Self and society
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Transcript of Self and society
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Self and Society
Symbolic Interactionism
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Objective
• To get you think about your own ‘authentic identity’ as a community development worker
• To get you to ‘imagine inside’ your roleplayed MI client, and the processes that led you to select that persons ‘identity’
• To see ‘taken for granted’ assumptions about identity, that form the basis of ‘prejudice’
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• Masks• Stage• Scripts– Discursive– Performative
• 'symbolic communication’• ‘authentic self’• ‘deviant’ ‘otherness’
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Who am I?• How do ‘I’ get
constituted, on a daily basis?
• What is the ‘I’ that I refer to?
• When am I being ‘me’?• Who are ‘you’?• Which you am I
perceiving?
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Mead: The ‘I’ and the ‘Me’
• ‘I’ is the spontaneous unpredictable element of the self • 'I' memory is a store of creativity, adaptability and novelty in
the social process.• Where our most important values are located• Constitutes the realisation of the self - i.e. reveals a definite
personality• Seen as an evolutionary process• 'Me' is the conformist aspect of the self, and the reflexive,
organised aspect of the self (Mead 1934: 197).
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Erving Goffman• Stigma (1963) Interaction Ritual (1967), Forms of Talk (1981)• Presentation of the Self in Everyday life (1956), • Dramaturgy - with human social behaviour seen as more or
less well scripted and with humans as role-taking actors.
– Role-taking is a key mechanism of interaction > reflexive awareness of self and others
– Role-making a key mechanism of interaction in unaccustomed situations
• improvisational quality of roles, with human social behaviour seen as poorly scripted and with humans as role-making improvisers.
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Blumer ‘meaning’
• meaning states that humans act toward people and things based upon the meanings that they have given to those people or things.
• Language gives humans a means by which to negotiate meaning through symbols.
• Thought, based on language, is a mental conversation or dialogue that requires role taking, or imagining different points of view
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“Minding”
• Minding is the two-second delay where individuals rehearse the next move and anticipate how others will react.
George Herbert Mead
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‘I’ looking at ‘you’
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STAGE
JohariOthersLike Me
Deviant Others
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Learning/socialisation
• From a period of imitation without meaning for infants, through the play-acting world of children
• Through such play, one develops and internalizes a group of perspective on the self that Mead termed the "generalized other.“ (society? community? policy?)
• the "inner voice" of the generalize other continues to whisper the complex requirements of being "human.“
• (links to Foucault’s panopticism)
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Michel Foucault Panopticism
• Surveillance & Spectacle• The silent power of editing what you do
because you are being watched, or think you are being surveilled.
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Deviance & labelling
• Howard Becker• Outsiders: Studies in the
sociology of deviance(1969)
• Studies of group values among ‘delinquents’ and emergence of shared codes, values contra ‘mainstream’ values
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Becker, labelling• Becker and labelling – ‘social groups create
(socially construct) deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitutes deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders.
• From this point of view, deviance is not a quality, of the act the person commits,
• but rather a consequence of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an ‘offender’.
• The deviant is one to whom that label has successfully been applied; deviant behaviour is behaviour that people so label.
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Taking the Role of the Other
• This is seeing the world through another’s eyes.
• Walking in someone else’s shoes
• Grown up version of having imaginary friends and talking to yourself.