Science Ch_12_Amla Kshar Lawan
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Transcript of Science Ch_12_Amla Kshar Lawan
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7/25/2019 Science Ch_12_Amla Kshar Lawan
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vEy] {kkj vkSj yo.kv/; k; 12
l R; e vi usfo| ky; dsokf"kZdksRl o l ekjksg esat knwfn[kkjgkFkkAml usviusgkFkksaesa,d i hys: eky dksfgyk; kAfQj ml usi kjn'khZnzo l sHkjs,d dkap dsfxykl esa: ekydksMkykAfxykl esaMkyrsgh: eky dkjax yky gksx; kAD; kl R; e t knwt kurkgS\
; fn ugharks,sl kD; ksagqvk\
: eky esadkSu&l ki nkFkZFkk\
fxykl esdkSu&l ko Fkk\
: eky dsjax cnyusdkD; kdkj.kFkk\
l R; e ds t knwdkjkt t kuusdsfy, ge dqN f; kdyki djdsns[krsgSaA
f;kdyki %1
,d pEep gYnhi kmMj yhft ,Abl esaFkksM+ki kuhfeykdj i sLV cukb,AL; kghl ks[krkCykWfVax i si j; kNuuki =fQYVj i si j; kl kkkj.kdkxt i j gYnhdki sLVyxkdj ml sl q[kkyhft ,Avc bl dhi ryh&i ryhi f; kdkV yhft ,Abl sgYnhi =dgrsgSaAvc gYnhi =dhi hi j ,d cwn l kcqu dkfoy; u ?kksyMkfy,AD; kml dkjax cnyrkgS\
f;kdyki 2
vki jkLrsl sjax&fcjaxsaQwyksat Sl sxqM+gy M+gqy,
xqykc] cs'kje v[kj ; kdjeh,cksxufofy; k] dusjvkfn dhi a[kqfM+; kyhft ,A
bUgsaNUuki =] l ks[krki =; kv[kckjhdkxtdh,d i hi j rc rd jxM+st c rd fdi a[kqfM+; ksadkjax NUuki =i j mrj u t k,A
m
fp= %12-1 l R;e}kjkt knwfn[kkuk
fp= 12-2 mM+gqy
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bul scusi=i j fofHkUu dkj dsfofy; u MkyrsgaSA
vc bl dsjax esaD; kcnyko vkrkgS\
di M+skksusdkl kcqu
vi ekt Zd
pwusdki kuh
uhacwdkjl
fl jdk
[kkusdkl ksMkuhykFkksFkk
ngh
'kDdj
i jh{k.kfoy;u
izHkko
gYi jnh =Ik mM+gy =
i ji djeh
i= i j
vU; jaxhuQwyksal scus
i= i j
fp= 12-3 djeh l kj.kh
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7/25/2019 Science Ch_12_Amla Kshar Lawan
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ued
nwfk; keSXuhf'k; e
vkyw
vksy
dan
'kSEi q(ruqfoy; u)
l ksMkt y
xakd d vEy (ruq)(cSVhdkvEy)
[kkusdkl ksM+kl ksfM; e gkbMkst u dkcksZusV
i jh{k.k
foy;u
izHkko
gYnh =i j Ik mM+gy =i j i djeh =i j ivU; jaxhuQwyksal scus
i= i j
pwusdki kuhcukusdhfof/k& ^jkl k; fud i fjorZu**v/; k; esacrkbZxbZgSA
gYnhi =] mM+gy i =,oadjehi =i j pwusdki kuhMkyusi j dqN esajax cnyrkgSvkSj dqNesajax ughacnyrkgSAuhacwdkj l ] mM+gy dsjax dksxgjkxqykchest sUVkdj nsrkgSi jUrqgYnhi j ml dkdksbZHkko ughai M+rkgSAt cfd l kcqu dsfoy; u gYnhdksyky dj nsrkgS
vkSj mM+gy dksgjkdj nsrkgSAvki usdHkhl kspkgSfd ,sl kD; ksagksrkgS\ budhl wphcukosaA
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7/25/2019 Science Ch_12_Amla Kshar Lawan
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uhacwdsjl t Sl ki jh{k.knsusokysi nkFkZdkSu&dkSu l sgSa\
,sl sinkFkZvEyh; dgykrsgSaA
l kcqu dsfoy; u t Sl ki jh{k.knsusokysi nkFkZdkSu&dkSu l sgSa\ budhl wphcukosaA
,sl sinkFkZ{kkjh; dgykrsgSaA
uhacwdsj l dkLokn dSl kgksrkgS\
bl dkj dsinkFkZk; vEyh; gksrsgSaA
gYnht Sl sinkFkZft udhenn l sge fdl hi nkFkZdsvEyh; ; k{kkjh; gksusdht kp
djrsgSamUgsal wpd dgrsgSaAxqM+gy ,oacs'kje dhi a[kqfM+; ksadkjax Hkhbl hdkj dkl wpd gksrkgSAbl dkj dsvkSj kfrd l wpd HkhgksrsgSaA
budhl wphcukosaA
psrkouh
ft u i nkFkZds[kk| ; kv[kk| gksusdsckjsesavki ughat kursgSaml su p[ksa; ku [kk,Aekrk&fi rk; kf'k{kd l si wNdj ghvut ku i nkFkZdkLokn ysaA
12-1 fyVel &,d kfrd l wpd
f;kdyki 3
uhacwdsjl esaFkksM+k i kuhfeykb,A MkWi j dhl gk; rkl sbl dh,d cwn dksyky fyVel i =(Litmus Paper)i j Mkfy,A
D; kbl dsjax esadksbZi fjokZu gksrkgS\ bl hi jh{k.kdksuhysfyVel i =dsl kFknksgjkb,Age ns[krsgSafd uhacwdkjl uhysfyVel i =dksyky dj nsrkgSat cfd yky fyVel i =i j dksbZHkko ughagksrkvFkkZr~bl dkjax ughacnyrkgSAbl hf;kdykidksmi jksDr rkfydkesafn, x, foy; u dsl kFk
l wpd
fp= 12-4
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nksgjk, vkSj viusi jh{k.kksadksl kj.khc) dhft ,A
D; kvki dhrkfydkesadqN ,sl sfoy; u gSaAt ksuhysfyVel dksyky dj nsrsgSa] mUgsa
vEyh; foy; u dgrsgSaAdqN ,sl sfoy; u gSa] t ksyky fyVel dksuhykdj nsrsgSa] mUgsa{kkjh; foy; u dgrsgSaA
i jh{k.kfoy;u
yky fyVel Ik=i j Hkko
uhysfyVel Ik=i j Hkko fu"d"kZ
uksV& R; sd foy; u dki jh{k.knksuksadkj dsfyVel i =i j djdsghvEyh; ,oa{kkjh; dhfr Li "V dhft ,AR; sd i jh{k.kdsmi jkar fyVeli =cny nhft ,AxhysHkkx dksi w.kZr%QkM+dj gVknhft ,A
osdkSu l sfoy; u gSaft udkuhysvkSj yky fyVel i =i j dksbZHkko ughagksrk\
osfoy; u ft udkuhysvkSj yky fyVel i =i j dksbZHkko ughai M+rk] mUgsamnkl hu
foy; u dgrsgSaA
uksV& R; sd foy; u bu rhu l ewgksaesafdl h&u&fdl hl ewg esavo'; vkt kukpkfg,A; fn ,sl kughagksrk] rks; ksx djusesat : j dksbZxyrhgqbZgksxhA
l kj.kh12-2
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f;kdyki 4
fQukFkyhu (Phenolphthalein)dsjaxghu vkSj xqykchl wpdyhft ,Avc mi jksDr rkfydkesafn, x, foy; u dkckjh&ckjhl sbu l wpdksai j i jh{k.kdj mUgsal wphc) dhft ,A
D; kvki dksdksbZ,sl kfoy; u feykt ksbu rhuksal ewgksaesaughaj[kkt kl ds\
i jh{k.kfoy;u jaxghu l wpd xqykchl wpd fu"d"kZfQukFkyhu l wpd
f'k{kd }kjkl wpd cukuk
fQukFkyhu dkjaxghu l wpd foy; u&fo| ky; ;ksx'kkyk; kvU; fo| ky; ds; ksx'kkykl s5 fe-yhfoy; u ysdj ml esabruki kuhfeyk, dhdqy vk; ru100 fe-yh- gkst k,AvFkok1 fe- xzke fQukFkyhu i kmMj dks100 fe-yh- i kuhesa?kksydj 0.1%foy; u rS; kj dhft ,Abl foy; u dksNUusi =l sNku
yhft ,Avki dkfQukFkyhu dkjaxghu l wpd foy; u rS; kj gksx; kA
fQukFkyhu dkxqykchl wpd foy;u&fQukFkyhu ds10 fe-yh- foy; u esabruki kuhMkysafd dqy vk; ru 200 fe-yh- gkst k,Abl esayxHkx 1 fe-yh- pwusdki kuhMkfy,Axqykchl wpd foy; u rS; kj gSA
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vEy dkuke fdl esaik;kt krkgS
,sl hfVd vEy
QkWfeZd vEy
l kbfVd vEy
ySfDVd vEy
vkWDl sfyd vEy
,sLdkWfcZd vEy foVkfeu
VkVZfjd vEy
C
fl jdk
phaVhdkMad
uhacwdqy dsfl Vl Qy t Sl sl arjk] uhacwvkfn
ngh
i kyd
vkoyk] fl Vl Qy]
beyh] vaxwj] dPpsvke vkfn
D;kvki t kursgSa
i j crk, x, l HkhvEy fr esai k, t krsgSaA
; fn fQukFkyhu dsfoy; u esai kuhMkyusl sfoy; u nwfk; kgkst k, rc ghfoy; u mi ; ksxesayk; kt kl drkgSA
psrkouh& fQukFkyhu dsl wpd foy; u l si jh{k.kdjrsl e; ; g t : jhgSfdi nkFkZdsfoy; u dhR; sd cwn Mkyusdsckn i j[kuyh; kckZu dksvPNhrjgfgyk; kt k,A
D; kvki crkl drsgSafd vEyh; foy; u dkfQukFkyhu dsjaxghu vkSj xqykchl wpdfoy; u i j D; kHkko i M+rkgS\ bl hdkj {kkjh; vkSj mnkl hu foy; uksadkjaxghu vkSjxqykchl wpd foy; u i j D; kHkko i M+rkgS\
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{kkj dkuke fdl esaik;kt krkgS
dSfYl ; e gkbMkWDl kbM
veksfu; e gkbMkWDl kbM
l ksfM; e gkbMkWDl kbM@i ksVSf'k; e gkbMkWDl kbM
eSXuhf'k; e gkbMkWDl kbM
pwusdki kuhf[kM+dhdsdkp vkfn l kQ djusdsfy, mi ; qDrekt Zd
l kcqu
nwfk; keSXuhf'k; e feYd vkWQ eSXuhf'k; e
f;kdyki 5 f'k{kd dhmi fLFkfr esa
vi usfo| ky; ; kvU; fo| ky; dh;ksx'kkykl sfuEufyf[kr j l k; uksadhi jh{k.kl kj.khdsvuql kj l wpdksadsHkko dksnf'kZr dhft ,Avi uss{k.kksadksrkfydkesafyf[k,A
[ruqgkbMksDyksfjd vEy ued dkvEy] ruql YQwfjd vEy xa/kd dk vEyruqukbfVdvEy ,sl hfVd vEy] l ksfM; e gkbMkWDl kbM] veksfu; e gkbMkWDl kbM rFkk dSfYl ; egkbMkWDl kbM(pwusdki kuh)]
fyVel =Ik
uhyk yky jaxghu xqykch
jl k;uksadkuke
gYnhi= dsl wpd
mM+gydsiq"i
fQukFkyhu foy;u fu"d"kZ
l kj.kh12-3
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vki usns[kkfd mnkl hu foy; uksadkl wpdksai j dksbZHkko ughagksrkAvki us;g Hkhns[kkfd l wpdksai j vEy vkSj {kkj dkHkko ,d&nwl jsdkmYVkgksrkgSArc D; k; g
l aHko gSfd vEy vkSj {kkj dksvki l esafeykusl s, sl kfoy; u cust ksmnkl hu gks\
psrkouh
; ksx'kkykesavEyksavkSj {kkjksadsj[kj[kko rFkkmi ; ksx esavR; fkd l kokkuhcjruhpkfg,AD; ksafd ; sl a{kkjd fr dsgksrsgSa] t ksRopkesat yu mRi Uu djrsgSavkSj ml sgkfu i gqpkrsgSaA
12-2 vEy vkSj {kkj dkvki l hl acak&mnkl huhdj.k
fdl hi j[kuyhds,d&pkSFkkbZHkkx dksruqgkbMksDyksfjd vEy ued dkvEyl sHkjyhft ,Abl dkjax uksV dhft ,AfQukWFkfyufoy; u dsjax dksHkhuksV dhft ,Ajaxghu
l wpd ds2-3 cwn vEy esafeykb,Ai j[kuyhdkskhjs&khjsfgykb,AD; kvki dksvEy ds
jax esadksbZcnyko fn[kkbZnsrkgS\
vEyh; foy; u esaMkWi j l sl ksfM; egkbMkWDl kbM(dkWfLVd l ksMk) dh,d cwn
f;kdyki 6 (f'k{kd dhmi fLFkfr esa)
Mkfy,Ai j[kuyhdkskhjs&khjsfgykb,AD; kfoy; u dsjax esadksbZcnyko gksrkgS\
foy; u dksfujarj fgykrsgq, cwn&cwn djdsl ksfM; e gkbMkWDl kbMfoy; u Mkyukrcrd t kjhj f[k, ] t c rd fd gYdkxqykchjax u vkt k,A
vc bl esaruqgkbMksDyksfjd vEy ued dkvEydh,d cwn vkSj feykb,Avki D; kns[krsgSa\
D; kfoy; u i qu%jaxghu gkst krkgS\
fp= 12-5
vEyh; vkSj {kkjh;foy;u esajax dkcnyuk
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mnkgj.kdsfy, ued dkvEy (gkbMksDyksfjd vEy) dksdkfLVd l ksMk(l ksfM; e gkbMkWDl kbM) dsfoy; u l smnkl hu djusi j ued (l ksfM; eDyksjkbM) curkgS] t ksyo.kgksrkgSA
gkbMksDyksfjd vEy + l ksfM; e gkbMkWDl kbMl ksfM; e DyksjkbM+ t y + "ek (HCl) (NaOH) (NaCl) (H2O)
; ku j [ksa& l Hkhmnkl hu foy; u yo.kdsfoy; u ughagksrsAt Sl s&'kDdj dkfoy; u ;kLVkpZdkfoy; u mnkl hu rksgksrkgSi j'kDdj vkSj LVkpZyo.kughagSaA
fQj l sl ksfM; e gkbMkWDl kbMdh,d cwn feykb,AD; kjax esadksbZi fjokZu gksrkgS\
D; kfoy; u iqu%xqykchgkst krkgS\
; g Li "V gSfd t c foy; u {kkjh; gksrkgS] rksfQukWFkyhu xqykchjax nsrkgSAbl dsfoi jhr]t c foy; u vEyh; gksrkgS] rks; g jaxghu jgrkgSA
t c fdl hvEyh; foy; u esa{kkjh; foy; u feyk; kt krkgSrksnksuksafoy; u ,d&nwl jsdsHkko dksmnkl hu dj nsrsgSaA
vEy vkSj {kkj dks,d fuf'pr ek=kesavki l esafeykusi j foy; u dhfr u rksvEyh;jgrhgSvkSj u gh{kkjh; Anwl js'kCnksaesa] vEy rFkk{kkj nksuksadhghfr yqIr gkst krhgSaA
bl dkj cukfoy; u u rksvEyh; gksrkgSvkSj u gh{kkjh; Abl f; kdksmnkl huhdj.kdgrsgSaA; s,d jkl k; fud i fjorZu gSD; ksafd bl esa,d u;ki nkFkZcurkgSA
mnkl huhdj.kdsrRdky ckn i j[kuyhdksLi 'kZdhft ,Avki usD; kvuqHko fd; k\
mnkl huhdj.kvfHkf; kesal nSo "ekfudyrhgS] foeqDr "ekl svfHkf;kfeJ .kdkrkic
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vikpu
gekjsvkek'k; esagkbMksDyksfjd vEy i k; kt krkgSAvki t Urqvksaesai ks"k.k**v; k; esai
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enkmipkjvki usdHkhns[kkgSfd [ksrksaesaQl yksadhi Snkokj ; ki kSkksadhof) vPNhughagksrhA
,sl kbl hfy, gksrkgSD; ksafd jkl k; fud moZjdksadkvR; fkd mi ; ksx gksusl sfehvEyh; gkst krhgSaA; fn fehvR; fkd vEyh; ; kvR; fkd {kkjh; gkst krhgSrksi kSkksadhof) vPNhughagksrhA; fn fehvR; fkd vEyh; gksrhgS] rksml esadyhpwuk(dSfYl ; e vkWDl kbM) vFkokcw>kgqvkpwuk(dSfYl ; e gkbMkWDl kbM) t Sl s{kkjksadhmfprek=kMkydj vEyksadsmnkl huhdj.k}kjki kSkksadhof) c
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7/25/2019 Science Ch_12_Amla Kshar Lawan
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vEyAcid
l wpdIndicator
{kkj Base vEyh; Acidicyo.k Salt {kkjh; Basickfrd Natural mnkl huhdj.k Neutralisationvi kpu Indigestion xqM+gy mM+gqyChina Roseruq Dilute dyhpquk Quicked Limecq>kgqvkpwuk Slaked Lime l ks[rkdkxt Blotting PaperNUuki = Filter Paper
u, 'kCn
vEy uhysfyVel dksyky dj nsrsgSaA{kkj yky fyVel dksuhykdj nsrsgSaA
osi nkFkZ] t ksu rksvEyh; gksrsgSavkSj u gh{kkjh; mnkl hu dgykrsgSA
,sl ki nkFkZft l ds}kjkfdl hinkFkZdsvEyh; ,oa{kkjh; gksusdht kp djrsgSa] ml sl wpd dgrsgSaA
vEy vkSj {kkj ,d&nwl jsdksmnkl hu djdsyo.kcukrsgSaAyo.kvEyh; ] {kkjh;vFkokmnkl hu fr dsgksrsgSaA
vEy k; %Lokn esa[ksgksrsgSaA{kkj k; %Lokn esadM+okgksrkgSrFkkmudkLi 'kZl kcqu t Sl kgksrkgSA
geusl h[kk
1.fjDr LFkkuksadhi wfrZdhft ,
(i) vEy uhysfyVel i =dks---------------------- dj nsrkgSA(ii) vEy dkLokn --------------- vkSj {kkj dkLokn -------------------- gksrkgSA
(iii) mnkl huhdj.kvfHkf; kesa---------------------- vkSj -------------------- cursgSaA
(iv) gYnhi =i j [kfM+; ki kmMj ?kksy Mkyusl sbl dkjax ------------------ gkst krkgSA
(v) uhykFkksFkkdkWi j LkYQsV,d -------------------------- gSA
vH;kl
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2.feyku dhft ,
dkWye d* dkWye [k*
(i) fQukFkyhu (a) QkWfeZd vEy
(ii) vaxwj (b) mnkl hu
(iii) dyhpwuk (c) l wpd
(iv) yky phaVh (d) VkVZfjd vEy
(v) okWVj dyj (e) {kkj
3.vEyksa,oa{kkjksadschp varj crkb,A
4.,d ;ksx'kkykesaf'k{kd usvEy vkSj {kkj ds1-1 yhVj foy; u ?kksycukdj j [ksAvEydsfoy; u dhnl cwanksal s{kkj dhnl cwanksadkmnkl huhdj.kgksrkFkkAxyrhl snksuksaesal s,d foy; u esai kuhfxj x; kAt c fQj l smnkl huhdj.kfd; kx; krksvEy dh10 cwanksadsfy, {kkj dh15 cwansayxhaAcrkosafd i kuhfdl ?kksy esafxj x; kFkkvkSj fdruki kuhfxjkgksxk\
5.,sl kD; ksagksrkgS%
(i) t c vki vfr vEyrkl si hfM+r gksrsgSa] rksfr vEy dhxksyhysrsgSaA(ii) t c phaVhdkVrhgS] rksRopki j dSysekbu dkfoy; u yxk; kt krkgSA
(iii) dkj[kkusdsvi f'k"V dksufn; ksaesacgkusl si gysml smnkl hu fd; kt krkgSA
(iv) rkt egy dhl qUnjrku"V gksrht kjghgSA
6.mnkl huhdj.kdhf; kdksnksmnkgj.knsrsgq, l e>kb,A
7. rhu cksryksaesavEy] {kkj vkSj mnkl hu foy; u fn; sx; sgSAi jUrqbu cksryksai j foy; u
dkuke ughafy[kkx; kgSAgYnhi =}kjkfoy; u dhi gpku dSl sdjsaxs\8.D; kvkl qr t y vEyh; @{kkjh; @mnkl hu gksrkgS\ vki bl dhi qf"V dSl sdjsaxsA
9.uhysfyVel i =dks,d foy; u esaMqcks; kx; kA; g uhykghjgrkgSAfoy; u dhfrD; kgS\ l e>kb,A
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i fj;kst ukdk;Z
1. Qwyksa,oal fCt ; ksal smudsfoy; u rS; kj dhft ,Abudkmi ; ksx l wpd ds: i esa
djdsvEyh; vkSj {kkjh; foy; uksadki jh{k.kdhft ,Avi uss{k.kdks,d l kj.khesaLrqr dhft ,A
2. vEyksavkSj {kkjksadsKku dkmi ; ksx dj rsgq, l qanj ckkbZi =cukb, rFkkxqIr l ans'kfyf[k,Al e>kb, ; g dSl sdk; ZdjrkgSA
3. vi usxko ; k[ksr dh fehdkuewukyhft ,A; g ekywe dhft , fd ; g vEyh; gS]{kkjh; gSvFkokmnkl huAfdl ku dsl kFkckrphr dhft , fd osfehdkmi pkjfdl dkj dj rsgSaA
4. vki ?kj vFkokvkl &i kl dsi fjokjksal s; g t kuusdk;kl dhft , fd vfrvEyrkdkmi pkj djusdsfy, osdkSu&l hnokbZ; kysrsgSaAvfr vEyrkesa; g dSl sdkedjrkgSA
162