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SEMBRAMKY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PVT LTD

Detailed Project Report with Specifications

For Development of Integrated Bio-Medical Waste

Management Facility in Patna & Surrounding areas.

Submitted to

Submitted By

SembRamky Environmental Management Pvt Ltd

304-307, Pankaj Arcade-3, Plot No-6, Pocket-4

Sector-11, Dwarka, New Delhi-110075

Tel: +91- 11 – 42770304, 42770305, Fax: 91-11-42770304

Email: [email protected]

SREMPL/CBMWTF/CHM/BIADA/PAT/12 DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

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Chapter 1

1.0 Introduction

The rapid increase in population can be attributed to the industrial, commercial and location of

the city, which has opened vast employment to the nearby towns and villages. Rapid growth in

population, severe environmental degradation and increased awareness about the health care has

created a need for a wide variety of medical facilities.

In the service of a huge population, these hospitals are generating “Bio-Medical Wastes” that are

incompatible with the environment. These wastes need professional attention for effective

management as the infectious nature of the waste can cause irreparable damage to the human

health and the environment. It has become imperative to monitor and control the management

and handling of these wastes.

The concern about disposal of infectious wastes generated by the hospitals is increasing rapidly

due to the fear of the spread of viruses such as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

and Hepatitis B. These wastes (bio-medical wastes generated from health care establishments)

present a high risk of causing potential damage to the human health and the environment by way

of spreading. To prevent the spread of such infectious wastes that finds its genesis in bio-

medical wastes (from hospitals, clinics, laboratories, dispensaries etc.) a scientific approach is

required. From the beginning it is essential that professionally trained personnel should handle

the wastes.

To enable effective management and handling of the bio-medical wastes the Ministry of

Environment and Forests (MoEF) has issued Rules for the management and handling of these

wastes vis-à-vis Bio-Medical Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules 1998, under the aegis

of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. In response of which, the Government and


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Major Private Hospitals have made their own arrangements for treatment and disposal of bio-

medical wastes, however, the smaller nursing homes, clinics and other similar institutions which

do not have or can afford such facilities need alternate modalities and arrangements to dispose

their wastes, in accordance with the Rules.

Keeping in view the difficulties faced by private Hospitals, Nursing Homes and Clinics that

cannot make their own arrangements due to high cost involved in Treatment facilities, there was

need for centralized system for treatment. Later on, in September 2003, the Central Pollution

Control Board had made the guidelines for “Common bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility” in

order to discourage the individual incineration facility by health care establishments and

strengthening CBWTF system.

To redress this problem and provide the health care establishments with a solution to their waste

disposal dilemma, SembRamky Environmental Management Pvt.Ltd has taken initiative and set

up and is operating 9 Common Treatment Facility in different cities of India

In need of professional attention for effective management to contain costs on the one hand and

enhance efficiencies on the other, M/S SembRamky Environmental Management Pvt. Ltd is

proposing Expression of Interest for Development of Integrated Bio-Medical Waste Management

Facilities for waste generated in Patna and other adjoining areas of Patna falling under the radius

of 150 K.M.


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A View of our Incinerator at Howrah


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Chapter 2

2.0 Waste Quantities and Characteristics

2.1 Introduction

The primary purpose of waste quantification and characterization is to provide for an

economically viable option for treatment/ disposal of the wastes. This concept, if managed

properly reduces the quantity of infectious wastes to be handled under the Bio-Medical Waste

management rules and also enables for an efficient sorting/ segregation and collection into colour

coded bags/ containers.

2.2 Waste Classification and Characterization

Wastes generated by the hospitals can primarily be classified into 3 groups:

Conventional Wastes/ Municipal Solid Wastes: General refuse similar to the domestic/

municipal solid wastes and includes artificial linens, paper, food, cans, diapers, and plastic

cups. This waste is non-infectious if it is not brought in contact with the infectious wastes

and properly managed.

Hazardous Wastes: Laboratory and Pharmaceutical Chemicals and containers including off-

specification and other chemicals, alcohols, disinfectants, anti-neoplastic agents, heavy

metals (e.g. Mercury), etc. These wastes are hazardous in nature and if properly segregated

and managed can be transported to hazardous waste management facility for treatment/

storage/ disposal.

Infectious Wastes: Commonly referred to as Clinical and pathological Wastes and include:

isolation wastes (refuse associated with infectious patients), cultures and stocks of infectious

agents and associated biological, human blood and blood products, pathological wastes,

contaminated sharps, amputated body parts, placenta and others.


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Typical wastes falling under each of the above groups of infectious wastes is presented as

Table 2.1

Table 2.1: Categorization of Infectious Wastes

Waste Group Typical Wastes

Isolation Wastes Wastes from patients with diseases considered communicable and requiring isolation

Cultures and Stocks of Infectious agents and associated biological

Specimens from medical and pathological laboratories

Cultures and stocks of infectious agents from clinical, research and industrial laboratories, disposable culture dishes, and devices used to transfer, inoculate and mix cultures

Wastes from the production of biologicals

Discarded live and attenuated vaccines Human blood and Blood Products

Waste blood, serum, plasma and blood products

Pathological Wastes Tissue organs, body parts, placenta, blood and body fluids removed during surgery, autopsy and biopsy.

Contaminated Sharps Contaminated hypodermic needles, syringes, scalpel blades, Pasteur pippettes and broken glass.

Further to this wastes can be classified into the 10 groups of wastes as specified by the MoEF.

2.3 Waste Quantities

The project is being perceived to cater to a large number of small and medium sized health care

establishments in the private sector and Government establishments. It is estimated that about a

third of the waste would be autoclavable and the balance incinerable i.e. 2.0 T of autoclavable

waste and 5.0 T of incinerable wastes. It is also estimated that about 5% of the total treated

waste would have to be land filled and hence about 0.4 T of waste would have to be land filled.


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Chapter 3

3.0 Alternate Options for Bio-Medical Waste Management

3.1 Introduction

Options considered for effective management and handling of the Bio-Medical Wastes need to

incorporate legal, technical and financial constraints that will be imposed on such practices. The

primary objective for providing such a system shall be to ensure safe, efficient and economic

collection incorporating segregation at source, transport, disinfection, destruction and disposal of

the residue, while ensuring that the system is reliable for now and for the foreseeable future.

The overall objective encompasses the following specific objectives:

To reduce the health effects/ risks associated with the proposed activities.

To minimise the environmental impacts.

To ensure the technical reliability of the adopted technology in terms of safety, flexibility and

sustainability under local conditions.

To maximise resource productivity.

To ensure the techno-economic feasibility of the proposed scheme.

3.2 Components of integrated Bio-Medical Waste Management

An integrated waste management system for bio-medical wastes must look into various stages of

the process. These key components can be broadly classified into the following:

Waste Segregation: As explained in chapter 2 wastes segregation will reduce the load of

bio-medical wastes from about 2 kgs/bed-day to about 0.2 kgs/bed-day and this also

minimize the environmental impacts associated with further processing. Waste will have to

be segregated into domestic refuse, hazardous wastes and infectious wastes separately.


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Further the infectious wastes will have to be segregated into plastics, metals, and other

infectious wastes generated. Segregation is done effectively if performed at source. MoEF

has issued clear guidelines for colour coded segregation.

Waste Collection and Transport: Facility / unit have to ensure that there are no

environmental or human health impacts while collecting & transporting Bio-Medical wastes.

Treatment/ Storage/ Disposal: Treatment/ Storage and disposal of the wastes have various

options available and are described in detail in section 3.3.

3.3 Treatment/ Storage/ Disposal Options

Waste treatment can be effectively performed by two operations running parallel to each other:

1 A Disinfecting Unit

2 A Destruction Unit

A Disinfecting unit is one that will effectively kill all the microorganisms. Autoclaving,

Microwaving, Hydroclaving and Chemical disinfection processes are the most prevalent

technologies used for disinfection of pathogens from the bio-medical wastes.

Autoclave used for the purpose of bio-medical waste management is expected to be dedicated for

the purpose and is expected to operate under standards specified by MoEF. Medical Wastes

shall not be considered treated unless the time, temperature and pressure indicated in the

standards are reached (for eg. 121o C, 15 psi for 1 hour for normal autoclave)

Microwave and Hydroclave disinfection units are similar in application to that of an autoclave.

Microwave technology cannot be applied for cytotoxins, hazardous or radioactive wastes,

contaminated animal carcasses, body parts and large metal items. Microwave should completely

and consistently kill the bacteria and other microorganisms.


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Chemical disinfection is a process of disinfection wherein chemical disinfectants like chlorine

and its derivatives or their disinfectants are used in a closed process to attain complete killing of

the pathogens.

A Destruction unit is one that will completely destroy the wastes into safe end products. High

temperature incinerators are used to achieve this. Incineration is a process by which combustible

materials are burnt, producing combustion gases and non-combustible residue and ash. The

combustible gases are vented into the air after treatment through air pollution control devices.

Ash and other non-combustible residue remain after the destruction/ incineration process is

disposed off securely into a landfill site.

Waste Storage is an applicable option for effective storage of certain hazardous wastes like

mercury and cytotoxins that do not have a cost-effective treatment technology as yet. Waste

Disposal is primary performed by deep burial of wastes into secure landfills.

Waste disposal is an option which remains to exist irrespective of the treatment options, incase

of disinfection waste material post-disinfection needs to be land filled and in case of incineration

the non-combustible residue and ash needs to be disposed off into a landfill and thus landfill

remains to be an integral part of an integrated bio-medical waste management facility.


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3.4 Alternate Options for Location of the facility

As discussed earlier, a Bio-Medical waste management facility would be most effective if

incorporated as an integrated facility with a disinfecting unit, a destruction unit and a disposal

unit. The options for locating such a unit shall be to have a centralised facility that will cater to a

group of hospitals or a localised facility with each of the hospital having an integrated

management system.

The advantages of centralised facility over localised facility in each of the components of waste

management are elaborated below:

Waste minimization would require the same effort in both the options.

Collection and Transportation of the wastes would be minimal for a localised facility

compared to that of a centralised facility.

Efficient management of treatment options would be low in localised facilities as this would

require a group of trained professionals to handle.

Disposal facility would be available at centralised facility while localised facilities would have

to send the residue to designated landfills.

Social Acceptability for a localised facility is very low, as most of the hospitals are located in

the heart of the residential areas with high population density. The prevalent concept of NIMBY

(Not in my Backyard) further decreases the level of social acceptability. As a centralised facility

would be located away from residential areas having low population density, it would be more

acceptable.

Impacts on Human Health and the Environment would be much higher in case of localised

facilities as the number of individuals exposed to the various pathways would be much higher,

while at the centralised facility it would be lower.


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Commercial Aspects can be broadly grouped into capital and operational costs. The capital

costs would be significantly higher in the case of localised facility. Installation of an integrated

bio-medical waste management facility would incur a capital cost that would not be

commercially viable for most institutions. The operating cost would also be higher at the

localised facility as this would require professional supervision and manpower and the actual

operating cost of the machinery.

A holistic view of the Bio-Medical Waste management clearly indicates that operating waste

management facility should be left to trained professionals that are experienced in that area. To

have trained and experienced professionals in this area at each individual health care

establishment would be cost prohibitive. Summary of the advantages and disadvantages of the

two options is presented as Table 3.1 below:


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Table 3.1 Localized facility Versus Centralised facility:

Aspect Localised facility Centralised facility

Waste Minimisation ND ND

Waste Segregation Efficient Higher Efficiency

Collection and

Transportation

Minimal Medium – High

Disinfection Variable Efficiency – Guaranteed

Thermal treatment Variable Efficiency – Guaranteed

Landfill ND ND

Social Acceptability Very Low Higher

Human Health Impacts High Low

Environmental Impacts High Low

Commercial Aspects

Capital Costs Very High Minimal

Operating costs High Low

ND – No Difference

3.5 Summary

In summary an efficient and an integrated waste management program shall comprise of various

components including waste minimization, segregation, collection and transport, disinfection,

destruction and disposal, which could be efficiently managed and handled by professionally

trained personnel. As this would be cost prohibitive for localised facilities a centralised facility

catering to group of hospitals would be more effective than localised ones.


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Chapter 4 4.0 The Proposal and Process Description

4.1 Introduction

As described in the earlier chapter hospital wastes once generated need to be segregated,

collected, transported and safely treated and disposed of without causing damage to the human

health and the environment. To redress this problem and provide the health care establishments

with a cost-effective solution to the waste disposal dilemma, SembRamky Environmental

Management Pvt. Ltd. proposes for the development of integrated Bio-Medical Waste

Management Facilities in Patna which will also cover the surrounding areas and strictly based on

the BMW (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998 and amendments of 2000 and 2003 published

by Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF).

SEMBRAMKY has identified the following as the major steps involved in making the system

efficient:

A Waste Audit

Training and Awareness – The Doctors, Nurses, Administrators and the ward boys.

Waste Minimization

Segregation at source

Collection and transport

Disinfection/ Destruction

Disposal.

4.1.1 Waste Audit

SEMBRAMKY shall undertake a waste audit to assess the waste quantities, present management

and handling practices and subsequent treatment and disposal of the wastes. The audit shall

include a survey of representative health care establishments and cover all aspects related to bio-

medical wastes including occupational health and safety.


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4.1.2 Training and Awareness

Our experiences indicate that, the awareness levels of most health care establishments in respect

to bio-medical waste management are very low. The health care workers are not completely

aware of the impacts of the improper waste handling and management. Our first step towards

our endeavor would be to create awareness among all the stakeholders involved in the subject.

Subsequent to this SEMBRAMKY shall provide a thorough training to all the members on

aspects of bio-medical waste Management. This training shall include segregation of wastes into

proper colour coded bags, identification of containers required for collecting the wastes,

precautions to be taken in respect of handling wastes with special reference to sharps

management. There shall be specific focus towards occupational safety of health care workers.

4.1.3 Waste Minimization

Waste minimization, though is a focus from the environmental angle, shall be recommended

only at point sources where there is no scope of cross-infection.

4.1.4 Segregation of Wastes at Source

Segregation of wastes is the key to the success of bio-medical waste management. As indicated

in chapter 2, though about 2 kg of hospital waste is generated per bed-day only about 0.2-0.25

kg/bed-day is the infectious portion of the waste. This is a clear indication that only about 10-

15% of the total waste generated at health care establishment is infectious in nature. Thus

segregation of wastes at source would firstly reduce the wastes management problem to 15%.

Further to this segregation of wastes (infectious) is integral in terms of further waste handling

and management.

Bio-Medical wastes would have to be managed by destruction, dis-infection and ultimate

disposal. With this in view, wastes would have to be segregated into incinerable wastes/

destructible wastes and dis-infectable wastes. SEMBRAMKY proposes to establish an

incinerator and an autoclave, thus wastes would have to be segregated into incinerable and

autoclavable wastes. Incinerable wastes include human anatomical wastes, animal carcasses,

placenta, cotton, bandage, soiled materials and other similar wastes that have come in contact


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with the body fluids. Dis-infectable wastes include plastics, glass, metal, rubber and other similar

materials. These would include syringes, needles, ampoules, catathaters, blades and many more.

Focus during the training shall be made on segregation of wastes into colour coded bags ensuring

compliance with the MoEF rules as well as subsequent handling and management of wastes.

Segregation of wastes at source is very critical, as this would minimise further handling of the

wastes until treated.

4.1.5 Collection and Transportation

SEMBRAMKY shall collect the waste from each health care establishment on a regular basis.

Wastes shall be segregated as per the colour coding, properly packed and placed at a secure

designated point by the health care establishment from where SEMBRAMKY shall collect the

waste. Upon collection wastes shall be placed into closed containers enclosed in a containerized

vehicle. Transportation of the wastes shall also be the responsibility of SEMBRAMKY.

The proposed vehicles shall be dedicated for the purpose and shall adopt the conditions specified

in the BMW (Management & Handling) Rules-1998.

waste Collection Vehicles


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4.1.6 Disinfection and Destruction

Upon receipt at the facility, wastes containers shall be unloaded. Wastes based on their colour

codes shall be separated and properly treated and disposed off. Categories 1, 2, 3 and 6 (as per

MoEF rules) shall be directly loaded into the incinerator while categories 4 and 7 shall be loaded

into the autoclave for dis-infection. Residue from these units shall be disposed into a landfill.

Detailed process description of the treatment technologies is presented in the subsequent

sections.

4.1.7 Disposal

Ash, residue from high temperature incineration and other material residues from the process

shall be collected into containers and shall be disposed into a secure landfill.

4.2 Treatment Technologies

4.2.1 Incineration

Incineration incorporates the right technology featuring for a complete destruction of the waste

into completely safe end products. A process combination of pyrolysis and controlled air

combustion, where heat and air for combustion is regulated in such a way as to first volatalise/

gasify the waste in conditions of inadequate air, i.e., below stochiometric air conditions and heat,

and then totally destroy it in adequate heat and excess air, thereby making the end products

environmentally safe. The process is not only safe but is also today’s answer to the rampant

problem of hospital waste management and pollution.

The primary purpose of incineration is to burn the waste to ashes through a combustion process.

SEMBRAMKY intends to setup a 5.0 T/ Day incinerator. The unit shall be a dual chambered

incinerator. The primary chambers primary purpose would be combustion of the


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waste materials into safe end products (ash). The temperature of the primary chamber would be

850o C and above wherein, wastes shall be completely destroyed. The primary chamber would

have an attached burner with auxiliary fuel supply to augment the fuel requirements and ensure

maintenance of temperatures. The purpose of the secondary chamber would be to burn the off-

gases and ensure safe end products (gaseous). The secondary chamber would operate at a

temperature of 1050o C and above. The gases would be completely burnt and safe gases then

shall be let out of the incinerator unit.

Both the primary and secondary burners used by us at our existing plants and proposed at Patna

are imported Italian burners. The incinerator is completely automated with control panel and

continuous recording of temperatures. The entire system is very simple and is easy to operate.

The system is environmentally safe without any hazard.

4.2.2 Air Pollution Control System

The gases after being burnt at 1050o C shall be run into a ventury scrubber followed by a flooded

scrubber with water quenching arrangement. The scrubber shall be an alkaline scrubber to

neutralise the gases and ensure trapping of any pollutants escaping into the environment. The

purpose of water quenching is to reduce the temperature of the gases which are at high

temperature. The clean gases are let out into the environment. The scrubbed water shall be

collected into a sump, where the water is neutralised, and then sent into a cooling tower from

where the water is recirculated into the scrubber after cleaning them of their particulates by way

of pressure sand filter and activated carbon filter. The system is thus a zero discharge system in

terms of water discharges and is pollution free.


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Incinerator Process

•Primary•Chamber

•850oC

•Secondary•Chamber

•1050oC

•Heat Recovery Systems/ Quenching/ Ventury Scrubber

•Waste•Feed•System

•Ash Discharge •Scrubbing •Liquid to be•treated

•Alkaline Packed-bed Scrubber

•Emission checks by PCB

•Scrubbing

•Liquid

•Sand Filter•Carbon Filter

•Neutralisation

•Makeup Water

•Monitor Temp. Logs


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4.2.3 Autoclave

The primary purpose of autoclave is to sterilise/ dis-infect the waste with steam.

Microorganisms which contribute to infection do not survive beyond 80o C. However, as a

precaution MoEF has stipulated a temperature of 121o C with 15 psi pressure to ensure

distribution of temperature. At this temperature and pressure, microorganisms are completely

destroyed and thus render the wastes infection free.

Sterilization Process

Steam Boiler

Temperature Pressure

WASTE

IN

OUT

Release Valve

Steam Trap

Vacuum PumpWater

VALIDATION – Must. Daily – Indicator Strip Testing with LoadsWeekly Spore Testing for Efficiency of sterilisation

Microprocessor Controlled –

Vacuum-Steam Cycles

Temperature - Pressure

To Shredder

SEMBRAMKY intends to establish an autoclave with the above principles, thus rendering the

wastes free from infection. The dis-infected waste shall then be segregated into HDPE, PP,


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rubber, latex, glass and metal. The segregated materials shall then be shredded completing the

process of dis-infection and ensuring non-recycling of the waste materials for medical/ food

grade purposes.


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4.3 SEMBRAMKY's Offer

SEMBRAMKY has technically qualified and professionally trained and experienced personnel

to perform waste audits and capable of training the hospital personnel in waste minimization

practices, segregation, packaging and in occupational safety. SEMBRAMKY also proposes to

provide guidance in packaging of the wastes. The identified process shall ensure the integrity of

packaging through out its cycle including handling, transportation and

treatment / disposal. Collection and transport of the wastes shall be performed by

SEMBRAMKY by their personnel from the health care establishment centers on a daily basis

without causing inconvenience to the HCEs. Upon receipt of the waste at the facility the wastes

shall be properly treated and/or disposed off in accordance with the treatment technologies

mentioned above.


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4.4 Infrastructure and Specifications proposed for the Project

SEMBRAMKY intends to establish the following infrastructure:

Incinerator: A mechanical loading dual chambered incinerator to cater for disposal of 5.0 T of

medical wastes per day, with the primary chamber operating at 850°C and the secondary

operating at 1050°C. The flue gases shall be run through a ventury and flooded scrubber and

then vented through a 30-m height stack. The temperatures of the incinerator shall be

continuously monitored through a strip chart recorder/data logger for effective recording of

temperatures.

Summary of the Features of the Proposed Incinerator are:

Dual Chambered Incinerator, with MS outer shell and Internal lining using high

alumina refractory.

Loading shall be mechanical.

Interconnected ducting shall also be lined system.

They shall be connected with fully automatic spark ignited burners to be run using

HSD with all necessary interlocks like the cut-off systems.

The system shall be supported with combustion air supply through an FD fan.

Temperatures in both the chambers shall be continuously recorded,

graphically/through a data logger.

Autoclave: A vacuum type (programmable) autoclave which can operate at all the

specifications mentioned by MoEF with a capacity to handle 2 T of medical waste per day. The

autoclave shall have continuous and automatic recording of temperature, pressure, date, time and

batch of loading. Every batch shall be monitored with a strip chart recorder and once in a month

the spore validation test and/or spore monitoring shall be done. Following are the key features of

the proposed autoclave:


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Type: Vacuum Type, automatic with documentation.

Capacity: 2 Ton per day

Temperature: 135° C

Pressure: 35 psi

Automation: PLC with MMI (Man-Machine interface)

Documentation/ Recording: Computerized recording

Effluent Treatment Plant: An ETP to treat the scrubbing water, floor washings and

other wastewater from the plant and send the same for circulation into the scrubber. The

system shall be cooling, followed by pressure sand filter and activated carbon filter

assembly followed by neutralization before recirculation into the scrubber.

Shredder: A mechanical shredder to make the waste unrecognizable as medical waste

shall be installed with a capacity to handle about 3.3 T of medical wastes per day.

Landfill: The residue will be sent to authorize landfill site.

Transport Vehicles: vehicles meeting the specifications mentioned in the tender

document shall be put in place for collection and transport of medical wastes. 10 Nos.

shall be purchased.

Administrative Infrastructure: Administrative, electrical and mechanical infrastructure

like office, rest rooms, roads, generator and other infrastructure shall be developed to

support the waste management activities.


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Chapter 5

Environmental Management Plan 5.0 Summary

Bio-Medical Waste Management plant is an environmentally friendly project and the project

itself is an environmental management plan for the effective management of bio-medical wastes

for the project area. However, the emissions from the project also need to be considered and

addressed and this chapter addresses these issues in brief.

5.1 Air Environment

Air environment in the project can broadly be divided into two, firstly the odour emanating from

the wastes and secondly the emissions from the incinerator.

Bio-Medical Wastes are very putriscible and have the potential to degrade very fast and in the

process generate odour nuisance if they are not managed properly. To address the issue

effectively, MoEF has issued rules whereby the wastes will have to be collected, transported,

treated and disposed off effectively. SEMBRAMKY abides to adopt this to ensure that odour

nuisance is eliminated. In addition to the above, SEMBRAMKY undertakes to collect wastes on

a daily basis

The other impact on air environment from the air emissions from the incinerator stack.

However, the impacts are minimal. To minimize the air impacts from the incinerator the flue

gases from the secondary chamber shall be run through a water quenching and ventury scrubber,

where in the high temperature gases shall be rapidly cooled in the water quenching and ventury

scrubber and then the gases shall be run-into a counter current packed bed alkaline scrubber

wherein the gases shall be completely cleaned and then ejected into the atmosphere through a 30-

m high chimney with the aid of an ID fan (10 HP).

The cleaned gases shall be well within the limits specified under the Bio-Medical Wastes

(Management and Handling) Rules 1998. The statement is backed by the emissions measured


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from SembRamky Environmental Management Pvt Ltd operating at Hyderabad. The expected

emissions from the incinerator shall be in the order of:

Parameter Expected Emission Limits

SPM: 50 - 80 mg/ N.Cu.M. 150 mg/ N. Cu.M

Sulphur-di-oxide: 20 mg/ n. Cu.M --

Nitrogen Oxides: 150 mg/ N. Cu.M 450 mg/ N. Cu.M

HCl: 15 mg/ N. Cu.M 50 mg/ N. Cu.M

Owing to the small scale of operations and the low emissions expected from the incinerator, the

impacts on the air environment from the incinerator can be treated as negligible.

5.2 Noise Environment

The only sources of noise from the plant are the generator that will be equipped with acoustic.

The plant shall have a small 100 KVA generator, and is not expected to be of any major source

of noise pollution. Noise levels in the generator room shall be in the order of < 75 dBA.

5.3 Water Environment

Water at the facility is used and discharged at the following points:

S.No Unit Process Quantity of Water

Used

Quantity of Water

Discharged

1 Process Water 3200 LPD 2400 LPD

3 Domestic Purposes 800 LPD 600 LPD

4 Others 2000 LPD 1600 LPD

Vehicle & Floor Washing 3000 LPD 2400LPD

6 TOTAL 9000 LPD 7000 LPD

Wastewater treatment and Discharge

Following shall be the flow path for the wastewaters generated:


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Scrubbing Effluent – Collected in Hot Water Sump

Autoclave Effluent – Collected into the Hot Water Sump.

Floor and Reactor Washings – Collected into the Hot Water Sump

The entire wastewater collected at the Hot water Sump shall flow through the ETP and shall be

recirculated into the scrubber with the following path:

ETP FLOW CHART Recirculation Hot Water Collection Sump of water Chemical Treatment Sedimentation Sludge Drying Beds Pumping Pressure Sand Filter Sludge Disposal Pumping Activated Carbon Filter

Ventury & Scrubber


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Hot Water Sump – Chemical Treatment--- Sedimentation---Pressure Sand Filter – Activated

Carbon Filter – Neutralisation Tank – Scrubber – Hot Water Sump.

Sr. No. Parameter Limits

(As per SPCB)

Sr. No. Parameter Limits (as per SPCB)

1 pH 5.5 to 9.0

2 TSS 100 mg/lt

3 Oil & Grease 10 mg/lt

4 COD 250 mg/lt

5. BOD 30 mg/lt

The entire system shall be a zero discharge system in terms of wastewater discharge from the

process as the entire wastewater is recirculated and most of the water used is in terms of make-up

water. The water discharged once in six month by the process of blow down from ventury and

scrubber shall be collected in a separate tank of capacity 4 KL (2M X 2M X 1M) for

evaporation.This water also shall meet the wastewater discharge standards for on-land disposal

and this has already been proven at SembRamky Ahmedabad.

Domestic Wastewater shall be treated in a septic tank and shall be collected in separate tank from

where it shall be pumped for irrigation of green belt in the facility premises.


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5.4 Occupational Health and safety

The projects key focus area shall be in terms of occupational safety and health as the employees

dealing with infectious wastes with potential for cross contamination and/or infection.

SEMBRAMKY shall take the following steps to ensure that the occupational health is protected:

While Transportation, the collection boys shall wear gloves, masks, rubber gum boots

While unloading the same PPE shall be used.

While loading the wastes into incinerators, the staff shall wear helmet, goggles, masks,

asbestos temperature resistant gloves, and boots.

While segregation, they shall ensure protection from needle pricking and shall use hard

gloves.

Any needle stick injury shall be attended to immediately; they shall thoroughly wash the

injured area using soap/ detergent and then apply disinfectant to the area. Further to this

they shall get checked up for infections.

Health check-up and vaccination will be done as per standard prescribed by health

department.

Note:

1. We have already got the certificates of ISO 9001, 14001 and OSHAS 18001.

2. We are ready to comply with all pollution control measures as suggested by you in

addition to various means proposed in our DPR.


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POWER BREAK-UP

S.NO. PARTICULARS NOS. CONNECTED POWER(KW)

TOTAL LOAD(KW) REMARKS

PART A. PUMPS & MOTORS

1 Autoclave 1 36 36

2 Shredder 1 11.1 11.1

3 ID Fan 1 5.5 5.5

4 FD Fan 1 0.75 0.75

5 Incinerator Motors 3 0.75 2.25

6 Scrubber 1 0.75 0.75

7 Ventury 1 0.75 0.75

8 ETP Motor 4 0.75 3

9 Conveyor Belt Motor 1 1 1

10 Diesel Transfer Motor 1 0.75 0.75

11 Submersible Pump 1 1.5 1.5

PART.B. LIGHT & FAN

1 FAN 6 0.45 2.7

2 Exhaust Fan 6 0.45 2.7

3 Heater 2 1 2

4 Tube Light 35 0.04 1.4

5 Street Light 20 0.2 4

6 Computer 3 0.08 0.24

7 Office A.C 2 1.5 3

Total 90 63.32 79.39

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