sxvebi.

vin iyo aslan bajeliZe?

aslan bajeliZe iyo xucubnel bajeliZeTa saxelo-

vani warmomadgeneli. igi daibada 1912 wels RirsebiT

savse pirovnebis iusuf bajeliZis ojaxSi.

TerTmeti wlis aslan bajeli-Zes auxda ocneba _

amierkavkasiaSi samxedro polkis skolaSi Caricxes.

bejiTad swavliT imTaviTve miipyro aRmzrdel-maswav-

lebelTa yuradReba. am saswavlebelSi masTan erTad

33

polkovnikiaslan bajeliZe

1912-1983

swavlobda saqarTvelos kompar-

tiis c.k-is yofili pirveli mdi-

vani vasil mJavanaZe.

1926 wels axali kursdamTav-

rebuli aslani ukve oceulis me-

Tauria q. baTumSi, pirveli msro-

leli qarTuli diviziis meore

polkSi. aq man Tavi gamoiCina,

rogorc energiulma da unarianma

meTaurma. 1932 wels kargi muSao-

bisTvis aslani imave polkis

dazvervis aseulis meTaurad

daawinaures. male kapitnis CiniT

gadaiyvanes saswavlo aseulis me-

Taurad.

1936 wels, saqarTvelos sabWoTa xelisuflebis da-

myarebis 15 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT, aslani moskovSi

gagzavnes saqarTvelos mSromelTa delegaciis Semad-

genlobaSi. delegacia qveynis xelmZRvanelebma miiRes

kremlSi. oficris profesiaze Seyvarebuli a. bajeli-

Zis sikoxtaviT, aRnagobiT da SemarTebiT didad moixi-

blnen i. stalini da k. voroSilovi. maT gverdiT miix-

mes aslani, Semdeg ki samaxsovro suraTic gadaiRes.

sabrZolo da politikur momzadebaSi maRali maCvene-

belebisTvis aslan bajeliZe `sapatio niSnis~ ordeniT

daajildoves.

1937 wels aslani moskovis oficerTa samxedro sas-

wavleblis kursantia, Semdeg erT-erTi samxedro Se-

naerTis meTauri, polkis meTaurTa skolis ufrosi, ba-

talionis meTauri, polkis meTauris moadgile.

1939 wels, roca iaponelebi veragulad Tavs daesx-

nen monRoleTis saxalxo respublikas, igi Tavisi ma-

34

maci meomrebiT mTeli 14 dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi gmir-

ulad ebrZoda iaponel samuraebs, romlebmac araer-

Txel igemes Cveni mamaci mebrZolebis Zlieri dartyma.

omis dawyebis dRidan, aslani meTaurobda sxvadasxva

polks, Semdeg 209-e msroleli diviziis erT-erTi pol-

kis meTaurad daniSnes da iaponelTa dajgufebis max-

loblad gadaiyvanes. mas daavales diviziis piradi Se-

madgenlobis sabrZolo momzadeba. frontisTvis rezer-

vebis unarianad momzadebisTvis igi samamulo omis

meore xarisxis ordeniT daajildoves.

1943 wels dekemberSi aslan bajeliZe me-17 armiis

284-e msroleli diviziis meTaurad daawinaures. divi-

ziam iaponelTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi isaxela Tavi. 17

dRe-RameSi brZolebiT gaiara 1200 km, SeuZlebeli SeZ-

lo da sabrZolo davaleba brwyinvaled Seasrula,

risTvisac umaRlesi mTavarsardlis _ i. stalinis mad-

loba daimsaxura, divizias xonganskis saxeli ewoda,

xolo polkovniki aslan bajeliZe wiTeli droSis or-

deniT daajildoves.

1946 wlis ivnisSi, mZimed daWril aslans operacia

gaukeTes, Semdeg ki amierkavkasiis samxedro olqSi

gadmoiyvanes. wlebis manZilze igi iyo anapis saxelo-

bis 414-e wiTeldroSovani qarTuli msroleli diviz-

iis polkis meTauri, sadac diviziis mTeli piradi

Semadgenlobis sayovelTao siyvaruli daimsaxura.

am diviziis yofili meTaurebi, generlebi _ giorgi

yufaraZe, giorgi yuraSvili da petre CxobaZe, diviziis

politganyofilebis yofili ufrosi, gadamdgari pol-

kovniki varlam janeliZe yovelTvis amayobdnen aslan

bajeliZiT, romelic aravis patiobda sabrZolo da

politikuri momzadebis saqmeSi daudevrobas, an upa-

suxismgeblobas. is gonivrulad warmarTavda armiaSi

35

partiul-politikur muSaobas. yovelTvis wina planze

ayenebda adamianebisadmi, maTi pirovnebisadmi pativis-

cemas. Tavad aslan bajeliZe, da es gvarsac axasiaTebs,

xom kristaluri siwmindisa da maRali zneobis gansax-

iereba iyo. igi 1923 wlidan 1954 wlamde, 30 welze meti,

umwikvlod emsaxura saxelmwifos SeiaraRebuli

Zalebis ganmtkicebas. man SeubRalavad atara oficris

urTulesi profesia. yovelTvis iyo cxovrebaSi, saqmi-

anobasa da megobrobaSi magaliTis mimcemi adamiani,

romlis sityva saqmiT iyo damSvenebuli.

aslanma didi samamulo omis frontze nanaxi da

gancdili gaWirveba SeiZleba daiviwya, magram ar daviw-

yebia is, rac am gaWirvebam aswavla.

sanimuSo mxedruli moRvaweobis, faSisturi ger-

maniasa da imperialistur iaponiaze Zlevamosil ga-

marjvebaSi Setanili wvlilisaTvis, aslan bajeliZe

polkovniki aslan bajeliZe (marcxnidan pirveli)naTesav-axloblebTan erTad

36

dajildoebuli iyo 9 ordeniTa da 12 medliT, rom ara-

feri vTqvaT stalinisgan miRebul saxelobiT madlo-

baze.

ai, patiosani adamianis, samSoblosadmi, sazogadoe-

bisadmi Tavdadebuli pirovnebis, maRalmoqalaqeobrivi

Tvisebebi: moxdenili Cacmuloba, sifaqize, sidarbais-

le, keTilsindisierebiT ganvlili da rwmeniT aRsavse

cxovrebis gza didi magaliTia, sicocxlisa da drois

faqtoris uwyvetobis utyuari faqtoria, rac Tanabrad

moqmedebs yvela droSi, warsulSi, awmyoSi da mimar-

Tulia ukeTesi momavlis SeqmnisaTvis. swored batoni

aslan bajeliZis 30-wliani samxedro samsaxuri, 70-

wliani Sinaarsiani saqmiT datvirTuli sicocxle aris

saukeTeso nimuSi amisTvis.

omgamovlili, mZime wlebgadatanili, samSoblosT-

vis uangarod gaweuli samsaxurisTvis mopovebuli or-

denebiTa da medlebiT mkerddamSvenebuli batoni as-

aslan bajeliZe kremlSi (ukana rigSi marcxnidan meoTxe)

37

lani 71 wlis asakSi, 1983 wels gardaicvala. ganisven-

ebs bajeliZeTa sagvareulo sasaflaoze.

aslan bajeliZis mxedrul niWsa da maRal moqa-

laqeobriv Tvisebebze saubrisas metad saintereso da

upriani iqneba moviSvelioT ramdenime amonaridi poli-

tolog arCil takiZis mier saqarTvelos kompartiis

centraluri komitetis yofili pirveli mdivnis vasil

pavles Ze mJavanaZis Sesaxeb dawerili mogonebidan.

gasuli saukunis 50-70-ian wlebSi, _ wers a. takiZe,

_ meoTxed saukuneze metxans partiis qedis raionul

da aWaris saolqo komitetSi vmuSaobdi, aqedan 19 weli

vasil mJavanaZis saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri

komitetis pirveli mdivnis maRal postze moRvaweobis

periods emTxveva. ramdenjerme mqonda bedniereba, par-

tiul muSakTa viwro jgufTan erTad, piradad Sevxved-

rodi da mesaubra masTan. partiul RonisZiebebze mra-

valjer momismenia misi moxsenebebi da gamosvlebi.

CemTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani da dauviwyari Sex-

vedra vasil mJavanaZis damsaxurebul pensiaze gasvlis

Semdeg, 1984 wels qobuleTis raionis sofel xucu-

banSi saxelovani polkovnikis aslan bajeliZis ojaxSi

Sedga. vasil mJavanaZe da aslan bajeliZe uaxloesi me-

gobrebi iyvnen, rasac 1923-1925 wlebSi Tbilisis msro-

lelTa samxedro saswavlebelSi erTad swavlis peri-

odSi Caeyara safuZveli. kursantebi imdenad dauax-

lovdnen erTmaneTs da daZmakacdnen, rom v. mJavanaZe

zafxulis ardadegebs xSirad sofel xucubanSi, aslan

bajeliZis ojaxSi atarebda. samxedro cxovrebam Semd-

gomSi maTi cxovreba gahyara, magram isini mainc mtkice

megobrebad darCnen. partiis centraluri komitetis

pirvel mdivnad muSaobis periodSi vasil mJavanaZe xSi-

rad interesdeboda aslan bajeliZis mdgomareobiT,

38

vasil mJavanaZe megobris, meore msoflio omis gmiris,polkovnik aslan bajeliZis saflavTan

magram baton aslans erTxelac ar ucdia didi mego-

bris piradi intresebisTvis gamoyeneba, piriqiT, man

uari Tqva vasil mJavanaZis SeTavazebul araerT maRal

Tanamdebobaze.

aslan bajeliZe 1983 wels gardaicvala. sxvadasxva

mizezis gamo mis dakrZalvas vasil mJavanaZe ver

daeswro. ojaxma misi amaRelvebeli depeSa miiRo mos-

kovidan. meore wels v. mJavanaZe qobuleTSi imyofeboda

da moisurva aslan bajeliZis saflavze misvla. pensi-

aSi myofi vasil mJavanaZe mainc didi pirovneba iyo da

bajeliZeTa sagvarulosa da xucubnis kolmeurneobis

saxelovanma Tavkacma vladimer bajeliZem partiis qo-

buleTis raikomis pirvel mdivans da aRmaskomis Tav-

mjdomares sTxova sapatio stumarTan Sexvedra, magram

maT uari uTxres: Cven amis gakeTeba saqarTvelos kom-

partiis centraluri komitetis nebarTvis gareSe ar

SegviZliao _ ganucxades mas. es arajansaRi damokide-

buleba adre aRiarebuli, Semdeg wasuli xelmZRvanel-

39

isadmi, komunisturi reJimis Sedegi gvegona, magram,

samwuxarod, mas Semdegac ase gagrZelda da, albaT, mo-

mavalSic ase iqneba. xelmZRvaneli yovelTvis unda da-

fasdes, xelmZRvanelobaSic da wasvlis Semdegac. sau-

baria WeSmarit xelmZRvanelze (avt.). Sewuxebuli vla-

dimer bajeliZe aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis mi-

nistrTa sabWoSi Camovida da miTxra, mirCie, rogor

moviqceo. me maSin ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomaris mo-

adgiled vmuSaobdi da mas vkiTxe: Cemi daxvedra sak-

marisi Tu iqneba-meTqi. man kmayofileba gamoTqva. meore

dRes vasil mJavanaZis erT-erT Tavgadaklul Tayvanis-

mcemelTan, aWaris ganaTlebis ministr vaxtang wuluki-ZesTan erTad, Zvirfas stumars aslan bajeliZis saf-

lavTan davxvdiT. male vasil mJavanaZe movida, didi

gvirgvini moitana da karga xans mdumared dascqeroda

megobris saflavs. Semdeg mokled, STambeWdavad ilapa-

raka aslan bajeliZis pirovnebaze, mis kacurkacobaze,

sabrZolo damsaxurebaze, gansakuTrebiT xazi gausva

mis did rols uZlevelad miCneuli iaponelTa kvantu-

nis armiis ganadgurebaSi. mraval ordensa da medals

Soris gamoyo umaRlesi mTavarsardlis i.b. stalinis

saxelobiTi madloba, romelic saqarTveloSi 18-ma, xo-

lo aWaridan mxolod orma mebrZolma miiRo.

Semdeg maspinZlebma aslan bajeliZis saxlSi migvi-

patiJes. batoni vasili yvelafers didi interesiT aT-

valierebda. gaixsena, rom aslanis mSoblebs 20-iani

wlebis dasawyisSi patara ficruli oda-saxli hqon-

daT. `me da aslani meore sarTulze, sastumro oTaxSi,

vcxovrobdiT, dRes yvelaferi Secvlili da galamaze-

bulia. maSin aseTi didi sasaxleebi vis hqonda. batonma

vladimerma moaxsena, rom sofelma Tqveni xelmZRvane-

lobis dros moiTqva suli. es didebuli saxlebi Tqven

40

dros aaSenes. didebul skolas, kulturis saxls, bib-

lioTekas, kinodarbazs da sxva sikeTes glexebi Tqven

gimadlian, batono vasil~.

Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo, pativcemulno, skender maswav-

leblis mogvareebo da Tanasoflelo xucubnelebo,

vfiqrobT, marTali viqnebiT, Tu vityviT, rom baton as-

lan bajeliZis damsaxurebis ukeTes Sefasebas ise ve-

ravin SeZlebs, rogorc vasil mJavanaZem warmoadgina,1

_ wers batoni arCil takiZe.

SesaZloa, vinmem Tqvas, wigni eZRvneba skender ba-

jeliZes da aslan bajeliZeze amdeni laparaki ra saWi-

ro iyoo. es mouzomavi Tanafardoba maTze saubrisas

xom ar Crdilavs wignis mTavar gmirs? Cven ki vupasu-

xebT aseT oponents (Tu ki iqneba vinme), rom polkovnik

aslan bajeliZeze ramdenic vilaparkoT (Tumca zomaze

meti araferi ra varga), skender bajeliZis pirovnebas

Crdils ki ar ayenebs, piriqiT, mis avtoritets ufro

amaRlebs. batoni aslani xom skender maswavleblis

ara marto mogvare, aramed misi biZacaa, Tanasoflelia,

xucubnelia da ara ucxo. Tu Cven xucubnis, am saxel-

ganTqmuli soflis saqveynod aRiarebas aRvniSnavT, mis

warsuls, ufros Taobas vixsenebT, vsaubrobT mis in-

teligenciaze, romlis fesvebidan erT-erTi pirveli da

sxvebisaTvis tonis mimcemi xom batoni aslani brZan-

deboda. skender maswavlebeli (da ara marto is) am in-

teligenciis rigebSi gaizarda da aslan bajeliZe, es-

oden saxelganTqmuli, samSoblosTvis daxarjuli kaci

misi mkvidri iyo da amayobda misi saxeliTa da avto-

ritetiT. batoni aslani Tavisi pirovnuli RirsebebiT

didi figura iyo, ara marto mSobliur kuTxeSi, sa-

1 s. dumbaZe, aWaris avtonomiuri respublika meore msoflioomis periodSi (1939-1945 ww.), baTumi, 2005, gv. 46-49.

41

vladimer bajeliZe1923-1998

qarTveloSi, aramed mTeli kavSiris masStabiT. is mar-

to Tavis Tavs ki ar ekuTvnoda, aramed samSoblos sax-

elovani, saamayo Svili iyo. amdenad, dagveTanxmebiT,

saamayo da sayovelTaod sayvareli da, miT umetes, na-

Tesavic Tua, masze laparki arasdros vinmes Crdilad

ar gadaiqceva. misi saxelisa da avtoritetis madli

yvela kaikacis darajad da mfarvel angelozad moev-

lineba. ase, rom kargi wris wevrTa avtoriteti maRla

swevs TiToeuli wevris avtoritetsac.

batoni aslan bajeliZe ara marto bajeliZeebSi, an

xucubanSi, qobuleTSi, aramed

saqarTvelos istoriaSi erT-

erT aRiarebul mxedarTmTav-

rad darCeba. misi saxeli da

ganvlili cxovreba lampariviT

gzas gaunaTebs axalgazrdobas

momavlis SenebaSi.

sofel xucubans alamaze-

ben sxva bajeliZeebic, omis

frontze sabrZolo SemarTe-

biT Tu Sromis velze miRweu-

li warmatebebiT, razedac ze-

moT aRiniSna.

polkovnik aslan bajeliZis Semdeg gamovyofdiT

mis ZmisSvils, baton vladimer xuseinis Ze bajeliZes,romlis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli xucubnis TvalsaCi-

no da sakavSirod aRiarebuli miRwevebi. Tavisi moqa-

laqeobrivi RirsebebiT, sidinjiT, TavdaWerilobiT,

profesionalizmiT, principulobiT, mSromeli adamia-

nebisadmi mzrunvelobiT, sameurneo da saxelmwifoeb-

rivi mmarTvelobis unar-CvevebiT xucubnelTa da (ara

marto xucubnelTa) rigebs amSvenebda vladimer xusei-

42

SromiT mopovebuli jildoebi

nis Ze bajeliZe. is am wignis mTavari gmiris _ skender

bajeliZis momdevno Zma gaxldaT. iyo aWaris soflis

meurneobis muSakTa gvardiis Rirseuli warmomadgene-

li, SesaniSnavi specialisti, gamorCeuli organizato-

ri, sakavSiro soflis meurneobis damsaxurebuli muSa-

ki, sakavSiro umaRlesi sabWos ori mowvevis deputati,

im dros aRiarebuli saxelmwifos umaRlesi jilode-

bis, leninis da Sromis wiTeli droSis ordenebis ka-

valeri.

vladimer bajeliZe daibada 1923 wels, qobuleTis

raionis sofel xucubanSi. SromiTi saqmianoba sruli-

ad axalgazrdam 1947 wels daiwyo CaqvSi ubnis agrono-

mad da mas Semdeg naxevari saukune emsaxureboda aWa-

ris avtonomiuri respublikis soflis meurneobis

aRorZinebis saqmes. vladimeri iyo aWaris mcenareTa

dacvis saxelmwifo inspeqciis muSaki, raionis soflis

meurneobis ganyofilebis mecitruseobis dargis agro-

nomi, xucubnis kolmeurneobis ubnis agronomi, gvaras

kolmeurneobis jer mTavari agronomi, Semdgom Tav-

mjdomare.

43

1962 wels batoni vladimeri airCies mSobliuri

soflis kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomared. swored misi

xelmZRvanelobiT srulad icvala sofelma saxe. Sro-

mis axali meTodebis farTod danergviT, mSromelTa

iniciativis stimulireba-waxalisebiT, misTvis ekonomi-

kuri berketebis moqnilad gamoyenebiT sofeli xucuba-

ni gaiyvana mTeli qveynis masStabiT mowinaveTa rigebSi.

vladimer bajeliZis xelmZRvanelobiT, sofeli iRebda

Caisa da citrusis sarekordo mosavals, risTvisac

mTavrobis araerTi jildo daimsaxura. misi TaosnobiT

Catarda respublikuri yriloba soflad sanimuSo wes-

rigsa da disciplinis ganmtkicebisaTvis, ramac farTo

gamoxmaureba pova saqarTvelos yvela regionSi.

vladimer bajeliZes pensiaSi gasvlis Semdegac ar

Sewuyvetia aqtiuri sazogadoebrivi saqmianoba. misi ga-

mocdilebiT araerTi sazogadoebrivi sakiTxi mogvare-

bela qobuleTis raionSi.

1998 wels wavida Cvengan SesaniSnavi organizatori,

gulisxmieri, Tavmdabali, samSobloze, ojaxze, xalxze

uzomod Seyvarebuli adamiani, datova aRiarebuli sax-

eli da dauviwyari saqmeebi. misi xsovna samudamod

darCeba ara marto megobrebis, kolegebis, axloblebis,

xucubnelebis, bajeliZeTa gvaris, aramed xeobis isto-

riaSi, _ aRniSnulia vladimer bajeliZis Sesaxeb aWa-

ris soflis meurneobis da sursaTis saministros mier

momzadebul nekrologSi (masze saubari qvemoT).1

vladimer bajeliZis madliani gza da tradiciebi

gaagrZela giorgi bajeliZem.

xucubnel bajeliZeTa gvaris 50 ojaxs Soris erT-

erTi qemal xuseinis Ze bajeliZis (1893-1963) (meuRle

1 vladimer bajeliZe (nekrologi), gaz. `aWara~, 4 nomeberi, 1998,gv. 4.

44

aleqsandrebajeliZe

Tenzile xasanis asuli xabazi, 1895-1979 ww.) ojaxi gax-

lavT. maTi Svilebi arian: severiane, aleqsandre, gior-gi.

severiane daibada 1912 wels. man jer safinanso-

ekonomikuri kursebi, Semdeg Tbilsis saxelmwifo uni-

versitetis safinanso-ekonomikuri fakulteti daamTav-

ra. cxovrobda baTumSi, monawileobda faSizmis wi-

naaRmdeg brZolaSi. omis Semdeg muSaobda xucubnis

kolmeurneobis buxhaltrad, 1950 wlidan _ aWaris sax-

alxo kontrolis komitetSi, iyo aWaris saeqsperto ko-

misiis Tavmjdomare. bolos aWaris finansTa saminist-

ros sarevizio sakontrolo jgufis

ufrosi. omgamovlili veterani 1982

wels, 70 wlis asakSi gardaicvala.

dasaflavebulia xucubanSi bajeli-

ZeTa sagvareulo saflavze.

severianis momdveno Zma iyo

aleqsandre (ali) (1923-1985 ww.) daam-

Tavra xucubnis saSualo skola. ro-

gorc warCinebuli kursdamTavrebu-

li, 1941 wels ugamocodod Cairicxa

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

iuridiul fakultetze. germania-sabWoTa kavSiris omis

dawyebis gamo, swavla veRar ganagrZo da ojaxSi dab-

runda. rogorc friadosani, daniSnes wyavrokis Svid-

wliani skolis fizika-ma-Tematikis maswavleblad. 1942

wlis maisSi gaiwvies frontze. monawileobda mraval

sabrZolo operaciaSi, maT Soris, ibrZoda berlinTan.

1945 wlis bolos, omgadaxdili meomari, ordenebiT da

medlebiT mkerddamSvenebuli, demobilizebul iqna. 1946

wels swavla ganagrZo Tbilisis saxelmwifo universi-

tetSi, magram ara iuridiul, aramed ekonomikur fa-

45

giorgi bajeliZe

kultetze. universitetis dasrulebis Semdeg iqve daam-

Tavra aspirantura, daicva sakandidato da sadoq-toro

disertaciebi da gaxda ekonomikis mecnierebaTa doq-

tori, profesori. gamoqveynebuli hqonda 56 samecniero

naSromi, maT Soris, 4 monografia. specialistTa didi

yuradReba daimsaxura misma araerTma naSromma, gan-

sakuTrebiT ki `aWaris soflis meurneobis ekonomikis

aqtualurma sakiTxebma~.

aleqsandre bajeliZem didi roli Seasrula poli-

tikuri ekonomikis saxelmZRvanelos SeqmnaSi. gansakuT-

rebiT aRsaniSnavia misi wvlili aWaris socialur-

ekonomikur istoriis SeswavlaSi. man am Temaze araer-

Ti naSromi gamoaqveyna. maTgan aRsaniSnavia monogra-

fiebi, romlebSic Seswavlilia aWaris ekonomikis is-

toria 1878-1921 wlebSi (rus. enaze), socialisturi

ekonomikis warmoSoba da damkvidreba aWaraSi (1921-1940

ww), aWaris soflis meurneobis ekonomikis sakiTxebi1

da sxv. samecniero moRvaweobasa da sazogadoebriv saq-

mianobaSi miRweuli warmatebebisTvis dajildoebuli

iyo ivane javaxiSvilis medliT. misi xelmZRvanelobiT

momzadda da dacul iqna ara-

erTi sakandidato da sadoqto-

ro disertacia. omSi mamacobi-

saTvis miRebuli hqonda ram-

denime jildo, maT Soris me-

dali `mamacobisaTvis~. aleq-

sandre nayofieri da perspeqtiu-

li mecnieri iyo. magram avtoka-

tastrofaSi moxvedram Searyia

misi janmrTeloba. gardaicvala

1 samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, aWara, t.,IV, baTumi, 2012, gv. 539.

46

1985 wels. dasaflavebulia mSobliur sofelSi, baje-

liZeTa sagvarulo sasaflaoze.

aleqsandre bajeliZem da misma meuRlem, Tina mala-

niam, samSoblos gauzardes ori Svili _ ciuri da gu-

rami, romlebic cxovroben TbilisSi da agrZeleben

ojaxisa da gvaris tradiciebs.

qemal bajeliZis mesame vaJiSvilma giorgim (daiba-

da 1931 wels) 1956 wels daamTavra xucubnis saSualo

skola, erTxans muSaobda soflis klubis gamged, Sem-

deg gaiwvies samxedro samsaxurSi, daamTavra kaunasis

saxelmwifo saoficro skola da 1954 wels daasrula

samxedro samsaxuri Tadarigis oficris CiniT. jaridan

dabrunebis Semdeg igi muSaobda xucubnis kolmeurne-

obaSi sxvadasxva Tanamdebobaze. 1955 wels Cairicxa

Tbilisis sasoflo-same-urneo institutSi, ekonomika-

organizaciis fakultetze (dauswreblad); 1961 wels

daamTavra aRniSnuli umaR-lesi saswavlebeli agrono-

mis specialobiT. 1957 wlidan muSaobda umcros ag-

ronomad, mcenareTa dacvis agronomad, mTavar agrono-

mad. iyo sakolmeurneo partiuli komitetis mdivani,

1983-1993 wlebSi ki amave kolmeurneobis Tavkaci. aris

damsaxurebuli ekonomisti, arCeulia q. qobuleTis sa-

patio moqalaqed. hyavs meuRle nazi gogmaCaZe, romelic

amJamad pensioneria. maT gazardes Svilebi: irina, le-

vani da ilia. samive umaRlesi ganaTlebiTaa. irina ni-

JaraZeebis rZalia, cxovrobs q. qobuleTSi, levani

cxovrobs da muSaobs TbilisSi, xolo ilia _ qobu-

leTis samxedro komisariatSi.

giorgim, rogorc soflis Tavkacma, rogorc zemoT

iTqva, Rirseulad gaagrZela winamorbedis, vladimer

bajeliZis saxelovani tradiciebi da kargi saxeli da-

tova soflis mosaxleobasa da raionis xelmZRvane-

47

rezo bajeliZis ojaxi.meuRle rusudani, Svilebi:

mzia da daviTi

lobaSi. dRes giorgi pensioneria da ojaxSi saqmia-

nobs, Tavs irTobs SviliSvilebze ferebiT da maTi

warmatebebiT xarobs.

rezo bajeliZe skender

maswavleblis biZaSvilia.

daibada 1926 wels xucuban-

Si. daamTavra saSualo sko-

la, mwvane koncxis teqniku-

mi. muSaobda sabuRaltro

aRricxvis xaziT sxvadasxva

dawesebulebaSi.

1968 wels dauswreblad

daamTavra soxumis subtro-

pikuli institutis agrono-

miuli fakulteti. muSaobda

xucubnis milioner kolmeu-

rneobaSi sxvadasxva Tanam-

debobaze. iyo gvaras ubnis

ufrosi agronomi, saidanac

gavida pensiaSi.

datova kargi ojaxi _ meuRle rusudani, Svilebi:

nana, mzia, daTo. yvela umaRlesi ganaTlebiT. rezo

gaxda babuac. gardaicvala 2010 wlis 15 agvistos. gan-

isvenebs sagvareulo sasaflaoze.

xucubnelTa saamayod unda aRiniSnos, rom am sof-

lis mkvidrni dawinaurdnen ara marto qobuleTis

raionul, aramed aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi sax-

elmwifo, partiul da sazogadoebriv organoebSi. uwi-

nares yovlisa, unda aRiniSnos, rom aWaris avtonomi-

uri respublikis xelmZRvanelad, aWarel mkvidrTagan

pirvelad dawinaurebul daviT mamulaZis1 (romelmac

1 s. dumbaZe, vl. mamulaZe, xixanis saarwivodan, baTumi, 1998.

48

aleqsandreTxilaiSvili

jemal bajeliZe

gaamarTla xalxis, zemdgomi xelmZRvaneli organoebis

ndoba da imedebi, gaalRo aWarisa da aWarlebisadmi

undoblobis yinuli), Semdeg airCies xucubnis mkvidri,

im dros aWaris ministrTa sabWos

Tavmjdomare aleqsandre Txilai-Svili, igi TiTqmis ori aTeuli

wlis manZilze unarianad marTav-

da aWaras, agrZelebda winamor-

bedTa saxelovan tradiciebs.

SemTxveviTi ar aris is faqtic,

rom aleqsandre TxilaiSvilis

cxovrebasa da moRvaweobas pro-

fesorma SoTa jafariZem miuZRvna

specialuri naSromi.1 amitom aq

mokled xazs vusvamT mis did dam-

saxurebas ara marto xucubnelebis, aramed aWaris av-

tonomiuri respublikis mkvidrTa winaSe. amitom maTze

saubars amiT davasrulebT.

xucubnel bajeliZeTa erT-erTi

Rirseuli warmomadgeneli iyo je-mal bajeliZec (d. 1926 w.). jemalma

aqve daamTavra saSualo skola, Sem-

deg ki _ Tbilisis iv. javaxiSvilis

saxelobis saxelmwifo univeriste-

ti da miiRo iuristis specialoba.

1949-1952 wlebSi muSaobda saqarTve-

los respublikis prokuraturaSi,

sagamoZiebo ganyofilebis prokuro-

rad, 1952 wels sruliad axalgazr-

da daawinaures aWaris avtonomiuri

respublikis prokuroris moadgiled. 1953 wels mas

1 S. jafariZe, xalxis samsaxurSi, baTumi, 2003.

49

levan bajeliZe

irCeven aWaris umaRlesi sasamarTlos Tavmjdomared

da imave wels _ aWaris iusticiis ministrad. iyo aWa-

ris advokatTa kolegiis prezidiumis Tavmjdomare, aWa-

ris ministrTa sabWos saqmeTa mmarTveli (1961-1962 ww.)

aWaris prokurori (1963-1974 ww.), Semdgom isev iustici-

is ministri (1975-1989 ww.), saidanac gavida damsax-

urebul pensiaze. bolo wlebSi eweoda saadvokato saq-

mianobas. igi iyo erudirebuli pirovneba da maRal-

kvalificiuri specialisti. iuristi, uaRresad pati-

osani, principuli da marTlmsajulebis erTguli msa-

xuri. jemal bajeliZe Tanabari obieqturobiT wyvetda

rogorc adamianTa uflebebis, aseve, saxelmwifo in-

teresebis dacvis sakiTxebs. samarTlebriv organoebSi

xelmZRvanel Tanamdebobebze muSaobiT, man didi wvli-

li Seitana axalgazrda specialistebis aRzrdasa da

daostatebaSi. misi profesionalizmi, saxelmwifosadmi

damsaxureba, moqalaqeobrivi Rirsebebi, gaweuli sa-

qmianoba dafasda saxelmwfo jildoebiT, iyo aWaris

umaRlesi sabWos deputati. igi 70 wels gadacilebuli,

gardaicvala, ganisvenebs mSoblur sofelSi, ba-

jeliZeTa sagareulo sasaflaoze.1

xucubnis mkvidria levan baje-liZe, romelic daibada 1934 wlis 15

agvistos. daamTavra: xucubnis saSu-

alo skola (1953 w.) saqarTvelos

sasoflo-sameurneo institutis ag-

ronomiuli fakulteti swavluli

agronomis diplomiT (1962 w.), amave

institutis aspirantura (1972w.) dai-

cva sakandidato disertacia soxu-

1 jemal bajeliZe (nekrologi), gaz. `aWara~, 18 ivnisi, 1997.

50

jumberbajeliZe

mis subtropikul institutSi, mieniWa

soflis meurneobis kandidatis same-

cniero xarisxi. imsaxura jarSi, mu-

Saobda samkurnalo mcenareTa sa-

kavSiro kvleviTi institutis amier-

kavkasiis zonalur sacdel sadgurSi

ufros mecnier-TanamSromlad (1988-

2006 ww.) amave sadguris direqtori

iyo. gamocemuli aqvs 41 samecniero

naSromi. miRebuli aqvs ori saavto-

ro mowmoba iseTi samkurnalo prepa-

ratebis SeqmnaSi, rogoricaa: ven-

blastini da livitozoni, romlebic gamoiyeneba lei-

kemiis samkurnalod.

jumber bajeliZe, dabadebuli 1932 wlis 19 Teber-

vals, xucubanSi. 1951 wels daamTavra xucubnis saSu-

alo skola, 1960 wels _ baTumis subtropikuli te-

qnikumi da muSaobda kvirikes meurneobaSi agronomad.

paralelurad, daamTavra soxumis subtropikuli meur-

neobis instituti (1968 w.). sxvadasxva dros iyo xucub-

nis kolmeurneobaSi araerT sapasuxismgeblo Tanamde-

bobaze. 1992 wlidan pensioneria. hyavs meuRle da erTi

Svili.

saerTod, yvela qarTvelisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT,

xucubnelTaTvis saamayoa is faqtic, rom maTi rigebi-

dan ori niWieri axalgazrda daewafa xelovnebisa da

kulturis iseT dargs, rogoricaa Teatri. saqarTve-

los saxalxo artistebi _ iusuf kobalaZe da merabxinikaZe, TbilisSi umaRlesi Teatraluri ganaTlebis

miRebis Semdeg, moRvaweobdnen baTumis ilia WavWavaZis

saxelobis saxelmwifo dramatul TeatrSi. nayofieri

moRvaweobiT, samsaxiobo artistizmiT, Sesrulebis

51

originaluri manerebiTa da gardasaxvis virtuozuli

niWiT, mayurebelTa didi siyvaruli da pativiscema

daimsaxures. Teatraluri xelovnebisa da saqarTvelos

istoriaSi maTi saxelebi ukvdavia. dauviwyaria iusuf

kobalaZis mier Seqmnili saxeebi _ oidipos mefe, ote-

lo, bagrationi, beqir gurjiZe, arsena. agreTve, dauviw-

yaria merab xinikaZis mier Sesrulebuli rolebi: kik-

viZe, napoleoni, uriel akosta, nezmanovi, iago, erekle

mefe, kartaSovi, giJua, selim ximSiaSvili, papa onise,

TevraTi da sxva mravali. isini, miuxedavad imisa, rom

didi SemoqmedebiTi moRvaweobiT dakavebulni iyvnen, ar

iviwyebdnen mSoblur sofels, zrunavdnen masze, mona-

wileobdnen soflis yvela RonisZiebaSi, axarebdnen Ta-

nasoflelebs, Snosa da lazaTs matebdnen xeobis Ro-

nisZiebebs.

raki xucubnelTa xelovnebaze vlaparkobT, aqve

SeiZleba davasaxeloT kidev erTi xelovani am sofli-

dan, romelsac, marTalia, klasikuri Tu specialuri

iusuf kobalaZe _saqarTvelos

saxalxo artisti

merab xinikaZe _saqarTvelos

saxalxo artisti

52

ganaTleba ar hqonda miRebuli, magram bunebrivi niWiT

dajildoebuli xelovani virtuozulad ukravda Con-

gurze, Wibonze da kargadac amRerebda Zvel da axal

simRerebs. bevr simReras Tavad qmnida xolme. mas ara

marto xucubansa da qobuleTis raionSi, aramed mis

farglebs gareTac icnobdnen, rogorc meCongure Tu

meWibone xusia bajeliZes (mis Sesaxeb ix. vrclad qve-

moT).

xucubnelTa Soris bevri saxelovani da qebuli

adamiania. mivesalmebiT yvelas TiToeulad, cal-cal-

ke, vusurvebT janmrTelobas, xangrZliv sicocxles

gaerTianebul, gamTlianebul, gamdidrebul, yvela ada-

mianiT dasaqmebul, yvela saojaxo yulabagadidebul,

bolomde gademokratebul saqarTveloSi. bodiSs vixd-

iT im xucubnelTa winaSe, romlebzec weras ver

vaxerxebT, wignis moculobis, sagamomcemlo saqmiano-

bis wesebiT SezRudlobis gamo, da gTxovT, mogviteoT.

warmodgenili wignis wakiTxvas vandobT TiToeul

xucubnels. marTalia, wigni Semoifargleba bajeli-

Zeebze saubriT, magram Tqvendami siyvaruli da pati-

viscema, Zvirfaso xucubnelebo, am striqonebsac gam-

ovayoleT.

$3. bajeliZeTa gvaris warmomavlobisa daetimologiis Sesaxeb

rogorc zemoT vTqviT, sofeli xucubani saintere-

soa ara marto Tavisi geografiul-reliefuri mdeba-

reobiT, klimatur-meteorologiuri pirobebiT, mraval-

ferovani flora-fauniT, istoriuli warsuliT Tu ga-

53

datanili brZolebiT, aramed sayuradReboa agreTve sa-

kuTari demografiuli suraTiTac.

xucubanSi cxovroben ZirZveli, metad cnobili da

aRiarebuli gvarebi: anTaZeebi, babulaZeebi, baJunaiSvi-

lebi, bauJaZeebi, bajeliZeebi, bladaZeebi, gogitiZeebi,

gogmaCaZeebi, gorgilaZeebi, dumbaZeebi, emiriZeebi, Txi-

laiSvilebi, kaikaciSvilebi, kobalaZeebi, konceliZeebi,

megreliZeebi, mowyobilebi, mJavanaZeebi, nakaiZeebi, nem-

saZeebi, oqropiriZeebi, stamboliSvilebi, qaTamaZeebi,

SubaliZeebi, cecxlaZeebi, xinikaZeebi.

sofeli TandaTanobiT izrdeboda aWaris mTiani

raionebidan Casaxlebuli Tu saqarTvelos sxva regio-

nebidan, an kidev qobuleTis sxva soflebidan gan-

saxlebulebis xarjze. amitom aq mcxovreb ZirZvel gva-

rebs Soris gaCnda axali gvarebi: arTmelaZeebi, baTni-

Zeebi, beriZeebi, bolqvaZeebi, daviTaZeebi, diasamiZeebi,

vaSaymaZeebi, vasaZeebi, kaxaZeebi, miqelaZeebi, lomiZeebi,

mgelaZeebi, solomoniZeebi, surmaniZeebi, koCaliZeebi,

SavaZeebi, SainiZeebi, civaZeebi, xaxutaiSvilebi, xozre-

vaniZeebi da sxv.

skender bajeliZis biZaSvilebi

54

rogorc davinaxeT CamoTvlil gvarebis Soris erT-

erTi ZirZveli, cnobili bajeliZeTa gvaria.

gvar-saxelebze saubrisas zogadad mainc unda vi-

codeT ori mTavari momenti: pirveli, gvar-saxelebis

warmomavlobis Teoria da, meore, gvaris istoria. zog-

adi monacemebis safuZvelze ki unda moxdes sakvlevad

aRebuli gvaris warmomavlobisa da etimologiis gaana-

lizeba. amgvarad, gvar-saxelebis problemis garkve-

visTvis saWiroa Teoriuli baza, rac sxvadasxva kuTx-

iT SemuSavebulia qarTvel mecier-mkvlevarTa Sromeb-

Si. yvelaze didi roli Seasrules leqsikografebma da

leqsikologebma. am saqmes saqarTveloSi fuZe daudo

sulxan-saba orbelianma. man Seqmna `sityvis kona~, ro-

melic aris leqsikoni s. ioramiSvilis redaqciiTa da

winasityvaobiT (Tb., 1948). es saSviliSvilo saqme ga-

nagrZo Tedo Jordaniam, romelmac Seqmna `qronikebis~

samtomeuli. masSi, bevr sxva sakiTxTan erTad, ganxi-

lulia araerTi gvar-saxeli. amas mohyva 1924 wels s.

kakabaZis `dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio sabuTebi~,

1961 wels - niko CubinaSvilis `qarTuli leqsikoni~

(al. Rlontis redaqciiTa da gamokvleviT); 1964 wels _

al. Rlontis `qarTuli leqsikoni, qarTuli gvarsax-

elebi~; zurab WumburiZis `ra gqvia Sen?~ (1971 w.),

qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia (1975 w.), tbeTis sulTa

matiane, romelic gamosacemad moamzada, gamokvleva da

saZieblebi daurTo Tina enuqiZem (1977 w.); ilia maisur-

aZis `qarTuli gvarsaxelebi~ (saleqsikono bibliogra-

fiuli masalebi (1981 w.); kona gigineSvilis mier gamo-

cemuli `berZnuli da romanuli sakuTari saxelebis

orTografiuli leqskoni~ (1985 w.); al. Rlontis `sa-

kuTari saxelebi: qarTveluri saxelebi~ (1986 w.); qar-

Tuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, erTtomeuli (1986

55

w.) da mravaltomeuli; roland TofCiSvilis `XIX sau-

kunis mosaxleobis aRwera saqarTveloSi,~ Jur. `mnaTo-

bi~, #12 (1981 w.); avTandil silagaZisa da anzor ToTa-

Zis `gvar-saxelebi saqarTveloSi~ (1997 w.), iakob axuaS-

vilis `qarTuli gvar-saxelebi saqarTveloSi~, xuT-

tomeuli, IV, (2004 w.) ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, Sedge-

nili m. WabaSvilis mier, meore gamocema (1989 w.); ara-

fers vambobT saqarTvelos istoriis did korifeebze

(iv. javaxiSvili, n. berZeniSvili, s. janaSia, p. ingo-

royva da sxva mravali), romelTa calkeul naSromebSi

ganxilulia CvenTvis amjerad saintereso sakiTxebi.

eris, qveynis, misi Semadgeneli nawilebis, regio-

nebis, olqebis, xeobebis, soflebisa Tu qalaqebis is-

toriis srulyofilad Seswavla moiTxovs gvarebis is-

toriis Seswavlasac. ama Tu im pirovnebis cxovreba-

saqmianoba _ moRvaweobis monografuli gamokvlevisT-

vis saWiroa misi winaprebis vinaobis garkveva. winap-

rebis aRsaniSanvad ki uZvelesi droidan gaCnda adami-

anTa saxelebi da gvarebi. saxeli erTi pirovnebis sa-

kuTari saxelia, amdenad yvela pirovnebas Tavisi, sa-

kuTari saxeli aqvs. sakuTari saxeli ki gaCnda adami-

anis azrovnebis dawyebis droidan, erTimeorisgan ada-

mianebis gasarCevad. amisaTvis adre saxeli sakmarsi

iyo. magram droTa ganmavlobaSi adamianebis erTmaneTi-

sagan _ Tavisi sexniasgan gasarCevad-saWiro darCa dama-

tebiTi saxeli, anu gvari, romelic aerTianebda sisx-

liT naTesavebs, gvarovnul, tomobriv gaerTianebebs.

amdenad pirvelad gaCnda saxeli, xolo Semdeg gvari,

ramac gaadvila sazogadoebis wevrTa urTierToba.

sainteresoa isic, rom TiTqmis yvela xalxSi sax-

eli ansxvavebs kacsa da qals. bevr enaSi (rusuli,

Turquli), sqesis garda saxeliTa da gvariT gamokve-

56

Tilia naTesaobac. amasTan, aris kacisa da qalis sazi-

aro saxelebic, magaliTad, giuli, suliko, guguli,

dodo, ia da sxva mravali. saxeli `giuli~ saqarTve-

loSi 3548 qals hqvia da 606 mamakacs, `dodo~ _ 6530

qals da 163 mamakacs, `suliko~ _ 3803 qals da 4680

mamakacs, `ia~ _ 13215 qals da 148 mamakacs da a.S.1

gvar-saxeli iseTi fenomenia, romlis Sesaswavlad

arsebobs araerTi mecniereba, romlebic sxvadasxva

aspeqtiT ikvleven gvar-saxelTa sakiTxebs.

gvar-saxelebis istoriaze warmodgena rom gvqon-

des, saWiroa verkveodeT iseT terminebSi, rogoricaa

onomasiologia da onomastika.

onomasiologia (onomatologia), berZnuli sityvaa

da erTi gagebiT niSnavs ama Tu im enaSi arsebul sa-

kuTar saxelTa erTobliobas, meore gagebiT _ enaTmec-

nierebis nawilia, romelic sakuTar saxelebs swav-

lobs.

onomastika (onomastikoni) igive onomasiologiaa,

misi pirveli gagebiT. maSasadme, onomastika (onomasti-

koni) niSnavs sakuTar saxelTa erTobliobas, xolo

onomasiologia (onomatiologia) gulisxmobs sakuTar

saxelTa Sewavlas, kvlevas.

garda aRniSnulebisa, arsebobs kidev sxva termine-

bi: anTroponimika da anTroponimia. profesori aleq-

sandre Rlonti Tavis naSromSi `qarTuli sakuTari sa-

xelebi~2 ganmartavs, rom pirveli termini _ anTropo-

nimika (berZ.) onomatologiis nawilia, romelic adami-

anTa sakuTari saxelebis sistemas swavlobs. meore

termini _ anTroponimia ikvlevs, swavlobs adamianTa

sakuTar saxelebs. onomastikonSi erTiandeba sxvada-

1 a. silagaZe, a. ToTaZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 43.2 al. Rlonti, qarTuli gvar-saxelebi, Tb., 1964, gv.

57

sxva terminebi: anTroponimebi (adamianTa sakuTari sax-

elebi), eTnonimebi (tomTa da xalxTa saxelebi), zooni-

mebi (cxovelTa, frinvelTa, mwerTa saxelebi), toponi-

mebi (adgilis saxelebi), hidronimebi (mdinareTa, tbaTa,

zRvaTa saxelebi).

Tanamedrove anTroponimika Tu onomastiologia sa-

kuTar saxelebs ori aspeqtiT ikvlevs: 1. deskriptulad

(e.i. dRevandeli viTarebis mixedviT) da 2. diaqronu-

lad (e.i. ganviTarebis istoriis CvenebiT). Cven ki unda

vicodeT, rom gvaris istoriis SeswavlisaTvis saWiroa

orive aspeqtis (deskriptuli da diaqronuli) mixedviT

msjeloba.

qarTvel mecnierTa da leqsikologTa naSromebis

momarjvebiT SeiZleba nebismieri gvaris warmomavloba-

ze msjeloba.

qarTuli gvarebi metad mravalferovania winaprebis

TvalsazrisiT. raki gvari grZeldeba mamis xaziT, ami-

tom umTavresad gavrcelda da ganivrco mamakacTa sax-

elebi da ara qalTa.1

profesor zurab WumburiZis ganmartebiT, mamis sa-

xeli gvaris fuZed iqca, Cadga naTesaobiT brunvaSi,

e.i. daemata `is~ fonema (brunvis niSani), agreTve `Ze~

(dasavleT saqarTveloSi) da `Svili~ (aRmosavleT sa-

qarTveloSi). am gziT miviReT Svilisa da momdevno mis

memkvidreTa Stos gvari. droTa ganmavlobaSi naTesao-

biTi brunvis niSnis Tanxmovani s daikarga, magram igi

daculia Zvel Txzulebebsa da dokumentebSi warmod-

genil iseT gvarebSi, rogoricaa: sabanisZe, abuserisZe,

ColoyasSvili, qavTarasSvili da sxva.

1 z. WumburiZe, leqsikoni, ra gqvia Sen? Tb., 1982, gv. 43-44; i. ax-uaSvili, qarTuli gvar-saxelebi, xuTtomeuli, t. IV, Tb., gv.1052-1059.

58

garda Ze da Svilisa qarTul gvarebs awarmoebs ag-

reTve ia, ua(va). amaTgan el da ur (ul) sadaurobis ma-

warmoebeli sufiqsebia. megrul gvarebSi gavrcelebu-

lia va da ia sufiqsebi, romlebic uan/ian daboloebis-

gan unda iyos miRebuli.

sainteresoa qarTuli gvarebis mawarmoebel cal-

keul formatTa raodenoba saqarTveloSi:

1. Ze _ 1 649 222 ; 8. eli _ 55 017;

2. Svili _ 1 303 723; 9. uli _ 25 729;

3. ia _ 494 224; 10. Si _ 7 263;

4. ava _ 200 642; 11. skiri _ 2 375;

5. iani _ 129 206; 12. Wviri _ 1 831;

6. uri _ 76 044; 13. yva _ 1 023.1

7. ua _ 74 817;

qarTuli gvari myaria Tavisi bunebiT. igi aerTia-

nebs sisxliT naTesaobas da icavs misi wevrebis Rirse-

bas. maTSi adamianis sakuTari saxelis tabuirebis tra-

diciac yofila, zogan dResac ki SemiCneva es procesi.

cols ar SeeZlo qmris saxelis xseneba da, piriqiT,

qmars - colisa. es iyo urTierTpativiscemis, erTmane-

Tisadmi mokrZalebis gamoxatuleba da tradiciad

qceuli tabu. amasTan dakavSirebiT, sainteresoa vaJa-

fSavelas sityvebi: `fSaveli qmari da misi coli ise

dahberdebian, rom erTmaneTs saxels ar dauZaxeben _ es

unamusobad, sircxvilad miaCndaT~.2 aseT SemTxvevaSi

coli qmars mouZebnida, qmari - cols erTmaneTze mi-

marTvisaTvis damatebiT, araoficialur, amasTan mofe-

rebiT, saidumlo saxels.

saqarTveloSi gvarebi ZiriTadad VI saukunidan

gaCnda. dRevandeli gvarebis umravlesoba ki XIV-XV

1 a. silagaZe, a. ToTaZe, dasax. naSromi, gv. 288.2 vaJa-fSavela, Txz. t., V, Tb., 1961, gv. 10.

59

saukuneebidan momdinareobs. TandaTanobiT viTarde-

boda gvari, xdeboda misi ganStoeba, gantotva. am gziT

Cndeboda monaTesave gvarebi.

gaCnda mosazreba, rom qarTuli gvari Zveli wel-

TaRricxvis siRrmeSi midis. ase, magaliTad: fifia, Tu-

ria, Taria, Saria, gaxaria, malia, faia, xaria, facia da

mravali sxva.1

gvar-saxelebis Sesaxeb zogadi Teoriuli da isto-

riuli eqskursis Semdeg SeiZleba gadavideT uSualod

saikTxze, romelic gansaxilveli Temis Semadgeneli

nawilia. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs xucubnis erT-erTi aRi-

arebuli bajeliZeTa gvari.

ismis kiTxva: rogoria am gvaris warmomavloba, an

ra etimologiuri axsna moeZebneba mas?

am sakiTxze pasuxis gasacemad moviZieT gvar-sa-

xelebis Sesaxeb arsebuli arcTu ise mwiri litera-

tura. bajeliZeTa gvaris Sesaxeb msjelobas wavawydi

profesor iakob axuaSvilis naSromSi `qarTuli gvar-

saxelebi~.2 avtoris varaudiT, gvari `bajeliZe~ war-

momdgaria `baji~-dan. ra aris baji? qarTul enci-

klopediaSi `baji~ ganmartebulia, rogorc sofeli am-

brolauris raionSi (RadiSis sasoflo sabWo), raWis

qedis CrdiloeT kalTaze, mdinare rionis marcxena na-

piras, zRvis donidan 620 m, ambrolauris raionuli

centridan 22 km manZilze.3 profesori i. axuaSvili

wers, rom sityva `baji~ ixmareba ori aspeqtiT: pirve-

li, rogorc geografiuli saxeli da meore _ rogorc

Turquli sityva (moismina Turuqlad molaparakeTa

1 s. gogitiZe, qaSqa-abeSla: afxazur (afsua)-adiReuri Tu qarTve-luri modgma? baTumi, 2010, gv. 513.2 iakob axuaSvili (algeTeli), qarTuli gvar-saxelebi, xuTto-meuli, t. IV, Tb., 2004, gv. 1052-1059.3 qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, Tb., 1977, gv. 257.

60

metyvelebaSi), naxa Turqul leqsikonSi da gaigo, rom

`baji~ Turquli sityvaa da ixmareba ramdenime mniSvne-

lobiT: 1. Tavani, sxveni, 2. saliteraturo Turqul ena-

Si _ sarkmeli, saxuravSi sinaTlisa da haerisaTvis ga-

moWrili sarkmeli, 3. da, deida, 4. bajanaRi – qvisli.

Cven davamatebT mis mexuTe mniSvnelobas _ baji-baja,

rac niSnavs kedelsac, saxlis sxvensac (qse), maRal

adgilsac.

prof. iakob axuaSvili imasac ambobs, rom Znelia

imis Tqma, rom gvar-saxeli `bajeliZe~ am terminidan

`baji~ _ momdinareobs, magram saeWvo ar unda iyos misi

am gvaris guriis sofel `baj~-Tan dakavSireba, rom-

lidanac warmoqmnilad miiCneva, anu toponimad Tvlian.

mkvlevari imasac ambobs, rom Tu davafiqsirebT, rom

bajeliZe `bajidan~ momdinareobs, toponimikurad arse-

bobs amnairi warmoSobis gvarebi; magaliTad, asea miRe-

buli curtav-el-i curtavidan, rusTav-el-i – rusTavi-

dan, maCab-el-i maCabidan, wereT-el-i _ wereTidan, jav-

el-i-Ze _ javidan, musx-el-i-Svili _ musxidan, jayel-i

_ jayidan, xul-el-i-Ze, xuladan (yazbegis raionSi so-

felia xula, xuleliZeebic bevria), xixa-Ze _ xixa-dan

(xixanidan, xixaZiridan) da sxva mravali.

baton iakob axuaSvils veTanxmebiT, rom baj-i-dan

momdinareobs gvari `bajeliZe~, magram CvenTvis mi-

uRebelia `bajis~ axsna Turquli enis bazaze, an misi

dakavSireba guriis bajTan (guriaSi aseTi sofeli

araa dafiqsirebuli). guriaSi bajeliZeebi cxovroben

ozurgeTis raionis soflebSi baxvSi, meriaSi da na-

tanebSi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi baji geografiuli saxe-

lia, ese igi toponimia, meore SemTxvevaSi mas sul sxva

gageba aqvs, naTesaobas gamoxatavs. geografiuli `ba-

jis~ naTesaobis aRmniSvnel Turqul `bajTan~ dakavSi-

61

reba arafriT ar SeiZleba, radgan qarTuli `baji~ da

Turquli `baji~ omonimebia, formiT meqanikurad hgavs

erTmaneTs, saqarTveloSi arsebuli toponimebis axsna

upirvelesad unda veZioT mSobliur enaSi da Tu

sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda es, maSin mivmarToT sxva enas.

Cven gveCveneba, rom bajeliZis Ziridan aRebuli `baji~-

s axsna, uwinares yovlisa, unda veZioT raWaSi. raki

raWa, kolxeTTan SedarebiT, maRali adgilia, Sesa-

Zlebelia `baji~ Tu `baja~ maRal adgilsac niSnavdes.

Cveni mosazrebiT, `baji~ aris qarTuli sityva `baj-

baji~ (daTvi baj-bajiT dadioda) an kidev zantad, nela

mosiarule adamianze ityvian `bajbajiT dadiso~. es

kidev erTxel migvaniSnebs, rom bajeliZis Ziri `baji~-

s axsna unda veZioT qarTul enaSi, mis raWvelur ki-

lokavSi.

mkvlevari miuTiTebs imasac, rom aWaraSi bajeliZe-

Ta pirveli adgilsamyofeli qobuleTis raionis

sofeli xucubania. gadmocemiT, aqedan nawili qedis

raionSi, sofel (aliqoRlebSi) – oqtomberSi (qedis r-

ni) gadasula sacxovreblad. Semdeg moxda maTi gan-

totva. axla arian xelvaCauris raionis sofel maxoSi,

angisaSi, q. baTumSi, qobuleTSi, maWaxlis xeobis so-

fel cxemlnaraSi ki iyvnen bajiSvilebi. bajeliZeebi

cxovroben agreTve sofel axalSenSi (xelvaCauris r-ni

_ avt.). aqve batoni i. axuaSvili imowmebs oqtombrel

zebur bajeliZis (baTumis satransporto policiis yo-

fili ufrosis) monaTxrobs: `Cemi winaprebidan vici,

rom guriidan gadmosulan xucubanSi, xolo iqidan

asulan oqtomberSi. gvaqvs mimosvla xucubnel da gu-

rul bajeliZeebTan. viciT, rom erTi modgmisani varT.

aq aWaraSi gvari ar Segvicvlia. amas adasturebs 1912

welis arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT Sedgenili sia, rom-

62

lSic moxseniebuli arian iusuf bajeliZe da qobule-

Teli cnobili brma meCongure xusein bajeliZe, rome-

lic tkbili xmiT asrulebda Zvel da axal simRe-

rebs.~1

Tu sofelSi arsebul gadmocemebs, romelzedac

zemoT iyo saubari, da baton i. axuaSvilis mosazrebebs

SevajerebT, SeiZleba mivideT im daskvnamde, rom ba-

jeliZeTa gvari (rogorc Tavad bajeliZeebi amboben),

raWidan mosulan xucubanSi, xolo (aliqoRlebel)

zebur bajeliZis TqmiT, guriidan mosulan xucubanSi.

am orive mosazrebis da imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom `ba-

ji~ geografiuli saxelia (raWaSi), SeiZleba gavakeToT

savaraudo daskvna bajeliZeTa gvaris warmomavlobisa

da maTi moZraobis marSrutis, anu gavrcelebis geo-

grafiis Sesaxeb, rom es gvari Camoyalibda raWaSi, am-

brolauris raionSi, Semdeg Camovidnen barad, kolxeTis

dablobze, guriaSi (ozurgeTis r-ni), Tu aWaraSi, xucu-

banSi (qobuleTis r-ni). am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba vifiq-

roT, rom xucubnidan gadavidnen ozurgeTSi, an, piri-

qiT. amas gvavaraudebinebs am gvaris saqarTveloSi gan-

saxlebis geografiuli suraTi. saqarTvelos samoqala-

qo reestris 2011 wlis monacemebiT, bajeliZeebi cxov-

roben: TbilisSi 89 (kaci _ 47, qali _ 42); guriaSi, ker-

Zod, ozurgeTSi _ 247 (kaci – 118, qali – 129); lanC-

xuTisa da Coxatauris raionebSi TiTo suli (da isic

qali); aWaraSi 461 (kaci _ 220, qali _ 241), aqedan qobu-

leTis raionSi 187 (kaci _ 99, qali _ 88), baTumSi 121

(kaci – 57, qali _ 64); xelvaCauris raionSi 115 (kaci –

48, qali _ 67); qedaSi 38 (kaci – 16, qali – 28); rusTavSi

4 (kaci _ 2, qali _ 2). TiTo-orola suli (gaTxovili

1 i. axuaSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 1052-1059.

63

qali) cxovrobs bolnisSi, gulrifSSi, gurjaanSi, oCam-

CireSi.1

Cveni varaudis mixedviT, am gvaris moZraobis marS-

rutic ase gvesaxeba:

pirvel SemTxvevaSi geografiuli termini `baji~

adgilis aRmniSvneli toponimia, meore SemTxvevaSi is

arc geografiuli da arc toponimikuri terminia. igi

aRniSnavs sacxovrebeli saxlis garkveuli funqciis

matarebel nawils (sakvamle mili, an sarkmeli). Cven

veTanxmebiT pativcemul profesors, rom es `baji~ aris

toponimi da gvari bajeliZec warmodgenilia am

sityvidan. magram rogor?

vajamebT ra msjelobas bajeliZeTa gvarTan da-

kavSirebiT da mis warmomavlobisa da etimologiis

Sesaxeb, gamovTqvamT Cvens varauds.

Cveni azriT, `bajeliZe~ ukavSirdeba ambolauris

raionis sofel `baj~-is geografiul toponims. es kar-

1 saqarTvelos samoqalaqo reestri, www.cra.gov.ge, 2011 w.

64

gad Cans am sityvis Semadgenel nawilebad - fonemebad

daSliT: baj-i, baj-el-i, baj-el-is-Ze (baj-el-i-Ze). aq

`baji~ aris geografiuli punqti, sadac am gvaris pir-

veli piri dasaxlda. -el _ iq dasaxlebuli piris sa-

daurobaze mimaniSnebeli sufiqsia, -is _ naTesaobiTi

brunvis niSani, -Ze _ pirvelad dasaxlebuli pirovne-

bis, misi STamomavalTa Svilia, rac specifikuria qar-

Tuli gvarebisaTvis, umTavresad dasavleT saqarTve-

loSi. droTa ganmavlobaSi brunvis niSnis Tanxmovani

`s~ daikarga, sabolood miviReT gvari `bajeliZe~. Tu

kargad davukvirdebiT, am gvaris etimologiur ganvi-

TarebaSi SeiniSneba ramdenime etapi: 1) baji, 2) baj-

el-i, 3) baj-el-is-Ze da 4) bajeliZe.

amgvarad, bajeliZeTa gvarma etimologiurad aseTi

gza gamoiara da sabolood miiRo dadgenili forma.

sainteresoa kidev erTi sakiTxi am gvarTan dakavSire-

biT. jerjerobiT ver movipoveT raime dokumenti, an

Tundac zepirsityvieri gadmocema imis Sesaxeb, Tu ro-

dis momxdara raWidan bajeliZeTa migracia kolxeTis

dablobze, aWara-guriaSi Tu guria-aWarSi. gvaris gan-

viTarebis etapebis da migraciis qronologiis dadgena

momavali kvlevis sakiTxia. amaTan, sainteresoa isic,

rom raki `baji~ qarTuli geografiuli toponimia da

aqedan baj-el-i ki sadaurobis aRmniSvneli sityvaa,

igulisxmeba, rom bajidan sxvagan wasuli yvela adami-

ani bajelad iwereba da aqedan ganviTarda sabolood

dRevandeli, CvenTvis saitereso gvari bajeliZe. aqve

SeiZleba vifiqroT imaze, rom bajeliZeebs, vidre ba-

jSi cxovrobdnen, SesaZlebelia sxva gvari (?) hqondaT

da SeiZleba isic, rom isini axlac cxovroben raWaSi

Zveli gvariT. vinc ki wamovida iqidan, bajeliZeebad

(soflis saxeli SeinarCunes) daiweres, moxda gvaris

65

ganStoeba, genealogiurad ki is maT (adgilze darCe-

nilT) da wamosul bajeliZeebs erTi saerTo naTesauri

kodi aqvT. roca Cven statistikur monacemebze dayrd-

nobiT vambobT, rom bajeliZeebi dRes raWaSi ar fiq-

sirdeba, es SemTxveviTi araa, vinaidan es geografiuli

termini baji-dan wamomdgari sadaurobis aRmniSvneli

bajeliZe sworad miuTiTebs iq mcxovrebTa bajidan

sxvagan wasvlaze. aq saZiebelia bajeliZeTa genealo-

giuri warsuli gvari (Tu ki iqneba, guriaSi, dRevan-

del baxvSi).

zemoT motanili statistikuri monacembidan Cans,

rom raWaSi, ambrolauris raionSi, romelsac bajeli-

ZeTa gvaris warmomavlobis sawyisad vTvliT, amJamad

am gvaridis aravin cxovrobs. an Tu arian, Zveli, Sesa-

Zloa sxva gvarisani arian. es xom ar gamoricxavs ba-

jeliZeTa raWidan warmomavlobis faqts? Tu am azrs

daveTanxmebiT, maSin safiqrebelia, ratom miuTiTebs

xucubnis bajeliZeebis (am gvaris yvelaze mravalric-

xovan kompaqtur dasaxlebaSi) gadmocemiT maTi raWidan

warmomavlobis Sesaxeb? Cveni azriT, miuxedavad imisa,

rom dRes bajeliZeebis gvari ar fiqsirdeba raWaSi,

bajeliZeTa gvaris raWidan warmomavlobis sakiTxi

saeWvo ar unda iyos, radgan `el~ sufiqsiani gvari

warsul mosaxleobaze miuTiTebs.

raWa, marTalia, saqarTvelos erT-erTi ulamazesi

mxarea, magram istoriis qartexilebis dros mtris mud-

mivi Tavdasxmebis obieqti iyo, amasTan, ugzoobis gamo,

cxovrebis mZime pirobebic arTulebda da mosaxleoba

nawil-nawil Camodioda barSi. swored am motiviT unda

avxsnaT bajeliZeTa gvaris raWidan barad, kolxeTis

dablobSi Camosaxleba. is ki daudgenelia, sad dasaxl-

66

dnen da soflis saxeli gvarad aqcies (bajeliZe) para-

lelurad aWaraSi (xucubanSi) Tu guriaSi (ozurgeTSi).

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT zemoT moyvanil statistikas,

Cans, rom bajeliZeebi yvelaze meti aWaraSi arian (461

suli), rom bajeliZeebi aWaridan guriaSi (247 suli)

da am ori regionidan TbilisSi Tu saqarTvelos sxva

regionebSi (SeiZleba, ucxoeTSic) gadavidnen.

Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT imasac, rom guriaSi so-

feli `baji~ ar fiqsirdeba da yovelive amas argumen-

tad miviRebT, SeiZleba vifiqroT imazec, rom bajeli-

Zeebi raWidan Camosaxldnen aWaraSi (xucubanSi), iqedan

ki aWaris soflebsa da guriaSi sxvadasxva mizeziT, ar

gamovricxavT religiur aRmsareblobasac. Tu religi-

ur faqtorsac gaviTvaliswinebT, maSin gamodis, rom

raWidan bajeliZeTa migracia aWaraSi moxdeboda os-

malTa batonobis dawyebamde. vinc mahmadianoba miiRo

mSobliuri enis SenarCunebis mizniT, darCa aWaraSi,

xolo vinc ver Seegua da ar miiRo sxva sarwmunoeba,

gadavida saqarTvelos qristianul teritoriaze _ gu-

riaSi da axlac cxovroben, Sesabamisad, guriaSi _

baxvsa da natanebSi.

67

m e o r e g a n y o f i l e b a

skender bajeliZis cxovrebada moRvaweoba

$1. mSoblebi

mSoblis siyvaruli yvela

saTnoebis safuZvelia.ciceroni

bevri daTeseT, bevric moimkeT,

siyvaruli da pativiscema,Tqvengan viswavleT da STavigoneT

kacurkacoba, sindisi, Sroma.vano gabaiZe

SavizRvispireTSi, kerZod, qobuleTis raionis erT-

erT ulamazes sofel xucubanSi daibada skender xu-

seinis Ze bajeliZe. es iyo 1921 wlis 27 aprili. aprili

xom bunebis macocxlebeli, gazafxulis ulamazesi

Tvea. im wlebSi xusein bajeliZis ojaxisTvis aprilis

yvelaze gamorCeuli dRe 27 ricxvi iyo. is pirveli

Svilis, pirveli Tofis gavardnis, ojaxis sixarulisa

da bednierebis mauwyebeli dasamaxsovrebeli dRe gax-

da. gaxarebuli mSoblebi _ Tavs evlebodnen pirvel

pirmSos. pataras skenderi daarqves.

kargi mSoblebi hyavda skenders. dedis mxriv igi

wulukiZeTa gvars enaTesaveboda. deda, ojaxis wevre-

bisa da mezoblebis daxasiaTebiT, gamoirCeoda saTnoe-

biT, SromismoyvareobiT, TavazianobiT, stumarTmoyva-

reobiT, tradiciebisadmi erTgulebiT. kargi gvari-

68

Svili, karg ojaxSi dabadebuli da gazrdili meriemxuseinis asuli wulukiZe qarTveli mandilosnis Rir-

sebiT aRsavse qalbatoni yofila. im dros, roca meri-

ems swavlis asaki Seusrulda, sofelSi skola ar yo-

fila. swavlis wyurvili ver moikla, ocnebad darCa,

Tumca wera-kiTxvis ucodinarobis salikvidacio sko-

laSi (`likbezi~) iswavla wera-kiTxva. skolebis maso-

brivad gaxsnamde aseTi skolebi arsebobda XX s. 20-30-

ian wlebSi. didi survilis miuxedavad, skolaSi bo-

lomde ver iswavla, radgan gaTxovda. 1919 wels Ta-

nasoflel, darbasieli aRnagobis axalgazrdasTan, xu-

sein bajeliZesTan Seqmna ojaxi. maT 60 weli erTad

zides mZime, magram tkbili cxovrebis uReli da ase

gaatares TavianTi Sinaarsiani, patiosani da SromiT

datvirTuli cxovreba. qalbatoni meriemi didi rudu-

nebiT Caeba saojaxo saqmianobaSi, rac meuRlis samsax-

ursa da eqvsi Svilis aRzrdas moandoma. bednieri deda

moeswro Svilebis daqorwineba-daojaxebas. igi iyo, ara

marto bednieri deda, aramed SviliSvilebis mzurnveli

bebia da SvilTaSvilebis _ didi bebiac. man didi

siyvaruli daimsaxura da avtoriteti moixveWa, ara

marto kargi rZlobiTa da dedobiT, aramed agreTve

kargi diasaxlisobiTa da stumarTmoyvareobiT. igi

gaWirvebulebisa da qvriv-oblebisadmi yuradRebiT

gamoirCeoda sofelSi – mezoblebSi, naTesaobaSi. ami-

tom ufro metad undoda sicocxle, raTa damtkbariyo

Tavisi naSrom-naamagariT, Svilebisa da SviliSvilebis

siyvaruliT, magram cxovreba muxTalia, rodis dagi-

debs kvants da dagicurdeba fexi, ar ici. 1992 wels 92

wlis asakSi, qalbatoni meriemi gardaicvala, ganisven-

ebs xucubnis madlian miwaSi bajeliZeTa sagvareulo

sasaflaoze.

69

qalbaton meriemis maRalmoqalaqeobrivi Tvisebebi

ara marto saxelovani mSoblebis (es mTavari faqtoria

kargi rZlobisTvis) kargi aRzrdis Sedegi iyo da ge-

netikuri kodiT momdinareobda, aramed amas aRrmavebda,

aZlierebda da emateboda agreTve qmris, batoni xusei-

nisadmi erTguleba, dafaseba, yuradReba da megobruli

damokidebuleba. swored amaze ityvian: kaci qaliT ka-

cobs, qali kaciT qalobso.

naTqvamidan Cans, rom skender bajeliZes hyavda ara

marto kargi deda, aramed kargi, yuradRebiani mama.

isini siTbos da mzrunvelobas ar aklebdnen erTmaneTs

da ojaxs.

skender bajeliZis mama _ xuseini, memed bajeliZisojaxSi ufrosi Svili yofila. igi daibada 1880 wels

sofel xucubanSi. bavSvoba Tanatol biZaSvilebsa da

naTesav-mezoblebTan erTad gaatara. mZime bavSvoba

hqonda, magram mzrunveli mSoblebis xelSewyobiT swav-

skender bajeliZis mSoblebi:deda _ meriem wulukiZe (1900-1992),mama _ xusein bajeliZe (1880-1980)

70

las daewafa. raki maSin sofelSi qarTuli skola ar

yofila, iswavla qobuleTis rusul dawyebiT skolaSi,

sadac aswavles rusuli wera-kiTxva, xolo qarTuli

wera-kiTxva Tavad iswavla, damoukideblad. `roca qar-

Tulad davwerdi, _ ixsenebda SvilebTan da SviliS-

vilebTan saubarSi batoni xuseini, _ maswavle-beli

saxazaviT gagvwkeplavda _ ratom wer qarTula-do.~ ase

iyo saqarTveloSi mefis ruseTis TviTmpyrobelobis

dros, rusifikatoruli politikis periodSi. gasuli

saukunis 20-ian wlebamde igi vaWrobiT iyo gatacebuli.

Semdgom ki sakolmeurneo cxovrebaSi Caeba. xuseini

gamrje, welgamarTuli meurne, Sromismoyvare da keTi-

li kaci yofila.

batonma xuseinma ojaxi, rogorc zemoT iTqva, Ta-

nasofelel xusein wulukiZis aRiarebul ojaxSi gazr-

dil meriem wulukiZesTan Seqmna da 60 weli erTad

Wimes cxovrebis Wapani. eqvsi Svili aRzardes da cxov-

rebis gzaze daayenes. maT hqondaT Sexmatkbilebuli

cxovreba, naxes gaWirvebac, dalxinebac, magram ur-

TierTpativiscemiT iolad laxavdnen cxovrebis dabr-

kolebebs. aseT pirobebSi gazardes bavSvebi: skenderi,vladimeri, Suqri, zia, faTuSa da qeskini. faTuSa da

zia adreul asakSi gamoeTxovnen saaqaos da zeciuri

saqarTvelos mkvidrni gaxdnen, danarCenebi gaizardnen,

davaJkacdnen, daojaxdnen da mSoblebis guli gaaxares,

Tavadac kargi cxovreba Seqmnes.

marTalia, xusein bajeliZes klasikuri ganaTleba

ar miuRia, magram TviTganaTlebis gziT imdens miaRwia,

rom sofelSi (da aramarto sofelSi) erT-erTi aRia-

rebuli pirovneba iyo: dinji, sityvaZviri, TavdaWeri-

li, WkuasakiTxavi, keTilSobili, moyvasis erTguli,

ufrosebis momsmeni da damjeri, umcrosebze mzrunveli

71

da damrigebeli, gaWirvebulebze, qvriv-oblebze Tu me-

zoblebze uxmaurod da uangarod xelisgamwodebeli,

Sromismoyvare pirovneba. aseT kacze arsebobs kargi

SinaarsiT datvirTuli termini `kargi beriao.~ qobu-

leTSi ki ityvian kargi xucia, moxuci, Tu uxucesiao.

sxvaTa Soris, soflis saxelsac adgilze SemorCenili

Zveli folkloruli gadmocemis mixedviT, xucubnelTa

erTi nawili ukavSirebs `xucebs~ _ uxucesebs da

miRebulia `xucubani.~ ra Tqma unda, aq, am SemTxvevaSi

ar igulisxmeba terminis sasuliero azri, aramed xan-

dazmul da Wkvian kacze ityvian, romelic gamoirCeva

sityvaZvirobiT, WkuiT, brZnuli azrebiT, mamaSviluri

darigebebiT, kaci, romelsac yvela usmens da ujerebs.

didi Sroma-jafa gamovlili, saukunis asaks miR-

weuli, xusein babu gardaicvala Rrmad moxuci, 1980

wels. ganisvenebs mSobliur sofelSi, sagvareulo sa-

safalaoze, meuRlis gverdiT.

vfiqrobT, ar iqneba zedmeti xusein babuaze sau-

brisas movigonoT erTi saintereso epizodi.

akaki wereTlis saxelobis baTumis sajaro bibli-

oTekaSi presis masalebis damuSavebisas gazeT `aWaris~

erT-erT nomerSi wavawydiT werils saTauriT: `meWibo-

ne xusein bajeliZe~.

marTali giTxraT, gagvexarda, skender maswavleb-

lis mama meWibone, xelovnebis kaci yofilao (misi ma-

mac xom xuseinia). davinteresdiT, gveCqareboda maswav-

lebelTan Sexvedra am sakiTxis dazustebisaTvis (sxva-

Ta Soris, sistematurad vxvdebodiT maswavlebels, an

is gvewveoda ojaxebSi). male kidevac SevxvdiT. saubari

CamovagdeT mSoblebze, movigoneT presaSi `aRmoCenili~

`meWibone xusein bajeliZe~, gvainteresebda es xelovani

kaci misi mama iyo, Tu ubralod, saxel-gvaris damTxve-

72

va moxda. mamamisze Cven manamde araferi vicodiT da

arc mas uTqvams mis saqmianobaze Tu xelovnebaze.

Cveni saubari maswavlebels esiamovna, rom Cven,

misma mowafeebma, mis mamaze yuradReba gavamaxvileT.

`dRevandeli zogierTi axalgazrda moswavle Tu stu-

denti, samwuxarod, maswavleblis Tu leqtoris saxel-

gvars erTad ver dagvisaxelebs, _ gakvirvebiT, ufro

sworad, gaognebuli, TiTqmis sayvedurSereuli toniT,

odnav maRali xmiTa da Rimilnarevi saxiT mogvmarTa

skender maswavlebelma, _ maswavleblis mSoblebze

saubari ra enaze mosatania. Tqven ki maswavleblebi

yvela gaxsovT da maswvleblis mSoblebiTac inter-

esdebiT. didi madloba amisaTvis. es imas niSnavs, rom

Tqven, marTlac, gulwrfelebi xarT maswavlebelTa

mimarT, ram `gagagiJaT~, riT `moiwamleT~ ase magrad.

ra gagikeTeT aseTi?!~ sixarulgamoxatuli gakvirvebiT,

odnav aweuli xmiT, warmoTqva nasiamovnebma maswavle-

belma Cveni emociuri saubris Semdeg. erTxans Sewyda

saubari, SeCerda, pauza gakeTda, saxeze wiTeli almuri

moedo. cudad xom ar xarT, skender maswavlebelo? –

Sewuxebulni gacxarebiT mivmarTeT mas. pauzis Semdeg

uxmaurod, zeviT aweuli xeliT gvaniSna, ara, kargad

varo. Cven SevamCnieT, rom is raRacas gvimalavda. naTq-

vamia, Subi xalTaSi ar daimalebao. TvalebSi crem-

lebi rom SevamCnieT, maSin mivxvdiT, rom didad gax-

arebuls, omis mZime wlebgamovlils, grZnobebma uRa-

latao. ver vityviT, ar viqnebiT marTali. man grZnobis

karnaxiT gadmovardnili cremlebiT gamoxata Cvendami

madliereba da kmayofileba im damokidebulebisa da

yuradRebisTvis, siTbosa da dafasebisTvis, rasac Cven-

Si xedavda _ maswavleblis mimarT rom vavlendiT

(sxvaTa Soris, mSoblis Semdeg maswavlebeli CvenTvis

73

iyo yvelaferi, pirvel informacias skolaSi misgan

vismendiT). damSvidda, amoisunTqa, kidev erTxel Tbili

sityvebiT madloba gamoxata, Cagvexuta, gulze migvik-

ra, mogvefera sakuTari SvilebiviT da ganagrZo sauba-

ri Cvens mier dasmuli Tu dasazustebeli kiTxvis pasu-

xad Tavidan fexis terfamde kmayofilma maswavlebelma.

es iseTi saintereso epizodi iyo da aseTi didaqtikuri

scena gaTamaSda, Cvenda uneburad, amas namdvilad ar

velodiT. iseTi STabeWdileba Segveqmna, ena ver amovi-

ReT maswavleblis am mimikaze. mis TvalebSi Camdgarma

cremlebma Cvenc dagvatyveva da, albaT, ubralo mkiTx-

velisTvis Znelad warmosadgenia es momenti. Cvenc

cremlebi Cagvidga TvalebSi. _ `didi madloba, axal-

gazrdebo!~ _ gaimeora maswavlebelma, mixaria da imedi

maqvs, Tu gaizrdeba aseTi Taoba (da unda gaizardos),

rogoric Tqven xarT, darwmunebuli var, saqarTvelo

marad iqneba...

rogorc iqna, emociuri grZnobebi movTokeT mas-

wavlebelmac da misma moswavleebmac. Cvenma didostat-

ma ganagrZo saubari: `biWebo, mTavari saTqmeli, ramac

me amaforiaqa, dagvrCa. axla davubruneT `meWibone

xusein bajeliZes~ _ Tqveni wakiTxuli werili mamaCems

ar exeba. is ar iyo Cemi mama. meWibone xuseini Cemi biZa

iyo. es saxelebis ubralo damTxvevaa. mamaCemis biZa-

Svili me biZad mxvdeba. is iyo xuSutis Ze, mamaCemi me-

medis Ze. ise ki is virtuozulad, originalurad uk-

ravda Wibonzec da sxva instrumentebzec. simRerasac

ayolebda. CvenSi aRiarebuli meWibone iyo. uyvarda xe-

lovneba. Tqveni ki ar mikvirs, bevri sxvac mekiTxeboda

amis Taobaze. ra Tqma unda, kargi kaci iyo, uyvarda

xalxs, pativs scemda mas. xelovnebaTmcodneebi bevr-

jer werdnen mis Sesaxebac. aqve dagvisaxela guguli

74

gabisonias wigni `sagundo xelovnebis moamageni~ (ba-

Tumi, 1974). wignis me-19-20 gverdebi maszea daTmobili.

awi daimaxsovreT misi (e.i. mamis) biZaSvili Cemi biZac

iyo da aRiarebuli, ara marto biZaSvilebSi, bajeliZe-

ebSi, aramed mTel sofelSi, qobuleTSi. xelovnebis

muSakTa Sorisac. raki Cems Sinaur pirovnebas aseTi yu-

radRebiT moekideT, ara aqvs mniSvneloba, Cemi biZa iyo

Tu mamis biZaSvili, me madlobas mogaxsenebT xelo-

vanisa da xelovnebisadmi aseTi gatacebuli siyvaru-

lisaTvis...~

xusia (xusein) bajeliZe popularuli pirovneba yo-

fila ara marto bajeliZeebSi Tu xucubanSi, aramed

qobuleTSi da aWaris farglebs gareTac. amaze metyve-

lebs masze Seqmnili leqsi `xalxuri meCongure~.

`bajeliZes vin ar icnobs, saxelad hqvia xusia,

xelSi Conguri uWiravs, yvelaze ukeTesia,

ise xucdeba mgosani, cudi ar dauTesia.

meleqseobs maRali xmiT, meCongureTa wesia,

bajeliZe, Tqven icocxleT, Cven viqnebiT moxaruli,

nametani kargi rom xar, amxanagis moyvaruli~.

cnobili patriotis, xalxuri mTqmelis _ xasanTxilaiSvilis leqsSi vkiTxulobT:

`qobuleTSi saamayo xusia bajeliZea,

gvicocxlos RmerTma, zrdilobiT kargi kaci,

orgulebis mimarT ki metad serTi~ (mkacri – avt.).

xusein bajeliZe leqsebs Tavadac igonebda da am-

Rerebda kidevac (samwuxarod, misi yvela leqsi da

simRera Cvenamde moRweuli araa).

75

miuxedavad imisa, rom igi brma iyo, ver xedavda,

xucubanSi aRiarebuli xalxuri mTqmeli da meWibone _

meCongure kaci, imednad sayvareli adamiani iyo, rom

xalxSi zedmetad `brma xusia~-s saxeliT aravin mimar-

Tavda, yvela dagisaxelebda, rogorc `meCongure~ an

`meWibone~ xusias.

kidev erTi, magram, Cveni azriT, daujerebeli faqti

am qebuli adamianis Sesaxeb. 1938 wels TbilisSi gamo-

cemul a. xinTibiZis wignSi `guruli firalebi~ CamoT-

vlilia kowia cecxlaZe, prokofi Wyonia, goga lomja-

ria, xusein (xusia) bajeliZe da sxvebi.

vis gaugonia brma kaci da firali? amas xom komen-

tari ar sWirdeba, anda, xelovan kacs ra afiralebda?

ai, rogori ded-mama, naTesaoba hyavda skender baje-

liZes. gasagebia isic, Tu rogor gaizrdeboda igi ase-

Ti mzurnveli da swavlamowyurebuli, magram am mxriv

ocnebaauxdenebeli mSoblebis xelSi. ra Tqma unda,

mSoblebma, didi survilis miuxedavad, skolis ararse-

boba da cxovrebis mZime pirobebis gamo, ver iswavles,

magram amiT guli ar aucruebiaT. samagierod, mTeli

energia, Sroma da jafa moandomes Svilebis normalu-

rad aRzrda-ganaTlebas, Rirseul moqalaqeebad Camoya-

libebas. amaSi xedavdnen isini Svilebis karg momaval-

sa da bednierebas. es iqneboda maTi sicocxlis gagrZe-

lebac da TavsiTavad maTi (mSoblebis) gaxarebac.

swavla-ganaTlebiT dainteresebuli, metad mowadi-

nebuli dauokebeli surviliT gaJRenTili mSoblebis

xelSi gaatara ojaxis pirvelma sixarulma, patara

skenderma Tavisi bavSvoba. misi bavSvoba daemTxva ax-

ali yofa-cxovrebis damkvidrebis xanas, roca jer ki-

dev axlad imsxvreoda Zveli feodalur-Suasaukuneob-

rivi, moZvelebuli, daxavsebuli yofa da adaT-wesebi,

76

mkvidrdeboda axali urTierTobebi. gardmavali pe-

riodis aseT mZime pirobebSi uxdeboda cxovreba mo-

saxleobas.

miuxedavad siZneleebisa, ixsneboda skolebi, teqni-

kumebi, umaRlesi saswavleblebi, iqmneboda ganaTlebis

sistema, magram materialuri xelmokleobis, ugzoobis,

utransportobis gamo, yvelas xeli ar miuwvdeboda

swavla-ganaTlebis miRebaze da bevri niWieri, swavla-

mowyurebuli axalgazrdis cxovreba Semoifargleboda

mxolod dawyebiTi, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, Svidwliani

skolis damTavrebiT. cotaTi SeZlebulebi axerxebdnen

teqnikumebSi Sesvlas, an sxva qalaqebis umaRles saswa-

vleblebSi swavlis gagrZelebas, radgan, 1935 wlamde

baTumSi umaRlesi saswavlebeli, instituti ar arseb-

obda, manamde mis funqcias asrulebda pedagogiuri sa-

swavlebeli, romelsac masze dakisrebuli funqciis ga-

mo, ewodeboda aWaristanis pedagogiuri saswavlebeli.

1935 wels mis bazaze gaixsna baTumis samaswavleblo

instituti, umaRlesi ganaTlebis pirveli kera aWaraSi.

patara skenderi laRad izrdeboda dedis `iavnana-

Ti~ da mamis alersiTa da mzrunvelobiT.

$2. bavSvoba

dRe-dReze izrdeboda patara, ojaxis imedi, nugeSi

da momavali _ qveynad movlenili skenderi. mSoblebs

didad axarebda Cvilis Taviseburi metyveleba _ bur-

dRuni, xelebis qneva, Rimili, zogjer mSoblebis, gan-

sakuTrebiT dedis gamafrTxilebeli, lamazi tirili _

momxedeT, momefereTo. Sinaganad uxaroda ded-mamas.

77

arafers vambobT, da warmoidgineT, ra dReSi iqnebod-

nen meriem bebia da xusein babua, romelTa siyvaruli

Svilebisadmi gaizarda, gaZlierda SviliSvilebisadmi

siyvaruliTac. pirveli Svili, pirveli SviliSvili

xom marTlac eniT uTqmeli sixarulia, warmoudgen-

lad, uzado siyvarulia ojaxSi, gana marto imitom,

rom axali wevri Seemata ojaxs, sofels, raions, kuT-

xes, qveyanas, Tundac planetas, aramed, agreTve, imiTac,

rom ojaxSi axali naTesauri urTierTobis aRmniSvne-

li axali leqsikac gaCnda: `deda~, `mama~, `bebia~, `ba-

bua~, `ZmisSvili~, `disSvili~, `biZaSvili~, `deidaSvi-

li~ da vin CamoTvlis kidev ramdeni ram.

ai, raoden sixaruli, siuxve, simdidre da bed-

niereba Tan moaqvs `saaqaoSi~ axalmosuls TiToeul

ojaxSi (RmerTma aravis moaklos es sixaruli da bed-

niereba sakuTar ojaxSi). Svilis, gansakuTrebiT, pir-

veli Svilis da, Tu vinicobaa, gvaris gamgrZelebelia,

miT ufro, dResaswaulia, ara marto ojaxSi, mTel

gvarSic. axalSobili yvelas uxaria, magram bevrjer

gaucnobierebelia am sixarulis Tu siyvarulis arsi

da Sinaarsi, Tumca, yvela SemTxvevaSi (cnobieria Tu

gaucnobierebeli) es momenti mudam sixarulis momgvre-

lia. Tu Svili normalurad gaizrdeba da winaparTa

STamomavlobaSi Rirseul adgils daimkvidrebs, aseTi

Svilis dabadeba marTlac auwereli bednierebaa Tavi-

dan bolomde, magram Tu, cudi aRzrdis Sedegad, Svili

gzas acda, ar gahvya mama-papaTa naTel kvals, maSin

aseTi Svilis dabadebiT gamowveuli sixaruli dRen-

aklia, male ubedurebad Seicvleba. gzasacdenili Svi-

li mSoblebs mis sicocxleSi klavs Tavisi avi zrax-

vebiT Tu boroti saqcieliT. aseTze ityvian `Sens nacv-

lad qva gaCeniliyo, xom ajobebda, Robes gavakeTeb-

78

dio.~ RmerTma yvela mSobeli daifaros aseTi ubedu-

rebisgan. ratom xdeba ase? aseT ubedurebas mravali

faqtori ganapirobebs. es sxva sasaubro Temaa, magram

raki mSoblebze Camovarda saubari, erTs vityviT, rom,

Cveni azriT, am ubedurebis upirvelesi mizezi cudi,

zomierebas moklebuli aRzrdaa.

amitom aseT mSoblebs gvinda vurCioT, rom Svilis

aRzrdaSi da saerTod cxovrebaSi mTavaria z o m i e-

r e b a. berZeni filosofosebi codnaTa Soris yvela-

ze did codnad swored zomierebis grZnobas miiCnevd-

nen, rac savsebiT sworia da gasaTvaliswinebeli adami-

anis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, Tavisi saqmianobis yvela

sferoSi, yovelnair moqmedebaSi. aqedan gamomdinare,

SegaxsenebT, sparsul-tajikur-arabuli literaturis

klasikosi poetis m. saadis rCevas Cveni perifraziT,

rom zedmeti simkacre, risxva Svilebisadmi SiSsiwvevs, uzomod zemdeti fereba ki Svilis TvalSi Sen-dami pativiscemas amcirebs. nu iqnebi imdenad mkacri,rom yvelas Tavi moabezro da imdenad lmobieri, romgeTavxedon.

Cveni azriT, vinc Svils am Segonebis gaTvaliswine-biT gazrdis, gverwmuneT, ubedurebas Tavidan aicilebsda bolomde bednieri iqneba mSobel-Svilur urTier-TobaSi.

kargi mSoblebis _ qalbatoni meriemis da batoni

xuseinis _ ojaxSi patara skenderi da momdevno 5 Svi-

li sworedac am zomierebiT izrdeboda. isini qarTuli

tradiciebis, samSoblos erTgulebisa da mSoblebisad-

mi pativiscemis, ufros-umcrosobis aRiarebuli wesebis

dacvis suliskveTebiT zrdidnen Svilebs, razedac mi-

uTiTebs TiToeuli maTganis gavlili gza, maTi Rir-

seuli ojaxebi. aseT Tbil garemoSi patara skenderi

79

dRe-dReze izrdeboda, male ena amoidga, TamaSi daiwyo

Tanatol gogo-biWebTan. ai, rogor igonebs skenderis

bavSvobis wlebs misi biZaSvili xasan dursunis Ze ba-

jeliZe: `mama adre gardamecvala. me xSirad xusein bi-

Zias ojaxSi viyavi, skenderTan erTad vTamaSobdi.

bavSvoba erTad gavatareT. biZaSvilebidan yvelaze ax-

los viyavi skenderTan. igi iyo metad wesieri, Tavazi-

ani, dinji, mSoblebis moyvaruli da damjeri. arasd-

ros ar wageCxubeboda, yovelTvis mxarSi medga. skola-

Sic pirvel klasSi erTad mivediT da jarSic erTad

gagviwvies. jaridan dabrunebis Semdegac erTmaneTTan

axlos viyaviT. marTalia, is maswavlebeli iyo da mu-

Saobda xulos raionSi, magram roca Camovidoda mSob-

lebTan ojaxSi, aucileblad SevxvdebodiT. bavSvobis

siyvaruli da urTierTpativiscema bolomde gamohyva,~

_ ase daaxasiaTa biZaSvilma Tanatoli skenderi, roca

igonebda masTan erTad gatarebuli bavSvobis wlebs.

$3. swavlis wlebi

mSoblebis mzrunvelobiT, babua-bebias alersiTa

da naTesav-axloblebis moferebiT, skenderis bavSvoba

male gavida. dadga skolaSi Sesvlis dro.

1928 wlis pirveli seqtemberia. Svidi wlis sken-

ders dedam Caacva, daaxura, moamzada pirvel klasSi

wasasvlelad, mamam ki didi sixaruliTa da siamayiT

miiyvana skolaSi. patara skenderi mSobliuri, dawyebi-

Ti skolis pirveli klasis moswavled Caricxes. male

SeeCvia igi skolas, amxanagebs, maswavleblebs. Seiyvara

wigni, skola, maswavlebeli, davalebebs droulad as-

80

rulebda, TamaSsac aswrebda. gaiara winasaanbano peri-

odi, eziara iakob gogebaSvilis `dedaenis~ siTbosa da

xibls. maSin, ra Tqma unda, ver acnobierebda, vin iyo

didi iakobi, magram uxaroda, rom misi wigniT iswavla

qarTul, mSobliur enaze wera-kiTxva. patara biWunas

swavla ar uWirda, klasidan klasSi gadadioda daubr-

koleblad. `friadosani ar viyavi, magram swavla ar

miWirdao~, - igonebda igi CvenTan saubarSi.

xucubani didi sofeli iyo. dawyebiTi skolis ba-

zaze gaixsna jer Svidwliani, Semdeg saSualo skola

da skendermac aqve bolomde gaagrZela swavla.

1938 wels skenderma daamTavra xucubnis saSualo

skola da imave wels moewyo baTumis #1 pedagogiur

saswavlebelSi, romlis bazaze 1935 wels Seiqmna ba-

Tumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis orwliani samaswav-

leblo instituti. 1945 wels igi gadakeTda oTxwlian

saxelmwifo pedagogiur institutad, 1990 wels ki ba-

Tumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo uni-

versitetad. mogvianebiT, saxelwodebidan qalaqis dasa-

xeleba amoiRes da ewoda `SoTa rusTavelis saxel-

mwifo universiteti~ (gaugebaria, ra gamarTleba hqonda

saswavleblis saxelwodebidan qalaqis saxelis anu-

lirebas?) es Secdoma gasworda, magram bolomde ara.

es saswavlebeli rusTavelma ki ar Seqmna, aramed misi

saxelobisaa. amitom unda iyos SoTa rusTavelis sax-elobis (avt.) baTumis saxelmwifo universiteti.

pedagogiuri saswavleblis direqtorad im dros

muSaobda cnobili pedagogi da aRiarebuli organiza-

tori nikoloz lorTqifaniZe, romelic, samwuxarod,

1937 wlis represiebma Seiwira. skenders saswavlebelSi

aswavlidnen mcodne, kvalificiuri, samSoblosaTvis

Tavdadebuli pedgogebi: aleqsandre CimakaZe, vukol

81

iaSvili, ilia Rlonti, nadim niJaraZe, nadia jibuti,

straton ToTibaZe, natalia Jordania, irakli nakaiZe,

ilia gogitiZe, qeTevan alasania, zina gogoliSvili,

meliton kuxianiZe, daviT WeiSvili, givi nioraZe da

sxvebi. masTan erTad saswavlebelSi swavlobdnen Tan-

atolebi: oTar da haidar faRavebi, guguli beriZe, re-

sul gogitiZe, emine maxaraZe, griSa cxoiZe da bevri

sxva.

batoni skenderi didi madlierebiT igonebda am

saswavlebelSi swavlis wlebs, kmayofilebas gamoT-

qvamda maswavleblebis mimarT. moxibluli iyo direq-

toris pirovnebiT da didi ridic hqonda mis mimarT.

1941 wlis 18 ivniss daamTavra pedagogiuri saswav-

lebeli da miiRo dawyebiTi klasebis maswavleblis

kvalifikacia. fiqrobda erTxans skolaSi muSaobas,

SeiZenda SromiT gamocdilebas, daagrovebda cotaoden

fulsac, rac ojaxs gamoadgeboda, mamas daexmareboda,

Semdeg ki surda swavlis gagrZeleba umaRles saswav-

lebelSi da kvalifikaciis amaRleba.

skenderis Canafiqri gonivruli iyo, magram mou-

lodnelma SemTxvevam misi cxovrebis gzac Secvala.

1941 wlis 21 ivniss saswavleblis kursdamTavrebu-

lebs gamoSvebis saRamo hqondaT, romelsac eswrebod-

nen saswavleblis direqtori, pedagogebi, mSoblebi,

kursdamTavrebulebi. ismeboda sadRegrZeloebi, madlo-

bas eubnebodnen aRmzrdel-pedagogebs, mSoblebs, adi-

des samSoblo, romlis samsaxurs male Seudgebodnen.

uxarodaT axalgazrdebs saswavleblis damTavreba,

diplomebiT axali cxovrebis dawyebis molodinSi rom

iyvnen. cota dro gavida, dailia araerTi sasmisi, Rvi-

nom Tavisi Tqva. amas mohyva simRerebi, cekvebi, saRamom

zeimis xasiaTi miiRo. Sexvedra gvian Ramemde gagrZel-

82

da. Semdeg daemSvidobes da gaaciles maswavleblebi,

mere erTmaneTs daemSvidobnen, dauloces gzebi da

Tvalcremlianni dabrundnen ojaxebSi. magram es crem-

lebi iyo sixarulis, daSorebiT gamowveuli sinanulis

da ara ubedurebis an raime mwuxarebis.

male gaTenda 22 ivnisi _ metad mZime da Semzaravi

ambis informaciiT. am dRes faSisturi germania muxana-

Turad Tavs daesxa sabWoTa kavSirs. mTeli qveyana fex-

ze dadga. daiwyo didi samamulo omi.

$4. cxovrebis mZime wlebi

faSistur germanias win aRudga mTeli sabWoTa

xalxi ioseb stalinis meTaurobiT. sabWoTa mTavrobis

gadawyvetilebiT, Catarda mosaxleobis sayovelTao-

savaldebulo mobilizcia. qudze kaci fexze dadga.

saarqivo masalebidan, presis furclebidan, saTanado

wignebidan cnobilia, rom sayovelTao mobilizaciis

oficialurad gamocxadebamde, bevr raionSi axalgazr-

doba cxaddeboda samxedro komisariatebSi da ewere-

boda moxaliseTa rigebSi. am mxriv arc qobuleTis

raioni iyo gamonaklisi. mobilizaciis oficialurad

gamocxadebisTanave 100-mde axalgazrdam gamoTqva sur-

vili moxalised wasvlaze.1 rogorc zemoT iTqva, did

samamulo omis wlebSi faSizmis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi

monawileobda qobuleTis raionidan 5800 kaci, maTgan

dabrunda 1550 mebrZoli. am raionidan Caqvis Semdeg

yvelaze meti xucubnis sasoflo sabWodan 1289 moqa-

1 saqarTvelos prezidentis arqivi, f. 14, aRw. 1, saq. 1676, furc.42.

83

laqe wavida frontze mterTan sabrZolvelad.1 maT So-

ris iyo skender bajeliZec. 1942 wlis 26 ianvars igi,

sxva TanatolebTan erTad, baTumis samxedro komisari-

atidan gaaciles jarSi. skenderi q. moskovSi Cavida,

mere gagzavnes q. podolskSi da Caricxes Sinagan saq-

meTa saxalxo komisariatis specdaniSnulebis SenaerT-

Si, romelic podolskis samxedro saWurvlis damam-

zadebel qarxanas icavda, iqidan _ Crdilo kavkasiaSi,

Semdeg stavropolSi gadaiyvanes. masTan erTad ib-

rZodnen mtris winaaRmdeg baTumeli valiko uCaneiS-

vili, miSa janaSvili, xaburzania, gabelia, miSa xunda-

Ze; manglisidan: jmuxaZe, TeqeTaSvili, TaqTaqiSvili,

wiklauri da sxvebi.

1942 wlis 3 agvistos germaneli faSistebi stavro-

polSi SeiWrnen. pirvel brZolebSi aqtiuri moqmedebi-

sa da gambedaobisTvis skender bajeliZem ordenic ki

daimsaxura (ordenis miRebamde nawili, romelSic sken-

deri iricxeboda, alyaSi moxvda da igi tyved aiyvanes,

magram ordenis gadacema moxda omis damTavrebis Sem-

deg). ai, rogor aRwers am process omgadaxdili:

`erT-erT brZolaSi mterma Cveni poziciebi dabomba

da didi ZaliT Semogvitia. Wirda gamklaveba. amasobaSi

tyvia-wamalic Semogvelia, maSveli Zalac ar Canda.

polkis meTauri daiRupa. misi magivroba axalgazrda

ufrosma leitenantma ikisra. _ ukan unda davixioT,

sxva gamosavali ar aris, mters aravin danebdes! _ mog-

vmarTa man. magram es SeuZlebeli gaxda, radgan mters

ukve alyaSi moeqcia is nawili, romelSic ibrZoda

skender bajeliZe.

1 r. arTmelaZe, samSoblos saxelovani Svilebi, baTumi, 1972, gv.213 (rus. enaze).

84

ase Seicvala samSoblos dasacavad wasuli skender

bajeliZisa da sxvaTa cxovrebis mZime gza. iyo tyveoba,

SiSi, SimSili, gaWirveba, samSobloze fiqri, tyveobi-

dan Tavis dasawRevad gaqcevis ramdenime cda, gaqceva

da isev Cavardna. ai, iqidan daiwyo misi cxovrebis

tragikuli periodi, sulieri da fizikuri wamebis

gaWianurebuli wlebi. bedukuRmarTobam mas arguna do-

nis rostovis, bataiskis, taganrogis, mariupolis, dne-

propetrovskis cixeebSi da sakoncentracio banakebSi

yofna. `yovelive amis miuxedavad, arasdros mifiqria

samSoblos Ralati, yovelTvis imedi mqonda, rom mteri

damarcxdeboda. am imediT vitandiT aTas gasaWirs,

tanjvasa da wvalebas~, _ igonebda veterani.

tyveobaSi skenderi Sexvda baTumis pedagogiuri in-

stitutis istoriis fakultetis kursdamTavrebul mi-

xeil jaSs, mezoblebs xucubnidan _ zia memedis Ze

TxilaiSvilsa da suleiman axmedis Ze oqropiriZes.

germanelebi tyveebs amuSavebdnen rkinigzis xazebisa

da dangreuli xidebis aRdgenaze. isini ramdenime aTas-

ni iyvnen sxvadasxva qveynidan.

1942 wlis bolos sabWoTa tyveebi gadaiyvanes mari-

upolSi, Semdeg dnepropetrovskSi. 1943 wlis Semod-

gomaze moxvdnen prusiasa da poloneTSi. aq banakSi maT

avstrieli, ingliseli da frangi tyveebic SeuerTes.

Semdeg aqedan isini daniisken waiyvanes. `erT-erT nav-

sadgurSi gaqceva vcadeT, _ igonebs tyvedyofili, _

magram metad mkacri kontrolis pirobebSi ver movaxer-

xeT.~ erT navsadgurSi gemi gaCerda. daiwyes germane-

lebis katerebiT tyveebis napirze gadayvana. skenderma

rogorRac moaxerxa katerze asvla da amxanagebTan er-

Tad napirze gadavida. es iyo daniis axlos kunZul

85

redbuzeze, magram amas mohyva isev sakoncentracio

banki, isev tanjva da wameba.

Semdeg skenderi gadaiyvanes q. odenzeSi, sadac sab-

WoTa tyveebis Semkrebi punqti iyo. ra Tqma unda, mas

tyveobaSi aqac bevri wvaleba da wameba gadaxda Tavs.

amasTan, gamoCndnen keTili danieli adamianebi, rom-

lebic tyveebs daxmarebis xels uwvdidnen, apurebdnen,

xandaxan tansacmliTac mosavdnen. yovelive am mowya-

lebas batoni skenderi SiSiT da eWviT uyurebda, ma-

gram tyveTa bedi aiZulebda zogjer uari ar eTqva

mowyalebaze. aseT keTil adamianad mas bolomde ax-

sovda luis uge, romelic didi humanurobiT epyrobo-

da tyveebs da materialuradac exmareboda maT.

`1945 wlis maisSi, _ hyveba veterani, _ CvenTan mo-

vidnen iatakqveSeli danieli patriotebi da omis war-

matebiT damTavreba gvaxares. am dros iq qarTvelTagan

aravin iyo, arc saqarTveloze vicodi araferi. gavige,

rom mkacr pasuxs sTxovdnen yofil tyveebs, magram Cven

xom samSoblosTvis ar gviRalatia.~

da mainc, ra bedi elodaT samSobloSi dabrune-

bulT, aravin icoda. maT (tyveebs) sTavazobdnen ucx-

oeTSi darCenas. `neta, ras ar gvpirdebodnen? rogor

movqceuliyavi, davrCeniliyavi ucxoeTSi? _ xSirad

aseT kiTxvas vusvamdi Tavis Tavs, _ ambobs tyveobaga-

movilili veterani. _ ara! iyo mkacri pasuxi gulSi.

sakuTari qveynis, samSoblos siyvaruli ar masvenebda,

ucxoeTSi darCenili sul tyveobaSi, usamSoblod unda

vyofiliyavi, dabrunebuli ki...~ yvelafris miuxedavad,

batonma skenderma mainc Tavis mamulSi yofna irCia.

gulSi idumalad imeorebda rafiel erisTavis striqo-

nebs da mtkiced swamda, rom:

samSoblo dedis ZuZui, ar gaicvlebis sxvazeda,

86

oriv tkbilia, Zmobilo, mirCevnis, orsav Tvalzeda,rogorc ufali, samSobloc, erTia qveyanazeda..~

poetis gulSi Camwvdomi patriotuli striqonebi

skender maswavleblisTvis fici gaxda.

`mjeroda, rom marTal kacs ar gamwiravdnen~, _

ambobda igi da asec moxda sinamdvileSi.

omis damTavrebis Semdeg sabWoTa sazRvarTan spe-

cialur tyveTa Semkreb punqtSi skenderma gaiara mkac-

ri `safiltracio Semowmeba~. amis Semdeg igi Caricxes

sabWoTa armiis rigebSi. samxedro samsaxuri gaagrZela

omis Semdegac.

mTels xucubanSi icodnen, rom skenderi ugzo-ukv-

lod daikarga frontze. daitires kidec. mSoblebi,

naTesavebi, axloblebi guls ijerebdnen imiT, rom maTi

Svili Tu naTesavi samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis

brZolas Seewira, magram es ra SeRavaTi iyo mSoblis-

Tvis...

madloba RmerTs, es informacia yalbi aRmoCnda.

1946 wels skender bajeliZe moulodnelad dabrunda

ojaxSi. es iyo saswaulebrivi cis gaxsna mSoblebisaT-

vis, naTesav-axloblebisaTvis. gaixares. moisiyvarules.

yvela pativs scemda. erTxans daisvena kidec, male

momjobinda, tyveobis stresi uneldeboda, magram ar

exsneboda...

87

$5. cxovrebis karnaxiT gza umaRlesisken

omi damTavrda. xalxma amoisunTqa. qveyana Seudga

omiT gamowveuli kolosaluri zaralis aRsadgenad Tu

miyenebuli Wrilobebis mosaSuSeblad mSvidobian Sro-

mas.

frontidan dabrunebulma skenderma mcire xans da-

isvena, Seryeuli janmrTeloba gaiumjobesa, magram

omis mZime wlebis saSinelebaTa mogoneba ar asvenebda.

baton skenders, samSoblos winaSe valmoxdils,

sakmao profesiul ganaTlebamiRebuls omis Semdeg

SeeZlo daewyo muSaoba dawyebiTi klasebis maswavle-

blad, mSobliur sofelSi Tu ara raionis axlomaxlo

romelime sofelSi mainc. amaSi, cxadia, aravin da ara-

feri uSlida xels. mSoblebs ki uxarodaT, rom ganaT-

lebiT pedagogi Svili hyavdaT, muSaobas daiwyebs da

ojaxs garkveulad daexmarebao. es survili aki masac

hqonda pedsaswavleblis damTavrebis Semdeg da ramde-

nime wlis muSaobis Semdeg ganagrZobda swavlas umaR-

les saswavlebelSi.

magram amjerad ifiqra, barem umaRles ganaTlebas

miviReb da mere daviwyeb muSaobaso. mSoblebic dae-

Tanxmnen omgadaxdil Svils, vin icis, Semdeg ra moxde-

bao. am gadawyvetilebiT Seudga umaRles saswavlebel-

Si Casabarebeli gamocdebisTvis momzadebas, parale-

lurad mamas exmareboda saojaxo saqmeebSi.

1948 wels Caabara misaRebi gamocdebi da baTumis

SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri

institutis geografiis fakultetis pirveli kursis

studenti gaxda. institutSi leqciebs ukiTxavdnen

cnobili leqtor-maswavleblebi: geografiis kaTedris

gamge nadim niJaraZe, wevrebi: aleqsandre javaxiSvili,

88

kvirosi kvasxvaZe, nadia jibuti, giorgi CxaiZe, platon

mgalobliSvili, vldimer qemxaZe, vladimer norakiZe,

qeTevan alasania, memed stamboloSvili, vukol iaSvi-

li, grigol babiloZe, parmen pataraia, vladimer Wan-

turia, zina gogoliSvili, jemal noRaideli da sxvebi.

skenderi geografias interesiT swavlobda, ramdenadac

bevri qveyana movlili hqonda da misTvis bevri ram

nacnobi iyo, rac interess swavlisadmi ufro aRuZrav-

da da uZlierebda.

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis pedagogiuriinstitutis geografiis fakultetis 1952 w. kurs-damTavrebulTa saiubileo Sexvedra 30 wlisTavze

(1982 w. 28 ivnisi)

suraTze: skender bajeliZe - ukana rigSi marjvnidanpirveli, zis (SuaSi) _ leqtori, geografiis mecnierebaTakandidati, docenti nadia jibuti

89

durie veruliZe

skenderTan erTad swavlobdnen zurab komaxiZe, emi-

ne maxaraZe, mixeil jaSi da sxvebi.

1948 weli skender bajeliZi-

saTvis fexbednieri iyo. jer erTi,

am wels studenti gaxda. meore,

studentobis momdevno wels ojaxi

Seqmna _ Tavisi bedi daukavSira da

momavali cxovrebis uRalato me-

gobrad airCia Tanasofleli, cno-

bili pirovnebis dursun veruliZis

qaliSvili duriko. male qorwilic

gadaixades. ase Seiqmna axali pata-

ra ojaxi xusein bajeliZis did,

fuZe ojaxSi. mesamec is iyo, rom studentobis dros,

1950 wels axalSeqmnil ojaxSi qaliSvili gaCnda. mas

JuJuna daarqves Semdgom pirvel Svils meore _ eTeri

da mesame _ liana mohyvnen. ase ganedlda didi Tu

patara ojaxi.

marTalia, swavla da ojaxi _ orive cal-calke

mZime tvirTia, erTad aRebuli ki warmoudgenlad umZi-

mesi. kargi meuRlis TanadgomiT, mzrunveli mSoblebis

xelSewyobiT skenders swavlaSi xeli ar SeSlia. 1952

wels daamTavra umaRlesi saswavlebeli, aimaRla pro-

fesiuli ostatoba da gaxda saSualo skolis geo-

grafiis diplomiani maswavlebeli. ha, burTi da moeda-

ni, sadac ginda imuSave, miT ufro aWara, gansakuT-

rebiT misi mTiani raionebi, maswavlebelTa kadrebis

naklebobas ganicdidnen.

amrigad, 1948-1952 wlebi axalbeda, damwyebi, ukve

diplomiani, maswavleblis cxovrebaSi uaRresad Rirs-

SesaniSnavi periodi iyo: studentoba, bednierebis mom-

tani ojaxis Seqmna, Svilebi, maTiT gamowveuli axali

90

sixaruli, umaRlesi ganaTlebis miReba, diplomi da

pedagogiuri saqmianobis dawyeba _ yvelferi is, rasac

natrobda axalgazrda, omgadaxdili skenderi, yvela-

feri kargad, warmatebiT auxda. momaval cxovrebaSi

mwvane Suqi aenTo.

$6. muSaoba aWaris `ucnob~ mTianeTSi

rogorc iTqva, batonma skenderma 1952 wels daam-

Tavra baTumis saxelmwifo pedinstituti da gaxda geo-

grafiis maswavlebeli. kursdamTavrebulTa gamana-

wilebelma komisiam, romelSic Sediodnen institutis

reqtori, fakultetis dekanebi, sazogadoebrivi organ-

izaciebis xelmZRvanelebi, aWaris ganaTlebis ministri,

q. baTumisa da aWaris raionebis ganaTlebis ganyofi-

lebaTa gamgeebi, skender bajeliZe gaanawilა aWaris

mTianeTSi, misTvis jer kidev ucnob xulos raionis

xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi. gaformda ministris brZa-

neba (# 85,1952, 26 agvisto), romliTac dainiSna aRniS-

nuli skolis geografiis maswavleblad.

mZime pirobebi iyo maSin, qveyana omis Wrilobebs

iSuSebda. jer kidev iyo siZneleebi, ugzooba, utrans-

portoba. avtobusi dadioda q. baTumidan mxolod xu-

los raionul centramde, zamleTidan xixaZiramde ki 35

km fexiT unda evloT. SemTxveviT Tu Segxvdeboda rai-

me satvirTo manqana, didi bedniereba iyo.

`respublikuri saaavadmyofos iqiT gza saiT midi-

oda, ar vicodi. sabWoTa kavSirisa da evropis didi

nawili moviare, omi gadavitane da aWariswylis xeobaSi

ar vyofilvar, ar vicodi, sad mivdiodi, vin damxvde-

boda, sastumro, bina safiqrali mqonda. problema xom

91

ar Semeqmneba-meTqi, _ sul amaze vfiqrobdi~, _ didi

gancdiT ambobs gamocdili maswavlebeli Tavisi muSao-

bis dawyebis periodze, pirveli mgzavrobis STabeWd-

ilebebze. mogvianebiT, xixaZirSi didxans nayofierad

muSaobis Semdeg, xixaZirsa da sxalTa-xixanis stumarT-

moyvare mosaxleobaze, maTgan gancdil siTbosa da siy-

varulze yovelTvis didi siamayiT saubrobda amagdari

maswavlebeli, batoni skenderi (amis Sesaxeb naxavT

qvemoT).

axalgazrda, jan-RoniT savse pedagogi pirveli

daemSvidoba mSoblebs, ojaxs, Cavida baTumSi, SeiZina

samgzavro bileTi da gaswia misTvis jer kidev ucnobi

mxarisken. karg kacs RmerTi ar gaswiravso, – naTqvamia

da baton skenders avtosadgurSi, avtobusis gasvlamde

Sexvda erTi nacnobi Tu axlobeli pirovneba, romel-

mac icoda xuloc da xixaZiric. man Tavisi damai-

medebeli saubriT gaamxiarula, daamSvida. mgzavroba

Znelia, transportis naklebobis gamo, magram, samagi-

erod, iq kargi xalxia, gadagyvebian, stumari uyvarT.

Sen, miT umetes, midixar saxelmwifo mivlinebiT, unda

emsaxuro, maT Svilebs unda aswavlo. Sen Tavdajere-

buli, Tavmdabali iyavi da isini migiReben, rogorc

Sinaurs. axval Tu ara xixaZirSi, maSinve darwmundebi

amaSio, _ gaamxneva Tanamosaubrem. bolos ki daatana, iq

cxovrobs erTi metad kargi kaci, sergo jaiani, isicmaswavlebelia, moikiTxe da yvelaferSi dagexmarebao.

axalbeda skender maswavlebels cotaTi gulze moeSva,

kargi kaci eguleba sofelSi, sadac TviTon midis, Ra-

mes gaaTevinebs, meore dRes skolaSi rom miva, di-

reqtori daudgeba gverdSi. am imediT madloba uTxra

Tanamosaubres, mSvidobiani mgzavroba usurva imanac,

dauloca samsaxuric da daSordnen. Rrmad Cafiqrebu-

92

li skender maswavlebeli, sxva uamrav mgzavrTan erTd,

Cajda avtobusSi, daiZra usulo `raSi~, axalbeda mas-

wavlebeli gaudga gzas xixaZirisken. is zamleTSi unda

Camosuliyo da xelmarjvniv unda gahyoloda sxalTis

xeobisken, sofel xixaZiris gzas, magram, radgan

pirvelad mgzavrobda am mxares, zamleTSi Camosvlis

nacvlad, xulos raionul centrSi aRmoCnda. sxva ra

gza hqonda. moikiTxa ganaTlebis ganyofileba da gan-

yofilebis gamges _ levan beriZes warudgina Tavisi

sagzuri, ministis brZaneba.

gamgem yuraRdebiT miiRo axali maswavlebeli,

gaecno da bolos uTxra: _ dRes gvianaa, xixaZirSi ver

aaRwev, aq sastumro aris, Ramis gaTeva ar gagiWirdeba,

xval diliT ki avtobuss gahyevi zamleTamde da iqidan

waxval xixaZirSio, _ urCia gamgem.

meore dRes, diliT, batoni skenderi gaudga gzas

raionuli centridan xixaZirisken. zamleTidan igi,

ramdenime sxva maswavlebelTan erTad, fexiT gaudga 35

km-ian gzas. gaiares furtio, sxalTa, kvatia, fuSru-

kauli da bolos mividnen `nanatr~ xixaZirSi. ukve mo-

saRamoebuliyo, binddeboda. soflis centrSi, `xi-

disTavze~, ramdenime kaci iyo. gauxarda soflis axal,

Tu pirvel stumars. miesalma, _ ras SvrebiT, rogor

xarT, megobrebo? _ Zveli nacnobiviT gamokiTxa da

dauwyo tkbili saubari sakmaod grZel gzagamovlilma

da sakmarisze metad daRlilma stumarma. saintereso

saubari gaimarTa stumarsa da maspinZlebs Soris. es

xom sazRvrispira sasoflo sabWos centri iyo. iqve

axlos mesazRvreTa samxedro nawili _ komendatura

funcionirebda. mosaxleoba Zalian fxizlobda, ro-

gorc usamxreebo mesazRvreni, miT umetes, mosuli stu-

mari, marTalia, Tbilad da tkbilad laparkobda, ma-

93

sergo jaiani

gram aravisTvis nacnobi ar iyo. maspinZlebic Tbilad

Sexvdnen maTTvis ucnob kacs, taqtianad gamokiTxes

vinaoba, ra saqmeze da visTan iyo mosuli. _ Cven xom

ver dagexmarebiTo, SeaSveles Tbili sityva. roca

gaiges, xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi maswavleblad iyo

gamogzavnili, _ dainteresdnen, Sinaurad CaTvales, _

axla daRamda, skolaSi aravinaa, skolis direqtori

xval iqnebao da Ramis gasaTevad yvela epatiJeboda

ukve gacnobil da sapatio stumars sakuTar ojaxSi.

yvelas madloba uTxra am gulTbilad miRebisTvis da

mainc irCia sergo jaianis naxva. cxadia, maspinZlebma

ar awyenines stumars da miiyvanes sergo jaianis ojax-

Si. sergo jaiani xom cnobili iyo

ara marto sofelSi, aramed sxalTa-

xixanis xeobasa da mTel raionSi. igixevisberi kaci iyo xeobaSi, pedagogi-

inteligenti, raionuli aqtivis wev-

ri. is kargad Sexvda stumars. misi

xixaZirSi ganawilebis Sesaxeb man

skolis direqtoris informaciiT uk-

ve icoda. guli guls Sexvdeba da

orives gaexardebao, naTqvamia. am ga-

moTqmisa ar iyos, orive pedagogi

iyo. maT male gamonaxes sasaubro Tema. kidev meti, ser-

gos meuRlem _ qalbatonma naTelamac stumari ZmasaviT

miiRo da qarTveli qalis kdemamosilebiT, diasaxlisis

marifaTebiT gaumaspinZlda. ra Tqma unda, daloces

stumari da misi pirveli stumroba xixanis xeobaSi,

sofel xixaZirSi, am ojaxSi, xixaZiris skolis

maswavleblad daniSvna da warmatebebi usurves pe-

dagogiur frontze. skender maswavlebelma gulTbilad

miRebisTvis didi madloba uTxra maspinZlebs, aRuTqva,

94

rom am sofelSi da ojaxSi pirveli stumroba samu-

damod dauviwyari iqneboda misTvis (da marTlac, ase

iyo bolomde _ avt.)

meore diliT, sauzmis Semdeg, stumari da maspinZe-

li erTad wavidnen skolaSi. ase dasrulda axal-

daniSnuli skender bajeliZis pirveli mgzavroba ba-

Tumidan xixaZiris saSualo skolamde. pirveli seqtem-

bridan ki daiwyo misi pedagogiuri moRvaweoba.

rogorc batoni skenderi igonebs, imxanad mTis

sofeli cud dReSi iyo. yvelafers omis kvali aCnda,

cxovreba Wirda. skolaSi adgilobrivi maswavleblebi

mxolod dawyebiT klasebSi iyvnen saSualo ganaT-

lebiT, an xulos pedagogiuri saswavlebeldamTavre-

bulni. skola dakompleqtebuli iyo ZiriTadad saqarT-

velos sxvadasxva kuTxidan movlinebuli axalgazrda

pedagogebiT, romelsac pirvel xanebSi axalgazrda di-

reqtori Tavkacobda. skolaSi saxarbielo mdgomareoba

ar iyo. maswavleblebs mZime pirobebSi uxdebodaT mu-

Saoba.

1953 wlis seqtembridan skolas dimitri xozreva-

niZe Cauyenes saTaveSi. `gadmocemiT vicodi, – igonebda

batoni skenderi, _ rom dimitri xozrevaniZe mkacri

xelmZRvaneli iyo. SemdgomSi gairkva, rom igi sim-

kacresTan erTad, metad samarTliani da momTxovni

xelmZRvaneli gaxldaT. uwinares yovlisa, momTxovni

iyo sakuTari Tavisadmi da Semdeg skolis koleqti-

visadmi. uyvarda wesrigi, disciplina, Sroma. futkariv-

iT muSa kaci iyo. bevrs smenia da bevric dawerila

xixaZiris saSualo skolis warsulSi aRiarebul war-

matebebze, misi direqtoris, aWaris damsaxurebuli

maswavleblis _ dimitri xozrevaniZis damsaxurebaze,

ara marto am kuTxis axalgazrdobis saSualo da uma-

95

dimitrixozrevaniZe(1916-1964) _

aWaris damsax-urebuli

maswavlebeli,xixaZiris saSu-alo skolisdireqtori

1953-1959 wlebSi

Rlesi ganaTlebis miRebis uzrun-

velyofaSi, aramed am xeobis kul-

turuli dawinaurebis saSvili-

Svilo saqmeSic.

udavo WeSmaritebaa, marto is

rad Rirs, rom swored aw gansven-

ebuli dimitri xozrevaniZis xel-

mZRvanelobiT, xixaZiris saSualo

skola gadaiqca saqarTvelos res-

publikis skolebs Soris erT-erT

mowinave skolad. axalgazrdoba

masobrivad daewafa swavlas ara

marto skolaSi, aramed umaRles

saswavleblebSi. misi aq muSaobis

periodSi 12 axalgazrdam skola

oqrosa da vercxlis medlebze

daamTavra. bevrma umaRlesi ga-

naTlebac miiRo. swavlis `kulti~

Seiqmna. axalgazrdobas ise Seuy-

varda umaRlesi ganaTleba, rogorc navardiT daRlil

irems _ wyaro ankara. yovelive miRweuli d. xoz-revaniZem Seajama da ganazogada Tavis wignSi `skolamTaSi~ (baTumi, 1958). wignSi, sxvebTan erTad, ganzoga-debulia skender bajeliZis pedagogiuri moRvaweoba. amskolaSi yovelive sasikeTo saqmianobaze, direqtorTanerTad, didi damsaxureba swored skender bajeliZesmiuZRvis.

SemTxveviTi rodi iyo is faqti, rom saswavlo na-

wilis gamge al. miqelaZe samuSaod sxva raionSi gadai-

yvanes. am Tanamdebobaze bevrma gamoTqva muSaobis sur-vili, magram skolis direqtorma arCevani baton sken-der bajeliZeze SeaCera. igi skolaSi muSaobis erTi

96

wlis Semdeg daawinaures saswavlo nawilis gamged da

6 wlis ganmavlobaSi, direqtorTan erTad, mTeli mon-

domebiT zrunavda, rogorc moswavleTa swavla-aRzr-

disTvis, aseve axalgazrda, energiuli pedagogiuri

kadrebis dainteresebisa da daxelovnebisaTvis. isini

erToblivad samSoblos uzrdidnen Rirseul patri-

otebs. amdenad, skenderi direqtoris marjvena xeli

iyo. `zogierT Cveneburs vaJbatonebs rom hkiTxo, _

werda didi pedagogi da humanisti iakob gogebaSvili,

_ yovel adamians mucliTganve Tan gamoaqvs mamuliS-

vilobao, radganac samSoblo qveynis siyvaruli yvelas

bunebiTve Tana hyveba da amitom am grZnobis aRzrdaze

zrunva ra saWiroao...~ _ akritikebs ra aseT vaJba-

tonebs, gogebaSvili ganagrZobs: `patriotoba sazo-

gadoebam da calke pirma unda danergon, aRzardon da

daayenon jerovan simaRlezed...~

skender maswavlebeli yovel aRsazrdels unergav-

da mSobliuri xalxisa da qveynis siyvaruls, pativis-

cemas yovelive imisadmi, rac, miuxedavad istoriis

bedukuRmarTobisa, Cveni kuTxis qarTvelobam sicocx-

lis fasad SeinarCuna: moyvasis gatana, sxvisi Wiris

Tavisad miCneva, namusis qudis tareba, ufros-umcroso-

bis dafaseba, uangaro samsaxuri samSoblosadmi.

marto imis gaxseneba rad Rirs, rom im ormocda-

aTian wlebSi, roca mTis skolebSi Wirda gogonebis

swavlebaSi Cabma, es problema xixaZirSi ukve aRar

arsebobda, radgan aqaur mosaxleobas sjeroda, rom iq,

sadac skolis direqtori dimitri xozrevaniZea, saswav-

lo nawilis gamge _ skender bajeliZe da saswavlo-aR-

mzrdelobiTi muSaobas mtkiced Sekruli, erTsulovani

da maRalkvalificiuri pedgogiuri koleqtivi axorce-

97

lebs, maT Svilebs araferi mouvidodaT. yvela maswav-

lebeli sakuTari SviliviT zrunavda moswavleze.

aqve, skolis xelmZRvanelobasTan erTad, jerovani

Sefaseba unda mieces im did Sromismoyvare, saerTo

saqmisTvis Tavdadebuli pedgogiuri koleqtivis saqmia-

nobas, romelSic batoni skenderi moRvaweobda. maT

Soris, uwinares yovlisa, aRsaniSnavi arian saqarTve-

losa da aWaris damsaxurebuli maswavleblebi: sergo

jaiani, roland bolqvaZe, ana alfaiZe, giorgi sira-

biZe, arCil iSxneliZe, daviT Rlonti, musto miqelaZe,

emine da dursun gabaiZeebi, mogvianebiT ufrosi maswav-

leblebi: givi Todria, evgenia kuzmina, lamara maxara-

Ze, axalgazrda maswavleblebi: aslan xaxutaiSvili,

revaz beraZe, ioseb abaSiZe (samive pedagogi _ aslani,

revazi da iosebi Semdeg baTumis pedinstitutSi miiw-

vies, disertacia daicves da iq ganagrZes muSaoba),

xixaZiris saSualo skolis pedkoleqtivi.sxedan, marcxnidan marjvniv: mesame dimitri xozrevaniZe

(direqtori), mexuTe skender bajeliZe (sasw. nawilis gamge)

98

xixaZiris saSualo skolis pedkoleqtivi.xixaZiri, 1953 w.

oTar oCigava, Taliko ruseiSvili, daviT gogoZe, lia-

na baramiZe, folad cecxlaZe, beJan da aslan miqelaZ-

eebi, ioseb mamulaZe, mzevinar jaiani, nespie gabaiZe,

zurab beriZe da sxvebi. es skola Semd-gomSic agrZe-

lebda da tradiciebs ar Ralatobda. swored skolis

xelmZRvanelTa da mTlianad pedagogiuri koleqtivis

nayofieri Sromis Sedegia, rom xixaZiris saSualo sko-

la maSin da momdevno wlebSic, roca mas didxans aWa-

ris damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli arCil iSxneliZe

xelmZRvanelobda, asobiT axalgazrdam daamTavra,

maTgan 28-m oqrosa da vercxlis medalze, 600-ze metma

kursdamTavrebulma miiRo umaRlesi ganaTleba, ro-

melTagan 30-ze meti mecnier-muSakia, (mecnierebaTa doq-

tori, mecnierebaTa kandidati Tu akademiuri doqtori).

Cven, am wignis avtorebs, gvqonda bedniereba da am

skolaSi swored misi aRzevebis periodSi, 1953-1956

wlebSi, vswavlobdiT. vcxovrobdiT saskolo internat-

Si, sadac aRmzrdel-maswavlebelTa da skolis xel-

99

mZRvanelobis mudmivi yuradRebis, zrunvisa da kontro-

lis qveS viyaviT. xSirad Rameebi gviTendeboda wignze

muSaobasa Tu Temebis damuSavebaSi. kargad swavlisaT-

vis im drois Sesabamisad saTanado pirobebi iyo Se-

qmnili. direqtori da saswavlo nawilis gamge xSirad

modiodnen saRamoobiT saskolo internatSi, zogjer

moulodnelad da gvamowmebdnen, gvexmarebodnen, yvel-

afers akeTebdnen, rom rameSi xeli ar SegvSloda da

kargad gveswavla.

skender maswavlebeli geografias gvaswavlida. uy-

varda ruka. jer saWiro punqtebs zepirad CamogvaTvle-

vinebda rukasTan zurgSeqceviT, xolo Semdeg CamoTv-

lil adgilebs rukaze Semogvaxazvinebda. iyo Zalian

momTxovni, uwinares yovlisa, TavisTavisadmi da mos-

wavleebisganac mkacrad iTxovda codnas. gamoirCeoda

obieqturobiT, principulobiT, samarTlianobiT. ver

egueboda moswavleTa cbierebas. Tu SeamCnevda, ar apa-

tiebda. cdilobda, aseT moswavleebSi uaryofiTi

Tvisebebis aRmofxvras. bevr SemTxvevaSi mizans aRwevda

marjvnidan marcxniv: skender bajeliZe,SoTa abaSiZe, arCil iSxneliZe. baTumi, 1980

100

kidec. Zalian fxizeli Tvali hqonda, verafers gamoa-

parebdi. niSnebs iolad ar werda, e.i. ar uyvarda ze-

reloba. Cveni klasi gamorCeuli iyo skolaSi, rogorc

swavlaSi, ise disciplinis mxriv, magram ar iqna da

xuTosnebma erTxans ver miviReT `xuTebi~ geografiaSi.

pirveli `friadi~ daimsaxura Tanaklaselma egnate

dumbaZem. gakveTilis gamarTulad moyolis Semdeg, ru-

kis codanSi Tavic gamoiCna, gasameorebeli da ara

marto es, ganvlili masalebis codniT gaaxara peda-

gogi, ris Semdeg mas dauwera niSani `friadi~ da Tan

daamata: `yoCaR, egnate, didad masiamovne. ase unda gaa-

grZelo. Sen sxva dumbaZeebs ajobe. kargi iqneba, Tu

Seni biZaSvilebi mogbaZaven Sen~-o. odnav Rimilnarevi

sityvebiT, TiTqosda mkacri toniT da spetaki guliT

daasrula saubari. egnatemde gamoZaxebulTagan erTs

`oriani~, meores `samiani~ dauwera. ra Tqma unda, qebu-

li egnates `friadma~ (im meoTxedSi mTel klasSi pir-

veli `friadi~ iyo am saganSi) vizualurad Canda da

Cvenc vgrZnobdiT, rom maswavlebeli gaaxara, gaaxali-

sa, gaamxiarula, albaT, manamde Sinaganad fiqrobda _

`Cemi nakli xom araa, moswavleebi friadebs rom ver

Rebulobeno~ (kargi maswavlebeli dabali moswrebis

mizezebs moswavleebSi ki ara, TavisTavSi eZebs) da am

talRaze myof maswavlebels meti aravin gamouZaxebia.

didi xalisiT axsna axali masala. es iseTi rTuli,

saocari da STambeWdavi scena iyo, klasi gaognebuli

darCa. es ambavi samsawavlebloSic iTqva, direqtorsac

moaxsena, Sens `xuTosnebs~ egnatem ajoba, pirveli `xu-

Tiani~ man miiRo klasSio. es epizodi e.w. `Cepe~ gavr-

celda mTels skolaSi. ai, rogori mkacri da momTx-

ovni iyo skender maswavlebeli. marTalia, is mkacri

pedagogi iyo, magram Cven gviyvarda, radgan samarTlia-

101

nic iyo. niSnebs yovelTvis obieqturad werda. maswav-

lebelma egnate Seaqo da es CvenTvisac stimuli iyo,

rom pirveli `friadi~ klasSi daimsaxura dumbaZem da

ra ufleba gvqonda, ar migvebaZa misTvis, anda, direq-

tori Tu klasis xelmZRvaneli (oTar oCigava) gapati-

ebdnen zerelobas swavlaSi? ra Tqma unda, male Cvenc

avmaRldiT biZaSvil egnatemde geografiis SeswavlaSi.

ai, ras wers amasTan dakavSirebiT Tavad egnate

dumbaZe: `me gansakuTrebiT miyvarda geografia, mTeli

gulisyuriT vekidebodi rukis codnas, es siyvaruli

me-5 klasidan (Txilvanis maSin 8-wlian, SemdgomSi saS-

ualo da amJamad sajaro skolaSi geografiis maswav-

leblis levTer bJalavas da Semdgom nazi xarazis

mier danergili mqonda. isini roca gakveTils gvixs-

nidnen, rukaze saWiro adgils ise Semoxazavdnen saCve-

nebeli joxiT, rom rukisken arc Seixedavdnen, TiTqos

`zurgze Tvalebi hqondaT~ da rukas xedavdnen. maTi es

manera Zalian momwonda da mamaCems ruka (maSin arc Tu

ise ioli sanaxavi iyo) vayidvine da Sin didxans vvar-

jiSobdi rukaze moxazvis am maneris gamosamuSaveblad.

isini moswavleebisgan yvela gakveTilze detalurad

iTxovdnen Seswavlili qveynebis sworad Cvenebas ru-

kaze, maTi farTobis, mosaxleobis monacemebis codnasa

da dedaqalaqebis damaxsovrebas. es, rogorc wesi, unda

scodnoda nebismier moswavles. me am moments gansakuT-

rebul yuradRebas vaqcevdi geografiaSi gakveTilis

swavlis dros. am saqmeSi erTmaneTs vejibrebodiT sko-

laSi mimavali Tanaklaselebi (skolamde manZili 3-4 km

iyo yoveldRiurad savali). roca xixaZiris saSualo

skolaSi ganvagrZeT swavla, aq moTxovnebi kidev ufro

meti iyo. aman Cemze uaryofiTad ki ara, piriqiT, dade-

biTad imoqmeda, ufro meti stimuli momeca, wamaqeza.

102

ufro mets vmecadineobdi, friadosani ar vyofilvar,

magram imas ki mivaRwie, rom geografiaSi yvelas va-

jobe da pirveli `friadi~ miviRe. skender maswavleb-

lis pedagogiurma taqtma, misi manerebisa da sagnisamdi

uzado siyvarulma sabolood gansazRvra Cemi momavali

profesia – pedagogoba da specialoba _ geografiis

maswavlebloba. davamTavre geografia-biologiis fa-

kulteti da ramdenime weliwadi pedago-giur moRvaweo-

basac veweodi Cems mSobliur Txilvanis saSualo sko-

laSi. RmerTma naTelSi amyofos misi suli, batoni

skenderi Cemi saficari da sayvareli maswavlebeli

iyo~, _ ase daasrula egnatem Tavisi memuaruli sau-

bari skender maswavlebelze, mis gakveTilze da gax-

maurebul da saintereso epizodebze.

skender maswavlebeli iTxovda ara mxolod axsni-

li gakveTilis, aramed ganvlili masalis codnasac.

axal masalasTan erTad, gasameoreblad mogvcemda ganv-

lil masalas ara paragrafebis TanmimdevrobiT, aramed

Tematuri niSniT. es xerxi Zalian gvexmareboda sxvada-

sxva gakveTilze miRebuli codnis erTmaneTTan dakav-

Sireba-damaxsovrebaSi. gamoZaxebuli moswavle moyve-

boda wina gakveTilze axsnil masalas, gasameoreblad

micemuli masalis ZiriTad sakiTxebs da Semdeg maswav-

lebeli gansakuTrebulad moiTxovda ganvlili masa-

lis mTavar, yovelTvis dasamaxsovrebel momentebs (ge-

ografiuli punqtebis Cveneba rukaze, Tu Teoriuli sa-

kiTxebi, qveynebis farTobebi, mosaxleoba, saxelmwifo-

Ta dedaqalaqebi da a.S.). geografiis gakvTili amave

dros gamocdac iyo. amis Semdeg maswavlebeli Seaja-

mebda moswavlis Sromas, saTanado komentarebiT da

dauwerda niSans. imdenad obieqturad werda niSans,

rom arc erT moswavles ar uCndeboda pretenziis sa-

103

fuZveli. amrigad, skender maswavlebeli gansakuTrebiT

ver egueboda muSaobis epizodur xasiaTs, rac gamoix-

ateboda moswavlis niSnis misaRebad da ara codnis

SesaZenad swavlaSi. is ki mkacrad iTxovda moswav-

lisagan sistematur codnas (swavla codnis SesaZenad

da ara mxolod niSnis misaRebad), sistematurobis

moTxovna, rogorc swavlebis erT-erTi aspeqti, skender

maswavleblisaTvis gansakuTrebuli aucilebloba iyo.

pirvelad ver avuReT alRo, maRal niSnebs saerTod ar

werso, vfiqrobdiT, magram erTjer Cvens gasaxarad, iyo

aseTi momentic, saubarSi isic Tqva, rom erTma adami-

anma, rogori didi ganaTlebac hqondes, ar SeiZleba

yvelaferi icodeso. amitom arsebobs leqsikonebi, en-

ciklopediebi da a.S. yvelaferi arc me vici, magram is

mTavari, rac umaRlesi saswavleblis programiT gaT-

valiswinebulia, aucileblad unda icodes nebismierma

maswavlebelma, rom SeZlos aswavlos sxvas. Tqvenc

maswavleblis doneze ki ver iswavliT geografias, ma-

gram saskolo programis farglebSi aucileblad unda

daeufloT mTavar sakiTxebs, ara epizodurad, aramed

sistematurad da unda SeZloT sakiTxebis erTmaneTTan

dakavSireba, SeZenili codnis logikurad, Tanmimdevru-

lad gadmocema msmenelisaTvis gasagebad. aseT SemTxve-

vaSi me mzad var nebismier moswavles davuwero ara

marto dadebiTi, aramed maRali niSnebic. maswavleblis

am Ria da gulwrfelma saubarma Cvenze didi gavlena

moaxdina. kidev ufro Segvayvara sender maswavlebeli.

gavigeT misi manerebi da muRami. gakveTilebis momza-

debis Semdeg internatSi mcxovrebi moswavleebi veji-

brebodiT, SekiTxvebs vusvamdiT erTmaneTs ganvlili

masalidan, ara marto geografiaSi, aramed yvela sagan-

Si. amiT bolos da bolos gavugeT maswavlebels, avye-

104

viT mas. Cvenc movigeT da maswavlebelic kmayofili

darCa Cveni swavlis SedegebiT. umaRles saswavlebleb-

Si, visac gamocdis Cabareba mouwia geografiaSi, an am

specialobaze moewyo, swavla ar gaWirvebia. yovelTvis

kmayofilebiT aRniSnavdnen skender maswavleblis dam-

saxurebas, mis pedagogiur ostatobas.

batoni skenderi originaluri Tvisebebis mqone

pedagogi iyo. Tu moswavleTa Soris skolaSi mkacri

saxe hqonda, xSirad SegvimCnevia, rom maswavlebelTa

koleqtivSi mas xumroba scodnia, icoda anekdotebis

sainteresod moyola (es xom xelovnebaa, yvelas ar ga-

mosdis). sxvebs gaacinebda yurebamde, TviTon ki iSvi-

aTad gaicinebda. iyo dinji, sityvaZviri, TavdaWerili,

gansakurebiT gakveTilebis dros. skender maswavleb-

lis am Tvisebas vgebulobdiT sxva maswavleblebisgan.

aqve unda aRvniSnoT erTi niSandoblivi momentic. pir-

velad maswavleblebi cxovrobdnen daqiravebul bineb-

Si, calke ojaxebSi. dimitri xozrevaniZem SeZlo mas-

wavleblebisTvis saerTo sacxovreblis aSeneba, ris

Semdeg yvela maswavlebeli gadavida am sacxvorebelSi.

aman pedagogiuri koleqtivi ufro SeamWidrova, mono-

liTuri da megobruli gaxada. marTlac, maswavlebel-

Ta megobruli cxovrebis pirobebis uzrunvelyofa

erT-erTi mTavari momentia saskolo cxovrebSi. es

ukanaskneli ki mTavari faqtoria saswavlo-aRmzrdelo-

biT Tu saswavlo-saganmanaTleblo saqmianobaSi ara

marto skolaSi, saswavlo dawesebulebaSi, aramed mo-

saxleobaSi, mSobelTa Soris muSaobaSic. aqedan iqmne-

ba pedkoleqtivis Tu skolis saerTo avtoriteti. xixa-

Ziris saSualo skola, skender maswavleblis sityvebiT

rom vTqvaT, amis saukeTeso nimuSi iyo saqarTvelos

soflis skolebs Soris.

105

skender mawavlebeli maRali aRnagobis, momxiblavi

garegnobis kaci iyo, hqonda TeTri saxe, Savi Tvalwar-

bi, koxta ulvaSebi, lamazad gadavarcxnili qoCori.

garegnulad iyo pirquSi, Zalian mowyenili, TiTqos

viRacaze Tu raRacaze gabrazebuli, magram adamiane-

bisadmi metad gulTbili da yuradRebiani iyo. mos-

wavleebi zogjer aseT mdgomareobaSi rom SevamCnevdiT

mis mowyenil saxes, erTmaneTSi vityodiT: neta, skender

maswavlebels ra awuxebs? avad xom ar aris? sul ar

icinis, mudam Cafiqrebulia, _ xSirad gvifiqria da

kidevac gviTqvams erTmaneTSi moswavle-internatelebs.

Cven gviCndeboda maswavleblis Secodebis grZnoba: neta

ra uWirs? Cvengan Svelas xom ar iTxovs? an Cven ra

SegveZlo, garda SeniSnuli gancdisa? iseTi ieri hqon-

da, TiTqos marTlac Svelas iTxovda garSemomyofTa-

gan. Cven, moswavleebi, xom ver vkiTxavdiT mis gasaWir-

ze. amitom vcdilobdiT, kargad gveswavla gakveTilebi

da amiT mainc gagvexarebina Cveni sayvareli maswavle-

beli. sxvaTa Soris, misi mowyenilobis mizezi CvenTvis

erT xans saidumlod rCeboda. didi xnis Semdge, baTum-

Si rom daviwyeT muSaoba, mxolod maSin gavigeT CvenT-

vis gaucnobierebeli, magram gancdili momenti. igi

xSirad CamobrZandeboda Tavisi `raSiT~, msubuqi avto-

manana `moskviCiT~ baTumSi, aucileblad gvinaxulebda,

Zalian davuaxlovdiT mas. maswavlebelsa da moswavles

Soris, ostatsa da Segirds Soris urTierTobis zne-

borivi subordinaciis SenarCunebiT damyarda megobru-

li urierToba Cvens Soris. xSirad vixsenebdiT xixa-

Ziris saSualo skolaSi Cveni swavlisa da misi mu-

Saobis epizodebs. swored maSin davusviT kiTxva didi

mobodiSebiT: _ skender maswavlebelo, yovelTvis Cafi-

qrebuli iyaviT, vicodiT, gqondaT axali kostiumi, ma-

106

gram iSviaTad icvamdiT, ra gqondaT maSin safiqrali?

moswavleebs gvaRelvebda Tqveni aseTi gancdebi da

daRvremiloba, cotaTi gaTamamebulebma gavubedeT

aseTi kiTxva.

_ ax, axalgazrdebo, ra bednierebi xarT! Tqven ar

iciT, ra aris omi da isic aseTi grandiozuli, daman-

greveli meore msoflio omi. misi saSineleba, gansa-

kuTrebiT tyveobaSi gatarebuli Cemi mZime wlebi. mar-

Talia, tyveobidan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg gaviare e. w.

`politikuri filtracia~, jarSic damabrunes da erTi

weli omis Semdeg kidev vimsaxure, mgram sul meSinoda,

xom ar damiWeren, rogorc yofil tyves-meTqi. skolaSi

uSiSroebis muSakis gamoCenis SiSiT gulSi vambobdi _

Cems wasayvanad xom ar mosula-meTqi. ase viyavi wlebis

ganmavlobaSi. Cacma-daxurvaze vin fiqrobda, an ra me-

kostumeboda, an ra gamacinebda. biWebi zogjer saRa-

moobiT an dasvenebis dReebSi sadResaswaulod (Tu

ojaxebSi, mSoblebTan ver wavidodiT) CamovjdebodiT,

cota RviniTac SeviqcevdiT Tavs, maSin gulze momeSve-

boda (ra Zala aqvs dalocvil Rvinos, oRond zomiere-

bis dacviT): gavxalisdebodiT, mec gavicinebdi, anekdo-

tebsac movyvebodiT, omis epizodebsac vixsenebdiT, iS-

viTad, magram mainc vxumrobdiT kidec. aba, zamTris

grZel RameebSi ra unda gagvekeTebina, sul wignis ki-

Txva xom ar SeiZleba, dasveneba da garTobac saWiroa.

daxarjuli energia unda aRadgino. 1956 wels, roca

represirebulTa reabilitacia daiwyo, SvebiT amovisu-

nTqe, _ agvisxna Cvenma maswavlebelma misi mdgomareo-

biT Sewuxebul da didxans amaze Cafiqrebul moswav-

leebs. ar viciT, ramdenad dagvijerebT, magram getyviT,

rom Cvenc maswavleblis Secodebis grZnoba maSin mog-

vexsna.

107

skender maswavlebeli yovelTvis mowesrigebuli

iyo. igi uyvarda yvelas, pedagogiur koleqtivsa da

moswavle axalgazrdobas. kargi avtoriteti daimsaxu-

ra soflis mosaxleobaSi, mSoblebSi, ganaTlebis sis-

temis mesveurTa Sorisac. skolis inspeqtirebis dros

(zogjer es mTel kviras grZeldeboda) skender maswav-

lebeli yovelTvis gamoirCeoda Tavisi akademiuri, gan-

maviTarebeli gakveTilebiT. amitom igi cnobili iyo

rogorc mowinave maswavlebeli da gamocdili saswav-

lo nawilis gamge. ase axasiaTebdnen mas inspeqtirebis

Sesaxeb wardgenil moxsenebebSi da gaformebul brZa-

nebebSi.

skender maswavlebeli (pirvel rigSi marcxnidanmexuTe) xixaZirel megobrebTan

108

roca xixaZirSi pedagogiuri moRvaweoba daasrula

da samuSaod mSobliur raionSi, qobuleTSi gadavida,

xixaZiris skolis pedkoleqtivma, moswavle axalgazr-

dobam, soflis mosaxleobam didi kmayoflebiT gaaci-

les imis TxovniT, rom kvlav stumreboda xixaZirs. mi-

si wasvliT gamowveuli sinanulis cremlebic ki gaayo-

les qobuleTSi pedagogsa da sayvarel pirovnebas. ai,

ras niSnavs, kacuri kacoba. swored aris naTqvami, kar-

gi qeni qvaze dade, gaire win dagxvdebao. sikeTe adami-

anis simaRliT ki ar izomeba, aramed gakeTebuli saq-

miT, naSrom-najafariT, damsaxurebuli RvawliT. viciT

isic, rom sxva ki ar gamogaCens, Seni saqme gamogavlens.

Cven ki misi yofili moswavleebi, winamdebare wignis

avtorebi, mTeli xeobis mosaxle-obis saxeliT gamovx-

skender bajeliZe (SuaSi)yofil moswavleebTan _

egnate da sergo dumbaZeebTan erTad

109

atavT did madlierebas skender maswavleblis pirov-

nebis mimarT. marTalia, dRes is ar aris Cvens Soris,

ganisvenebs zeciur saqarTveloSi, naTelSi myof mis

suls mivmarTavT _ skender maswav-lebelo, xalxisgan

pativi Sen Tavad daimsaxure Rirseulad, Cven ki gvax-

sovxarT, ar dagiviwyebT, sanam sunTqva SegviZlia!

xixaZirSi misi Svidwliani moRvaweobis Sedegi ga-

nixila skolis pedagogiurma sabWom da saTanado weri-

lobiTi daxasiaTebac ki misca.

`skender xuseinis Ze bajeliZe, dabadebuli 1921

wels, umaRlesi ganaTlebiT, 1952-53 saswavlo wlidan

muSaobda xixaZiris saSualo skolis geografiis maswa-

vleblad. 1954 wlis 20 agvistodan dawinaurebul iqna

xixaZiris saSualo skolis saswavlo nawilis gamged.

movaleobas asrulebda maRali pasuxismgeblobiT,

ibrZoda klasSi saswavlo muSaobis saTanado simaRle-

ze dayenebisaTvis, aris dinji da TavdaWerili amxana-

gi. kargad flobs saswavlo procesis organizacias da

misi marTvis xerxebs.

sargeblobs kargi avtoritetiT.

xixaZiris saSualo skolis direqtori dimitri

xozrevaniZe.

2. 02. 1959 w.~

aseTi maRali RirsebiT datvirTuli da Semkobili

pedagogi tovebs xixaZirs da samuSaod ubrundeba mSob-

liur raions, magram siyvaruli xixaZiris, sxalTis

xeobisa da misi stumarTmoyvare mosaxleobisadmi Tan

gahyva mas sicocxlis bolomde.

110

$7. pedagogiuri moRvaweobis gagrZelebamSobliur raionSi

sakmaod didxans imoRvawa batonma skenderma xixa-

Ziris saSualo skolaSi. gamoCndnen xixaZireli axal-

gazrda specialistebi sxvadasxva saganSi da maT Soris

geografiaSic. amasTan, skender maswavlebeli ojaxidan

mowyvetili iyo. omis mZime wlebgamovlili veterani

sakmao asakSic Sevida. man saWirod CaTvala mSobliur

raionSi gadasvla. gancxadebiT mimarTa amis Taobaze

aWaris ganaTlebis ministrs, baton daviT TebiZes. min-

istrma uyoymanod daakmayofila damsaxurebuli peda-

gogis drouli da savsebiT misaRebi moTxovna da amas

mohyva saTanado brZaneba (#644, 1959 wlis 17 noemberi),

sadac vkiTxulobT:

`bajeliZe skender xuseinis Ze xulos raionis xix-

aZiris saSualo skolis saswavlo nawilis gamge da

geografiis maswavlebeli 1959 wlis 20 oqtombridan

gadayvanil iqnas qobuleTis raionis Caisubnis skola-internatis aRmzrdel-maswavleblad, misi gancxadebis

safuZvelze.

aWaris ganaTlebis ministri d. TebiZe.~

111

ase damkvidrda skender maswavlebeli mSobliur

raionSi, magram guli Tavisi soflisaken miuwevda,

surda ufro axlos yofiliyo sakuTar ojaxTan,

mSoblebTan. magram amjerad es ar moxerxda, cota xniT

mainc. skender maswavlebels aqac Sexvda SesaniSnavi

pedagogiuri koleqtivi, romelsac damsaxurebuli ped-

agogi, saskolo cxovrebis kargi organizatori niaz

yurSubaZe xelmZRvanelobda. mas gverdSi amoudgnen

gamocdili pedagogebi: iveri melaZe, Tina loria, SoTa

vaSaymaZe, amiran erqomaiSvili, givi gogiCaiSvili, qse-

nia yurSubaZe, givi jaSi da sxvebi. aqac bevri niWieri

moswavle eziara skender maswavleblis zrunvasa da

yuradRebas. misi aqauri bejiTi da saamayo moswavleebi

iyvnen: rostom jafariZe _ aWaris yofili prokurori,

aWaris a.r ministrTa sabWos Tavmjdomare, saqarTvelos

parlamentis wevri, Rirsebis ordenosani, rostom gun-

Caisubnis skola-internatis pedagogTa erTi nawili: marcxni-dan _ Suqri onaSvili (skola-internatis TanamSromeli),aslan yurSubaZe, rezo focxiSvili, vaJa (niaz) yurSubaZe

(direqtori), skender bajeliZe

112

TaiSvili _ iuristi, iyo aWaris uzenaesi sabWos pirve-

li mowvevis deputati, iuridiuli komisiis Tavmjdo-

mare, aWaris mTavrobis Tavmjdomaris mrCeveli Tavdac-

visa da uSiSroebis sakiTxebSi, iusticiis sabWos mdi-

vani, baTumis samoqalaqo davaTa arbitraJis Tavmjdo-

mare, bsu-s profesori, pedagogi eTer yurSubaZe _ oq-

ros medalosani. muSaobda maTematikis maswavleblad

Caisubnis skolaSi. Semdeg _ baTumis #1 (amJamad #2)

skolis pedagogia. iyo saswavlo nawilis gamge da di-

reqtoris movaleobis Semsrulebeli.

xixaZirisa da Caisubnis skolebSi 15 wlis peda-

gogiuri moRvaweobis Semdeg, 1967 wlis 10 marts, ga-

formda aWaris ganaTlebis ministris kidev erTi brZa-

neba #209, romelSic vkiTxulobT: `bajeliZe skender

xuseinis Ze, qobuleTis raionis Caisubnis skola-

internatis aRmzrdeli da geografiis maswavlebeli,

1967 wlis 15 martidan gadayvanil iqnas xucubnis saSu-

alo skolis klasgareSe da skolisgareSe aRmzrdelo-

biT muSaobis dargSi organizatorad direqtoris moad-

gilis uflebiT.

safuZveli: qobuleTis raionis ganaTlebis ganyofi-

lebis gamgis 1967 wlis 10 martis #2 10/35 momarTva.

aWaris assr ganaTlebis ministri – v. wulukiZe.~

eTeryurSubaZe

rostomgunTaiSvili

rostom jafariZe

113

roca misi moswavlis erT-erTi mSobeli CaisubanSi

Sexvda skender maswavlebels, man auwya, rom samuSaod

gadavida mSobliur sofelSi. Sewuxebulma mSobelma

guliswuxili ase gamoxata: `Tqven ki moigeT, ojaxs

daubrundiT, magram Cven, moswavleebma da mSoblebma

didad wavageTo~. es sityvebi kargad gamoxatavs sken-

der maswavleblis pirovnebis, rogorc pedagogis,

rols, mis avtoritetsa da damsaxurebas skolaSi.

skender maswavlebelma, xandazmulobis miuxedavad,

xucubnis saSualo skolaSi kidev ufro axali mon-

domebiT, didi pasuxismgeblobiT ganagrZo pedagogiuri

saqmianoba. mas aqac karg pedagogiur koleqtivSi

mouwia muSaoba. skolis direqtori jemal megreliZedidi avtoritetiani, mcodne maswavlebeli, kargi xelm-

ZRvaneli iyo; tite afxazava, klara cincaZe, suleiman

xucubnis saSualo skola.skolis direqtori, aWaris damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli

jemal megreliZe pedkoleqtivTan erTad. 1980 w.

114

megreliZe, aslan qaTamaZe, avTandil zoiZe, ramiz max-

araZe, qsenia CxaiZe da sxvebi erTsulovnebiTa da mxar-

daWeriT xels uwyobdnen skender maswavlebels keTil-

Sobilur saqmianobaSi, Tanac siamovnebiT iziarebdnen

mis mdidar gamocdilebas. xixaZirelebsa da Caisubne-

lebze naklebi siyvaruliTa da pativiscemiT rodi ig-

oneben skender bajeliZis amagsa da Rvawls xucubneli

aRzrdilebi _ roman mowyobili, vaJa beriZe, gia Tama-

zaSili, rostom gunTaiSvili, Tamar baTniZe, eTer bau-

JaZe, vaJa xinikaZe, oTar, levan, vaJa bajeliZeebi da

sxvebi.

batoni skenderi ara marto gamorCeuli pedagogi,

aramed didbunebovani humantisti adamianic iyo. igi

yovelTvis gaWirvebulTa pirveli qomagi da qvelmoq-

medi gaxldaT. bevr Tanasoflels axsovs, albaT, xixa-

ZirSi or obol axalgazrdas batoni skenderis ini-

ciativiT da maswavlebelTa xarjebiT rogor gadaux-

des qorwili, romelic mTeli soflis zeimad gadaiqca.

xucubnis sajaro skola,sadac muSaobda skender bajeliZe

115

nodar kekeliZe

skender maswavleblis pedago-

giuri saqmianoba marto skoliT ro-

di Semoifargleboda. igi yovelTvis

dainteresebuli iyo kursdamTavre-

bulTa Semdgomi bediT, swavliTa

da cxovrebiT. 46 weli gavida xixa-

Ziridan mSobliur raionSi gadasv-

lis Semdeg, magram mas arasdros

gauwyvetia kavSiri am xeobis maswav-

leblebTan, mSoblebTan, yofil

moswavlesTan. igi xixaZirelTa Wir-varamis monawile,

yvelas mrCeveli da qomagi iyo. igi specialurad Camo-

dioda qobuleTidan baTumSi, moisiyvarulebda Tavis

yofil moswavles, sarecelze mijaWvul nodar keke-liZes, anugeSebda, daaimedebda da amiT umsubuqebda mas

gamwarebul sicocxles. didi madloba amisaTvis Tqven,

skender maswavleblo! _ maSin ase mivmarTavdiT no-

daris meuRle qalbatoni surie da Cven, nodaris

Tanaklaselebi.

sagangebod unda aRiniSnos kidev erTi faqti.

mTeli saqarTvelo SeZra 1989 wlis 19 aprils xulos

raionis sofel wablanaSi, CanCurixevis ubanSi, datria-

lebulma tragediam, roca solgomanis gora moskda.

geologebis savaraudo azriT, daaxloebiT erTi mil-

ioni kub. metri miwis masam Caxerga md. sxalTiswylis

kalapoti, amoavso misi marcxena Senakadis, patara yiS-

liswylis xevi, daangria sacxovrebeli saxlebi, dafa-

ra, daasamara am patara xevSi moqmedi xe-tyis saxerxi

qarxana da ramdenime sacxovrebeli saxli. mewyerma

STanTqa 23 adamianis sicocxlec (am tragediis simbo-

lod aRmarTulia memoriali).

116

stiqiis Sedegad daRupulTa memoriali(CanCurixevi, 1989 wlis 19 aprili)

am Semzarav-

ma movlenam SeZ-

ra mTeli sofe-

li, wablana,

sxalTa, xixanis

xeoba, raioni,

aWara, sruliad

saqarTvelo, di-

di Tu patara,

qali Tu kaci,

moxuci Tu ax-

algazrda fexze

dadga.

SemTxvevis adgili moinaxules saqarTvelosa da

aWaris xelmZRvanelebma. wablanas ewvia da daRupulTa

ojaxebs, aWarisa da sruliad saqarTvelos mosaxleo-

bas, momxdari tragediis gamo samZimari uTxra uwmin-

desma da unetaresma, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-

patriarqma ilia meorem. man dazaralebulT moTminebis-

ken, xolo qarTvel ers, saqarTvelos mosaxleobas,

maTTvis daxmarebis xelis gawodebisken mouwoda.

saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis es mowodeba

mTelma saqarTvelom (da ara marto saqarTvelom) gul-

Tan miitana. dazaralebul ojaxebs baTumSi droebiT

TavSesafari miuCines, Semdeg binebSi Seasaxles, gau-

wies saTanado saWiro materialuri daxmareba.

am Semzaravma movlenam aaforiaqa skender maswav-

lebelic. igi meore dResve avtobusiT avida SemTxvevis

adgilas _ CanCurisxevSi, gaigo momxdari ambavi da

isic, rom misi yofili moswavleebi _ yiSlis arasru-

li saSualo skolis direqtori daviT SainiZe, misi bi-

ZaSvili oTar SainiZe, kidev 21 moqalaqesTan erTad,

117

daviT SainiZe oTar SainiZe

mewyers miwaSi Caetana da damwuxrebuli mosaxleoba

daeZebda daRupulebs. skender maswavlebelic maT Seu-

erTda. roca daRupulebi ipoves, maSin genaxaT batoni

skenderis cremlebi da tkivili. amas mxolod didsu-

lovani adamiani gaakeTebda, mxolod skender bajeli-

Zis modgmis kaci moimoqmedebda. kidev meti, is am tra-

gedias specialuri samZimris depeSiTac gamoexmaura,

romelic gazeTSi moTavsda.

`gazeT `sabWoTa aWaris~ redaqcias:

didad SemaZrwuna da damamwuxra im ambavma, rom

stiqiis Sedegad xulos raionis sofel wablanis bevri

mcxovrebi daiRupa.

Cemi mwuxareba miT ufro mwarea, rom am ubedurebas

Seewirnen Cemi yofili moswavleebi _ daviT da oTar

SainiZeebi.

minda Tqveni gazeTis meSveobiT Rrma samZimari ga-

davce daRupulTa ojaxebs, maTs axloblebs da aR-

vuTqva, rom maTTan var.

skender bajeliZe,

118

aWaris assr damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli, didi sa-

mamulo omis monawile, sofeli xucubani~.1

vinc skender bajeliZes erTjer mainc Sexvedria damisi saubari mousmenia, arasdros daaviwydeba igi, misigulis siTbo, keTilSobileba, mokrZalebuloba, maRal-zneobrioba. igi suliT xorcamde sikeTisa da kacurka-cobis gansaxiereba iyo. maRali moqalaqeobrivi Tvise-bebi misi pirovnebis samkauli da humanurobisa da ke-TilSobilebis gamoxatulebas warmoadgenda. amitomdidi siTbo, sikeTe, saxeli da avtoriteti datovayvelgan, sadac ki ucxovria da umoRvawia. misgan ga-cemuli es sikeTe masve ubrundeboda sazogadoebisgananalogiuri sikeTiT.

$8. damsaxurebul pensiaze

sxvadaxva raionSi da araerT skolaSi xangrZlivi,

muxlCauxreli pedagogiuri moRvaweoba saerTod om-

gadaxdili pirovnebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT tyveobaga-

movlili kacisTvis, metad damRleli da damqancvelia.

aseTi mZime wlebis Semdeg energiis dauzogavad Sromam

mxcovani maswavleblis _ skender bajeliZis janmrTe-

lobaze gavlena iqonia. amitom man gancxadebiT mimarTa

skolis direqtors, j. megreliZes, janmrTelobis mdgo-

mareobis gamo, pensiaSi gasvlasTan dakavSirebiT samu-

Saodan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. skolis direqtorma

amasTan dakavSirebiT acnoba qobuleTis raionis ga-

naTlebis ganofilebis gamges, baton levan mesxiZes.

1 gaz. `sabWoTa aWara~, 3 maisi, 1989 w.

119

ganaTlebis raionulma ganyofilebam daakmayofila

damsaxurebuli, Rvawlmosili pedagogis Txovna da 1981

wlis 20 oqtombers dauSva saTanado brZaneba #671, ro-

melSic naTqvamia:

`xucubnis saSualo skolis geografiis maswavlebe-

li skender xuseinis Ze bajeliZe 1981 wlis 8 oqtom-

bridan gaTavisufldes samuSaodan pensiaSi gasvlasTan

dakavSirebiT.

safuZveli: skolis momarTva.

qobuleTis raionis ganaTlebis ganyofilebis gamge

l. mesxiZe~ (maSin brZanebebs ganaTlebis ganyofileba

aformebda).

samuSaodan gaTavisuflebis win skolis direqtor-

ma skender maswavlebels aseTi daxasiaTeba misca:

`skender bajeliZe, dabadebuli 1921 wels, upartio,

Sromis staJi 31 weli, amJamad muSaobs xucubnis sko-

laSi geografiis maswavleblad. kargad flobs sagans

da misi swavlebis meTodebs. icnobs sabunebismetyvelo

dargis sagnebis mecnierul miRwevebs da saWiroebis mi-

xedviT ukavSirebs gakveTilebs. pasuxismgeblobiT eki-

deba, emzadeba da meTodurad gamarTul gakveTilebs

atarebs. iyenebs arsebul TvalsaCinoebebs da teqnikur

saSualebebs. mtkice moTxovnebs uyenebs moswavleebs

davalebis SesrulebaSi, swavlebaSi karg Sedegebs aR-

wevs. muSaobs TavisTavze, exmareba damwyeb maswavleb-

lebs, Tavis gamocdilebas uziarebs maT. aqtiurad mo-

nawileobs skolis cxovrebaSi, keTilsindisierad as-

rulebs davalebebs, ver egueba naklovanebebs. xSirad

sakiTxs ayenebs pedsabWos sxdomebze da ibrZvis maT

aRmosafxvrelad.

avtoritetiT sargeblobs skolis pedkoleqtivSi,

moswavle axalgazrdobaSi da soflis mosaxleobaSi.

120

xucubnis skolis direqtori j. megreliZe.~

cotas davisveneb, mivxedav ojaxs, janmrTelobasac

da SviliSvilebsac moveferebio, _ fiqrobda veterani

pedagogi.

pensia fsiqoligiurad Znelad Sesaguebeli faqto-

ria. adamiani ZiriTad saqmianobas rom wydeba, fiqrobs,

sicocxle mTavrdeba, sikvdili daCqardebao da yovel-

Tvis am ubedurebis burusSi Tu molodinSi uRam-

uTendeba. Tu janmrTelobac Seryeuli aqvs da yurad-

Reba, ojaxuri siTbo aklia, es procesi kidev ufro

mtkivneuli da Znelad asatania.

Zalian moZravi kaci iyo skender bajeliZe, usaqmod

ver Cerdeboda (es moxucebulobis, asakis daavadebaa,

rogorc Cans). gamonaxa gasarTobi, drois mosaklavi,

amave dros janmrTelobisa da ojaxisTvis sasargeblo

saqme. naTqvamia, sibereSi siqaCleo, jer kidev pensiaSi

gasvlamde 1976 wels daamTavra avtoskola, aiRo man-

qanis marTvis mowmoba, iyida msubuqi markis avtomanqana

`moskviCi~ da am `bedauriT~ xSirad stumrobda qaliS-

vilebs, Zmebs, ZmisSvilebs, naTesavebs, megobrebs, yo-

fil moswavleebs. Camodioda baTumSic, saojaxo saq-

meebsac agvarebda da axloblebsa da Sinaurebsac nax-

ulobda.

ase klavda dros. es iyo misi `dasveneba-garToba~.

kidev meti, skender maswavlebeli, rogorc pensioneri,

omisa da Sromis veterani, sargeblobda veteranisaTvis

dawesebuli sagzurebiT da periodulad dadioda ku-

rortebze, isvenebda da ikaJebda janmrTelobas (sagz-

uriT amaragebda misi yofili moswavle givi gabaiZe,

romelic muSaobda socuzrunvelyofis saministroSi).

araerTxel yofila sairmeSi, kislovodskSi, borjomSi,

wyaltuboSi, sadac bevri megobari gaiCina, maTTan gad-

121

kurort `sairmeSi~marcxnidan: iveri melaZe,

skender bajeliZe

aRebuli samaxsovro su-raTebi alamazeben mis saojaxo

alboms da inaxavs maT megobrobas. kurort `sairmeSi~igi isvenebda Tavis megobar-kolegasTan, aRiarebul

pedagogTan, cnobil filologTan da samSoblos erT-

gul pirovnebasTan, baton iveri melaZesTan erTad.

isini imdenad afasebdnen da uyvardaT erTmaneTi, rom

skender maswavlebeli, baTumSi Camosuli, baton iveris

unaxavi ukan ar brundeboda. maTi es damokidebuleba

iveri melaZem gadmosca skender bajeliZis dabadebidan

75-e wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil saRamoze misasalmebel

werilSi, romelic moTavsebulia am wignis momdevno

ganyofilebaSi.

aseT Tbil ojaxur da

megobrul garemoSi uxde-

boda cxovreba pensiaSi

gasvlis Semdeg skender ba-

jeliZes. mets ras inatreb-

da omis mZime wlebis Sem-

deg mSvidobiani cxovrebiT

dalxinebuli, nayofieri pe-

dagogiuri moRvaweobiT

xeldamSvenebuli, pensiaSi

gasvliT TiTqos ramdenadme

SromaSemsubuqebuli adami-

ani. xarobda ojaxis mama da

dedmamiSvilobaSi ufrosi

Zma skender maswavlvbeli

Tavisi gavlili Sinaarsiani

cxovrebis gziT. pensiaSi

gasvlis Semdeg igi drois

did nawils ojaxSi, megobrebTan, da-ZmebTan atarebda.

amiT ivsebda im `sicarieles~, rac gamowveuli iyo

122

faSizmis winaaRmdeg brZolis periodSi, Semdeg stu-

dentobisa Tu Soreul raionSi pedagogiuri moRvaweo-

bis wlebSi, ojaxisagan Sors yofniT.

rogorc zemoT iTqva, skenderi dedmamiSvilebs So-

ris ufrosi iyo. mis Semdeg xusein da meriem bajeli-

Zeebis ojaxSi gaCndnen vladimeri, Suqri, zia, faTuSada qeskini. rogorc zemoT iTqva, samwuxarod, zia da

faTuSa adreul asakSi gardaicvalnen. maT ojaxebi ar

SeuqmniaT. darCenili Zmebi gaizardnen, Sesaferisad

iswavles da ojaxSi Tu cxovrebaSi daikaves kuTvnili

adgilebi.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, vladimerma miiRo umaR-

lesi agronomiuli ganaTleba, wlebis ganmavlobaSi

xelmZRvanelobda sofel xucubans, romelic milion-

eri kolmeurneoba gaxda.

is, rogorc soflis gamorCeuli Tavkaci, sakavSiro

umaRlesi sabWos ramdenime mowvevis deputati gaxldaT.

ufros Zmas skenders Tu ordenebi hqonda faSizmis wi-

naaRmdeg omSi monawileobisa da Tavdadebuli brZoli-

saTvis, baton vladimeris gulmkerds Sromis frontze

miRweuli warmatebebisaTvis miniWebuli ordenebi da

medlebi amSvenebda (mis Sesaxeb vrclad iTqva zemoT).

skenderis Semdegi Zmaa Suqri, teqnikis moyvaruli.

saSualo skolis damTavrebis Semdeg daeufla meqaniza-

toris specialobas, kolmeurneobis daSlamde muSaob-

da sofelSi, Cais fabrikebSi. Suqris meuRlea ania ar-

Sevskaia. maT hyavT ori Svili: malxazi da tarieli.

isini agrZeleben mamis saqmes da emsaxurebian, Tavs ev-

lebian dedas.

123

skenderis umcrosi Zmaa qeskini. man skola daamTav-

ra, muSaobda kolmeureobaSi, imsaxura jarSi, sazenito

artileriaSi, aqve daeufla mZRolis specialobas. ja-

ris Semdeg kolmeurneobis daSlamde muSaobda Cais

sakref kombainze meqanizatorad. misi meuRlea qal-

batoni nino, saxelovani meCaie, arCeuli iyo sakavSiro

umaRlesi sabWos bolo mowvevis deputatad. maT sam-

Soblos misces sami Svili: kaxa, qeTino, mirza. sam-

wuxarod, kaxam naadrevad gamoicvala samyaro _ saaqao

saaqaod, qeTino sofel kondidSi gaTxovda, meuRle _

gia SaqariSvili. hyavT ori Svili: levani da nini. mir-

za ki emsaxureba mSoblebs da agrZelebs bajeliZeTa

tradiciebs.

Zmebi Suqri da skender bajeliZeebikievi, 1951 wlis 4 ivlisi

124

qeskini amJamad xusein bajeliZis fuZe ojaxSi yve-

laze uxucesia, aris pensioneri, agrZelebs mamis tra-

diciebs, icavs gvaris Rirsebas, mrCevlad Tu damri-

geblad saTaveSi udgas Svilebs, Zmebis Svilebs, Svili-

Svilebs, erToba saojaxo saqmeebiT da patarebze

zrunviT, xarobs maTze cqeriT, uyveba winaparTa Rir-

seul tradiciebze da mouwodebs maT, daicvan, gaamrav-

lon da saxelovnad gaagrZelon saqmeni maTi sagmironi,

kargi swavliT, SromiT, sulieri siwmindiT da zneo-

brivi sispetakiT bajeliZeTa darad Rirseuli adgili

daimkvidron sofelSi, raionSi, sazogadoebaSi, qveyana-

Si, cxovrebaSi.

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdgom,

2014 wlamde, sofel xucubans Tavkacobda skender

maswavleblis momdevno Zmis, vladimeris Svili _ zu-rab bajeliZe. igi zrunavda da zrunavs soflis keTil-

mowyobisa da mosaxleobis keTildReobisTvis.

qeskin bajeliZe meuRle ninosTan erTad

125

qeskini (ukana rigSi SuaSi)da zurabi (marjvniv)

ojaxebis wevrebTan erTad

mamis msgavsad, igi kar-

gi kacia, tkbilmoubari,

yuradRebiani, maRali kul-

turis, adamianis damfase-

beli, TanamSromlebTan

taqtiani, Tbili, maTze

mzurnveli, mrCeveli da

damrigebeli, samsaxureo-

brivi movaleobisa da min-

dobili saqmisadmi maRali

pasuxismgebeli. zurabi mo-

qalaqeobrivi TvisebebiT,

garegnobiT, xmis tembriT,

metyvelebis maRali kul-

turiT, diqciiT, mokrZa-

lebiT, ubraloebiT, zomi-

erebiT, stumarmaspinZlo-

bis surviliTa da unariT

mamis oreulia. vinc mis mamas icnobda da baton zura-

bis saubars moismens, pirvelive wuTebidan Tvalwin

zurab bajeliZe da wignis avtori sergo dumbaZe

126

Svilis saxiT mamis silueti warmoudgeba. xalxuri

naTqvamia, kargi deda Svils mamas daamsgavsebso.

RmerTma acxonos ded-mama, RmerTma daicvas Svili

zurabi, romelic kacurkacobiT agrZelebs mSoblebis,

gvaris, soflis Rirseul tradiciebs, aferum, aseT

Svils yvela ojaxSi.

aRsaniSnavia zurab bajeli-

Zis Tanadgoma winamdebare wignis

masalebis Segroveba-momzadebaSi.

batoni zurabi dawinaurda.

amJamad qobuleTis municipal-

itetis axlad Seqmnil ganyofi-

lebaSi soflis ganviTarebis sam-

saxuris ufrosia, erTgulad da

gulmodgined emsaxureba mindo-

bil saqmes.

zurabi ara marto saxelovani

mamis Svili, misi saqmis Rirseu-

li gamgrZelebelia, aramed Sesa-

niSnavi ojaxis patronicaa. misi

meuRlea qalbatoni maia melaZe,qoreografis, aWaris kulturis damsaxurebuli moRvaw-

is Tofan (Teimuraz) melaZis Svilia, muSaobda qobule-

Tis raionul arqivSi. amJamad aWaris centralur sax-

elmwifo arqivSi agrZelebs saqmianobas. maT gazardes

sami vaJkaci. yvelam miiRo umaRlesi ganaTleba: arCili

ekonomistia, misdevs bizness, giorgi inJineria, muSaobs

Sps `gza~-Si, imeda mezRvauris specialobis dauflebis

Semdeg curavs Soreuli naosnobis sistemaSi. baton

vladimer bajeliZis STamomavloba Rirseulad agrZe-

lebs ojaxisa da gvaris tradiciebs.

Tofan (Teimuraz)melaZe

aWaris kulturisdamsaxurebuli

moRvawe

127

baton zurabs hyavs Zma, genadi, inJiner-mSenebeli,

muSaobs qobuleTis infrastruqturaSi. misi meuRle _

qalbatoni xaTuna diasaxlisia, hyavT ori Svili _

giorgi da nino.

skender maswavlebeli xarobda, amayobda ara marto

sakuTari ojaxiTa da mravalricxovani, sisxliT naTe-

sauri wriT, aramed damoyvrebiT danaTesavebuli gare-

moebiTac.

sami qaliSvilis mamas, baton skenders sam ojaxTan

hqonda moyvroba. ai, isinic: sofel qobuleTidan dam-

saxurebuli pirovneba memed basiliZe (meuRle surieinaiSvili), q. qobuleTidan axmed nakaiZe (meuRle suriececxlaZe) da q. baTumidan akaki evgeniZe (meuRle qeToWanturiSvili). maTTan hqonda kargi urTierToba, mis-

vla-mosvla, stumroba da maspinZloba. roca moyvrebze

Camovardeboda saubari, batoni skenderi xSirad imarj-

genadi bajeliZe meuRlesTan _ xaTunasTan daSvilebTan _ ninosTan da giorgisTan erTad

128

skenderis ufrosi qaliSvili JuJuna SvilTan uCasTanda meuRlesTan _ nodar basiliZesTan erTad

vebda da imeorebda didi qarTveli mgosnis, xmawkriala

poetis _ akaki wereTlis sityvebs:

`WirSic da lxinSicsaWiroa moyvare,rom Sens gulSi nadebimasac gauziaro~-o.

skender bajeliZis rZlebi _marexi, nino da maia

129

skenderis SviliSvili inga basiliZe-surmaniZisameuRlesTan fridon surmaniZesTan da SvilTan

TornikesTan erTad

skender bajeliZis Svilebidan ufrosma qaliSvil-

ma JuJunam gaaxara memed basiliZis ojaxi. man xeli

misca nodar basiliZes. igi Sesaxedavad momxiblavi,

darbaiseli, stumarTmoyvare, megobruli, Tanamdgomi,

gamgebiani pirovnebaa. JuJunam da nodarma sami Svili

gauzardes samSoblos - irma, inga da uCa. ingam ojaxi

Seqmna profesor ramaz surmaniZis vaJiSvilTan, fri-

donTan. gauCndaT Svili Tornike. maT miiRes ded-mamis

tituli, xolo batoni skenderi gaxda didi babua. igi

Zalian amayobda baton ramaz surmaniZis moyvrobiTa da

ingas ojaxiT. SemTxveviTi ar iyo isic, rom skender

maswavleblisadmi miZRvnil yovel RonisZiebas eswre-

boda batoni ramazi da Tbili sityvebiTac miesal-

meboda mas. grZeldeboda bednieri moyvroba... sam-

wuxarod, fridons ukurnebeli seni Seeyara. sad ar

hyavdaT, riT ar umkurnales, rogorc ityvian, qva wam-

lad aqcies, magram veraferma uSvela. ojaxs ubedureba

daatyda Tavs. 45 wlis, warmatebuli da perspeqtiuli

130

axalgazrda kaci, 2011 wlis 28 oqtombers, xangrZlivi

da mZime avadmyofobis Semdeg, gardaicvala. dasaflave-

bulia q. baTumSi, feriis sasaflaoze. fridonis gar-

dacvalebam bevri daamwuxra. am tragediam ZaZebi Caacva

dedas, qalbatonNnazis, uRlis calad datova meuRle

inga, oblad _ Svili Tornike, daamwuxra agreTve mama,

moyvrebi, naTesaoba, axloblebi, megobrebi, kolegebi.

cxovrebas Tavisi wesebi aqvs, uZluri varT mis winaSe.

dagvrCenia erTi ram _ moTmineba da janmrTeloba vu-

survoT qalbaton ingas, Svilis _ Tornikes kargad

aRzrdiTa da cxovrebaSi karg gzaze dayenebiT Tava-

dac gaexarebinos ojaxi, gvari da fridonis sulic,

axloblebi, naTesavebi. ingas ufrosi da _ irma kargi

vaJkacisa da SesaniSnavi ojaxisSvilis, jambul sur-

maniZis meuRlea. hyavT vaJi _ amirani. daojaxebulia

JuJunasa da nodaris vaJiSvili _ uCac, hyavs meuRle _

nato da Svili nikolozi. swored maTTan saubriT, Svi-

liSvilebis mosiyvarulebiTa da alersiT imsubuqeben

bebia da babua (es Tu SesaZlebelia) TavianT mwuxare-

bas.

batoni skenderis meore qaliSvilia eTeri. ufrosi

dis, JuJunas msgavsad, man daamTavra samedicino teq-

nikumi da muSaobda meddis specialobiT qobuleTis sa-

natoriumSi `saqarTvelo~.

eTeri cnobili gvaris nakaiZeebis rZali gaxda. man

Seqmna ojaxi rostom axmedis Ze nakaiZesTan, romelic

aWaris ganaTlebis yofili ministris, baTumis SoTa

rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo pedagogiuri in-

stitutis yofili proreqtoris, irakli nakaiZis naTe-

savia. gazardes ori Svili: sulxani da jimSeri. xa-

robda ojaxi da cxovrobda momavlis rwmeniT.

131

skenderis SviliSvili irma basiliZe meuRlesTan _ jambulsurmaniZesTan da vaJiSvilTan _ amiranTan erTad

skenderis qaliSvili eTer bajeliZe-nakaiZisa,SvilebTan _ sulxanTan, jimSerTan da SviliSvilTan erTad

132

samwuxarod, eTers bolomde ar gaumarTla cxov-

rebam. 1996 wlis 12 dekembers gardaecvala meuRle

rostomi da erTaderT imedad Svilebi darCnen.

liana skender bajeliZis nabolara Svilia. man, de-

bisgan gansxvavebiT, sxva gza airCia. 1986 wels daamTav-

ra saqarTvelos politeqnikuri institutis (amJamad

teqnikuri universiteti) qimiis fakulteti. erTxans mu-

Saobda aWaris ganaTlebis saministrosTan arsebul

baTumis maswavlebelTa daxelovnebis institutSi qimi-

is meToduri kabinetis meTodistad.

liana colad gahyva baTumel nodar akakis Ze evge-niZes, Seqmnes kargi ojaxi. jerjerobiT hyavT erTi Svi-li – giorgi.

pensioneri maswavlebeli am did ojaxur garemoSi,

axlo naTesavebSi, moyvareebSi, kolegebTan, megobrobis

skenderis qaliSvilis lianas da nodar evgeniZisqorwili

skenderis qaliSvili liana bajeliZe da siZe nodarevgeniZe, SvilTan, giorgisTan erTad

133

rangSi ayvanil yofil moswavleebTan SexvedrebiT

`iklavda~ dros. yovelTvis grZnobda maTgan siTbos,

yuradRebas, mokrZalebas, erTgulebas, uziarebda maT

Tavis gamocdilebas, mouTxrobda ganvlili wlebis av-

kargze; iyo optimisti, yovelTvis swamda ukeTesi mo-

mavlis. kargi Svilebi ar izrdebian kargi garemosa da

Rirseuli tradiciebis gareSe. xusein da meriem ba-

jeliZeebis erTgulebiT, winaparTa dafasebiT, moyvre-

bisadmi yuradRebianobiT gamorCeul ojaxSi Svilebic

Rirseulni gaizardnen. isini kargi saxeliT sargeb-

lobdnen yvelgan, sadac umsaxuriaT.

ase grZeldeboda bajeliZeTa tradiciuli ojaxisa

da skender maswavleblis cxovreba...

Tumca iyo usiamovno moulodnelobebic. skender

bajeliZes orjer operacia dasWirda, magram meuRlis,

qalbaton durikos yuradRebiT, Svilebis (JuJunas,

eTeris, lianas), siZeebis (nodar basiliZis, rostom

nakaiZis, nodar evgeniZis), Zmebis (vladimeris, qeskinis),

SviliSvilebis (irmas, ingas, uCas, sulxanis, jimSeris),

naTesav-axloblebis mzrunvelobiT, gamovida mdgoma-

134

reobidan. uxaroda, _ awi ra minda, viqnebi kargado.

Sevxedav ojaxs, moveferebi Svilebs, SviliSvilebs, ba-

buas meti ra sWirdeba amqveynado, _ imeorebda xolme.

naTqvamia, kaci bWobda, RmerTi icinodao... 1986

wels gardaecvala uZvirfasesi pirovneba, silamaziT,

saTnoebiT da momxibvlelobiT gamorCeuli qalbatoni

duriko _ erTguli meuRle da sulieri megobari.

uRliscalad darCa skender maswavlebeli... naTqva-

mia, Tavs zemoT Zala ar ariso, unda Seeguos adamiani,

Tundac aseT umZimes mdgomareobas. skender maswavlebe-

lic `egueboda~ Tavis beds, Tavs damtydar ubedurebas.

marTalia, uyuradRebod arasdros darCenila _ Svile-

bi, SviliSvilebi, Zmebi, maTi ojaxebi, naTesavebi, moyv-

rebi, mezoblebi Tavs evlebodnen, gverdidan ar Sor-

debodnen, martod ar tovebdnen, mdgomareoba Sevumsu-

buqoTo, magram aseTi mdgomareba skender bajeliZis-

Tana moridebuli kacisaTvis mZime gadasatania, Znelad

Sesaguebeli.. es enauTqmeli kaci maSinac Zalian wuxda,

roca Tavisi mdgomareobiT sxvebs awuxebda, Tundac

Svilebs.

$ 9. Rvawli daufasda

miuxedavad didi gvariSvilobisa, mravalricxovani

naTesavebisa, moyvrebisa, axlobel-mezoblebisa da maT

mier Seqmnili Tbili garemosi, meuRlis gardacvale-

biT gamowveul sulier tkivils veraferi cvlida. amas

amCnevdnen ara marto Sinaurebi, aramed Cvenc, misi

yofili moswavleebi. amitom misma aRzrdilebma, xixa-

Ziris saSualo skoladamTavrebulebma, amagdari mas-

wavleblis dabadebidan 75-e wlisTavis sazeimod aR-

135

niSvna gadavwyviteT. amiT gvsurda amagi dagvefasebina

da momavali TaobebisaTvis gveCvenebina misi damsax-

ureba da isic, rom, visac surs amqveynad saxeli dato-

vos, unda akeTos sikeTe, Tesos siyvaruli da siTbo,

rasac samagaliTod asrulebda Cveni skender maswavle-

beli. garda amisa, Cveni mizani iyo am formiT Segvem-

subuqebina misTvis cxovrebiT miyenebuli tkivili,

Rvawlis dafasebiT gagvexarebina, gagvexalisebina misi

sicocxle. am mizniT sainiciativo jgufma Seagrova

sxvadasxva dros mis Sesaxeb gamoqyvenebuli masalebi,

mogonebebi, iubilaris cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis

amsaxveli fotosuraTebi, videomasala da moewyo sain-

tereso gamofena, romelsac amSvenebda aleqsandre be-

gaSvilis lamazi striqonebi:`maswavlebeli mzea pirbadri,irgvliv bavSvebi varskvlavebia,sulis siwminde, gulis simdidresul maswavleblis naswavlebia~.

1996 wlis 6 dekembers, aWaris ganaTlebisa da kul-

turis axlad daarsebuli muzeumis darbazSi Seikrib-

nen skender bajeliZis Tanaklaselebi, Tanakurselebi,

omisdroindeli TanamebrZolebi, kolegebi, misi aRzr-

dilebi.

daniSnul droze darbazi Seivso mowveuli stum-

rebiT. RonisZiebis mesveurebma, saorganzacio jgufis

wevrebma, daikaves adgilebi prezidiumSi, iubilari ki

specialurad gamzadebul da TvalsaCinod dadgmul sa-

varZelSi dabrZanda.

darbazs, sadac RonisZieba gaimarTa, amSvenebda

kargad gaformebuli lozungi aseTi teqstiT: `sayva-relo skender maswavleblo, mxurvaled mogesalmebiTda guliTadad gilocavT dabadebidan 75-e wlisTavs!~

136

skender bajeliZis saiubileo saRamoze.marcxnidan: nikoloz dumbaZe, vladimer bajeliZe (skenderis

Zma), amiran mamulaZe, iubilari skender bajeliZe, misimoswavleebi _ lamara jaiani-dumbaZisa, misi meuRle sergo

dumbaZe, SviliSvili nino da egnate dumbaZe

skender bajeliZis dabadebidan 75 wlisTavis saiubileoSexvedraze. suraTze: iubilaris kolegebi, axloblebi da

aRzrdilebi (baTumi, 1996 wlis 6 dekemberi)

137

yofilma moswavleebma _ lamara jaianma, egnate

dumbaZem, aleqsandre mamulaZem, yofili kolegis, ukve

gardacvlili aslan xaxutaiSvilis meuRlem, pedagogma

vardo xabaZem, Svilebma, SviliSvilebma, megobrebma iu-

bilars miarTves Taigulebi, masTan erTad gadaiRes

samaxsovro suraTebi.

saiubileo saRamo Sesavali sityviT gaxsna aWaris

maswavlebelTa daxelovnebis institutis direqtorma

arCil iSxneliZem.

SekrebilTa winaSe saintereso moxsenebiT warsdga

xixaZiris saSualo skolis kursdamTavrebuli, oqros

medalosani, imJamad aWaris mrewvelobis departamentis

ganyofilebis ufrosi nikoloz dumbaZe. man SekrebilT

gaacno iubilaris biografia, misi cxovrebis, brZoli-

sa da Sromis saintereso epizodebi.

marcxnidan: oTar bajeliZe (biZaSvili), vladimerbajeliZe (Zma), skender bajeliZe, ramaz surmaniZe

(moyvare), nodar basiliZe (siZe), jambul surmaniZe (siZe)

138

iubilars gulTbilad miesalmnen: aWaris avtonomi-

uri respublikis ganaTlebis saministros ganyofile-

bis ufrosi nodar qaTamaZe, romelmac iubilars ga-

dasca samaxsovro sigeli; aWaris kulturis ministri

Teimuraz komaxiZe; aWaris damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli

iveri melaZe; iubilaris yofili moswavle, xixaZiris

saSualo skoladamTavrebuli, pirveli oqros mdalo-

sani, imJamad aWaris samuzeumo gaerTianebis direqtori,

nodar cecxlaZe; qobuleTis raionis xucubnis saSu-

alo skolis direqtori, manana abaSiZe; baTumis respu-

blikuri saavadmyofos kardiologiuri ganyofilebis

gamge, medicinis mecnierebaTa kandidati, yofili mos-

wavle da iubilaris mkurnali eqimi, amiran jaiani; q.

baTumis prokuroris moadgile, iuridiul mecnierebaTa

kanditati vano gabaiZe, romelmac, misasalmebeli sity-

vis Semdeg, iubilarisadmi miZRvnili sakuTari leqsi

waikiTxa; saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli,

aWaris ganaTlebis yofili ministri, vaxtang wulukiZe;baTumis kooperaciuli vaWrobis direqtori (yofili

skender bajeliZe kolegebTan erTad

139

moswavle), amiran mamulaZe; aWaris avtonomiuri respu-

blikis socialuri dacvis, Sromisa da dasaqmebis min-

istris pirveli moadgile, daviT mamulaZis saqvel-

moqmedo sazogadoeba `moamage~-s vice-prezidenti vla-dimer mamulaZe, romelmac iubilars gadasca samaxsov-

ro adresi; iubilaris yofili moswavlis, nodar keke-

liZis meuRle surie wulukiZe; xulos raionis sofel

vernebis saSualo skolis direqtori (yofili mos-

wavle) rezo surmaniZe; pensioneri, iubilaris Zma, ssr

kavSiris umaRlesi sabWos yofili deputati, mravali

ordenisa da medlis kavaleri, xucubnis aRiarebuli

Tavkaci vladimer bajeliZe; iubilaris yofili mos-

wavle, imxanad baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis

saxelmwifo universitetis kaTedris gamge, docenti,

amJamad istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori

sergo dumbaZe, romelmac aRmzrdel-maswavlebels aCuqa

sakuTari wigni `waruSleli furceli~ (baTumis peda-

gogiuri instituti omis wlebSi), sadac, sxva Taname-

mamuleebTan erTad, gadmocemulia skender bajeliZis

sabrZolo epizodebi.

bolos amaRelvebeli sityva warmoTqva iubilarma,

batonma skender bajelZem. man madloba gadauxada

SekrebilT, iubiles mowyobis iniciator-organizato-

rebs. `TviTonac mwamda, axla kidev erTxel davrwundi,

rom maswavleblobaze didi araferi ar arsebobs. ada-

mianis suls ayalibebs pedagogi. ra SesaniSnavad brZa-

na poetma ioseb noneSvilma: `qveynad beladic ara yo-

fila, maswavlebeli rom ara hyoloda.~ ramdeni Ses-

aniSnavi adamianis CamoyalibebaSi midevs wili. amaze

meti simdidre arc arsebobs, albaT, qveynad. kidev

140

erTxel madloba yvelafrisTvis~, _ ase daamTavra

saTqmeli iubilarma veteranma.1

sazeimo ganwyobas kidev ufro met elfers aZlevda

maswavleblisadmi miZRvnili leqsebi, romelsac kiTx-

ulobdnen moswavleebi, gzadagza sruldeboda kargad

momzadebuli da moxdenilad CarTuli mxatvruli nom-

rebi.

iubilari daloces, madloba uTxres, janmrTeloba

da xangrZlivi sicocxle usurves da kvlav moefernen

mis saxelze gaSlil sufrasTan, romelsac usxdnen:

skender bajeliZe (iubilari), nikoloz dumbaZe (Ta-

mada), nadia jibuti, (iubilaris leqtori), vladimer

bajeliZe (iubilaris Zma), arCil takiZe (politologi),

akaki surmaniZe (daxelovnebis institutis direqtoris

moadgile), SoTa bolqvaZe (Txilvanis saSualo skolis

direqtori), vaxtang wulukiZe (ganaTlebis yofili min-

istri), ramaz surmaniZe (iubilaris moyvare, profeso-

ri), manana abaSiZe (xucubnis saSualo skolis direqto-

ri), ciskara kaikaciSvili (xucubnis saSualo skolis

maswavlebeli), arCil iSxneliZe (daxelovnebis insti-

tutis direqtori, kolega), zurab komaxiZe (iubilaris

Tanakurseli), anzor cecxlaZe (aWaris statistikis

sammarTvelos ufrosi), nodar basiliZe (iubilaris

ufrosi siZe), iveri melaZe (iubilaris uaxloesi mego-

bari, kolega), givi xarabaZe (mrewvelobis saministros

TanamSromeli), sergo jaiani (iubilaris kolega, misi

pirveli maspinZeli xixaZirSi), Temur gogmaCaZe (iu-

bilaris Tanasofleli, biologiis mecnierebaTa doq-

tori, profesori), oTar bajeliZe (iubilaris biZaSvi-

li), Saqro falavandiSvili (bsu geografiis kaTedris

gamge, profesori), Tamaz xozrevaniZe (skolis direqto-

1 gaz. `aWara~, 14 inavari, 1997 w. gv. 2.

141

ris _ dimitri xozrevaniZis Svili), Temur xozrevaniZe

(yofili moswavlis _ xuseinis Svili), besarion gabaiZe

(yofili kolegis _ levanis Svili), nodar cecxlaZe,

givi gabaiZe, levan gabaiZe, amiran gabaiZe, beso gabaiZe,

vano gabaiZe, akaki gabaiZe, akaki surmaniZe, egnate dum-

baZe, levan surmaniZe (stomatologi), amiran mamulaZe,

lamara jaiani, sergo dumbaZe, vladimer xalvaSi (yo-

fili moswavleebi xixaZiris saSualo skolidan).

saiubileo misaloci sufra didxans gagrZelda,

dailia iubilaris, mis mier ganvlili gzis, samSoblo-

saqarTvelos sadidebeli, mSoblebis, maswavleblebis,

megobrebis, siyvarulis, kacurkacobis, maswavlebl-mos-

wavleTa urTierTobis sadRegrZeloebi. paralelurad,

gzadagza ismoda erovnul-patriotuli simRerebi, imar-

Teboda cekvebi, oxunjobani. sufra gvianobamde gagr-

Zelda da didi kmayofilebiT dasrulda. gamxiarule-

buli iubilari da dafasebuli maswavlebeli xvevna-fe-

rebiT binamde gavacileT, Semdeg erTmaneTs davemSvi-

dobeT da yvelani gaveSureT saxlebisken. sazeimo Ro-

nisZieba, misi damamSvenebeli da damagvirgvinebeli sa-

Ramo-vaxSami saintereso da dauviwyar dRed iqca, rac

maswavlebel-moswavleTa urTierTobaSi STambeWdav da

istoriul furclad darCeba TiToeuli maTganis xsov-

naSi.

mkiTxvels vTxovT, es wigni damsaxurebul aRmzr-

del-maswavlebelze ar CaTvalos moswavleTa mier mas-

wavleblis ubralo qebad. batoni skenderi namdvilad

imsaxurebda amgvar damokidebulebas, saiubileo saR-

amoze gamomsvlelTa kontingenti, didi paTosiTa da

siyvaruliT savse misalmebebi, misi amagis damfaseb-

lebiT gaWedili darbazi aSkarad metyvelebda iu-

bilaris maRal Rirsebasa da damsaxurebaze.

142

aWaris assr umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis 1973

wlis 11 ianvris brZanebulebiT, skender xuseinis Ze

bajeliZes xangrZlivi da nayofieri moRvaweobisaTvis

mieniWa aWaris assr skolis damsaxurebuli maswavleb-

lis sapatio wodeba, xolo dabadebidan 75-e wlisTav-

Tan dakavSirebiT, aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis uz-

enaesma sabWom igi sapatio sigeliT daajildova. ai

isic:

`aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis uzenaesi sabWos

prezidiumisb r Z a n e b u l e b a

s. x. bajeliZis aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis uze-

naesi sabWos sapatio sigeliT dajildoebis Sesaxeb.

aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis uzenaesi sabWosprezidiumi adgens:

saxalxo ganaTlebis dargSi xangrZlivi da nayofieri

moRvaweobisaTvis, dabadebidan 75-e wlisTavTan da-kavSirebiT, pensioneri, aWaris damsaxurebuli

maswavlebeli

skender xuseinis Ze bajeliZedajildovdes aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis

uzenaesi sabWos sapatio sigeliT.

aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis uzenaesi sabWos

Tavmjdomare a. abaSiZe.q. baTumi, 1997 wlis 27 maisi~.

omis veteran skender bajeliZes yuradReba ar mok-

lebia faSizmze gamarjvebis saiubileo dReebSi, ker-

Zod, 30-e, 50-e, me-60 wlisTavebis sazeimo dReebSi is

daajildoves saiubileo medlebiT, samgzis (1971, 1973,

1975 ww.) arCeuli iyo qobuleTis raionis xucubnis sa-

soflo sabWos deputatad. xalxis rCeuli iyo, uyvar-

daT da afasebdnen mas patiosani, samarTliani da saq-

143

miani Tvisebebis gamo. Tavad xalxis siyvaruli yvelaze

did jildod miaCnda.

istoriaSi cnobili pirovnebis napoleon bona-

partis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, xelisuflebis, sardlis

Tu ubralo meTaurisagan miRebuli jildo misi mate-

rialuri SinaarsiT ki ar izomeba, aramed is gamox-

atavs sxvadasxva doneze xelisufalis, xelmZRvanelis

Tu meTauris yuradRebas da Seni Rvawlis dafaseba-

aRiarebas oficialurad. vfiqrobT, gamgebisaTvis ko-

mentari zedmeti iqneba!

skender bajeliZis daxasiaTeba mocemulia aWaris

avtonomiuri respublikis ganaTlebis saministros ko-

legiis masalebSi, ministris brZanebebSi, xulosa da

qobuleTis raionebis ganaTlebis ganyofilebebis sab-

Woebis sxdomebis masalebsa da gamgeebis brZanebebSi,

masze saubaria araerT gamocemul wignSi.1 arafers vam-

1 d. xozrevaniZe, skola mTaSi, baTumi, 1958; s. dumbaZe, aWarisavtonomiuri respublika meore msoflio omis periodSi (1939-1945ww), baTumi, 2005; n. dumbaZe, s. dumbaZe, xixaneli xevisberi, Tb.,2006; s. dumbaZe, saxelovani xixaneli, Tb., 2008; i. xalvaSi, skolaxixanis ZirSi, baTumi, 2006.

saxalxo deputatis mowmoba

144

amiran jaianieqimi, kardiologi

medicinis mecnierebaTakandidati

bobT sagazeTo werilebze, romelSic asaxulia

skender bejeliZis Rvawli.

yovelive es, Cveni azriT, aris Rvawlmosili peda-

gogis, aWaris damsaxurebuli maswavleblis, omisa da

Sromis veteranis saxelisa da saqmis ukvdavyofa, misi

xelTuqmneli Zegli.

aWaris amagdari maswavleblis, batoni skender ba-

jeliZis Rvawli da pedagogiuri moRvaweobis mokle

anonsi mocemulia maswavlebelTa daxelovnebis insti-

tutis da sazogadoeba `moamagis~ gamgeobis mier mom-

zadebul adresebSi, romelic warmodgenilia winamdeba-

re wignis meoTxe ganyofilebaSi.

$ 10. ukanaskneli Sexvedraveteran maswavlebelTan

pensiaSi gasvlis Semdeg

skender maswavlebeli xSirad

Camodioda q. baTumSi Tavisi qa-

liSvilis _ JuJunas ojaxSi.

drois did nawils aq ata-

rebda. amasTan, periodulad

dadioda konsultaciebze medi-

cinis mecnierebaTa kandidat-

Tan, amiran jaianTan, respu-

blikuri saavadmyofos kar-

diologiur ganyofilebaSi.

eqimi misi moswavle iyo xixa-

Ziris saSualo skolaSi. ami-

145

omisa da Sromisveterani

skender bajeliZe

rans uyvarda Tavisi aRmzrdeli maswavlebeli da did

pativs scemda mas. igi zrunavda maswavleblis janmrTe-

lobaze ara marto Tavisi konsultaciebiTa da medi-

kamentebiT, aramed eniTac, tkbili sityviTa da yurad-

RebiT.

Cven, misi moswavleebi, sis-

tematiurad vurekavdiT siZis _

nodar basiliZis binaSi tele-fonze, movikiTxavdiT maswav-

leblis janmrTelobis mdgoma-

reobas, zogjer ki vakiTxavdiT

piradadac. CvenTan saubari

mxneobas matebda. imxanad Tva-

lis operacia gaikeTa da mxed-veloba droebiT daqveiTebuli

hqonda, ver gvcnobda, gvarCevda

xmiT. madlobas gvetyoda da

davemSvidobebodiT. bevrjer qa-liSvili da siZe dagvidgamdnen

magidaze sasmels, daloceT

maswavlebelio, _ gvetyodnen. ise Tbilad, tkbilad da

taqtianad, rom uaris Tqma mogerideboda, maswavlebeli

ki uxerxulobis mosaxsnelad dagvavalebda. ras

vizamdiT, davemorCilebodiT, SeveqceodiT warsulze,

omze, qveyanaze, skolaze saubriT. bolos, keTili sur-vilebiT davemSvidobebodiT da wavidodiT.

skender maswavlebels arc eqimebis, arc Svilebis,

siZeebis Tu SviliSvilebis, naTesavebis Tu moyvrebis

yuradReba ar aklda. TandaTanobiT janmrTeloba gau-

umjobesda, mxedveloba moemata, fexzec wamodga, magram

quCaSi martod gamosvlas Tavs aridebda, moZraoba

uWirda. es is dro iyo, roca qveyana faSizmze gamarj-

146

vebis 60 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavad emzadeboda. misma

mowafeebma gadavwyviteT, omis veterani maswavleblis

kidev erTxel gaxseneba didi saiubileo dReebis win.

davurekeT telefonze, movikiTxeT janmrTeloba, Tu

SeZlebda qalaqSi gamosvlas, cotaTi gaviseirnoT-Tqo.

esiamovna. SevTanxmdiT. daniSnul droze mivakiTxeT

msubuqi avtomanqaniT. koxtad Cacmul-daxuruli, Tavisi

siberis originaluri joxiT gamosuliyo ezoSi _ ar

valodinoo, ijda da gveloda (gamoirCeoda punqtua-

lobiTa da akuratulobiT). es iyo 2005 wlis 9 maisi.

gavediT qalaqSi, revoluciis (amJamad xelovnebis)

muzeumis skverSi. fotografic moviyvaneT da gadavi-

ReT suraTi faSizmze gamarjvebis 60 wlisTavis aRsa-

niSnavad. gauxarda, gaxalisda veterani, alaparakda

ukanaskneli Sexvedra veteran maswavlebelTan.marcxnidan: sergo dumbaZe, skender bajeliZe,

nikoloz dumbaZe, egnate dumbaZe

147

Cveni dinji da sityvaZviri sayvareli maswavlebeli.

moridebiT SevapareT, skender maswavlebelo, am sa-

maxsovro suraTs, gamarjvebis 60 wlisTavis iubiles

mouxdeba sasmisebiT dalocva, rom Zala hqondes Cvens

Sexvedraso, – gavexumreT. amasTan, veWvobdiT, uars

gvetyoda janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo. Cvenda gas-

axarad, daviTanxmeT. iqve axlos, sergo bolqvaZis kafe-

barSi CamovjeqiT. davloceT gamarjvebis 60 wlisTavi,

veteranebi; Cveni maswavleblis TamadobiT, movigoneT

omSi daRupulebi, janmrTeloba da xangrZlivi sicocx-

le vusurveT mas. ase saxeldaxelod aRvniSneT faSiz-

mze gamarjvebis 60 wlisTavi veteran maswavlebelTan

erTad. es aRmoCnda Cveni bolo Sexvedra sayvarel ped-

agogTan. erTi wlis Semdeg, gamarjvebis 61-e weli, mis

gareSe aRvniSneT, samagierod, mis mosagoneblad gazeT

`aWaris~ 2006 wlis 9 maisis nomerSi movaTavseT werili

`ukanaskneli Sexvedra veteran maswavlebelTan~ wina

wels masTan erTad gadaRebuli suraTiT.

Sexvedra 60 wlisTavze, baTumi, 2005 w. 9 maisiamiran gabaiZe, skender bajeliZe, egnate dumbaZe

148

`zustad erTi wlis winaT, 2005 wlis 9 maiss, fa-

Sizmze gamarjvebis mesamoce wlisTavs yofili Tanak-

laselebi, megobrebi: amiran gabaiZe, nikoloz, egnate

da sergo dumbaZeebi SevxvdiT Cvens aRmzrdel peda-

gogs, omis veterans, aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis

damsaxurebul maswavlebels skender bajeliZes. ga-

marjvebis saiubileo wlis aRsaniSnavad, suraTebic ki

gadaviReT da vaCuqeT mas. miuxedavad xandazmulobisa

da SeuZlod yofnisa, batoni skenderi CvenTan erTad

sufrasTan dajda. cota Rvinosac Seepara, gaxalisda,

moigona Tavisi bavSvoba, swavlis wlebi, amagdari ped-

agogebi, faSizmis winaaRmdeg brZolis dros gamov-

lili mZime dReebi. skender bajeliZe omis dawyebis

dRidanve mamacurad ebrZoda mters. ordenebi da med-

lebi daimsaxura, magram, samwuxarod, bedma omis dros

tyveobac arguna _ prusiis, poloneTis sakoncentracio

banakebSi. tyveobidan Tavdaxsnis Semdeg, e. w. `safil-

tracio banakSi~ dakiTxes, Seamowmes da kvlav gaamwe-

ses jarSi samsaxurisTvis. igi demobilizebul iqna

1946 wels.

man sixaruliT moigona omis Semdgom umaRles sas-

wavlebelSi gatarebuli periodi, nayofieri pedagogi-

uri moRvaweoba xulos raionis xixaZiris saSualo

skolaSi, sadac 1952 wlidan 1959 wlamde iRvawa. Semdeg

qobuleTis raionis skolebSi, jer CaisubanSi da bo-

los mSobliur xucubanSi muSaobda.

sufrasTan man siamayiT isic gviTxra, rom yvelaze

did jildod, Cemi 75-e wlisTavis gamo, 1996 wels, ba-

TumSi Tqveni, Cemi madlieri aRzrdilebis mier mowyo-

bili Sexvedra mimaCniao.

Cven, mis yofil moswavleebs, kargad gvaxsovs isic,

rom maSin, mas, sxvebTan erTad, sakuTari leqsiT

149

miesalma yofili moswavle, iuridiul mecnierebaTa

kandidati, docenti vano gabaiZe:

`RmerTma gacocxloT, batono skender,

kargad SegvargeT gamTbari grZnoba~.(leqsis sruli teqsti ixileT Semdeg ganyofilebaSi)

vemzadebodiT maswavleblis 85-e wlisTavis aRsa-

niSnavadac, magram... faSimzze gamarjvebis 60 wlisTavis

aRniSvna, masTn yofna da saubari, samwuxarod, ukanask-

neli aRmoCnda.

wavida Cvengan samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli, Sro-

miTa da saqmiT gamorCeuli, saukeTeso adamianuri Tvi-

sebebiT Semkuli mamuliSvili.

raoden guldasawyvetia, rom dRes, faSizmze ga-

marjvebis samocdameerTe wlisTavs Cven skender baje-

liZesTan erTad ver vxvdebiT, Tumca misi sicocxle da

saqme dauviwyari iqneba CvenTvis, misi aRzrdilebisaT-

vis.

Tqveni omaxiani xma, dinji, damajerebeli da Tbili

saubari, logikuri msjeloba, azrTa wyoba anTebul

lamprad darCeba aRzrdilTa mexsierebaSi, Zvirfaso

skender maswavlebelo!

moswavleTa jgufi~(gaz. `aWara~, # 83, samSabaTi, 9 maisi, 2006. gv. 9).

150

$11. veterani maswavlebeli emzadeboda85 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavad, magram...

adamianis cxovreba iyofa or periodad: aRmavali

(sicocxlis pirveli naxevari) da daRmavali (sicocx-

lis meore naxevari). periodebs konkretuli wlebis

dasaxelebiT ver ganvsazRvravT, es adamianis sicocx-

lis dasrulebamde SeuZlebelia. wlebiT gansazRvra

Tu dadgena xdeba konkretul pirovnebebze mxolod

gardacvalebis Semdeg.

asea yvela adamianis da maT Soris, skender baje-

liZis mimarTac.

skender maswavleblis cxovrebac grZeldeboda, mis

dReebs emateboda dReebi, kvirebs _ kvirebi, wlebs _

wlebi. es iyo misi sicocxlis aRmavali xana. Semdeg

dadga meore, daRmavali periodi, roca mis sicocxles

akldeboda wlebi, Tveebi... Cven, mis irgvliv Tu garSe-

mo myofni, Sinauri Tu gareSeni, vgrZnobdiT amas,

vamxnevebdiT, xan iubilis aRniSvniT, xan sigeliT, xix-

aZirSi kursdamTavrebulTa araerT Sevxedraze mowve-

viT, sagazeTo werilebiT, mis Sesaxeb wignebSi weriT,

sxva jildoebiT, masTan SexvedrebiT, tkbili sau-

brebiT, warsulis gaxsenebiT... veterans gansakuTrebiT

ainteresebda da emzadeboda kidevac dabadebidan 85 da

faSizmze gamarjvebis 60 wlisTavebis aRsaniSnavad.

Cvenc, yofili mowafeebi, amJamad megobrebi, ojaxi, Si-

naurebi saiubileo Tadarigs viWerdiT, magram, sam-

wuxarod, igi moulodnelad gardaicvala.

adamianebma kargad unda gavacnobieroT, rom si-

cocxle sikvdiliT mTavrdeba da fasdeba imis mixed-

viT, Tu ra kvali datova saiqiosken mimavalma saaqaoSi,

amqveyanaze.

151

didi ilia brZanebda, `kacs ori saxeli unda hqon-

des, erTi aq dasarCeni, meore ki Tan wasayolio~. ilias

am brZnul sentencias agrZelebs didi qarTveli mwe-

rali da humanisti nodar dumbaZe, rodesac ambobs, rom

`is meore, Tanwasayoli saxeli Cvenma madlierma Svi-

lebma unda dagvaweron saflavis qvaze, oRond is sax-

eli WeSmariti unda iyos, radgan mogonili saxeli

kacs arc iq da arc aq ar gamoadgeba.~1 adamiani sikvdi-

lis Semdeg fizikurad kvdeba, gadainacvlebs amqvey-

nidan imqveynad, romelsac qarTvelma kacma, `mudmivi

sasufeveli~ uwoda da Tu wasayoli saxeli WeSmaritia,

aseT kacze `mokvda~-s nacvlad ityvian _ `gardaic-

vala~-o. es sityva ixmareba adamianis keTilSobilebisa

da misdami sazogadoebis pativiscemis gamosaxatavad.

adamiani imdenad unda gaisarjos, rom amaRldes `gar-

dacvalebis~ doneze. am gamoTqmebSi gansxvavebuli Si-

naarsia Caqsovili. es iqidanac Cans, rom sikvdilis

Semdeg avi, boroti adamianis augad moxsenebisTvis

ityvian: `sasikvdile iyo, an `RmerTma miasikvdilao~.

keTilSobil, Rirseul pirovnebaze ki ityvian: `sawya-

li, gardaicvala~, `RmerTma naTelSi amyofos misi su-

li~ da a. S.

skender maswavlebeli iyo swored keTilSobili

pirovneba, Rirseuli moqalaqe. mTeli Tavisi cxovreba

uangarod emsaxura samSoblos, axalgazrdobis swavla-

aRzrdis saqveyno saqmes, misi sityvebiT Tu vityviT,

`adamianebis pirovnebad Camoyalibebas~. didi da naTe-

li kvali datova am qveyanaSi: lamazi ojaxi, kargad

gazrdili Svilebi da SvilSvilebi, hyavda gamor-

Ceuli, kacTmoyvare Zmebi, ded-mamisSvilebi, moyvrebi,

1 n. dumbaZe, STabeWdilebebi, werilebi, gamosvlebi, Tb., 1984, gv.102.

152

naTesaoba, aseulobiT pirovnebad Camoyalibebuli mo-

wafe. mis aRzrdilTa Soris arian pedagogebi, eqimebi,

inJinrebi, iuristebi, ekonomistebi, teqnologebi, Jurna-

listebi, poetebi, mwerlebi. meuRlis dakargviT gamow-

veul mwuxarebas imsubuqebda (Tu es SeiZleba saerTod)

axloblebis TanadgomiT, Tavisi naamagariT, miRweuli

SedegebiT, danatovari memkvidreobiT, aRzrdilebiT.

sicocxlis bolo dReebSi moulodnelad sTxova

qaliSvils da siZes _ JuJunas da nodars _ baTumidan

qobuleTSi waeyvanaT, meore qaliSvilTan, eTerTan

(rogorc Cans, Tavad grZnobda Tavis aRsasruls da

undoda mSobliur sofelSi yofna). es survili

Seusru-les Svilebma, naTesaobam.

qalbatoni eTeri Tavs evleboda mamas, eqimi da

wamali ar daukliaT misTvis Svilebs, SviliSvilebs

da naTesaobas, magram uSedegod. is mTlianad daixar-

ja, misi sicocxlis aRsasrulis wuTebi dadga.

$12. yvelam guliT daitira igi

ver daiWiravs sikvdilsa

gza viwro, verca kldovani.

SoTa rusTaveli

2005 wlis 28 ivliss gardaicvala Svilebis sayva-

reli mama, SviliSvilebis mosiyvarule babua, naTesao-

bis saukeTeso warmomadgeneli, aWaris damsaxurebuli

maswavlebeli, didi samamulo omis veterani, Rvawlmo-

sili pedagogi skender xuseinis Ze bajeliZe. ori sax-

eli hqonda skender maswavlebels. erTi saxeli Tan

gahyva saiqioSi _ `keTilSobili~, `kargi kaci~, meore,

153

nodar dumbaZis TqmiT, WeSmariti saxeli ki aq, saaqao-

Si, amqveynad darCa. skender bajeliZis kaikacoba, mis-

dami uzomo siyvaruli naTlad gamoCnda masTan gam-

oTxovebis dReebSi. didebul adamians mistirodnen ara

marto ojaxi, naTesaoba, xucubani da qobuleTi, aramed

aWaris raionebi, sxvadasxva qalaqidan _ Tbilisidan,

goridan, quTaisidan, baTumidan mosuli megobrebi,

moswavleebi, nacnobebi, stumrebi. didi xalxmravloba

iyo, dadga ukanasknel gzaze gacilebis Jami. sacx-

ovrebeli saxlis win, farTo ezoSi moewyo misi dakr-

Zalvisadmi miZRvnili xalxmravali samgloviaro mit-

ingi. ukanaskneli gza dauloces marTlac dalocvil

kacs da naTelSi yofna usurves mudmiv sasufevelSi.

mitingis dasrulebis Semdeg, xalxmravali samglo-

viaro procesia gaemarTa bajeliZeTa sagvareulo sas-

aflaosken, sadac sakuTari xeliT momzadebuli origi-

naluri saflavi daxvda meuRle durikos gverdiT. iqve

axlos ganisveneben skender bajeliZis mSoblebi _

qalbatoni meriemi da batoni xuseini, saqveynod saxel-

moxveWili Zma, yvelasTvis sayvareli da saTayvanebeli

pirovneba vladimer bajeliZe, skender maswavleblis

biZa aslan bajeliZe, biZaSvili ali (aleqsandre) ba-

jeliZe da bajeliZeTa gvaris sxva warmomadgenlebi.

RmerTma gacxonos, skender maswavlebelo, Cveno

sayvarelo aRmzrdelo!

Cven, sanam suli gvidgas, ar dagiviwyebT, movalT

saflavTan, mogeferebiT, yvavilebs gaCuqebT...

154

bajeliZeTa sagvareulo sasaflao

skender da durie bajeliZeebis saflavi

155

es saflavi, Seni STamomavloba, datovebuli WeSma-

riti saxeli, gakeTebuli realuri saqme, da es wigni _

Seni Zegli iqneba aw da maradis, ukuniTi ukunisamde,

skender maswavleblo. Senma aRzrdilebma, rac SevZe-

liT, gavakeTeT Tqvenda gasaxarad. Tu raime dagake-

liT, gvjera, Seni didi suli gvapatiebs. sabolood

gpirdebiT: madlierebiT mogigonebT yovelTvis, sanam

suli gvidgas. Tqveni da sxva maswavleblebis naTeli

xsovna waruSleli iqneba Cvens gulebSi.

skender bajeliZis gardacvalebis Sesaxeb infor-

macia-gancxadebebi da nekrologebi gamoqveynda sxvada-

sxva gazeTSi.

* * *

skender bajeliZe(nekrologi)

gardaicvala omisa da Sromis veterani, aWaris av-

tonomiuri respublikis skolis damsaxurebuli mas-

wavlebeli skender xuseinis Ze bajeliZe.

daibada 1921 wels qobuleTis raionis sofel xucu-

banSi.

1938 wels daamTavra soflis saSualo skola. baTu-

mis #1 pedagogiuri saswavleblis dasrulebisTanave,

qveyana samamulo omis qarcecxlSi gaexvia da isic sam-

Soblos damcvelTa rigebSi Cadga.

bedma omis wlebSi tyveoba arguna _ prusiis, pol-

oneTis sakoncentracio banakebSi, Semdeg moxvda daniis

kunZul redbuzeze, qalaq odenzeSi. tyveobidan Tav-

156

daxsnils mouwia e. w. `safiltracio~ banakSi dakiTxva-

Semowmeba da kvlav daabrunes sabWoTa armiis rigebSi,

saidanac mxolod 1946 wels dabrunda.

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo

pedagogiuri institutis geografiis fakultetis damTa-

vrebis Semdeg, 1952 wels, samuSaod xulos raionis saz-

Rvrispira sofel xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi gaamweses.

axalgazrda pedagogma imTaviTve moipova siyvaruli

da pativiscema pedagogiur koleqtivSi, moswavle axal-

gazrdobaSi, male daawinaures kidec saswavlo nawilis

gamged.

1959 wels samuSaod gadavida Tavissave raionSi.

jer moRvaweobda Caisubnis skola-internatSi, Semdeg,

1976 wlidan, xucubnis saSualo skolaSi geografiis

maswavleblad da organizatorad.

skender bajeliZes daufasda Rvawli: mas 1973 wels

mieniWa aWaris damsaxurebuli maswavleblis sapatio

wodeba. dajildoebuli iyo sabrZolo didebis orde-

niT, medlebiTa da avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi

sabWos sapatio sigeliT.

igi Cveuli siamayiT Sexvda faSizmze gamarjvebis

60 wlisTavs da daRupulTa Sesandobari warmoTqva.

1996 wlis 6 dekembers, baTumis maswavlebelTa dax-

elovnebis institutma, daviT mamulaZis saqvelmoqmedo

sazogadoeba `moamagem~ da xixaZiris saSualo skolis

kursdamTavrebulebma pativi miages skender maswavle-

bels _ aWaris ganaTlebisa da kulturis muzeumSi sa-

zeimod aRniSnes misi dabadebidan 75 wlisTavi.

wavida Cvengan samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli, Sro-

miTa da saqmiT gamorCeuli, saukeTeso adamianuri

TvisebebiT Semkuli mamuliSvili.

157

skender bajeliZis saxe da saxeli dauviwyari iqneba

kolegebis, naTesav-megobrebisa da aRzrdilTa xsovnaSi.

aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis ganaTlebis,

kulturisa da sportis saministro;aWaris omis, Sromisa da samxedro Zalebis veteranTa respu-

blikuri sabWo;daviT mamulaZis saxelobis sazogadoeba `moamage~.

gaz. `aWara~ 1.08.2005 w.

* * *

nekrologis teqsti gamoqveynda gazeT `xulos~

furclebzec. nekrologs xels aweren: xulos raionis

gamgeoba; daviT mamulaZis saxelobis sazogadoeba `moa-

mage~; xulos ganaTlebis, kulturisa da sportis gan-

yofileba, xixaZiris SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saS-

ualo skola.gaz. `xulo~, 26-27, 8.08.2005.

* * *

gazeT `baTumelebSi~ yofili moswavleebis sax-

eliT gamoqveynda samZimris gancxadeba.

skender bajeliZeRrma mwuxareba dagveufla Cveni aRmzrdel-maswav-

leblis, omis da Sromis veteranis, aWaris avtonomiuri

respublikis damsaxurebuli maswavleblis, baton sken-

der bajeliZis gardacvalebis gamo.

didia baton skenderis amagi xixaZireli axalgazr-

debis mimarT, amitomac mSobeliviT gviyvarda igi, yo-

velTvis gvixaroda masTan Sexvedra da misi alersi,

amitomac cxare cremlebiT davtiriT mis gardacvale-

bas.nikoloz dumbaZe, sergo dumbaZe.

gaz. `baTumelebi~, #26, 6-13 ivlisi, 2005 w. gv. 8

158

batoni skender bajeliZis gardacvalebis gamo

gazeTebis meSveobiT ojaxs samZimari gamoucxades ax-

loblebma, kolegebma, megobrebma, qobuleTisa da xu-

los raionebis xelmZRvanelobam.

ase dasrulda skender maswavleblis saaqao cxov-

reba da daiwyo mudmivi, saiqio cxovrebis periodi.

mSvidad iZineT sasufevelSi, batono skender.

159

mesame ganyofileba

xixaZirs ra damaviwyebssamSoblos da xalxissiyvaruli uberebelia

`TiTqmis naxevari saukune gavida mas Semdeg, rac me

1959 wels davemSvidobe xixaZiris saSualo skolas,

moswavle axalgazrdobasa da gulalal mosaxleobas,

magram aq gatarebuli Sromisa da cxovrebis wlebi

samudamod SemorCa Cems mexsierebas.

sakmaod mZime da faTerakebiT aRsavse iyo Cemi

cxovrebis gza. ver vityvi, rom Cems ojaxs uWirda

maSin, roca me vizrdebodi. davamTavre xucubnis saSu-

lo skola da baTumis pedagogiuri saswavlebeli, ma-

gram Semdeg didi tanjva da wameba gadamxda samamulo

omSi brZolis dros. bedma gatanjuls tyveobac

xixaZiris saSualo skolis ganaxlebuli Senoba

160

marguna da movxvdi prusiasa da poloneTSi, saidanac

gadmomiyvanes daniis kunZul redbuzeze, qalaq oden-

zeSi... tyveobidan dabrunebis Semdeg e. w. `safiltra-

cio~ banakSi gaviare dakiTxva-Semowmeba da Semdeg

kvlav Camricxes sabWoTa armiis rigebSi, saidanac

mxolod 1946 wels viqeni demobilizebuli. cotaodeni

dasvenebis, sulieri simSvidis dauflebis Semdeg, misa-

Rebi gamocdebi Cavabare da 1948 wels Caviricxe baTu-

mis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo peda-

gogiuri institutis (amJamad universiteti) geografiis

fakultetze. 1952 wels, institutis damTavrebisTanave,

samuSaod xulos raionis xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi

gamamweses. es CemTvis Zneli saqme iyo, sagonebelSi Cav-

vardi, rogor memuSava CemTvis ucnob adgilas, anda,

gana mqonda saamisod Sinagani xalisi Tu ganwyoba? ma-

gram kvlavac imZlavra CemSi patriotulma grZnobam,

pedagogis mowodebam: emsaxure Sens xalxs, Sens qveyana-

so. rogorc Cavedi am sazRvrispira sofelSi, maSinaTve

vigrZeni cxovrebis siZnele _ sapasporto reJimi, me-

sazRvreTa kontroli, rac mzaravda tyveobaSi namyof

kacs. sofelsac omis mZime kvali aCnda, Wirda cxov-

reba. skolaSi adgilobrivi maswavleblebi mxolod

dawyebiT klasebSi iyvnen, ZiriTadad saqarTvelos sxva-

dasxva kuTxidan movlinebuli axalbeda maswavleblebi

muSaobdnen, romelTac mZime pirobebSi uxdebodaT mu-

Saoba.

xixaZirSi misvlisTanave vigrZeni mTavari, rac

CemTvis esoden gamamxnevebeli da saWiro iyo: mosax-

leobis yuradReba, siTbo da siyvaruli. sacxovrebeli

binac ukeTilSobilesi adamianis, guliani kacis osman

gabaiZis saxlSi davide.

161

Cemi muSaobis periodSi, direqtoris ZalisxmeviT,

Seiqmna profesionali specialistebis erTad Sekruli

pedagogiuri koleqtivi, romelSic Serwymuli iyo ad-

gilobrivi da mowveuli specialistebis interesebi.

mTavari yuradReba gadatanili gvqonda saswavlo-saaR-

mzrdelo procesis sworad warmarTvaze, pedagogTa

codnis, gamocdilebis miznobrivad gamoyenebaze, mas-

wavlebelTa Sromisa da cxovrebis normaluri piro-

bebis Seqmnaze.

am skolis istoriaze, imis rolisa da mniSvnelo-

bis gaSuqebaze, vfiqrob, farTod iqneba sxvaTa mogo-

nebebSi, amitom me mxolod zogierT Strixze ga-

vamaxvileb yuradRebas.

mainc ras gamovyofdi xixaZiris saSulo skolaSi

Cemi muSaobis periodidan?

pirveli. mosaxleobis, mSobelTa interesi da yur-

adReba swavlisadmi da, amdenad, Tanadgoma da zrunva

mozardTa swavla-aRzrdisadmi, maswavleblis Rirsebi-

sa da avtoritetis dacvisadmi.

meore. moswavle-axalgazrdobis xalasi niWiereba,

mondomeba da swrafva codnis, ganaTlebis misaRebad. am

mdgomareobas isic aZlierebda, rom raionSi bevri ar

iyo saSualo skola. pirvel xanebSi xixaZiris saSua-

lo skola erTaderTi iyo sxalTa-xixanis xeobaSi, Sua-

xevis raionSi ki axalad ixsneboda saSualo skolebi.

amitom aq saswavleblad modiodnen Suaxevis raionis

mareTis, sakuTriv sxalTa-xixanis xeobebis rvaklasdam-

Tavrebuli moswavleebi. 1953 wels mecxre klasSi TiTq-

mis 60-ze meti moswavle Cairicxa da amitom ori par-

aleluri mecxre klasi Seiqmna.

162

marcxnidan:skender bajeliZe, oTaroCigava, givi Todria

mesame. skolaSi Seiqm-

na marTlac sanimuSo, maR-

alkvalificiuri, didi pa-

suxismgeblobis mqone pe-

dagogTa erTiani ojaxi,

romlis upirvelesi miza-

ni axalgazrdobis swav-

la-aRzrda, namdvil moqa-

laqeebad Camoyalibeba

iyo. TavianTi akademiuri

done, muSaobis didi gam-

ocdileba gamoiyenes Cemma

kolegebma, romlebmac Sem-

dgomSi respublikis sxva-

dasxva raionsa da qalaq-

Sic nayofierad iRvawes. aba, vis daaviwydeba xixaZirSi

gamobrZmedili saxelovani pedagogebi, rogorebic iyv-

nen: roland bolqvaZe, evgenia kuzmina, giorgi sirabiZe,

oTar oCigava, Taliko rusieSvili, daviT Rlonti, li-

ana baramiZe, givi Todria, ana alfaiZe, daviT gogoZe,

revaz beraZe, aslan xaxutaiSvili, arCil iSxneliZe,

sergo jaiani, ioseb abaSiZe da sxvebi. sagulisxmoa,

rom bevrma maTganma (aslan xaxutaiSvili, revaz beraZe,

ioseb abaSiZe) SemdgomSi samecniero xarisxi moipoves

da mecnierul moRvaweobas Seudgnen, umravlesobas sa-

qarTvelos da aWaris damsaxurebuli pedagogis sapa-

tio wodebebi mieniWaT (s. jaiani, a. iSxneliZe, a. al-

faiZe, r. bolqvaZe, d. Rlonti, g. sirabiZe, g. Todria).

mjera, rom xixaZiri ar daiviwyebs am pedagogTa da

sxvaTa umwikvlo, patiosan Sromas da did amags Tavis

mkvidrTa winaSe.

163

daviT mamulaZe _aWaris pirveliadgilobrivixelmZRvaneli

(1910-1981)Tavkaci

meoTxe. Cven, xixaZireli pedagogebi, vgrZnobdiT

respublikis, raionis xelmZRvanelobis mudmiv yur-

adRebas, Cveni muSaobis saTanadod dafasebasa da aRi-

arebas, rasac didi mniSvneloba hqonda TiToeuli Cven-

ganisaTvis.

mexuTe da mTavari is iyo, rom skolas hyavda gamo-

cdili, Tavis saqmeze Seyvarebuli pedagogi, dauRalavi

da energiuli, didi pasuxismgeblobis mqone direqtori

dimitri xozrevaniZe. misi xelmZRvanelobiT yovelwli-

urad umjobesdeboda saswavlo-saaRmzrdelo procesi,

skolis, saskolo internatis materialur-teqnikuri ba-

za. igi did daxmarebas uwevda axalbeda pedagogebs

daostatebaSi, Seudarebeli unari da taqti gaaCnda

moswavleTa mSoblebTan urTierTobaSi, soflis aqtiv-

Tan TanamSromlobaSi. amitomac iyo, rom bevrjer ga-

naTlebis saministros, raionis ganyofilebas skolis

muSaobis Seswavlis Sedegebi ganuzogadoebiaT da da-

debiTi Sefaseba miuciaT yovelTvis. davsZen, rom xixa-

ZirSi Cemi Svidwliani moRvaweo-

bis Semdeg sxvadasxva skolaSi mo-

mixda muSaoba, magram maTi Sedare-

bac ar SeiZleba xixaZiris saSua-

lo skolasTan.

Cemi xixaZirSi muSaoba minda

gavixseno sxva mxrivac. Cveni sko-

la, aWaris maSindeli Tavkacis,

didi pirovnebis daviT mamulaZismudmivi yuradRebis qveS iyo. mas

axarebda Cveni skolis warmatebe-

bi, xSiradac gvstumrobda, ecnbo-

da Cvens muSaobas. erT-erTi stu-

robis dros igi skolaSi movida

164

xulos raikomis pirveli mdivnis aleqsandre qoniaZisa

da raiaRmaskomis Tavmjdomaris simon beriZis Tanx-

lebiT. batoni daviTi Sexvda pedkoleqtivs, Segvaqo

kargi muSaobisTvis, madloba gadauxada skolis direq-

tors, pedgogebs warmatebiTi muSaobisTvis da gvesaub-

ra samomavlo amocanebze. wasvlisas batonma daviTma

hkiTxa skolis direqtors raime daxmareba xom ar

gWirdebaTo.

am dros mamaCemi sofel xucubanSi CemTvis sacxov-

rebel saxls aSenebda. Wirda samSeneblo masalebis,

gansakuTrebiT, cementis SeZena. direqtors gamovutydi

da vuTxari: ra iqneba, baton daviTs vTxovoT daxmare-

ba cementis gamoyofaSi-meTqi, swored damSvidobebisas

skolis direqtorma madloba gadauxada baton daviTs

da Tanac uTxra: _ Cems moadgiles, omis monawiles

skender bajeliZes sacxovrebli saxlis asaSeneblad

cementi esaWiroeba da daxmarebasac mxolod am sa-

kiTxis mogvarebaSi gTxovTo. man siamovnebiT gamomarT-

va gancxadeba, Caido jibeSi da Segvpirda daxmarebas.

skender bajeliZis sacxovrebeli saxlisofel xucubanSi

165

vladimer bajeliZis sacxovrebeli saxlisofel xucubanSi

qeskin bajeliZis sacxovrebeli saxlisofel xucubanSi

166

male gamomiZaxes aWarkoopkavSirSi da gamomiyves

saWiro raodenobis cementi da sazafxulo ardadegebis

periodSi movaxerxe sacxovrebeli saxlis aSeneba da

msurs aqve didi kmayofilebiT madloba vuTxra CemTvis

gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis am uaRresad humanur adami-

anebs.

bevri ramis gaxseneba SemiZlia xixaZiris saSualo

skolis Sesaxeb. dae, bevri sxvebmac Tqvan, magram, mainc

mTavari _ msurs gamovxato didi madloba Cemi xixa-

Zirelebis mimarT. amas rom vambob, ra Tqma unda, mxed-

velobaSi maqvs maSindeli sasoflo sabWoSi Semavali

soflebi: vernebi, raqvTa, fuSrukauli, kaloTa, skvana,

Txilvana, bako, sakuTriv xixaZiri, misi mcxovreblebi

da axalgazrdebi. dResac Tvalwin midganan xixaZireli

xevisberebi: baTal iSxneliZe, esker, Tufan gabaiZeebi,

filipe mamulaZe, avTandil jaiani, Suqri, mixeil dum-

xixaZiris saSualo skolis kursdamTavrebulTa Sexvedra30 wlis Semdeg

167

baZeebi, osman, viqtor cecxlaZeebi, irodion, valeri,

genadi xalvaSebi, vezir abaSiZe, rejebali gabaiZe, ar-

Cil abaSiZe, maxmud mamulaZe, simon vardosaniZe, xasan

surmaniZe da sxvebi, romlebic CemTvis sidarbaislis,

kuTxis patriotobis, kacurkacobis gansaxierebani iyv-

nen.

rogor SeiZleba ar gaxsovdes saqarTvelos damsa-

xurebuli pedagogi sergo jaiani, misi stumarTmoyva-

reoba, Tanadgoma da daxmareba (Cemi _ xixaZirSi pirve-

lad Casuli stumris pirveli maspinZeli swored misi

ojaxi iyo), damsaxurebuli pedagogis arCil iSxnel-

iZis, musto miqelaZis, emine, nespie da dursun ga-

baiZeebis, mzevinar jaianis, zurab beriZis Rvawli; xa-

Sim xalvaSis, folad jaianis didi Sroma, skolis mu-

Sakebis _ osman, xusein gabaiZeebis, yurSum, Sadie xal-

vaSebis mier daTesili siTbo da siyvaruli.

ar damaviwydeba aseTi SemTxvevac. gasuli saukunis

70-iani wlebi iyo. qobuleTidan Camosulma sakolmeur-

neo bazarSi Seviare. roca savaWro daxlebTan Caviare,

umalve SevigrZen erT-erT daxlTan mdgomi kacis Ri-

miliani mzera da misken Sevbrundi. man ki miTxra: _

Tqven xom skender maswavlebeli xarTo, ki-meTqi, vuTx-

ari, saidan micnobT-meTqi. rogor ar gicnobT, mTeli

xixaZiri saTuTad inaxavs Tqvens saxels, swored Tqve-

nisTanebis sispetake, sindis-namusi iyo, rom mSoblebi

siamovnebiT, damSvidebulni vagzavnidiT TqvenTan sas-

wavleblad Cvens qaliSvilebso. sixaruliT gadavexvie

im kacs da samagiero madloba vuTxari. igi sofel ver-

nebidan aRmoCnda.

meamayeba, rom xixaZirSi Cemi muSaoba alalad Seir-

ges Cemma moswavleebma, romlebmac masaxeles Semdgom-

Sic. TavianTi swavla-moRvaweobiT, da dResac, roca me

168

85 wels vuaxlovdebi, Cemi Rirseuli moswavleebi Cem-

Tan arian Wirsa da lxinSi, Tavs mevlebian, mafaseben

da pativs momageben, rogorc SeuZliaT. am mxriv mad-

lobis meti ra meTqmis. erTi aTad avmRldi sakuTar

TavSi, Cemi naTesavebis, axloblebis winaSe, roca 1996

wlis 6 dekembers Cemma yofilma xixaZirelma mos-

wavleebma 75 wlis iubile gadamixades q. baTumSi, ga-

naTlebisa da kulturis muzeumSi. gana marto moswav-

leebi, mTeli xixaZiri aq iyo, yvela ganaTebuli saxiT,

didi siyvaruliT mefereboda da sixarulis cremls

mafrqvevinebdnen. Tavi respublikis ganaTlebis orga-

noebis amgadarebmac Seiwuxes, Semaqes da janmrTeloba

misurves. didi sawyeni ki is iyo, rom am dros ukve

cocxlebi aRar iyvnen daviT mamulaZe, aleqsandre qo-

niaZe da dimitri xozrevaniZe.

ar SemiZlia ar gavixseno is moswavleebic da mSob-

liuri madloba ar vuTxra Cems yofil moswavleebs,

Cemi mciredi amagis didad damfaseblebs, rogorebic

arian: nodar cecxlaZe, egnate, nikoloz, sergo

dumbaZeebi, onise, levan surmaniZeebi, amiran mamulaZe,

amiran da aleqsandre jaianebi, mamia xalvaSi, aleqsan-

dre da jambul mamulaZeebi, amiran, vano, givi, ioseb,

SoTa, nodar, evgeni gabaiZeebi, lamara jaiani, jemal

beriZe, guram baraTaSvili, besarion SainiZe, mzia, da-

riko, vladimer xalvaSebi, nodar kekeliZe, Tamar cecx-

laZe, Tamaz mamulaZe, solomon TuraZe, SoTa qamaSiZe,

mravali da mravali sxva. raoden sawyenia, rom amaTgan

zogi ukve aRar aris Cvens rigebSi, romelTadmi siyva-

ruli Cems gulSi ar Senelebula.maxsendeba xixaZirSi ramdenjerme mowyobili Sex-

vedrebi kursdamTavrebulebTan, sadac gviwvevdnenCvenc, maswavleblebsac. gansakuTrebiT damamaxsovrda

169

1956 wlis kursdamTavrebulTa Sexvedrebi 1976 da 1986wlebSi, riTac mogveca didi saSualeba dagveTvalie-rebina Cemi davaJkacebis adgilebi, kidev erTxel mivsu-liyavi Cemi direqtoris, kolegisa da megobris saflav-Tan, kidevac davmtkbariyavi Cemi xixaZireli kolegebis,megobrebis, sapativcemulo adamianebis xilviT da er-Tad puris gatexviT. vinatrebdi, kvlavac mexilos si-amovnebis aseTi dReebi, Tuki janmrTeloba momcemsamis saSualebas.

kvlavac CiraRdaniviT anaTebdes xixaZiris skola,kvlavac gaezardos Rirseulebi da qveynis samsaxurSiCaeyenebinos maTi niWi am istoriuli kuTxis Svilebs.

meamayeba, rom xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi vmuSaob-di~.

skender bajeliZe,xixaZiris saSualo skolis

saswavlo nawilis gamge (1954-1959 ww),

omisa da Sromis veterani,aWaris damsaxurebuli pedagogi.

sofeli xucubani, 2004 wlis seqtemberi

170

meoTxe ganyofileba

kristaluri siwmindis da maRalizneobis gansaxiereba iyo...

skender bajeliZis 75 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnilisaiubileo saRamoze (1996 wlis 16 dekemberi)

warmoTqmuli misalmebebi da mogonebebi

m i s a l m e b e b i

misalmeba _ mofereba, siTbos gamoxatvaa.

arCil iSxneliZeaWaris maswavlebelTa daxelovnebis

institutis direqtori,

aWaris skolis damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli

batono skender!

xuTi aTeuli welia, rac cxovrebis SuagulSi

trialebT, mamulis, qveynis, adamianebis, sikeTis samsa-

xurSi iRvwiT da mozardebis cxovrebis gzas ostatis

xeliT CarxavT.

Znelia striqonebSi Caatio is didi Rvawli da ama-

gi, rac Tqven saxalxo ganaTlebis ganviTarebisa da

axalgazrdobis aRzrdaSi migiZRviT. Tqven ganvleT

rTuli, magram lamazi SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis gza.

ukeTiSobilesi profesia – pedagogoba airCieT, ma-

gram saswavleblis kursdamTavrebuls Jurnalis nacv-

lad SaSxanis aReba mogixdaT xelSi.

171

xuTi weli vaJkacuri SemarTebiT, raindulad iareT

omis cecxlovan gzaze. samSoblos winaSe valmoxdilma

ki mozardi Taobis aRzrdis samsaxurSi CadeqiT da

uRalatod, muxlCauxrelad kacuri kacis sindisiT da

namusiT, TavdadebiT emsaxureT qveynis xvalineli dRis

_ axalgazrdobis sulieri formirebis saqmes.

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Tqveni nayofieri moRva-

weoba xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi. am saswavlo keram

mTel aWaraSi gaiTqva saxeli, raSic, cnobil direq-

torTan _ dimitri xozrevaniZesTan erTad, Tqvenc didi

wvlili migiZRviT.

batono skender, yvelgan, sadac ki imoRvaweT _ xu-

los raionis xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi, qobuleTis

raionis Caisubnis skola-internatSi, mSobliuri xu-

cubnis saSualo skolaSi Tu sxvagan, yvelgan Tqveni

sityva TqviT da keTili kvali datoveT.

gilocavT dabadebis 75-e wlisTavs. mzegrZeloba

da dRegrZeloba, sixaruli da bedniereba ar mogkle-

bodeT. iareT didxans am lamaz qveyanaSi Tqven keTili

RimiliT, Wkviani sityviT, marTali saqmiT.

172

vladimer mamulaZedaviT mamulaZis saxelobis

sazogadoeba `moamagis~ prezidenti

aWaris damsaxurebul pedagogs, omisa da Sromisveterans, Rrmad pativcemul

skender bajeliZes(misalmeba-adresi)

batono skender!

bednieria is, vinc Tavisi gavlili gziT amayobs.

Tqven aseT bednier adamianTa ricxvs ekuTvniT, radga-

nac ise icxovreT da imoRvaweT, rom Tqvens upirveles

sazrunavs yovelTvis qveynisa da xalxis interesebi

warmoadgenda. kargad gvesmis, rom ia-vardebiT mofenil

gzebze ar givliaT. didi gansacdelebi da tragediebi

gamoiareT, baTumis pedsaswavleblis damTavrebisTanave,

TanatolebTan erTad, omis qarcecxlSi gaexvieT.

Tqven warmoadgenT im didebul, valmoxdil Taobas,

romlis Rirseulma warmomadgenlebma 50-iani wlebis

dasawyisSi aWaris mTianeTs miaSureT da fasdaudebeli

wvlili SeitaneT am kuTxis axalgazrdobaSi ganaTle-

bis uqrobi CiraRdnis anTebisTvis. Tqveni moRvaweoba

xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi daemTxva im periods, roca

aWaraSi, avtonomiuri respublikis maSindeli xelmZRva-

nelis daviT mamulaZis TaosnobiT, safuZveli eyreboda

adgilobrivi inteligenciis aRzrda-Camoyalibebis sa-

SviliSvilo saqmes, kuTxis ekonomikur, sulier da

kulturul aRorZinebas. siamayiT unda iTqvas, rom

Tqvenma Taobam es Zneli da sapatio misia brwyinvaled

Seasrula.

173

Tqvengan gulanTebulma da dalocvilma bevrma Wa-

bukma da qaliSvilma umaRlesi ganaTleba miiRo da

gza gaikvala mecnierebaSic. yovel aRsazrdels uner-

gavdiT mSobliuri xalxis, qveynis siyvaruls, pativis-

cemas Rirseuli adamianebisadmi, Tqven humanisti peda-

gogis kvali datoveT yvelgan, sadac ki gimuSaviaT.

Tqven mier gavlili gza aris patiosani, spetaki,

Tavisi saqmis erTguli, samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli,

mraval Wirgadatanili qeduxreli kacis misabaZi maga-

liTi.

Tqvens amags arasodes daiviwyebs STamomavloba.

batono skender! daviT mamulaZis saqvelmoqmedo sa-

zogadoeba `moamagis~ gamgeoba guliTadad gilocavT

dabadebis 75 wlisTavs, gisurvebT janmrTelobas, dRe-

grZelobas da did adamianur bednierebas.

174

iveri melaZeaWaris damsaxurebuli maswavlebeli

batono skender!

naxevari saukune burgalebs Cvens urTierTobaSi.

Wabukobidan Cvenma samsaxurebrivma saqmianobam da pi-

radma bunebam gadagvjaWva, mkacrad dagvaaxlova, dagva-

megobra da amis gamoc arasodes dRemde erTmaneTisaT-

vis batonobiT ar migvimarTavs...

albaT, gagikvirdaT kidec, ase rom SegexmianeT, ma-

gram es xom dRes maincdamainc Cemi Tqvendami oficia-

luri momarTvaa da CavTvale, ase ufro upriani iqne-

boda... da axla Tqveni TanadgomiT, upirvelesad, uRr-

mesi madlierebiT mivmarTav Cveni dRevandeli am Tavy-

rilobis organizatorT _ am CvenTvis sicocxlisa da

sixarulis gamaxangrZlivebeli, mogonebaTa amaforiaqe-

beli SexvedrisaTvis!..

gamarjveba dabedebodeT maT yovel gzasavals!

. . .Zvirfaso skender!

grZeli da mZime cxovreba ganvleT: naxevari sauku-

nis win maswavlebloba, dRevandelTan SedarebiT, uf-

ro didi sazogadoebrivad datvirTuli moRvaweobis

tolfasi ram iyo. xom bevrjer gvivlia fexiT Tovlsa

da yinvaSi sxalTidan, zogjer baTumidanac, `Soria xi-

xaZiramde~... amzevebulni arc qobuleTis raionSi er-

Tad muSaobisas vyofilovarT.

utransportoba, mgzavroba urmiT, cxeniT, fexiT...

gza grZeli xSirad, sagzliT zurgze.

paradoqsebiani saukunis Svilebi varT... ramdeni

tkiviliani dro gqoniaT... Tqven, upatiosnesi, uspeta-

kesi, ukeTilSobilesi, pirTamde marTali kaci, misayuJ-

175

misamaladac ki gagxadaT cxovrebam. Cemo skender! omga-

daxdilsa da Rvawlmosils SiSi agkidebodaT avi lan-

diviT...

ramdenjer Tqven, brZensa da Rirseul kacs, gulSi

Cagiklavs uRirsTa Semoteva, rodesac Tqvengan raime

praqtikulsa da Wkvianurs ver aitandnen...

magram guli?!

ramden ram daetia am sacodavs gulSi?!

magondeba erT-erTi saSualo skolis ezo... TuTis

xis CrdilSi aseTi Semotevisas Tqveni maRalzneobrivi

TavSekaveba...

es mxolod Cven _ orma viciT... sxva amisi mowme

dRes ukve aRaraa cocxali, Zvirfaso skender!... mas

Semdeg samyaros drois mier ukideganobaSi maradiso-

bisaTvis mcire, magram CvenTvis sakmo didi droc gavi-

da.

ras izam... cxovreba xom xSirad ulmobelia?!

Tqven samSobloze _ daujerebeli winaaRmdegobeb-

iT aRsavse saqarTveloze _ ganuzomlad Seyvarebuli

pirovneba brZandebiT... xSirad cremlebamde misula am

mxriv moZalebuli gancda...

Tqven solidur asaks miaRwieT... karga xania dage-

TovlaT Tma... magram, erTi swavlulis Tqmisa ar iyos,

`es sispetake gasxivosnebulia patiosani da Rirseuli

SromiT... ikiTxon mxolod maT, visac es siTeTre av-

kacobiTa da kacTmoZuleobiT dautvirTavT!..

Tqven mZime da Zneli profesiis Sesabamis damaSv-ra-

li wlebi ganvleT, magram mainc ar dakargeT maRali

suli...

SemiZlia vTqva, rom epoqasTan mimarTebaSi, Seni

samSoblos gavlili dReebis gancdiT, tragikuli pi-

rovneba xarT...

176

da ra ubedurebaa, rom jerjerobiT _ dResac ver

vxedavT nanatris Rirseulad aRsrulebas...

Tqveni hobia sikeTis Tesva _ sxvisTvis bednierebis

miniWeba; xarT didi interancionalisti, mterSic ki

Rirseuls eZebT da yovel am adamianobis gamovlenas

uaRresad afasebT...

adamianSi Rirsebas poulobT da misgan yovel sike-

Tes siRrmiseulad SehxariT, afasebT da ar iviwyebT;

usityvod _ praqtikulad unda gadauxadoT igi mas.

erTguleba gaxarebT sxvisi...

cxovrebis yvelaze Wirveul dros dakargeT sami

kargi Svilis gamzrdeli, erTguli, Tbili, moyvaruli

da nawvalebi patiosani meuRle...

iyaviT da xarT kargi megobari, mama da... uRlis-

cali.

Tqven saukeTeso gvaris Camomavali brZandebiT. mi-

maCnia, rom TviT es gvari imsaxurebs apologias _ qeba-

Taqebas.

didi konstantine, Tavis `dionisos RimilSi~ Cveni

saukunis gariJraJze SeniSnavda, rom dasavleTSi didi

xania, rac daiwyo mamakacebis gadagvarebao... dRes iq da

saerTod qveynad sayuriani, Tavsafriani, kulul-kiki-

nebiani gardakacebulni momZlavrdnen. Tqven ki, batono

skender, XXI saukunis kviraZalzec SeinarCuneT mamaka-

curi xibli, rixi, niWi, kacurkacoba, rac yvela Tqvens

axlobels, megobars, naTesavs kanonieri siamayis grZno-

bas gvaniWebs da gvaxarebs.

esaa, rom gavlili cxovrebis simZimilma erTgvarad

Rimili gagiqroT saxeze...

did frang mwerals _ viqtor hiugos gausaZlisma

yoveldRiurma sawuxarma Turme Rimili wartaca saxi-

dan... ramdeni ecadnen, rom igi aReZraT da aRebeWdaT

fotofirze... bolos Wkvianma fotografma aparatis win,

177

suraTis gadaRebisas, patara balRi auelvara – auTa-

maSa – aucqriala da ai, maSin mostaces mis saxes Ri-

mili...

es Rimili qveynis momavlisa _ axali Taobisa

gaxlavT, Cemo skender...

Tqven dRes dgaxarT Tavisebur fotoaparatTan,

romlis garSemo TqvenTvis Rimilis mosagvrelad Semo-

krebilan Tqveni kargi Svilebi, lamazi SviliSvilebi

da naamagar kacs Tavs gaxvevia – gamSveneben... aqvea uam-

ravi moswavle, amjerad Tqveni megobrebi _ Tqveni amag-

is Rirseulad Semcnobni... romlebic TvalebSi Semog-

cicineben. Tqvenc nu mogiSaloT maTi siyvaruli Zmao,

skender!

mainc minda davZino: ramdeni siTbo da didi gulia

CaRvenTili Tqvens naRvlian mzeraSi... Tqvens pirovne-

bas raindobisa da wmindanobis Saravandedi adgas, mo-

savs da aSuqebs...

Tqven amaRlebulis saxeli grCebaT am qveyanaze...

. . .batono skender! amdeni gesaubreT da SegawuxeT Ce-

mi naubriT, magram mainc, ukmayofilebis grZnoba meuf-

leba...

rom SeiZlebodes, me Tavidan davwerdi Tqvens Sesa-

qebar sityvas, magram veWvob, iseTi gamomivides, rac

Tqven SegeferebaT da TqvenTvis memeteba!

Zvel Sumerebs uTqvamT: `namdvili damweri is aris,

visi xelic azrs misdevso~...

netav cotaTi mainc Tu SevZeli me es _ azrisa Dda

xelis midevneba?

didxans eyoleT am Tqvens pativismcemel sazoga-

doebas, Tqvens sapatio wres, janmrTelad, saRad, Cveno

amagdaro pirovnebav!

178

ramaz surmaniZemwerali, profesori

skender bajeliZe

marto am gvaris gagoneba uaxloes warsuls gagax-

senebs da mogagonebs im Rirseul mamuliSvilebs, rom-

lebmac TavianTi sikeTiT, qvelmoqmedebiT, sispetakiTa

da RvawliT Rirseuli kvali datoves Cveni saukunis

sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. romeli erTi CamovTvalo,

saxelovani mxedarTmTavari aslan bajeliZe, Tu Sromis

gmiri vladimer bajeliZe, iuristi jemal bajeliZe Tu

profesori – ekonomisti ali bajeliZe.

yvela maTganis biografia imdenad mdidaria, rom

isini calke monografiebs imsaxureben. albaT, Cveni

Taoba amasac gaakeTebs da Rirseulad daafasebs xu-

cubneli didkacebis amags da sikeTiT gavlil gzas.

skenderis Tavze, rogorc ityvian, kevrs ar gada-

uvlia, danarCeni, yvela siave iwvnia, magram suliT da

sxeuliT Zalmosilebam Tavisi gaitana da igi, SeiZleba

iTqvas, mSvidi xandazmulobiT wavida am wuTisofli-

dan.

am goliaTi kacisaTvis yvelaze didi gamocda iyo

meore msoflio omi, romelmac mravali misi Tanamebr-

Zoli da megobari imsxverpla mtris alyaSi moqceuli

da saswaulebrivad gadarCenili skenderis cxovreba

umZimes pirobebSi gagrZelda, faSistTagan okupirebul

qveynebSi, saidanac gaqcevis TiTqmis yvela mcdeloba

uSedegod dasrulda.

samSobloSi dabrunebuli skender bajeliZisaTvis

axali cxovreba iwyeba. kacTmoyvare adamianma aseve hu-

manuri dargi _ maswavlebloba airCia da igi uZvelesi

179

istoriiTa da tradiciebiT mdidari maRalmTiani xi-

xanis xeobis mozardTa aRzrdis msaxuri gaxda.

pirvelad misi aRzrdilebis, madlieri moswavlee-

bis wreSi Sevxvdi am RvawliT damZimebul kacs da pir-

velive saubrebiT davrwmundi, rom misi saxiT Cvens in-

teleqtualur sazogadoebas hyavs WeSmariti patrioti,

mamuliSvili da aRmzrdeli, romelic mzadaa, uari

Tqvas pirad fufunebaze da sakuTari gonebrivi da ma-

terialuri SesaZleblobebi adamianebis keTildReobas

moaxmaros. magram mTavari marto es rodia. mTavari da

arsebiTi isaa, rom mamuliSvilobas, kacTmoyvareobas,

patiosnebasa da simamaces igi unergavda yvelas, Tavis

mravalricxovan Segirdebs, ojaxis wevrebsa da gvariS-

vilTa did wres. amiT Rvawlmosilma pedagogma xixa-

Zirsa da mSobliur raionSi erTgvarad ganagrZo

adgilobriv didaqtikosTa Rirseuli saqmianoba da

amiT Cvens Taobebs Tavic maradiulad daamaxsovra.

verc daiviwyeben, radgan pedagogobidan aTeuli

wlebis gavlis Semdegac skender bajeliZe moikiTxavda

xolme Tavis aRzrdilebs, gaigebda maT winsvlas da

sixaruliT ivseboda, uyuradRebod ar tovebda Wir-va-

ramsac da SeZlebisdagvarad mamaSvilur xelsac uwv-

dida.

skender bajeliZis sibrZne, sispetake da sikeTe

CemTvis kidev ufro cxadi gaxda, roca Cvens ojaxebs

Soris moyvruli urTierToba damyarda, misi SviliS-

vili Cemi rZali gaxda da am qorwnebam Cvens gvarSi

axali siTbo da siyvaruli Semoitana.

visac erTxel mainc mousmenia skender bajeliZis

dinji, Rrmad Sinarsiani baasi, albaT, arasodes daa-

viwydeba gonebanaTeli, ubralo da upretenzio kaci,

romelmac gaiara warsulis sikeTe-siaviT damZimebuli

cxovreba da xalxis winaSe valmoxdili wavida mara-

diul sasufevelSi.

180

vano gabaiZeiuridiul mecnierebaTa

kandidati, yofili moswavle

mokle sityvis Semdeg miesalma leqsiT:

baton skender bajeliZes _ 75

samocdaTxuTmeti gazafxuli kacurad ganvleT,

omi da brZola, ojaxi, skola,

yvela es tvirTi medgrad atareT,

gveamayeba Tqvens gverdiT dgoma.

bevri daTeseT, bevri moimkeT

siyvaruli da pativiscema,

Tqvengan viswavleT da STavinergeT,

kacurkacoba, sindisi, Sroma.

ornaxevari aTeuli wliT,

kidev gvWirdeba Tqveni Tandgoma,

RmerTma gacocxloT, batono skender,

barem SegvargeT gamTbari grZnoba.

181

m o g o n e b e b i

mogoneba _ xelaxla gancdaa.

rostom gunTaiSviliiuristi

Cemi erT-erTi yvelaze sayvarelimaswavlebeli

Cems cxovrebaSi, rac dro gadis, sakuTar Tavs

vusvam SekiTxvas, vin aris is pirovneba, romelsac Cems

maswavleblad miviCnev im maswavlebelTa da pedagogTa

didi jgufidan, romlebmac didi wvlili Seitanes Cemi

pirovnebis formirebaSi. aseTi adamianebi bevria, magram

maTgan gamorCeulad didi madlierebiT vigoneb CemTvis

dauviwyar baton skender bajeliZes, romelic qobule-

Tis raionis ulamazes sofel xucubnis saSualo sko-

laSi maswavlida. Cemi azriT, bednieri arian is ada-

mianebi, visac raime Sexeba hqonia am didebul pirovne-

basTan. uwinare yovlisa, igi gamoirCeoda Tavisi vaJka-

curi da axovani ieriT, uaRresad didi ganswavlulo-

biTa da pirovnuli siTboTi, romelsac igi avlenda

nebismieri Cveni Sexvedris dros. miuxedavad imisa, rom

Cven Soris didi asakobrivi gansxvaveba iyo, Ceens ur-

TierTobaSi aseTi ar igrZnoboda. me yovelTvis siTbo-

Ti mommarTavda da moikiTxavda Cems mSoblebs, babuas

da bebias. vicodi, rom Cven sisxliT naTesavebic viya-

viT, dedaCemis bebia batoni skenderis didi mamida iyo.

batoni skenderi erTi weliwadi maswavlida, es iyo 1966

182

wels, mas Semdeg didi dro gavida, magram arasdros

maviwydeba es pirovneba.

gasuli saukunis bolos batoni nikoloz da sergo

dumbaZeebisgan Sevityve, rom Cven erTi maswavlebeli

gvyolia da maT mimarT ufro didi simpaTia da megob-

ruli urTierToba gamiCnda, radgan sxvadasxva dros

da sxvadasxva adgilas, erTi da igive pirovneba iyo

Cveni maswavlebeli. CvenTvis es pirovneba iyo gamorCeu-

li da madlierebiT mosagonari pedagogi.

Cems am mogonebas sxvadasxva adamianebi waikiTxaven,

maT Soris albaT, axalgazrdebic iqnebian. me maT vu-

surveb, rom iseTi maswavlebeli hyolodeT, odnav

mainc rom hgavdes Cems did maswavlebels _ baton sken-

der bajeliZes.

amqveyniuridan imqveyniurSi gadasvlis Semdeg,

imeds ar vkargav, rom baton skenders Sevxvdebi da ki-

dev erTxel da mravaljer did madlobas movaxseneb

didi qarTvelobisTvis da kargi kacobisTvis.

183

amiran mamulaZeyofili moswavle

ukvdavia maswavlebeli

vinc moixada am soflad vali,

is mkvdaric cocxlobs, ar aris mkvdari.akaki wereTeli

Cemma Tanaskolelma, xixaZiris saSualo skoladam-

Tavrebulma, SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis baTumis sax-

elmwifo universitetis profesorma sergo dumbaZem

saubarSi gamimxila, rom skender maswavlebelze (orive

misi yofili moswavle varT) patara wigns vamzadebT

da xom ar moigonebT raimes mis Sesaxebo. misi azri

momewona da Sevasrule es Txovna.

xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi swavlis gagrZelebis

pirvelsave dReebSi bevri kargi aRmzrdel-maswavlebe-

li gavicani, romlebmac Rrma kvali datoves CemSi, maT

Soris iyo xixaZiris saSualo skolis saswavlo nawi-

lis gamge, geografiis maswavlebeli skender bajeliZe

_ sulieri siwmindis da moraluri sispetakis, yur-

adRebianobis da gulisxmierebis, samarTlianobisa da

momTxovnelobis, uangarobisa da keTilSobilebis eta-

loni. maRali, TeTri saxe, Savi Tma da ulvaSebi qmnida

mis mimzidvel habituss, odnav mxrebSi moxrili (omSi

miyenebuli WrilobebiT gamowveuli), brge vaJkaci,

saocrad keTili, romelsac axasiaTebda iSviaTi, magram

Taviseburi Rimili. misi erT-erTi saukeTeso Tviseba

iyo adamianisaTvis bolomde mosmena, usmenda yvelas:

moswavle iyo, skolis maswavlebeli Tu rigiTi moqa-

laqe, usmenda imden xans, sanam mosaubre saubars ga-

184

nagrZobda, arasodes Cagereoda saubarSi, gismenda in-

teresiT, ara rogorc moswavles, aramed rogorc Ta-

naswors, azris Tanamoziares. grZnobdi, rom saqme gqon-

da uRirseules pirovnebasTan, gamorCeul pedagogTan,

aRmzrdelTan. dauviwyaria misi gakveTilebi. saintere-

sod saubrobda axali masalis axsnis dros. is arasd-

ros ar qadagebda, saubrobda, gixsnida, gaswavlida,

azrs giziarebda. Tavisufal dros xSirad internatSi

mcxovreb moswavleebTan atarebda, cxovrebisaTvis

gvamzadebda, STagvagonebda moswavleebs, rom momavali

axalgazrdobas ekuTvnis da qveynis marTvasa da mis

ayvavebas SeZleben mxolod mcodne, ganaTlebuli ada-

mianebi. amitomac gvinergavda siyvaruls da gvaCvevda

Sromas, sistemtur mecadineobas. misi Rvawli Cvendami

maswavleblobiT ar Semoifargleboda. igi iyo mzrun-

veli aRmzrdeli, cxovrobda erTi fiqriT da erTi

mizniT, rac SeiZleba ganaTlebuli da wesieri axal-

gazrdebi aRezarda. yovelTvis interesdeboda moswav-

leTa swavlis, cxovrebis da Sromis pirobebiT, exma-

reboda mravalSvilian ojaxebs, martoxela moxucebs,

avadmyofebsa da umweoebs. skender maswavleblis Cven-

dami mzrunvelobis naTelsayofad gavixsenebT erT

saintereso moments.

1959 wels mTaSi didi Tovli movida. xixaZiris

centrSi Tovlis safari sam metrs aRwevda, maRalTmian

mezobel soflebSi ki ufro meti iyo. ramdenime dRe-

Rame SeuCerebliv Tovda, Sewyda moZraoba. skolisa da

internatis erTsarTuliani Senobebi TovliT Caixerga.

puris gamocxobasa da sasadilos muSaobaze laparakic

zedmeti iyo. internatis moswavleebi saxlidan

motanili produqtebis amara davrCiT. Tovlis safaris

simaRlis gamo, fanjrebidan dRis sinaTle ver aRwevda,

185

skolisa da internatis Senobebs safrTxe Seeqmna. mo-

salodneli avariis Tavidan asacileblad, internate-

lebi SevudeqiT saxuravis gadmoTovlas. moswavleTa

erTi nawili Senobebs vacilebdiT Tovls, fanjrebidan

rom oTaxebSi sinaTle Semosuliyo. gausaZlis piro-

bebSi vimZlavreT TiTqmis ori dRe. bolos da bolos

daviRaleT, mogvSivda da araqaTi gamogvecala. Cvenda

sabednierod, mesame dRes, SuadRis Semdeg gamoidara,

Sewyda Tova, saRamos internatis fanjridan SevniSneT

susti, mbJutavi wertili gzaSi, romelic win moiwevda.

mgzavrs uWirda gzis gakvleva, Segvecoda. biWebma

gadavwyviteT daxmarebis gaweva, skolidan maswav-

lebelTa sacxovreblamde daaxloebiT samasi metri

gza gavkvaleT, rom mgzavri mogveyvana CvenTan, inter-

antSi.

ukve binddeboda. ar vicodiT, vin iyo momavali

mgzavri. roca kvali gavitaneT da momaval mgzavrs

mivuaxlovdiT, vnaxeT, rom erTi ki ara, ori pirovneba

iyo. momavalni skolis direqtori dimitri xozrevaniZe

da saswavlo nawilis gamge skender bajeliZe aRmoCnd-

nen. maT skender maswavleblis ojaxSi kerZebi moemza-

debinaT da mohqondaT moswavleebisaTvis. is Rame da

momdevno sami dRe skender maswavleblis ojaxSi mom-

zadebuli kerZebiT gavitaneT internatelma moswav-

leebma. gagvimarTla imiT, rom im weliwads skender

maswavleblis meuRle, qalbatoni duriko xixaZirSi

darCa. vidre soflis puris sacxobi amuSavdeboda,

mesazRvreebi gvamaragebdnen puriT.

xixaZirSi mZime viTareba Seiqmna, didTovlobas

daemata isic, rom sofelSi mSobiare qalis samSobiaro

saxlSi saswrafod gadayvana darCa saWiro, sikvdil-

sicocxlis sakiTxi wydeboda. sikeTem gaimarjva boro-

186

tebaze. skolis direqtori, sulmnaTi dimitri xoz-

revaniZe mesazRvreTa xaziT daukavSirda partiis

aWaris saolqo komitetis pirvel mdivans, baton daviT

mamulaZes. moaxsena arsebuli mZime mdgomareobis

Sesaxeb da daxmareba sTxova. ori saaTis Semdeg xixa-

ZirSi daeSva vertmfreni kvebis produqtebiT, ukan ki

mZime avadmyofi qali gadaiyvana baTumSi. ase gadavur-

CiT internatis moswavleebi SimSils, xolo mSobiare

deda-Svili _ daRupvas. ase zrunavdnen skolis direq-

tori da saswavlo nawilis gamge ara marto skolis

moswavleebsa da pedagogiur koleqtivze, aramed

mTlianad regionze, mis mosaxleobazec. isini kavSirs

ar wyvetdnen skolis kursdamTavrebulebTan, xSirad

akiTxavdnen im saswavlebelSi, sadac isini swavlas ag-

Zelebdnen. aseTi urTierToba Semdgom megobrobaSi ga-

daizarda, romelTa Soris mec viyavi. Cemi baTumSi mu-

Saobisa da skender maswavleb-lis qobuleTSi gadasv-

lis Semdeg xSirad vxvdebodiT erTmaneTs. veravin mo-

aswrebda mas `finjan yavaze~ dapatiJebas. roca sapasu-

xismgeblo Tanamdebobaze momiwia muSaoba, skender mas-

wavlebeli gamoivlida daxmarebis saTxovnelad gaWir-

vebuli mezoblebis, qvriv-oblebisaTvis. guliani da

gulisxmieri adamiani iyo, maswavleblis Txovna ki

CvenTvis brZanebis tolfasi iyo, SesaZleblobis far-

glebSi ukmayofilod ar gamiSvia arasodes. is pirad

gasaWirze, an ojaxis saWirobaze aravis Seawuxebda. Za-

lian siamovnebda, Tu sxva adamians xels gaumarTavda.

zemoT CamoTvlil moqalaqeobriv TvisebebTan er-

Tad, skeneder maswavlebeli iyo ubralo da moridebu-

li. amitom igi damsaxurebuli siyvaruliT da pativis-

cemiT sargeblobda skolaSi, rogorc moswavle axal-

187

gazrdobasa da pedagogiur koleqtivSi, aseve mosaxle-

obaSi.

bednieri var, rom skender bajeliZis moswavle da

Semdgom misi megobari viyavi. arasdros damaviwydeba

Cemdami misi mzrunveloba, yuradReba, guliTadi damo-

kidebleba. masTan gatarebuli wlebi Cems mexsierebaSi

dauviwyar da ganumeorebel periodad darCeba. gul-

wrfelad vaRiareb, rom batoni skenderi mSobeliviT

Tbili da mzrunveli pedagogi iyo. didi madloba

yovelive amisaTvis. RmerTma naTelSi amyofos Tqveni

suli, pativcemulo skender maswavlebelo.

188

jemal beriZeyofili moswavle,

Rirsebis ordenosani

sityva Rirseul maswavlebelze

mSobliuri soflis _ raqvTis rvawliani skolis

damTavrebis Semdeg, 1955 wels swavla ganvagrZe xixaZi-

ris saSualo skolaSi, romelsac aRiarebuli pedagogi

da aRmzrdeli, kargi skolaTmcodne, dimitri xozreva-

niZe xelmZRvanelobda. imxanad mTel sxalTa-xixanis

xeobaSi ori saSualo skola funqcionirebda, xixaZiri-

sa da yinCauris skolebi. Cvens sofelTan geografiu-

lad ufro axlo xixaZiris saSualo skola mdebareob-

da da, rogorc mimdebare soflebis rvawliani skole-

bis kursdamTavrebulebi, mec am skolaSi ganvagrZe

swavla.

swavlis dawyebis pirvelsave dRes, saswavlo wlis

sazeimo gaxsnisaTvis mzadebis periodSi pedagogTa So-

ris davlande axovani, dinji, vaJkacuri Sesaxedaobis

pirovneba, romelic Cveni geografiis maswavlebeli da

direqtoris moadgile skender bajeliZe aRmoCnda. sko-

laSi da skolis damTavrebis Semdegac masTan megobru-

li urTierToba arasdros gamiwyvetia, xSirad vxde-

bdiT erTmaneTs. igi interesdeboda Cemi cxovrebis

gziT, yovelTvis keTil rCevas maZlevda da cxovrebis

sibrZniT mmoZRvravda.

skender bajeliZe marto maswavlebeli rodi iyo.

igi brwyinvale moqalaqe da ganswavluli pirovneba

gaxldaT, patrioti da sazogadoebivad aqtiuri, cxov-

rebis gzagamovlili (igi didi samamulo omis monawi-

le iyo). am gzas misTvis daRic daesva. yovelTvis naRv-

liani Canda, Tumca amas ar imCnevda. dReniagad Cvenze

189

zrunavda, Zerwavda Cvens sulsa da gonebas, gvinergav-

da adamianis, mSobliuri xalxisa da kuTxis siyva-

ruls, pativiscemas yovelive imisa, rac istoriis bedu-

kuRmarTobis miuxedavad, Cveni kuTxis qarTvelobam si-

cocxlis fasad SeinarCuna: moyvasis gatana, ufros-

umcrosobis dafaseba, mamulis da adamianebis uangaro

siyvaruli. xixaZiris saSualo skolis pedagogiurma

koleqtivma bevri ram gvaswavla da gvarianad dagvakva-

liana. saskolo internatSi vcxovrobdi, gvaklda mSob-

lebis zrunva da yuradReba. amas avsebda batoni sken-

deri, rogorc skolis xelmZRvaneli. igi xSirad stum-

robda saskolo internats, gvesaubreboda, gvarigebda

da zrunavda, dro ar dagvekarga uqmad, kargad gveswav-

la. yovelTvis iyo Cveni qomagi da gamkiTxavi, zogjer

Cadenili danaSaulis gamo `mkacrad dasjilebi~ (Cvenc

xom Cveni bavSvobidan movdiodiT), misgan velodiT da

vRebulobdiT kidec Semweobas da mfarvelobas.

Seyvarebuli iyo xixaZirsa da xixaZirelebze. keTi-

lad da siyvaruliT igonebda iq gatarebul wlebs.

cxovrebam Tavisi gaakeTa. yvela Cvenganma sakuTari

cxovrebis gza avirCieT. mec davamTavre pedagogiuri

instituti, erTxans pedagogad vimuSave, Semdgom parti-

ul samuSaoze, bolos ki qalaq baTumis sakrebulos

aparatis ufrosi viyavi.

sakrebulo, sadac vmuSaobdi, zurab gorgilaZis

quCazea ganTavsebuli. baton skenders iqve, CeroSi,

wyalTan Zelskamze uyvarda jdoma. xSirad SevuerTde-

bodiT da iwyeboda mTisa da baris ambebis mokiTxva,

yvelas moikiTxavda, interesdeboda, rogor cxovrobd-

nen da ras saqmianobdnen misi aRzrdilebi. amis Tao-

baze SesaZleblobis farglebSi Cemgan iRebda infor-

macias. Cem Rrma pativiscemas misdami mokrZalebulad

finjan yavaze mipatiJebiT gamovxatavdi. meriis sasadi-

190

los gamgem nodar tarielaZem (axlaxan wavida igi am-

qveynidan, jer kidev axalgazrda, RmerTma naTelSi am-

yofos misi suli), icoda ra Cveni damokidebuleba, Cem-

da daukiTxavad patara `purmarils~ gagviwyobda xol-

me. rogor gaixarebda skender maswavlebeli yovelive

amiT da udides kmayofilebas gamoxatavda misi gabrw-

yinebuli saxe. es dResac maxsovs da arsdros damaviwy-

deba.

mTeli cxovreba marTali kacis saxeliT, Sublna-

Telma, valmoxdilma iara. yovelTvis swamda saqarTve-

los xvalindeli dRis, eris siwmindisa da simtkicis,

mamulis aRorZinebis.

meamayeba, rom viyavi skender maswavleblis moswav-

le da umcrosi megobari.

gagviWirda misgan ganSoreba. dagvrCa misi saxelis

maradiuli xsovna da survili imisa, rom skender mas-

wavlebeli didxans darCeba samSoblos siyvaruliT gu-

lanTebuli axalgazrdobis gonieri gzamkvlevis ubad-

lo magaliTad.

191

amiran jaianimedicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

eqimi-kardiologi, yofili moswavle

moswavle-maswavleblisurTierTobis etaloni iyo

baton skender maswavlebels vicnobdi xixaZiris

saSualo skolaSi misi muSaobis dawyebidan. maSin

meeqvse klasSi viyavi. igi megobrobda Cvens ojaxTan.

Cems aRzrdaSi, davaJkacebaSi, inteleqtualur pirovne-

bad CamoyalibebaSi, mSoblebis Semdeg, gansakuTrebuli

roli miuZRvis skolas, maswavlebels, maT Soris ga-

movyofdi dimitri xozrevaniZesa da skender bajeliZes.

roca miTxres, rom skender maswavlebelze wigni

iwereba da Tu SegiZlia misi cxovrebidan raime gaixse-

neo, didad mesiamovna da am Txovnas siamovnebiT vasru-

leb.

1. skender maswavlebeli pirveli Sexvedridan war-

momidga, rogorc darbaiseli garegnobis, dinji pirov-

neba, maRalzneobrivi TvisebebiT Semkuli adamiani,

romlisganac yvelas SeeZlo aeRo magaliTi.

2. skender maswavleblis maRali pirovnul-moqala-

qeobrivi Tvisebebis gamo, moswavleebi metad moridebu-

li viyaviT masTan. roca gzaSi momavals SevamCnevdiT

Soridan, pirveli danaxvisTanave, ar hqonda mniSvnelo-

ba manZils, quds vixdidiT mis sapativcemulod. axlos

mosuli metyoda: `kargi biWi xar, madloba amisaTvis~

da Tan daayolebda, qudi moixade, roca axlos mox-

valo. misgan wamosuli es maRali Jesti Cven, moswavle-

ebs ufro mets gvavalebda, ufro moridebuli vyofili-

yaviT ara marto masTan, aramed saerTod maswavlebleb-

192

Tan. maswavlebeli xom CvenTvis uzenaesi figura iyo,

gonebis gamxsneli, aRmzrdeli da ganmanaTlebeli.

Cvenc vcdilobdiT kargad mogvemzadebina yoveldiRuri

gakveTilebi, rom sircxvili ar gveWama sayvarel mas-

wavlebelTan.

3. samuSaod qobuleTSi Camosvlis Semdeg, xSirad

vxvdebodiT erTmaneTs. Cveni moswavle-maswavleblis

urTierTobas daemata eqimi–pacientis urTierToba da

bolos gadaizarda megobrobaSic. gamouvlida yofil

moswavleebs, moikiTxavda TiToeuls, gaigebda yvelas

mdgomareobas, kmayofilebas gamoTqvamda. me, rogorc

eqimi, davinteresdebodi misi janmrTelobis mdgomareo-

biT, miT umetes, is meore msoflio omis monawile,

mZime wlebgamovlili veterani brZandeboda da misi

janmrTelobis kontroli aucilebeli iyo. TviTon im-

denad moridebuli iyo, rom gasinjvaze Tavs Seikavebda.

me ar moveSvebodi, movunaxavdi iseT motivs, rom dav-

iTanxmebdi. es misTvis sasargeblo iyo, CemTvis ki _

sasiamovno. is Tavis moswavleebTan Zalian axlos iyo,

rogorc maswavlebeli da rogorc mSobeli. igi mos-

wavle-maswavleblis urTierTobis etaloni iyo. erTnai-

rad iziarebda Cvens sixarulsac da mwuxarebasac.

4. iyo erTi saintereso SemTxvevac. TbilisSi same-

dicino institutSi swavlis dros dedaqalaqSi Camo-

sulma skender maswavleblma medqalaqSi mogvakiTxa

xixaZiris skoladamTavrebul medikos studentebs

oTar iSxneliZes, mamia xalvaSs, mediko jaians, lili

xozrevniZesa da am striqonebs avtors. maswavlebeli

Cven gavacaniT megobrebs. maT ifiqres, rom raRaca gau-

Wirda, albaT, TbilisSi da studentebs moakiTxa dax-

marebis saTxovnelado, magram, roca gaiges, rom mas-

wavlebels araferi gaWirveba ar hqonda, gamoiara da

193

moikiTxa Tavisi moswavleebis mdgomareoba, dainteres-

da maTi swavliT, Cveni megobrebi gaocebulni darCnen,

aseTi yuradRebiani aRmzrdel-maswavlebeli iSviaTo-

baao. Canda, isini ase ganebivrebuli ar yofilan Tavi-

anTi maswavleblebisgan. skola davamTavreT, davemSvi-

dobeT da mere arc ki SevxvedrivarTo. am Sexvedris

dros skender maswavlebelma aseTi faqti gaixsena. xix-

aZirSi muSaobis dros cxovrobda ilias gabaiZis saxl-

Si. mas hyavda patara qaliSvili, romelic gaizarda,

daojaxda, sacxovreblad gadavida qobuleTis raionis

sofel gvaraSi. am gogonas plantaciebSi daunaxavs

skender bajeliZis Zma, kolmeurneobis maSin-deli Tav-

kaci vladimer bajeliZe da wamouZaxia: `deda, skender

maswavlebeli, neta, aq ram Seawuxa.~ vladimerma gogona

masTan ixmo, gamokiTxa yvelaferi da mixvda, rom Zmebi

erTmaneTSi ver gaarCia. es ambavi didi aRtacebiT momi-

yva Zmamo, _ Tqva skender maswavlebelma da xazi gausva

maswavleblisadmi moswavleTa pativiscemas.

aWaris jandacvis saministros brigadaSi avadmyof-

Ta mdgomareobis Sesamowmeblad viyaviT qedis raionSi.

RonisZiebis dasrulebis Semdeg raionis xelmZRvanelo-

bam moawyo banketi. dailia araerTi sadRegrZelo. per-

sonaluri sadRegrZeloebis dros, roca jeri Cemze

dadga, jandacvis ministrma, batonma levan anTaZem

Tqva: amiran jaiani cnobilia, rogorc profesionali

kardiologi, mkurnali eqimi da am dargis xelmZRvane-

li aWaraSi. es yvelam viciT da kmayofili varT misi

muSaobiT. me minda sxva kuTxiT davaxasiaTo misi ma-

Ralmoqalaqeobrivi Tvisebebi, rac damaxasiaTebelia,

ara marto misTvis, aramed am xeobis (sxalTa-xixanis),

kerZod, xixaZiris saSualo skolis kursdamTavrebul-

TaTvis, romlebmac q. baTumSi, aWaris ganaTlebisa da

194

kultu-ris muzeumSi maRalorganizebul doneze aR-

niSnes xixaZiris saSualo skolis yofili saswavlo

nawilis gamgis, aWaris damsaxurebuli maswavleblis,

omisa da Sromis veteranis, baton skender bajeliZis

dabadebidan 75-e wlisTavi. maswavlebels, romelmac

sxvebTan erTad, didi roli Seasrula axalgazrdobis

swavla-aRzrdis saqmeSi, xeobis kulturul dawinaure-

baSi, yofilma moswavleebma, kolegebma Zlier daufases

gaweuli amagi da isic iseT dros (1996 w. 6 dekemberi),

roca qveyana gausaZlis pirobebSi imyofeboda. es iyo

moswavle-maswavleblis urTierTobaSi didi saamayo sa-

qme, ramac qalaqis inteligenciasa da xelmZRvaneloba-

Si didi mowoneba daimsaxura.

skender maswavlebeli CemTvis ukvdavia. dRes Cvens

Soris igi ar aris (RmerTma naTelSi amyofos misi su-

li), magram Cven arasodes daviviwyebT mas, sanam cocx-

lebi varT.

195

SoTa gabaiZeekonomisti, yofili moswavle

amagdari maswavlebeli

maswavleblis profesia urTulesia yvela sxva pro-

fesiaTa Soris, radganac igi axalgazrdobis sulis

maformirebelia. amitomac, vfiqrob, rom maswavlebeli,

upirvelesad, keTili, ganaTlebuli da nebisyofiani un-

da iyos. me yvela maswavlebelSi vxedavdi sasikeTo

muxts, amitomac yvela keTilad maxsendeba, zogi maTga-

ni gamorCeuladac ki.

swored aseTi gamorCeulTagani iyo awgansvenebuli

batoni skender bajeliZe, romelic 50-ian wlebSi

ganawilebiT movlinebuli iyo xixaZiris saSualo sko-

laSi geografiis maswavleblad. igi qobuleTis raio-

nis sofel xucubnidan iyo.

kaci omgadanaxadi,

axovani da mxargrZeli;

Tavs ise vgrZnobdiT imasTan,

rogorc uSbasTan mTamsvleli!

Txroba hqonda saocnebod

daxvewili qarTuliTa;

mitom igi SeviyvareT

yvelam suliT da guliTa.

berjer kargi magaliTiT

dagvamaxsovra man Tavi;

bevrjer kargiT, mxolod kargiT

mxolod kargiT da ar aviT!

skender maswavlebeli rukaze ise Semoxazavda qa-

laqs Tu qveyanas da ise gvesaubreboda, TiTqos iqau-

196

roba fexiT hqonda Semovlili. mis gakveTilze idea-

luri siCume sufevda, rom ityvian, `buzis gafrenis

xmasac~ gaigonebdiT. Cvens yuradRebas igi misdami ri-

dis ZaliT ipyrobda da ara SiSiT, rogorc es, sam-

wuxarod, zogierT maswavlebels sCveoda. mec gam-

ovcade maswavleblis xvedri.

didi iyo maSin xixaZiris saSualo skola, hqonda

internatic, maswavleblebi iyvnen: guriidan, imereTi-

dan, samegrelodan. ZiriTadad ki baTumis pedinstitu-

tis kursdamTavrebulebi.

Cveni ojaxi maSin 10 sulisagan Sedgeboda. imxanad

6 da-Zma moswavle viyaviT da nadaburis ubnidan sko-

lamde iqeT da aqeT 4 km-s gavdiodiT. Wirda cxovreba,

radgan omi axaldamTavrebuli iyo.

me skender maswavleblisa da misTanebis wyalobiT

internatSic Caviricxe. iq sinaTlec mTeli Rame gvqon-

da. xSirad gvamowmebdnen, rogor viyenebdiT am sikeTes

da Cvenc energias ar vzogavdiT, vewafebodiT wignebs

da saukeTeso Sedegebsac vaRwevdiT.

dRes bevri Cveni maswavlebeli cocxali araa. na-

Teli hqonodeT im qveynad yvela maTgans. meamayeba rom

viyavi maTi moswavle da amxanagi.

197

revaz surmaniZevernebis sajaro skolis geografiis

maswavlebeli, skender maswavleblis moswavle

gzis gamkvalavi maswavlebeli

skender maswavlebeli gavicani 1954 wlis seqtem-

berSi, roca vernebis 8-wliani skolis damTavrebis Sem-

deg swavla ganvagrZe xixaZiis saSualo skolis IX

klasSi, sadac is geografias gvaswavlida. is seqtem-

beri gansakuTrebuli iyo, ara marto CemTvis, aramed

mTeli Cveni klaselisaTvis, vinaidan yvela sxvadasxva

skoldan (vernebi, skvana, bako, mTisubani, kaloTa,

Txilvana, raqvTa, xixaZiri) viyaviT misuli da maSin

gavecaniT erTmaneTs.

amave dRidan iwyeba Cemi nacnoboba xixaZiris saSu-

alo skolis moswavleebTan. aq moRvaweobdnen iseTi

gamorCeuli, saxelovani maswavleblebi, rogorebic iyv-

nen: dimitri xozrevaniZe (skolis direqtori), skender

bajeliZe (saswavlo nawilis gamge), xasan (giorgi) si-

rabiZe, aslan xaxutaiSvili, revaz beraZe, Jenia kuz-

mina, givi Todria, oTar oCigava da sxva. maT waruSle-

li kvali datoves ara marto Cems cxovrebaSi, pedago-

giur saqmianobaSi, aramed sxalTa-xixanis xeobis kul-

turul dawinaurebaSi.

am periodSi xixaZiris skolaSi swavlobdnen iseTi

warCinebuli moswavleebi, rogorebic iyvnen: giorgi da

levan abaSiZeebi, mixeil jaiani, Tamar cecxlaZe, Tamaz

mamulaZe, nikoloz, sergo da egnate dumbaZeebi, solo-

mon TuraZe, arCil qamadaZe, akaki gabaiZe, da sxvebi,

romlebic skolis damTavrebis welsve Cairicxnen umaR-

les saswavleblebSi.

198

Cven vamayobdiT Cveni maswavleblebiT, gansakuT-

rebiT gamovyofdi skender bajeliZes, geografiis mas-

wavlebels, romelic Cemi momavali specialobis arCevi-

sas gaxda mTavari orientiri. igi iyo Zalian upreten-

zio pirovneba, yvelafers akeTebda, rom Cven kargad

gveswavla. niSans ar dagikargavda, gakveTilis moumza-

deblobas ar gapatiebda. movigoneb aseT kuriozs. meaTe

klasSi geografiaSi mimdinare Sefasebebi mqonda `fri-

adebi~. daimedebuli imiT, rom me niSnebi mqonda

miRebuli da maswavlebeli ar gamomiZaxebda, gakveTi-

lis (`CineTis soflis meurneoba~) uswavleli mivedi

skolaSi. moulodnelad gamomiZaxa da `oriani~ dami-

wera. Semdeg gakveTilzec gamomiZaxa. sagakveTilo Tema

movyevi kargad. es momiwona, magram damatebiT mkiTxa

wina moumzadebeli masala CineTze da isev `oriani~

damiwera. sanam ar movamzade, isic ar momeSva. igi ver

itanda moswavlis kampaniur muSaobas, iTxovda siste-

matur mecadineobas. roca darwmunda CemSi, rom yvela

gakveTils vswavlobdi, meoTxedis bolos saganSi

`friadi~ damiwera.

swored man gansazRvra Cems specialobad geo-

grafiis maswavleblobis arCeva.

minda gavixseno misaRebi gamocda geografiaSi. gam-

omcdeli iyo qalbatoni qeTevan alasania. pirvel da

meore sakiTxze pasuxebi momiwona, Seafasa `friadze~

cal-calke. gadadi mesame sakiTxzeo – miTxra (gamocda

tardeboda geografiis kabinetSi _ sadac bevri ruka

iyo). amovicani Cemi Temis (`ssr kavSiris bunebrivi

zonebi~) ruka, aviRe saCvenebeli joxi da daviwye sa-

kiTxis gaSuqeba rukaze CvenebiT. sakmarisiao, – Sema-

Cera. am sakiTxSic `friadi~ damiwera da mkiTxa: _ vin

gaswavlida geografias? _ skender bajeliZe-meTqi. Cve-

199

ni skenderi? _ diax-meTqi, _ swrafad davudasture. aman

gaaxara qalbatoni qeTevani. Semdeg gavige, rom Cemi

sayvareli maswavlebeli, misi gamorCeuli studenti yo-

fila.

Cven, moswavleebi, skolaSi vxedavdiT mis marTlac

muxlCauxrel muSaobas. igi cdilobda, rac SeiZleba

meti codna mieca moswavleebisaTvis. misi didi damsax-

urebaa isic, rom Cemi klasis 18 moswavlidan 13 moswav-

le pirvel welsve gaxda studenti: oTar iSxneliZe,

mamia xalvaSi, aleqsandre jaiani (eqimebi), grigol

SaraSiZe (Jurnalisti), danaCenma cxram gavyeviT Cveni

sayvareli maswavleblis gzas _ pedagogoba avirCieT.

veswrebodi skender maswavleblis dabadebidan 75-e

wlisTavis aRsaniSnav saiubileo saRamos, romelic

moamzades da Caatares xixaZiris skoladmTavrebulma,

misma yofilma moswavleebma da kolegebma. momeca saS-

ualeba da misasalmebeli sityviT movefere da mivu-

loce misi dabadebis Rirssaxsovari TariRi.

skender maswavlebeli Cvens ojaxTanac megobrobda.

icnobda mamaCems, romelic misi xixaZiris saSualo

skolaSi moRvaweobis periodSi iyo xixaZiris sasoflo

sabWos mdivani, yovelTvis iziarebda ojaxis sixarul-

sac da mwuxarebasac. gviyvarda is ara mxolod ro-

gorc aRmzrdeli, maswavlebeli, aramed agreTve, ro-

gorc mSobeli-mama.

50 welia geografias vaswavli skolaSi. yovel gak-

veTilze Tvalwin midgas skender maswavleblis saxe.

RmerTma naTelSi amyofos misi suli mudmiv sasu-

fevelSi.

200

eTer yurSubaZeq. baTumis #2 sajaro skolis

maswavlebeli, yofili moswavle

aseTi maxsovs skender maswavlebeli

skender maswavlebeli geografias gvaswavlida Cai-

subnis (qobuleTis raioni) skola-internatis VII klas-

Si. igi CvenTan movida xulos raionis xixaZiris saSu-

alo skolaSi wlebis ganmavlobaSi muSaobis Semdeg.

Tavisi adamianuri TvisebebiT, TavmdablobiT, ubraloe-

biT, garegnuli ier-saxiT, sidarbaisliT, sidinjiT, Ta-

vazianobiT, namdvilad saukeTeso pedagogis tipi iyo

da, rogorc specialisti _ aRiarebuli. misi mosvla

gakveTilze moswavleebs gvixaroda. geografia ise Seg-

vayvara, rom arasdros klasSi gakveTilis uswavleli

aravin modioda. gakveTils ise sainteresod da mim-

zidvelad gvixsnida, rom ZiriTadad iqve vswavlobdiT.

klasSi am saganSi `orosani~ moswavle ar gvyolia.

derefanSi rom Semovidoda, Tavisi lamazi iumoriT

Segvxvdeboda, gvfereboda. igi moswavleebis usayvarle-

si aRmzrdeli, maswavlebeli da pedkoleqtivis aqti-

uri wevri, gamocdilebis gamziarebeli, saukeTeso ko-

lega da megobari iyo. skender maswavlebels, rogorc

karg specialists, ufros kolegas, omis mZime wlebga-

movlils, yvelani mokrZalebuli vxvdebodiT.

ai, aseTi STabeWdilebebi damrCa me-7 klasel mos-

wavles cobil pdagog skender bajeliZeze.

igi mamaCemis kargi megobari iyo. skola-internatis

direqtorad mamis muSaobis drosac da Cveni skolidan

mSobliur xucubnis skolaSi samuSaod gadasvlis Sem-

degac igi Cveni ojaxis xSiri stumari iyo.

201

maxsendeba masTan Cemi bolo Sexvedra. mokiTxvis

da moferebis Semdeg iumoriT miTxra: Tu maTematikosi

unda gamosuliyavi, geografiis swavliT raRas iklavdi

Tavso, da keTili survilebiT damemSvidoba. am Sexved-

ris Semdeg male gavigeT misi gardacvalebis Sesaxeb.

RmerTma naTelSi amyofos misi suli.

202

SoTa beriZexixaZiris saSualo (amJamad sajaro) skolis

kursdamTavrebuli, pedagogi

zogierTi epizodis gaxsenebaCemi warsulidan

mareTis xeobaSi 1950-ian wlebSi saSualo skola,

uCambis garda, arsad ar funqcionirebda. uCamba ki Cemi

soflidan (darCiZeebidan) didi manZiliT, 30 km-iTaa da-

Sorebuli. amitom saSualo skolaSi swavlis gagrZe-

leba momixda xulos raionis xixaZiris saSualo sko-

laSi, romelic SedarebiT axlos iyo CvenTan. vcxov-

robdi saskolo internatSi.

im periodisaTvis xixaZiris saSualo skola Tavisi

xelmZRvanelebiT, kadrebiT da momTxovnelobiT ganTq-

muli iyo mTels aWaraSi. moswavleebma kargad vico-

diT, rom skolis direqtori, awgansvenebuli dimitri

xozrevaniZe, yovel gazafxulze, roca umaRles saswav-

lebelSi saxelmwifo gamocdebi damTavrdeboda, ganaT-

lebis saministrosTan SeTanxebiT, arCevda calkeuli

sagnis friadosan kursdamTavrebulebs da samuSaod

masTan xixaZirSi iwvevda. amitom xixaZiris skola yo-

velTvis warmatebuli iyo, Sedegi ki nayofieri. am sko-

lis yvela kursdamTavrebuli warCinebiT amTavrebda

sxvadasxva umaRles saswavlebels.

Cemi saSualo skolaSi sami wlis swavlis period-

Si ar maxsovs romelime maswavleblisadmi mqonoda si-

Zulvilis grZnoba: piriqiT, TiToeuli maswavlebeli-

sadmi yoveli moswavle pativiscemiTa da siyvarulis

grZnobiT viyaviT gamsWvaluli, xolo TviT maswavleb-

lebi moswavleebs ar gvaklebdnen momTxovneblobasa

da mSobliur zrunvas.

203

ai, isinic: dimitri xozrevaniZe (skolis direqto-

ri), aleqsandre miqelaZe, oTar oCigava, xasan sirabiZe,

skender bajeliZe, daviT Rlonti, daviT gogoZe, rezo

beraZe, aslan xaxutaiSvili da sxvebi.

sistematurad magondeba zogierTi epizodi calke-

ul maswavlebelze, romelic Cems cxovrebaSi Wkuasa

da muSaobaSi gamocdilebas mmatebda.

gansakuTrebiT gamovyofdi maswavlebel skender ba-

jeliZis mier Catarebul gakveTilebs geografiaSi. ro-

gorc wesi, gakveiTlebi geografiis kabinetSi gvitar-

deboda. skender maswavleblis gakveTilze moswavleebi

smenad viyaviT gadaqceulni. mas ostaturad SeeZlo

axali masalis axsnis periodSi rukasTan mdgariyo zu-

rgiT, joxiT moexaza da eCvenebina CvenTvis yvela is

wertili da kuTxe-kunWuli, rac rukaze iyo aRniSnuli

da mosaxazi. cxadia, Cven, moswavleebsac, analogiurad

Segvaswavla es forma da SegveZlo TiToeuls rukas-

Tan dgomisa da calkeuli detalis moxazva-CvenebiT

Cagvebarebina misTvis yoveli gakveTili.

moswavleTa gamoZaxebas gakveTilze im periodisaT-

vis TiToeuli maswavlebeli, saklaso JurnalTan er-

Tad, ubis wignakiT axdenda.

meore meoTxedi axali dawyebuli iyo (noemberi),

SabaT dilas gakveTilebis Semdeg wavedi sofelSi,

kvira dRes saRamos davbrundi Cemi soflidan xixaZir-

Si. manZili Cemi soflidan xixaZiramde daaxloebiT 30

km-ia. am gzis fexiT gavla, ra Tqma unda, damRleli

iyo, amitom gakveTilebis momzadeba veRar movaswari.

geografiis gakveTili ar mqonda wakiTxuli. me ki TiT-

qos darwmunebuli viyavi, rom gamoZaxeba ar miwevda.

Tavis gamoCenis mizniT gakveTilze xelis aweviT Se-

vawuxe skender maswavlebeli, raTa gamoveZaxebine. Tur-

204

me man SemamCnia, rom gakveTili ar mqonda naswavli.

gakveTilis axsnisaTvis cota dro iyo darCenili, ma-

gram mainc gamomiZaxa da `oriani~ damiwera.

meoTxedis dasrulebamde geografiaSi yovel gak-

veTils gansakuTrebulad vamzadebdi, vcdilobdi, ori-

ani gamomesworebina, magram ara da ar gamomiZaxa. dadga

meoTxedis dasasruli, vexvewebi gamomiZaxe, gamomkiTxe

mTeli meoTxedis masala-meTqi, magram mainc ar gamo-

miZaxa. roca meoTxeduri niSnebi gamogvicxades, geo-

grafiaSi niSani `xuTiani~ mewera, man ki dasZina _ `xom

gaswavle yvela gakveTili friadzeo.~ aseTi principu-

li iyo pativcemuli skenderi.

sakmaod didi xani iyo gasuli, skender maswavle-

bels rom aRar Sevxvedrivar. erT dRes mivdivar in-

stitutisaken. roca pionerTa parkis Sesasvlels gavc-

di, jibidan amoviRe sigareti – unda movukido da am

dros institutidan Cemken pirdapir momavali pativce-

muli skender maswavlebeli SevamCnie. momerida masTan

sigaretis moweva, daviwye mokidebuli sigaretis Caqro-

ba da misi gadagdeba, magram imdenad Semrcxva, rom

davibeni da droulad ver movaxerxe, ver movaswari

misi malulad gadagdeba. Cemi foriaqi Soridan kargad

SeamCnia skender maswavlebelma da daiwyo yvirili _

`ar gadaagdo, biWo, ar gadaagdo SoTao~, magram me Cemi

mainc Sevasrule. CemTan movida, gulTbilad visaubreT.

erTxel kidev gavixseneT skolis ambebi, bevri vicineT

im orianis Sesaxeb, romelzedac zemoT mqonda saubari.

gavixseneT pedagogiur sarbielze gaweuli moRvaweobis

zogierTi detali.

dResac kargi aRmzrdelisa da amagdari pedagogis,

pativcemuli skender bajeliZis mier gadmocemuli

codna da kacur-kacobis Tvisebebi Tan damyveba Cemi

cxovrebis gzaze.

205

levan surmaniZeeqimi-stomatologi,

yofili moswavle

Wiris gamziarebelic iyo

1956 wels davamTavre vernebis 7-wliani (SemdgomSi

saSualo, da amJamad sajaro) skola da swavla gan-

vagrZe xixaZiris saSualo skolaSi, sadac skolis di-

reqtorad brZandeboda cnobili pedagogi, kargi sko-

laTmcodne, disciplinis moyvaruli da momTxovni pi-

rovneba, sulmnaTi dimitri xozrevaniZe, xolo saswav-

lo nawilis gamge gaxldaT skender bajeliZe. aqedan

daiwyo Cemi da Cemi dRevandeli ojaxis nacnoboba aw-

gansvenebul skender maswavlebelTan.

mosagonari bevri kargi maqvs, magram SevCerdebi or

momentze. xixaZiris klubSi moitanes kinofilmi `bato-

ni 420~. organizebuli wesiT es kino vnaxeT skolis

moswavleebmac da maswavleblebmac. filmi, gansakuTre-

biT musika, Zalian mogvewona. es filmi Semdeg waiRes

sofel kaloTaSi (Tanaklasel amiran mamulaZis so-

felSi). me da amiranma movilaparakeT da unebarTvod

wavediT kaloTaSi am filmis ganmeorebiT sanaxavad im

angariSiT, rom saRamos amiranTan davrCebodiT, diliT

adre ki, sauzmis dawyebamde CamovidodiT internatSi.

gvian saRamos da adre diliT Semowmeba xdeboda

aRmzrdelis mier, an direqtori movidoda sistematu-

rad da Tanac ise, rom ver gavigebdiT mis internatSi

Semosvlas. swored im dilas direqtoris mosvlas da-

emTxva Cveni kaloTidan Camosvla. SegvamCia, `ga-mog-

viWira~ da internatidan gagvricxa. me da amirani dav-

diodiT vernebidan, amitom Zalian gagviWirda. vswav-

206

lobdiT kargad, magram soflidan siarulma uaryofi-

Tad imoqmeda Cvens niSnebzec.

rogorc megobarma, mamaCemma sTxova skender maswav-

lebels Suamdgomloba direqtorTan Cveni internatSi

dabrunebis Taobaze. marTlac, skender maswavleblis

SuamdgomlobiT dagvabrunes internatSi, direqtorma

danaSauli gvapatia skender maswavleblis Tandaswre-

biT, iqve gviTxra, patara Secdomas an danaSauls Tu

miCqmalav, apatieb moswavles, maSin is did danaSauls

Caidenso. Cven piroba miveciT, rom aseT rames ar gavi-

meorebdiT da marTlac, analogiur saqciels adgili

aRarasdros hqonia.

direqtori Zalian mkacri da momTxovni iyo. axla

vambobT, rom is marTali iyo, rogorc Cveni `damsje-

li~, skender maswavlebeli ki Cveni mSveleli da gada-

mrCeneli. orive didi pedagogi brZandeboda. RmerTma

acxonos isini.

gavixseneb kidev erT moments.

1978 wels gardamecvala meuRle - naTela vardosa-

niZe, romelic Cemi Tanaklaseli iyo (maSin daba CaqvSi

viyaviT sacxovreblad gadasuli). am tragikul dRes,

saidan gaigo, ver getyviT, movida Cvens ojaxSi skender

maswavlebeli da Tanadgoma gamogvicxada, Cemi mwuxare-

ba gaiziara. gana marto man? da mxolod maSin? is Sem-

deg dReebSic xSirad gamoivlida ojaxSi, an samsaxur-

Si, momikiTxavda, damamSvidebda, damarigebda da wav-

idoda. ra Tqma unda, Zalian yuradRebiani, Tbili da

gulisxmieri maswavleb-lis saubari, rCeva-darigeba da

Tanadgoma malamosaviT mamSvidebda, Tu am dros SeiZ-

leba damSvidebaze saubari. es iyo misi moraluri Ta-

nadgoma. tirili xalx-mravlobiT fasdeba, Torem sik-

vdili yvelas xvedria, `ver daiWiravs sikvdilsa, gza

viwro, verca kldovani~.

RmerTma naTelSi amyofos misi suli.

207

mexuTe ganyofileba

vasrulebT skender maswavleblisànderZs~

anderZi iseTi Txovnaa, unda Sesruldes.

mcire ganmartebisTvis

anderZi iuridiuli terminia. is aRiarebulia rog-

orc saxelmwifo samarTalSi, ise religiur kanonmdeb-

lobaSi.

sityva ànderZi~ qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsi-

konSi warmodgenilia ramdenime aspeqtiT. erT-erTi ase-

Tia: `darigeba, miTiTeba, romelsac utoveben Tanamoaz-

reebs~. anderZi, rogorc wesi, unda Sesruldes meander-

Zis sikvdils Semdeg.

anderZis Seusrulebloba ar SeiZleba, zogierTi

gamonaklisis garda. anderZis Sesrulebaze uaris Tqma,

an misi Secvla (Tu qonebriv sakuTrebas ar exeba) daS-

vebulia mxolod maSin, roca misi SesrulebiT zian-

deba meanderZe, fuWdeba misi avtoriteti, ikargeba misi

Rvawli, amagi da kvali naTeli.

ratom dagvWirda es termini? saidan gaCnda ander-

Zi?

ra Tqma unda, skender maswavlebels CvenTvis, yo-

fil moswavleebisTvis, oficialuri anderZi ar dau-

tovebia, an ra hqonda CvenTvis saanderZo?

erT-erTi Sexvedris dros skender maswavlebelma

ikiTxa: Tqven wignebs werT (man es icoda, yovel gam-

oSvebul wigns vCuqnidiT). ra hqeniT, daamTavreT wera

208

Tu agrZelebT kidev? pasuxis mosmenis Semdeg mogvca

ramdenimegverdiani dabeWdili masala saTauriT `brZnu-

li Segonebani, keTili rCevebi~ da gviTxra, waikiTxeT,

Tqvenc mogewonebaT, Tu axal wigns werT, Tematurad

Tu ukavSirdeba, es masalac rom SeitanoT wignSi, kar-

gi iqnebao.

ra iyo es masala?

batoni skenderi bevrs kiTxulobda, pensiaSi gasv-

lis Semdeg ufro meti dro hqonda amisaTvis. mas gan-

sakuTrebiT moswonda aRzrdis Temaze dawerili wig-

nebi. erT-erTi aseTi iyo sparsuli klasikuri mwer-

lobis TvalsaCino Zegli, amir ansar qei-qausis didaq-

tikuri Txzuleba, `yabus-name~ (darigebaTa wigni) _ me-

11 saukunis sparsuli literaturis erT-erTi sayur-

adRebo nawarmoebi, romelSic avtori iZleva cnobebs

istoriuli sazogadoebrivi yofis iseT sakiTxebze, ro-

goricaa: stumarmaspinZloba, colis SerTva, Svilebis

aRzrda, Rvinis sma, cxovrebis wesebi, Sromisa da

vaWrobis eTika da sxva.

`yabus-name~ Sedgeba 44 karisgan. XVII saukuneSi me-

fe-mwignobarma vaxtang VI-m Targmna aRniSnuli wignis

11 kari da gamosca saTauriT àmirnasariani,~ jer pro-

zad, Semdeg ki leqsad, Cven droSi ki (1978 w.) gamoqveyn-

da misi sruli Targmani.

wignis zneobriv-didaqtikuri mxare _ ZiriTadi Si-

naarsi keTili rCeva-darigebani imdenad mniSvnelovania

da sasargeblo yvela TaobisaTvis, rom mefe-mwignobar-

ma amisaTvis dro monaxa da igi Targmna mSobliur ena-

ze. es wigni saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis same-

cniero-sagamomcemlo sabWos dadgenilebiT 1978 wels

kvlav gamoica 20 000 tiraJiT.

209

miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, wigni bibliografiul iS-

viaTobad iqca. aWaraSi igi arc erT biblioTekaSi ar

aris. Cvens maswavlebels, profesional didaqtikoss,

moewona avtoris darigebani aRzrdis Temaze, amowera

sakmaod bevri adgili saTauriT `brZnuli Segonebani.

keTili rCevebi.~ _ raki `yabus-name~ bibliografiul

iSviaTobad iqca, minda mkiTxvelisaTvis xelmisawvdomi

gaxdes skender maswavleblis mier gamorCeuli es

brZnuli Segonebani. ìs daexmareba mSoblebs, peda-

gogebs - Svilebis, momavali Taobis aRzrdaSi~, _ wer-

da skender maswavlebeli TandarTul werilSi.

skender maswavlebeli imeorebs `yabus-names~ avto-

ris sityvebs: ìmedi maqvs, rom es sasargeblo iqneba da

kmayofilebas agrZnobinebs Semqmnelsac da wamkiTxvel-

sac, gadamwersac da msmenelsac~ ... `moiZebnebian adamia-

nebi, romlebic elian xelsayrel SemTxvevas, es da-

rigebani moisminon da saqmeSi gamoiyenon~.

naTqvamia, ufrosis Txovna brZanebaze ufro Zli-

eriao. maswavleblis Txovna CvenTvis davalebaze meti

iyo. samwuxarod, es Txovna mis sicocxleSi ver Se-

vasruleT. axla, misi gardacvalebis Semdeg, masze da-

werili wignis boloSi warmovadgineT es masala

`maswavleblis ànderZis~ saxelwodebiT.

210

brZnuli Segonebani, keTili rCevebi

mama Svils mimarTavs:

am wuTisoflidan Cemi xvedri es sityvebia, xolo

CemTvis yvelaze Zvirfasi Sen xar. me ganvemzade imqveynad

gasamgzavreblad, Sen ki gamogigzavne is, rac wilad mxvda

(dawerili wigni `yabux-name~).

mamas didi simdidre ar hqonda. mxolod es wigni, ro-

melSic mravali darigebaa, dautova Svils qonebad,

cxovrebaSi saxelmZRvanelod. es darigebani yvela Svili-

saTvis sasargeblo ram aris, miT ufro Tanamedrove

globalur epoqaSi.

_ Cvenma Semoqmedma isurva, qveyana rom ayvavebuli

yofiliyo, STamomavlobiTi unari daawesa da mSobelTa

cxoveluri vneba gaxada sababi memkvidris gaCenisa, _

moZRvravs mama Svils.

_ raki gagaCina, mSobels pativi unda sce.

_ mSobeli Suamavalia Sensa da Semoqmeds Soris.

_ dedebi da mamebi winamZRolebi arian.

_ mSoblis gulis zrunvas abuCad nu aigdeb, radgan

Semoqmedi mSoblis mxares daiWers. mSoblebs rom winas-

warmetyvelis xnobamde ecxovraT, winaswarmetyveli val-

debuli iqneboda isini Tavis Tavze maRla daeyenebina, maT

winaSe qedi moexara da Svilis Sesaferisad moqceuliyo,

maSin es sityvebi umweo iqneboda: `me var meufe adamis Svi-

lebisa~. amitom Semoqmedma winaswarmetyvelis mSoblebis

sikvdili daawesa. aqedan gamomdinare, saerTod mSoblis

sikvdili kanonad iqca.

_ Tu Sen mSoblebs sarwmunoebrivi TvalsazrisiT ar

miudgebi, Seni adamianobiT miudeqi.

_ gamorCenas nu eZeb da mSoblebs ise moepyari, ro-

gorc amas Sen Svilebisagan moeli.

211

_ adamiani nayofis msgavsia, mSoblebi xisa. xes rac

ufro kargad mouvli, nayofsac kargad gamoiRebs. Tu

mSoblebs meti ridiT da krZalviT moepyrobi, maTi locva-

kurTxeva male sasurvel Sedegs gamoiRebs da uzenaesi da

uwmindesi RvTis wyalobas dauaxlovdebi.

_ memkvidreobis gulisaTvis mamis sikvdili ar isurvo,

mSoblebis sikvdilis gareSec miiReb Sens wilxvedrs.

yvela imas miiRebs, rac bedisweriT gekuTvnis, sakuTari

wilisaTvis Tavs Zalian nu Seiwuxeb, radgan amiT wili ar

gaizrdeba. naTqvamia: `icxovre mokrZalebiT da ara gam-

oZalviT.~

_ Tu gsurs Seni wilxvedriT RvTis madlieri iyo,

darwmunebisTvis Sexede mas, visi mdgomareobac Sens yofaze

uaresia, raTa mudam RvTis madlieri iyo.

_ Tu qonebiT Raribi iqnebi, ecade gonebiT mdidari

iyo. goneba qonebaze ukeTesia. WkuiT SeiZleba simdidre

daagrovo, simdidriT ki Wkuas ver SeiZen. uWkuo kaci male

daRaribdeba. Wkvianis qonebas ki verc qurdi moitacebs da

verc wyali da cecxli gaanadgurebs. Tu Wkua mogeZeveba,

ganaTldi, radgan goneba ganaTlebis gareSe igivea, rac

kaci samosis gareSe, adamiani saxis gareSe da sxeuli sulis

gareSe. naTqvamia: `ganaTleba gonebis saxeao.~

codnis fasi

_ uswavleli kaci mudam usargebloa xesaviT, romel-

sac totebi aqvs, magram Crdili ar gaaCnia.

_ kaci codniT fasdeba da ara gvariSvilobiT.

_ ecade piradi Rirsebac gagaCndes, radgan piradi

Rirseba STamomavlobiT Rirsebaze umjobesia.

212

_ sityvas Tu sibrZnis surneli ar asdis, jobs uTqmeli

darCes.

_ sityva Rvinos hgavs: man SeiZleba Tavi gatkinos da

Tavis tkivilis wamladac gamodges.

_ Tu ar gekiTxebian, nu ilaparakeb.

_ uxams saubars eride da Tu rames gekiTxebian, swo-

rad upasuxe.

_ vidre ar gTxoven, rCeva-darigebas nuravis miscem,

miT umetes Temaze, romlebzedac darigeba ar Wris.

_ sxvebis TandaswrebiT nuravis daarigeb. naTqvamia,

xalxis TandaswrebiT vinmesTvis Wkuis swavleba lanZRvas

udris.

_ rogorc keTil sityvas ar daiSureb, aseve nu dai-

Sureb SeZlebisdagvarad saCuqris gakeTebas. xalxi

saCuqriT ufro ixibleba, vidre sityviT.

_ saeWvo adgilebs eride. avismzraxveli da uzneo

megobrisagan Tavi Sors daiWire da sakuTari Tavis mteri

nu iqnebi.

_ iseT adgilebSi iare, rom, Tu Zebnas dagiwyeben da

mogagneben, ar Segrcxves.

_ xalxis ubedureba nu gagaxarebs, raTa xalxs Seni

ubedureba ar gauxardes.

_ samarTlianad moiqeci da samarTlianad mogeqcevian.

_ kargi Tqvi, raTa kargi moismino.

_ mwir miwaze nurafers dasTes, radgan verafers moim-

ki.

_ kargs kargiT miuzRe da keTilis maswavlebeli iyavi.

_ roca adamians sikeTes moutan, is sikeTe Senc imave

zomiT gargebs, razedac im kacs argo. Tu vinmes mimarT bo-

rotebas Caiden, Senc iseve Sewuxdebi, rogorc isini.

_ Tu vinmes datanjav, Senc daitanjebi.

213

_ Tu Sen raime ar gsiamovnebs, imiT sxvas ver asiamov-

neb.

_ sikeTisa da borotebis sazRaurs amqveynad miiReb,

vidre imqveynad waxvidode.

_ vidre SegiZlia, adamianisaTvis sikeTes nu daiSureb,

radgan sikeTe bolos nayofs gamoiRebs.

_ eniT erTs nu ityvi da guliT meores nu iqm. nu dae-

mgvanebi iseT gamyidvels, romelic xorblis nacvlad Wvavs

SemogaCeCebs.

_ yovel saqmeSi Sen iyavi Seni Tqmis msajuli, radgan

vinc sakuTar Tavs gansjis, mas msajuli ar dasWirdeba.

_ Seni av-kargi iseT kacs uTxar, romelic Sens bedsa

da ubedobas gaiziarebs.

_ mwuxarebas da bednierebas yvelas nu gaumxel.

_ yovelgvari kargi Tu cudi ambavi maSinve nu gaga-

mxiarulebs da nu Segawuxebs, radgan es bavSvuri saq-

cielia.

_ moTminebidan nurasdros gamoxval _ brZenT arc

simarTle aRelvebT da arc sicrue.

_ Tu bednierebas mwuxareba mosdevs, bednierebad nu

CaTvli, aseve, gaWirvebas Tu dalxineba mosdevs, gaWir-

vebad nu miiCnev.

_ ubedobis dros ufro meti simtkice gmarTebs.

_ vidre pirSi suli gidgas, simarTlis gzas nu daagdeb.

_ Tu vinme SegekamaTeba, dumiliT Seawyvetine layboba.

_ icode, ybeds mxolod munji daRlis.

_ yvelas uflebas pativi eci, gansakurTebiT ki ax-

loblebisas.

_ moxuci ojaxSi igivea, rac winaswarmetyveli

sakrebuloSi.

_ Zlier sasargebloa codnis SeTviseba da sizarmacis

gamo sxeuls dasji.

214

_ sizarmace tanis Wiaao.

_ sakuTari sxeuli iZulebiT unda moToko da survi-

lisamebr daimorCilo, radgan vinc sakuTar sxeuls ver

daimoCilebs, igi verc codnas SeiZens.

_ Tu sxeuls daimorCileb, saaqao da saiqio sasufe-

vels daimkvidreb.

_ yovelgvari sikeTis safuZveli codna, morCileba,

RvTismosaoba, Tavmdabloba, samarTlianoba da mokrZale-

baa.

_ mokrZaleba sarwmunoebis navsayudeliao, magram

mokrZalebas xSirad adamianisTvis zianic moaqvs.

_ iseTi mokrZalebuli nu iqnebi, rom amiT Sens saqmes

avno da ukuRma waiyvano.

_ zogjer mouridebladac unda moiqce, Tu gsurs, rom

mizans miaRwio.

_ eride mxolod bilwsityvaobas, sulmokleobas,

sicrues, urwmunoebas.

_ qvelmoqmedebas moklebul ganaTlebul adamians ga-

naTlebulad nu miiCnev.

_ nu isaubreb uvicTan, gansakurebiT mkvexarasTan.

_ mxolod saxelovan xalxTan isaubre, masTan iqonie

urTierToba. amiT karg saxels moixveW.

_ Tu vinme daxmarebas gTxovs, xels nu hkrav, radgan

mas Tavisi gaWirvebac eyofa.

_ Aqvelmoqmedeba da kacTmoyvareoba saqvelmoqmedo

miznad gaixade da cud Cvevebs moeride.

_ zedmetad xelgaSlili nu iqnebi, radgan amis Sedegad

sazrunavi mogemateba _ es ki damcirebamde migiyvans.

_ ecade mxolod ganswavluli xalxis qeba daimsaxuro,

radgan uvicTa da mdabioTa Seqeba saTakiloa.

_ roca suleli an uvici gaqebs, maSin misi Wkuis mosa-

woni sisulele gaqvs Cadenili.

215

_ ficxi da mkvaxe nu iqnebi, momTmeni iyav, magram iseTi

lbilic nu iqnebi, silbos gamo gadagylapon. iseTi uxeSic

nu iqnebi, verasdros TiTi ver dagakaron.

_ yvela rjulis xalxTan kargi damokidebuleba iqo-

nie, radgan keTili ganwyobiT SegiZlia miaRwio sawadels

mtrebTanac da moyvrebTanac.

_ borotebas nuravis nu STaagoneb, radgan vinmesTvis

borotebis STagoneba igivea, rac borotebis Cadena.

_ Tu vinme daumsaxureblad Seuracxyofas mogayenebs,

ecade, samagiero ar gadauxado.

_ adamianobis safuZveli mxolod saTnoobaa da Tu ka-

ci xar, saTno iyavi.

_ adamianma sarkeSi unda Caixedos: Tu misi saxe momxi-

blavia, maSin misi saqmec saxesaviT lamazi unda iyos. Tu

sarkeSi Caixedavs da dainaxavs, rom maxinjia, keTili saqme

unda gaaorkecos, radgan Tu siaves Caidens, avs avi moema-

teba da orive erTad ubedureba iqneba.

_ rCeva-darigeba mxolod gulwrfeli megobrebisgan

unda miiRo da mrCevlebs yovelTvis ganmartoebiT eTaT-

bire.

_ roca vinmes sityvebs waikiTxav da Seiswavli, codna

nu gagaampartavnebs da nu ifiqreb yvelaferi Seviswavleo,

Tavi mainc uswavlelad CaTvale. naswavli mxolod maSin

iqnebi, roca sakuTari codnis simcires Seigneb.

_ rCevis miRebas nu iTakileb, rCevis misaRebad ga-

mocdil moxucebsa da erTgul megobrebTan iTaTbire.

_ icode, erTi kacis azri orisas ver gautoldeba.

_ cali TvaliT SeuZlebelia dainaxo is, rasac orive

TvaliT dainaxav.

_ Tu Sens axlobels raime SeemTxveva, mis dasaxmareb-

lad nurc Tavs dazogav da nurc fuls.

216

_ mtersac rom daexmaro da gaWirvebisgan ixsna, mosa-

lodnelia, rom mteri megobrad geqces.

_ ganaTlebuli da mWevrmetyveli adamianis salami

daafase da maT pativiscemiT moepyari, raTa isini Sens

salams ufro eSurebodnen.

_ yvelaze sawyali isaa, visac aravin esalmeba.

_ mWevrmetyvel xalxTan molaybe nu iqnebi, radgan

naswavl kacs layboba ar uxdeba.

_ saubris wesebi da misi av-kargi unda Seiswavlo.

saubris av-kargisaTvis

_ saTqmeli oTxi saxisaa: erTia sityva, romelic arc

unda icode, arc unda Tqva; meore _ romelic unda icode

da kidec unda Tqva; mesame _ romelic unda Tqva da ar unda

icode; meoTxe _ romelic unda icode da ar unda Tqva.

pirveli _ is aris, romelic sarwmunoebas moutans zi-

ans.

meore _ isaa, romelTanac dakavSirebulia qveynisa da

sarwmunoebis sikeTe da romelic am qveynadac gamogadgeba

da im qveynadac, misi Tqma da mosmena mTqmelsac argebs da

gamgonesac.

mesame _ isaa, romelic Seni batonis (ufrosis) an mego-

bris nakls gamoxatavs, an SariaTiTac ar SeiZleba. aseTi

sityva batonis (ufrosis) risxvas iwvevs, an megobris siZu-

lvilis, an ayal-mayalis SiSi geqneba.

meoTxe _ isaa, romelic saRvTo wignebisa da moci-

qulTa ambebs Seexeba.

am oTxi sityvidan umjobesia is, romelic sacodne-

licaa da saTqmelic.

217

_ sityva, romliTac xalxs mimarTav, rac SeiZleba kar-

gad gamoTqvi, raTa damajerebeli iyos da xalxma Seni

Rirseba Seicnos.

_ brZenT uTqvamT: yovel sityvaSi kaci imalebao.

_ zogierTi sTqmels ise ityvis, suls gagimwarebs,

maSin, roca igive SeiZleba iseTnairad iTqvas, rom suli

gaginaTdes.

_ sityva yovlisSemZlea. igi zecisgan movlenili Zalaa.

sityva yovelTvis zusti mniSvnelobiT ixmare da nu daamax-

injeb, raTa mexsierebas ziani ar miayeno.

_ rasac ambob, naTlad gamoTqvi da uazrod nu ikamaT-

eb. yvela kamaTSi sabuTi gaazviade, xolo sakamaTo

daamcire.

_ rac ar ici, imaze Tavs nu gamoideb da aseTi codniT

lukma-puris Sovnas nu apireb.

_ rac ar ici, miT verafers moipoveb.

_ Tu Sen sityvas gasavali ar eqneba, msmenels survi-

lisamebr elaparake, raTa xaTabalas uvneblad daaRwio

Tavi.

_ mWevrmetyvelic rom iyo, SesaZleblobaze naklebad

gamoavline, raTa Sua saubarSi mSralze ar darCe.

_ mravlismcodne da mciredis moubari iyavi da ara

mciredis mcodne da mravlis moubari.

_ naTqvamia, dumili sibrZnea, layboba sisulele.

_ lazRandaras, ginda WkuiT savse iyos, xalxi uWkuod

CaTvlis, xolo roca uWkuo kaci Cumad aris, mis siCumes

didi Wkuis simbolod miiCneven.

_ rac unda wminda da umanko iyo, Tavis qebas nu

moyvebi, rac unda bevri icode, mxolod is Tqvi, rac

saWiroa, raTa Senma sityvam gansacdelSi ar Cagagdos.

_ icxovre ise, rogorc Sens wminda gvars Seefereba,

Seni modgma didia da saxelovani, msoflios mpyrobeli

218

mefeebis monaTesave xar da raime xelobiT lukmapuri

iSove.

avtori iyenebs or xerxs, erTi rom uSualod Svils

mimarTavs darigebiT da meore _ mimarTavs saerTod axal-

gazrdobas, yvelas.

mefe Tu ar iqnebi, maSin vaWroba airCie, an musikosi

iyavi, an mkurnalobas mohkide xli, an soflis meurneoba

Seiswavle da sxva.

xelobis Seswavlas Svils nuravin dauSlis. es nuravis

eTakileba, radgan vaJkacoba da didgvarovneba xSirad

fuWia.

mama Svils asakis Taviseburebebs acnobs:

_ kacs ocdaTxuTmet wlamde yovel dRes emateba Zal-

Rone, 35-40 wlamde, rogorc aris, ise rCeba. arc iklebs,

arc imatebs.

_ mzec xom asea, cis Suaguls miuaxlovdeba Tu ara,

svlas Seanelebs, vidre Casvlas ar daiwyebs.

_ 40-dan 50 wlamde adamiani yovel wels sxeulSi iseT

nakls SeamCnevs, rogoric wina wels ar SeumCnevia.

_ 50-dan 60 wlamde yovelTviurad iseT naoWs aRmo-

aCens, romlis msgavsi wina TveSi ar unaxavs.

_ 60-dan 70 wlamde yovel kviras iseT tkivils

igrZnobs, rogorc wina kviraSi ar ugemnia.

_ 70-dan 80 wlamde yoveldRiurad iseTi seni

daeufleba, rogoric wina dRiT ar ganucdia.

... da Tu 80-s gadaabija, yovel saaTSi iseTi tkivili da

urva Seipyrobs, rogorc erTi saaTis win ar hqonia.

_ gana kmayofili iqneba is adamiani, romelsac yovel

saaTSi axali satkivari da urva miemZlavreba? cxovrebis

219

lazaTis zRvari 40 welia. Tumc kibe ormocsafexuriania,

raki TavSi axval, sxvagan wasasvlel gzas veRar ipovi. ra

gziTac axvedi, igive gziT unda Camoxvide.

_ Svilo Cemo, sibereze wuwuni gavigrZele, radgan is

Zlier mawuxebs. sibere Cemi mteria da mterze Tu samduravs

vambob, ra gasakviria.

_ beiTi (orstriqoniani leqsi)

ratom gikvirs, Tu siberis gamo movTqvam,

dardad mawevs, dards ki kvnesa mouxdeba.

_ siberis simware moxucze ukeT aravin icis.

Svilo Cemo!

_ ecade, siberis Jams erT adgilas dasaxlde, radgan

sibereSi xetiali veraferi sibrZnea, gansakuTrebiT, Rari-

bisaTvis.

_ sibere da gaWirveba _ orive mteria da ori mtris

TanxlebiT mogzaurobas ki WkuaTmyofeli kaci ver ga-

bedavs. Tu mogzauroba aucilebelia da saxlidan Sors

waxval, Tanac Tu am mogzaurobaSi raime sikeTes naxav, es

umjobesia, vidre kerasTan jdoma. maSin saxlisken nu gam-

oswev da sadac Sesafer saqmes naxav, iq dasaxldi da sam-

Soblodac is CaTvale, sadac gageZlebineba.

_ naTqvamia, samSoblo meore dedaao. magram es Sen nu

gafiqrebinebs, ifiqre mxolod Seni saqmeebis ayvavebaze,

bednierebs TviT bedniereba eZebs, ubedurebs _ samSoblo.

_ roca dainaxav, rom Seni saqmeebi kargad midis da

xelT sarfiani saqme Caigde, ecade, es saqmianoba kargad

aiTviso. roca saqmeebSi warmatebas miaRwev, zedmetis Zeb-

nas nu daiwyeb, radgan metis gamodevnebaSi SeiZleba sul

carieli darCe. kargad Senaxuli nivTis ufro kargad Se-

220

naxvas nu ecdebi, raTa ukeTesi adgilis ZebnaSi isic ar da-

kargo. cxovrebas amaod nu gaatareb, Tavi rigianad dai-

Wire!

_ sxeuli sadgomia, suli ki mdgmuri.

_ suls sami Tviseba axasiaTebs: cxovelmyofeloba,

moZraoba da simsubuqe.

_ sxeulsac sami Tviseba aqvs, sikvdili, simSvide da

simZime.

_ qonebas Zunwis garda nuravis miabareb da yomarba-

zebs da loTebs nu endobi.

_ yvela kaci qurdad igule, raTa Seni qoneba

qurdisgan daculi iyos.

_ Tu ufro meti fuli geqneba, miwa iyide, radgan rasac

miwas daaxarjav, ukanve miiReb da qonebac mudam erT

adgilze geqneba.

_ yovelgvari gaWirvebis dros vals nu daideb, Sens

nivTebs nu daagiraveb da, ra Tqma unda, sagvareuloSi

oqros nu gascem.

_ vidre SeZleb, nurc simarTleze daificeb da nurc

sicrueze.

_ zogjer erTi nakli aTas Rirsebas Crdilavs da erTi

Rirseba aTas nakls faravs.

_ adamianis cnoba mxolod gamWriaxobiT da dakvir-

vebiT SeiZleba.

_ gamWriaxobis unari mTlianad winaswarmetyvelur

unars ganekuTneba. mis arss veravin Cawvdeba, garda

mociqulisa.

_ Tu adamians sinjav, pirvelad saxes unda miaqcio

yuradReba, radgan saxe yovelTvis daufaravia, tani ki xan-

daxan. Semdeg Tval-warbSi Sexede, mere cxvirsa da tuC-

kbilebs daakvirdi, bolos Tma SeuTvaliere. bunebam ada-

mianis saTnoeba Tval-warbSi moaqcia, sikoxtave _ cxvirSi,

221

sitkboeba – tuC-kbilSi, sinaze _ kanSi. Tma ki yovelive

amis Sesamkobad daawesa, viTarca samkauli. Tu Tval-

warbSi saTnoeba aqvs, tuC-kbilSi sitkboeba, cxviri koxta

aqvs, kani ki qorfa, aseTi adamiani kacia. danarCeni ide-

alebi nu gagitacebs, Tu mTliani ise ar iqneba, koxta mainc

unda iyos.

_ ulamazo mimzidveli sjobs, sikoxtaves moklebul

lamazs.

_ sami ram aris udidesi ubedureba: 1. cudi mezobeli; 2.

Seufrebeli coli; 3. xelmokleoba.

* * *_ Tu odesme xelmZRvaneli iqnebi, RvTisnieri iyavi....

Tvali da xeli sxvisi haramxanisken nu gageqceva, uzneo nu

iqnebi.

_ zneobrivi sispetake sarwmuneobis siwmindea.

_ yovel saqmeSi Seni gulisTqma gulisxmas daumor-

Cile.

_ vidre dayovnebis saSualeba gaqvs, nu aCqardebi.

_ vidre saqmes Seudgebi, dasawyisSi gaarkvie, rogor

daasrulo es saqme.

_ Tu saqmes bolos ver unaxav, nuRar daiwyeb.

_ yovel saqmeSi lmobieri iyavi da Tu saqme lmo-

bierebiT keTdeba, sxvagvarad nu moiqcevi.

_ usamarTlobas nu moiTmen, yoveli sityva da saqme

simarTlis TvaliT ganWvrite, raTa SegeZlos simarTlis

garCeva sicruisgan.

_ mudam simarTles RaRadebde; cota ilaparake da cota

icine, raTa xelqveiTebi ar gagiTamamdnen.

_ naTqvamia, xelmZRvanelisaTvis yvelaze uaresi

qveSevrdomTa Tavxedoba da axlobelTa urCobaao.

222

_ yovelTvis didebuli gamometyveleba SeinarCune,

raTa qveSevrdomTa TvalSi fasi ar dakargo.

_ Senianebis sicocxles gaufrTxildi da sxvis mimarT

mowyale iyavi.

_ ulmobelTa mimarT lmobierebas nu gamoiCen da maT

mimarT sastiki iyavi.

_ nu gaSinaurdebi da yovel wams saCivrisTvis nu

mimarTav.

_ Tu Seni moadgile Tu TanaSemwe vinmes Sesaxeb raimes

CagawveTebs yurSi, an raimes girCevs, mousmine, magram

pasuxs maSinve nu gascem, uTxari: jer davakvirdeT da

Semdeg rogorc saWiro iqneba, ise gadavwyvitav-Tqo. vinmes

am saqmis gamoZieba ubrZane, gaige, SenTvis eZebs sikeTes,

Tu TavisTvis da, roca yvelafers garkvev, saTanado pasuxi

gaeci, raTa man ususurad ar CagTvalos.

_ axalgazrda iqnebi Tu moxuci, yovelTvis moxuci

vaziri gyavdes... am Tanamdebobas axalgazrdas nu uboZeb,

radgan naTqvamia: moxucma unda gauwios laSqars

sardloba. Wabuki, ragind daostatdes, Wabukad darCeba.

_ Tu moxuci iqnebi, uxerxulia, moxucs axalgazrdam

misces rCeva, xolo Tu Senc axalgazrda iqnebi da Seni

vaziric, orives axalgazrduli cecxli erTad aigzneba da

am SeerTebuli cecxliT qveyana gadaiwveba.

_ vaziri unda iyos saxieri, darbaiseli, axovani, war-

mosadegi da grZelwvera.

_ Tu gsurs rom arxeinad iyo, saqme unarian kacs daa-

vale.

223

RmerTsa vTxov SenTvis yvela sikeTes,Svilo:

_ saqme mas ande, vinc Segisrulebs, mama Svils, momaval

mefes, mimarTavs darigebiT:

_ Tu vinmes mimarT keTilad xar ganwyobili da misi

pativiscema ginda, Tanadgomis gacemis gareSec SegiZlia

yovelgvari sikeTe uwyalobo, Tu Seni umecrebis damtkice-

ba ar gsurs, nu miscem mas Seuferebel Tanamdebobas.

_ Seni xelmZRvanelobis dros brZanebis aTvalwunebis

nebas nuravis miscem, Torem Senc agiTvalwuneben.

_ xelmZRvanelobis mTeli siamovneba mbrZaneblobaa.

es rom ar yofiliyo, maSin xelmZRvaneli da qveSevrdomi

erTi iqneboda. xelmZRvaneli mbrZanebelia, qveSevrdomi _

aRmasrulebeli.

_ vilaieTi ise marTe, rom Seni brZanebebi srulde-

bodes, anda masze xeli aiRe, raTa iseTma kacma marTos, vis

brZanebebsac Seasruleben.

_ qveynis wesrigi damokidebulia brZanebis Sesru-

lebaze da Tu brZaneba ar sruldeba, qveyanaSi uwesrigoba

iCens Tavs.

_ brZanebis Sesruleba ki marTlmsajulebis gareSe

SeuZlebelia.

_ Tu gsurs, rom saqmeebi win wavides, marTlmsaju-

lebas nu moaduneb.

_ sardalma laSqars xelqveiTebze mbrZaneblobis

ufleba ar unda misces, radgan es qveyanas daaqcevs.

_ laSqarze rom zrunav, xalxzec iseve izrune. mefe

xelmZRvaneli mzis daria. ar egebis, rom man zogierTs

mohfinos sxivebi, zogs ki ara.

_ qveynis amSenebeli xalxia, radgan igia Semosavlis

wyaro.

224

_ ukanonobas gulSi nu gaivleb.

_ marTlmsajuli mefis sasaxle didxans iqneba aRmar-

Tuli, boroti mefis simaRle ki male daemxoba.

_ marTlmsajuleba ayvavebaa, usamarTloba _ gavera-

neba.

_ ise ar gaicino, rom yvela kbili gamogiCndes.

_ mrisxanebis dros uSveri sityviT aravis mimarTo.

_ ecade, mefobam, Tanamdebobam, Tavbru ar dagaxvios.

_ eqvs Tvisebas nu ugulebelhyof: simtkices (momTme-

neloba, avt.), marTlmsajulebas, guluxvobas, gamosar-

Clebas, sidarbaisles, simarTlis Tqmas. am eqvsidan ro-

melimes Tu daiviwyeb, mefoba, Tanamdeboba male Tavbrus

dagaxvevs. Tavbrudaxveuli mefe Tu Tanamdebobis piri,

maSin gamofxizldeba, roca xelisuflebas dakargavs.

_ mefobis dros dainteresdi qveynis saqmeebiT.

_ mefem Tu Tanamdebobis pirma ar unda dalios imdeni

Rvino, rom banidan Camosvla ver SeZlos.

_ Sen Seni qveynis Sesaxeb yvelaferi unda icode. esec

ar kmara, sxva qveynebis Sesaxebac unda icode, rom isic

icode, emegobro Tu emtero.

_ vinc gamarjvebas iparavs, is mefe ar aris (aleq-

sandre makedoneli).

_ gamarjveba gonebiT, an brZoliT unda moigo sa-

brZolo moedanze.

_ mefobis Jams mieCvie didi saqmeebis keTebas.

_ sulmdabal mefes Tu Tanamdebobis pirs dideba ar

ergeba.

_ mefe yvelaze didia da amitom misi sityva da saqme

yvelaze didebuli unda iyos, raTa didi saxeli moixveWos.

_ didebas da saxels didi saqmiTa da sityviT aRweven.

225

miwis muSakisaTvis

_ Tu miwa geqneba, sasoflo saqmeebis dro daiswavle

da icode, saqmeSi ar gamoiyeno, dros nu gadaacileb.

_ umjobesia xvna 10 dRiT adre daiwyo, vidre 2 dRiT

daagviano.

_ erTi uReli xar-kameCi calke iyide, radgan Tu

xarebs rame daemarTeba, Tesva Sen ar dagelodeba da saq-

meSi CamorCebi.

_ Tu miwa TviT ar aris maZRari, verc Sen gagaZRebs.

_ mudam miwis keTilsinisierad damuSavebaze ifiqre,

raTa amiT keTildReobas miaRwio.

_ Tu bazris xelosanTagani iqnebi, xelxvavrieli da

xelgamomavli iyavi, raTa bevri damlocveli gyavdes.

_ yvela saqme Tanamosaqmeebze ukeTesad gaakeTe da

mcired mogebas dasjerdi, erTbaSad 10 wilis miRebas 2

gzis xuTi wili gerCios.

_ Tanamosaqmeebs nu eCxubebi da nu gajiutdebi, raTa

xelosnobaSi warmatebas miaRwio, xalxma Segaqos da

SenTan ivaWros.

_ Tu raimes yidi, `Zmao~, `megobaro~ pirze gekeros da

Tavazianoba gamoiCine, vidre SegiZlia, uxeSad da udierad

nu moiqcevi. Seni Tavazianobis gamo, myidvels wunianoba

moerideba da amiT Seni survili asruldeba. Tu ase

moiqcevi, bevri megobari geyoleba, sxva xelosnebs Tvali

Senze darCebaT da Sen cnobili da TvalsaCino kaci

gaxdebi.

_ yidva-gayidvisas simarTlis Tqma wesad gaixade.

_ Zunwi nu iqnebi da pur-marili giyvardes.

_ Senze Raribi daasaCuqre, xolo vinc Senze mdidaria,

mas nurafers Txov.

226

_ vaWrobaSi bavSvebis, qalebisa da nacnob-megob-

rebisagan gamorCenas nu eZeb.

_ RirseulTan Rirseuli iyavi da vaWarTan vaWari.

_ saswori wesrigSi gqondes.

_ Seni ojaxis orguli nu iqnebi da Semosavals sxvagan

nu daxarjav.

_ Tanamosaqmeebs nu Seaviwroeb da yalb nawarms nu

gaakeTeb.

_ mcodnisa da armcodnisaTvis erTnairad gaisarje.

yvelaferSi zomieri iyavi.

_ TavzexelaRebuli nu iqnebi.

_ Tu megobrisaTvis sesxi gaqvs micemuli da ici, rom

xelmoklea, wamdauwum nu mosTxov.

_ gulkeTili iyavi da xalxi karg kacad gicnobs.

raindobisa da vaJkacobisyofaqcevisaTvis

_ adamians 3 Tviseba gaaCnia: 1. goniereba, 2. samarT-

lianoba, 3. kacoba. visac samive gaaCnia, RvTis rCeulia.

gonebaClungoba, vnebaTa Relva da siave adamianTa umrav-

lesobas WeSmaritebis am gzas uxSobs.

_ am qveyanaSi arsebobs kavSiri miwier da zeciur

Zalebs Soris, Tumca Tavisi TvisebebiT erTmaneTisagan

gansxvavebulia, magram Tavisi xasiaTiT erTmaneTzea

damokidebuli.

_ wyali da cecxli erTmaneTisagan Tavisi TvisebebiT

gansxvavebulia. aseve miwa da haeri.

_ roca miwa gaxdeba Suamavali wyalsa da cecxls So-

ris, kavSiric damyardeba. miwa Tavisi simSraliT waagavs

cecxls, siciviT – wyals; wyali sicxiT waagavs miwas,

227

simsubuqiT _ haers. haeri simsubuqiT waagavs wyals da

simxuravaliT _ cecxls. cecxli simxurvaliT waagavs

eTers, eTeri ki elvarebiT mzes, romelic meufea. mze Tavi-

si TvisebebiT nivTierTan dakavSirebulia, nivTieris ga-

reSe ki naTeba ar xdeba. mze mexuTe stiqias ganekuTvneba.

nivTieri gangebis sulTan aris dakavSirebuli, suli ki

gonebasTan.

bunebis qmediT da vnebiT Zalebs Soris kavSiria dam-

yarebuli. Tu qmediTi movlenebi vnebiT movlenebs ar

asazrdoebs, maT Soris kavSiri irRveva. bunebrivi Zalebi

cis TaRTan, cis TaRi _ nivTierTan, nivTieri – sulTan,

suli _ gonebasTan, amgvar kavSirSi miiCnie.

_ Cveni sxeuli cxovelmyofelobiT arsebobs, cxo-

velmyofeloba – suliT, gonebiT.

_ raindobasa da vaJkacobisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia:

1. rasac ityvi, Seasrule;

2. sityvasa da saqmeSi simarTles miende;

3. saqmeSi iyavi momTxovni, gulRia, mamaci, momTmeni,

gulwrfeli, zneobrivad spetaki, moralurad mtkice;

4. sakuTari keTildReobisTvis sxvas ziani ar miayeno;

5. megobris keTildReobisaTvis Tavi ar dazogo;

6. xelqveiTze xeli ar aRmarTo;

7. Cagrulis qomagi iyavi, ganukiTxavisTvis _ gamkiTxa-

vi;

8. gqondes rwmena.

228

bolosityvaoba

kidev bevri ram SeiZleba iTqvas skender maswav-

lebelze, rogorc pedagogsa da pirovnebaze.

Cven davaxasiaTeT baton skender bajeliZis mraval-

ferovani cxovreba da da samagaliTo pedagogiuri moR-

vaweoba. SevasruleT misi `anderZi~. amiT mis mimarT

movixadeT zneobrivi movaleoba. ra SeiZleba iTqvas

mis pirovnebaze akumulirebulad, anotaciis saxiT?

amagdari maswavleblis Sesaxeb bolo sityvis saTq-

melad, misi pirovnebis Sesafaseblad, gvinda movitanoT

didi qarTveli klasikosi mwerlis, nodar dumbaZis

mosazrebani maswavleblis Sesaxeb. igi wers:`maswavlebloba udidesi saidumlos gamxelas unda

hgavdes. moZRvari SegirdisaTvis misani unda iyos, mis-ani, romlic mas bunebis saidumloebas andobs.~ ...`WeSmarit maswavleblad iTvleba is pedagogi, visacSeswevs unari, sxvas gadasces codna da ise Seayvarossagani, rom gancvifrebulma ifiqros, es rom ar mcod-noda, ra meSveleboda, Cems cxovrebas ra fasi eqne-bodao~1.

am zogadi naTqvamidan gamomdinare, humanisti mwera-li da eriskaci imasac ambobs, rom maswavlebeli, mra-

val TvisebaTa Soris, oTx saidumloebas unda flob-

des.

1. usazRvrod uyvardes bavSvebi;

2. usazRvrod uyvardes sagani, romlsac aswavlis;

3. hqondes unari _ es siyvaruli sxvasac Sehyaros,

rogorc seni ukurnebeli;

1 n. dumbaZe, STabeWdilebebi, werilebi, gamosvlebi, Tb., 1984, gv.173.

229

4. iyos uaRresad Tanamedrove, hqondes codva-mad-

lis, anu simarTlis garCevisa da moTminebis unari.

Sxvanairad yvela mcdeloba imisa, rom iyo moZRva-

ri fuWia, yalbi da uSedego.1

batoni skender bajeliZe, rogorc pedagogi, zemoT

dasaxelebul yvela saidumlos flobda.

_ mas usazRvrod uyvarda bavSvebi, moswavleebi;

skolis damTavrebis Semdegac kursdamTavrebulebTan

ar wyvetda kavSirs, maTTan megobrobda.

_ mas usazRvrod uyvarda Tavisi sagani _ geogra-

fia, romelsac aswavlida axalgazrdobas. kargad erk-

veoda sxva monaTesave disciplinebSi, sazogadoebriv-

politikur procesebSi Caxeduli pedagogi brZandebo-

da. es iyo qarizma, riTac izidavda moswavles, msmen-

els.

_ mas hqonda unari _ Tavisi siyvaruli bavSvebisa

da sagnisadmi sxvebisTvisac Seeyvarebina, gadaedo, ro-

gorc ukurnebeli seni. SemTxveviTi ar iyo is faqtic,

rom bevri misi mowafe gahyva sayvareli maswavleblis

profesias, airCia pedagogoba, da rac mTavaria, geo-

grafiis specialoba. isini gaxdnen saxelovani pedago-

gebi, skolis direqtorebi, saswavlo nawilis gamgeebi

Tu ganaTlebis sxva dargis mowinave specialistebi.

_ dabolos, is iyo uaRresad Tanamedrove, novato-

ruli azrovnebis mqone, mxars uWerda siaxles, ver

egueboda formalizms, moCvenebiTobas, iyo saqmiani mas-

wavlebeli, usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli, uyvar-

da simarTle, iyo taqtiani, momTmeni, nebisyofiani ped-

agogi.

1 n. dumbaZe, STabeWdilebebi, werilebi, gamosvlebi, Tb., 1984, gv.173-174.

230

skender maswavlebeli Tavisi misnuri unariT iyo

axalgazrdobis, momavali Taobis gzis gamkvalavi, Ci-

raRdani, xelSi anTebuli lampriT, gzas rom unaTebda

Segirdebs. Tavisi zneobrivi sifaqiziT, sulieri siw-

mindiT, pedagogiuri moRvaweobiT da sazogadoebrivi

saqmianobiT gaxldaT misabaZi magaliTi, nimuSi Tu

orientiri imisa, Tu rogor unda icxovro, rogor unda

iRvawo, ra da rogor unda akeTo mTeli sicocxlis

manZilze sakuTari kvalis gasavlebi saqme, rom daim-

kvidro Seni adgili amqveynad ise, rom Sens saflavTan

gamvlelma nacnobebma CagZaxon: `aqac kargi kaci iyav,

iq naTeli dagadgeso~.

aseTi iyo Cveni sayvareli da dauviwyari maswavle-

beli, batoni skender bajeliZe.

RmerTma naTelSi amyofos misi suli... misi saamayo

saxeli, madliani saqme iqneba nimuSi, uwinares yovlisa,

pedagogebisTvis da, saerTod, dRevandeli da momavali

TaobebisTvis.

winamdebare wigni aRiarebuli maswavleblis, moqa-

laqeobrivi TvisebebiTYSemkuli pirovnebis Zeglia, ro-

melsac Taobebi, sagvareulo da sanaTesao wre, kolega-

megobrebi, misi aRzrdilebi Semounaxaven da gadascemen

momaval Taobebs.

`kargi hqeni, qvaze dade, gaiare, win dagxvdeba~, _

esaa cxovrebis sibrZne, rac yvela adamianma unda

icodes da gaiTvaliswinos Tavis gzasavalze.

231

gamoyenebuli literature da masalebi

1. arTmelaZe r., samSoblos saxelovani Svilebi, baTumi,

1972 (rusul enaze);

2. axuaSvili i., qarTuli gvar-saxelebi, xuTtomeuli,

tomi IV, Tb., 2001;

3. bagrationi v., aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosi, Tb.,

1997;

4. berZeniSvili n., saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t.

VII, Tb., 1997;

5. gigineiSvili k., berZnul-romauli sakuTari saxelebis

orTografiuli leqsikoni, Tb., 1985;

6. gogitiZe s., qaSqa-abeSla afxazur (afsua) adiReuri

Tu qarTveluri modgma, baT., 2010;

7. dumbaZe s., aWaris avtonomiuri respublika meore

msoflio omis periodSi (1939-1945 ww), baT., 2005; missive sax-

elovani xixaneli, Tb., 2008;

8. dumbaZe n., STabeWdilebebi, werilebi, gamosvlebi, Tb.,

1984;

9. dumbaZe n., dumbaZe s., xixaneli xevisberi, Tb., 2000;

10. TofCiSvili r., XIX saukunis mosaxleobis aRwera sa-

qarTveloSi, Tb., 1997;

11. ioseliani av., narkvevebi kolxeTis istoriidan, Tb.,

1979;

12. kaxiZe a., mailsi r., fiWvnari (kolxebi da berZnebi

aRmosavleT savizRvispireTSi), baT.-oqsfordi, 2004;

13. maisuraZe i., qarTuli gvar-saxelebi (saleqsikono-

bibliografiuli masalebi), Tb., 1981;

14. orbeliani sulxan-saba, sityvis kona, Tb., 1941;

15. samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi,

aWara, oTxtomeuli, t. I-IV. baT., 2007-2012;

16. silagaZe a., ToTaZe a., gvar-saxelebi saqarTveloSi,

Tb., 1997;

17. surmaniZe r., TeTrosani, baT., 2007;

18. surgulaZe ab., pirveli qarTuli skola xucubanSi,

baT., 1969;

232

19. tbeTis sulTa mateane (gamosacemad moamzada gamokv-

leva da saZiebeli daurTo T. enuqiZeb), Tb., 1977;

20. ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, meore gamocema, Tb., 1989;

21. fSavela vaJa, Txz. T. V, Tb., 1961;

22. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, erTtomeuli,

Tb., 1983;

23. qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, Tb., 1977;

24. qamadaZe m., toponimia, samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos

istoriis narkvevebi, aWara, I, baT., 2007;

25. qei-qausi (darigebebis wigni) Tb., 1978;

26. Rlonti al., qarTuli leqsikoni (qarTuli gvar-saxe-

lebi), Tb., 1964;

27. CubinaSvili n., qarTuli gvar-saxelebi (al. Rlontis

redaqciiTa da gamokvlevebiT), Tb., 1964;

28. WumburiZe z., ra gqvia Sen, Tb., 1982;

29. xalvaSi i., skola xixanis ZirSi, Tb., 2006;

30. xozrevaniZe d., skola mTaSi, baT., 1958;

31. jafariZe S., ordenisani xucubani, baT., 1969;

32. jafariZe S., xalxis samsaxurSi (al. TxilaiSvilis

cxovreba da moRvaweoba), baT., 2003;

33. jorbenaZe b., kobaxiZe n., mesxiZe n., qarTuli enis mor-

femebisa da modaluri elementebis leqsikoni, Tb., 1988;

masalebi1. saqarTvelos prezidentis arqivi (spa), fondi 14, aR. 1,

1 А. 1676, f. 42;2. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo reestri, 2011;

presa1. gaz. àWara~, 3 maisi, 1989;

2. gaz. àWara~, 14 ianvari, 19978;

3. gaz. àWara~, 1 ivlisi, 2005;

4. gaz. àWara~, 9 maisi, 2006;

5. gaz. `baTumelebi~, 6-13 ivlisi, 2005;

6. gaz. `lenineli~ (qobuleTi), 19 seqtemberi, 1970;

7. gaz, `xulo~, (xulo), 26-27 agvisto, 2005.

233

wignis avtorebi

sergo dumbaZe

daibada 1937 wels, xu-

los raionis sof. bakoSi.

1953-1956 wlebSi swavla ga-

nagrZo xixaZiris saSualo

skolaSi.

1956-1961 wlebSi swav-

lobda baTumis SoTa rus-

Tavelis saxelobis saxelm-

wifo pedagogiur institut-

Si (amJamad universiteti).

iyo nikoloz baraTaSvilis

saxelobis stipendiati. war-

Cinebis diplomiT 1961 wlis

20 agvistos SromiTi saqmi-

anoba daiwyo mSobliur

raionSi. iyo skolis direq-

tori. 1961 wlis ianvridan

mSobliur institutSi (uni-

versitetSi) moRvaweobs. da-

amTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis aspirantura,

daicva sakandidato (1980 w.) da sadoqtoro (2002 w.) dis-

ertaciebi. iyo laboranti, ufrosi maswavlebeli. 1984

wlidan docenti, 2004 wlidan saqarTvelos istoriis kaT-

edris profesori, Semdeg ki saxelmwifo universitetis

istoriis, arqeologiisa da eTnologiis departamentis

sruli profesori, amJamad ki emeritus-profesoria.

saswavlo-pedagogiuri saqmianobis paralelurad, ewe-

va samecniero-kvleviT moRvaweobas. ikvlevs saqarTvelos

istoriis calkul problemebs. 500-mde werilis, recenzi-

is, wignis avtoria, maT Soris, 60 mecnieruli naSromisa,

maTgan 14 monografiis. aris `samxreT-dasavleT saqarTve-

los istoriis narkvevebi _ aWara~, meoTxe tomis erT-erTi

234

avtori. misi araerTi naSromi mieZRvna Rvawlmosil adami-

anebs, maT Soris, saxelovan pedagogebs. winamdebare naS-

romi, nikoloz dumbaZis TanaavtorobiT, asaxavs maTi

erT-erTi sayvareli pedagogis, aWaris damsaxurebuli mas-

wavleblis, omisa da Sromis veteranis - skender baje-

liZis cxovrebasa da pedagogiur moRvaweobas.

eweva sazogadoebriv saqmianobas. aris `aWaris Rvawl-

mosil muSakTa pativmigebisa da madlierebis sazogadoe-

bis~ Tavmjdomare, daviT mamulaZis saxelobis sazoga-

doeba `moamagis~ viceprezidenti, romelTa meSveobiT,

iakob gogebaSvilis saxelobis saqarTvelos pedagogTa

kavSiris aWaris respublikuri organizaciasTan erTad,

atarebs sasargeblo da saWiro RonisZiebebs, aRniSnaven

Rvawlmosil moRvaweTa damsaxurebebs; misi iniciativiTa

da rekomendaciiT mieniWa daviT mamulaZis saxeli _ qveda

Txilvanis sajaro skolas, selim ximSiaSvilis saxeli _

bakos sajaro skolas da Serif ximSiaSvilis saxeli _

mTisubnis sajaro skolas, sergo jaianis saxeli _ xixa-

Ziris sajaro skolas.

baTumis universitetma (reqtori prof. al. bakuriZe),

Txilvanis eTnografiulma muzeumma (direqtori S. bolq-

vaZe), da mSobliurma Txilvanis saSualo skolam (direq-

tori e. bolqvaZe), aRniSnes sergo dumbaZis dabadebidan

75, samecniero-pedagogiuri moRvaweobis 50 wlisTavi.

sergo dumbaZe dResac axalgazruli SemarTebiT gana-

grZobs samecniero-kvleviT da sazogadoebriv saqmianobas.

nikoloz dumbaZe

nikoloz dumbaZe daibada 1937 wlis 20 noembers, xu-

los raionis sofel bakoSi. dawyebiTi ganaTleba miiRo

mSobliuri soflis skolaSi, Semdeg Txilvanis rvawlian

skolaSi ganagrZo swavla. 1956 wels oqros medalze daam-

Tavra xixaZiris saSualo skola da ugamocdod Cairicxa

baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo pedago-

235

giuri institutis istoria-filologiis fakultetze, ro-

melic daamTavra 1961 wels rusuli ena-literaturisa da

germanuli enis maswavleblis specialobiT.

instiutis damTavrebis Semdeg, nikoloz dumbaZe

Txilvanis saSualo skolis maswavlebelia, saidanac da-

winaurda da 1962-1973 wlebSi jer komkavSirul, Semdeg

partiul samuSaoebze moRvaweobs.

nikoloz dumbaZem TiTqmis TxuTmeti weli imuSava

aWaris ministrTa sabWos mecnierebis, kulturisa da ga-

naTlebis, aWaris umaRlesi sabWos saorganizacio-sainst-

ruqtoro ganyofilebebis gamged. muSaobda saqarTvelos

sazRvao sanaosnoSi, aWaris mrewvelobis saministroSi, ba-

Tumis meriaSi, sazRvargareT mcxovreb TanamemamuleebTan

kulturuli urTierTobis saqarTvelos sazogadoebis aWa-

ris ganyofilebis referent-Tarjimnad.

nikoloz dumbaZe iyo xulos raionuli da baTumis

saqalaqo sabWoebis ramdenime mowvevis deputati. wlebis

ganmavlobaSi eweva Jurnalistur da samwerlo moRvaweo-

bas. iyo xulos raionuli gazeTis `koleqtiuri Sromis~

redaqtoris moadgile, respublikuri gazeTis `sovetskaia

adJarias~ sakuTari korespondenti, aqveynebda statiebs da

narkvevebs adgilobriv da respublikur Jurnal-gazeTeb-

Si.

aris xuTi wignis avtori, ori wignis Tanaavtori,

oTxi wignis recenzenti, ori wignis redaqtori

nikoloz dumbaZe dajildoebulia medlebiTa da aWa-

ris avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWos prezidiu-

mis sapatio sigelebiT, hyavs meuRle, ori Svili da eqvsi

SviliSvili.

nikoloz dumbaZe dResac aqtiurad monawileobs qvey-

anaSi mimdinare sazogadoebriv-politikur movlenebSi.

236

Sinaarsi

winasityvaoba 4

pirveli ganyofileba - geografiul-socialuri garemo,gvaris genealogia da etimologia 9

$1. misi savane 9

$2. soflis inteligencia 25

$3. bajeliZeTa gvaris warmomavlobisa da

etimologiis Sesaxeb 52

meore ganyofileba _ skender bajeliZis cxovrebada moRvaweoba 67

$1. mSoblebi 67

$2. bavSvoba 76

$3. swavlis wlebi 79

$4. cxovrebis mZime wlebi 82

$5. cxovrebis karnaxiT gza umaRlesisken 87

$6. muSaoba aWaris `ucnob~ mTianeTSi 90

$7. pedagogiuri moRvaweobis gagrZeleba mSobliur

raionSi 110

$8. damsaxurebul pensiaze 118

$9. Rvawli daufasda 134

$10. ukanaskneli Sexvedra veteran maswavlebelTan 144

$11. veterani maswavlebeli emzadeboda 85 wlisTavis

aRsaniSnavad, magram... 150

$12. yvelam guliT daitira igi 152

skender bajeliZe 155

mesame ganyofileba _ xixaZirs ra damaviwyebs 159

meoTxe ganyofileba _ kristaluri siwmindis da maRalizneobis gansaxiereba iyo...skender bajeliZis 75 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnilisaiubileo saRamoze (1996 wlis 16 dekemberi)warmoTqmuli misalmebebi da mogonebebi 170

237

misalmebebi 170

mogonebebi 181

mexuTe ganyofileba _ vasrulebT skender maswavleblis`anderZs~ 207

mcire ganmartebisTvis 207

brZnuli Segonebani, keTili rCevebi 210

codnis fasi 211

saubris av-kargisaTvis 216

mama Svils asakis Taviseburebebs acnobs: 218

Svilo Cemo! 219

RmerTsa vTxov SenTvis yvela sikeTes, Svilo: 223

miwis muSakisaTvis 225

raindobisa da vaJkacobis yofaqcevisaTvis 226

bolosityvaoba 228

gamoyenebuli literature da masalebi 231

wignis avtorebi 233

238

gamomcemlobis direqtori _ nana xaxutaiSvili

gamomcemlobis redaqtori _ lali konceliZe

teqnikuri redaqtori _ eduard ananiZe

xelmowerilia dasabeWdad 18.01.2016

qaRaldis zoma 60X84 1/16

fizikuri Tabaxi 14.8

tiraJi 100

daibeWda universitetis stambaSi

q. baTumi, ninoSvilis 35

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