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1
25 (0601~0626)
2507-9745
(United Kingdom UK)
(Great Britian)(North Ireland)(England)(Scotland)(Wales)
(Republic of Ireland) British Empire
3400 1947 1997
-
2
1~5 (Britannia)
(Emperor Hadrian)
(Picts) 75 5
( Vortigern )()(Celtic ) Jutes
(Hengist)(Horsa) Jutes Angles
Saxons (Ambrosius)(
) 600 (Cornwall)
(Visigoths)(Alaric)410
12
1066 10 10661087
(106611541348~49 1/3~1/2
: 1. Thirty Years, War, 1618-1648
2. Napoleonic Wars,1792-1815
-
3
3.
(1485~1603 )(1455~85 )(
)1485~1509 ( Henry VII )
(Lancaster )(Elizabeth of York,
)
()(
Hanseatic League 1485 Bosworth )
1509 ( 15 )
1587 Sir Walter Raleigh Roanoke
1588 Gravelines
1588 8 Gravelines
1588 (Elizabeth I )
-
4
1589, 1595, 1596, 1604 ( 20 )
1604Stuart Dynasty(James I )
1607
1700 1816 900 (
) 40%1707
1689-1815
1763 1815
16
19
-
5
( 1485~1509 ) (1491~1547 ) 1533~1603
15 ()
( 1553 15 )16 Lady Jane Grey,
( Mary, Queen of Scots ) 46
Lancaster(1399~1461 ) York( 1461~85
)( Isabella I
Juana I
de Castilla (La Loca ) Felipe I el Hermoso
Charles V( King Charles I of Spain )
(Cather l i ne o f Aragon) ) Arthur
(
)( )
18 1526( Anne
Boleyn )( 1417
Martin V Statute of Provisors
Statute of Provisors ) Cardinal
Thomas Wolsey Charles V( , )
( Anne Bokeyn )
Thomas Cramer Thomas Cromwell
1534 Act of Supremacy 1535
Sir Thomas More ()
1533 Anne Bokeyn 1536~39 570
() Martin Luther John Calvin
()( Reformation Protestantism )("
The seven sacraments " Fidei Defensor FD )
20
Thomas Wolsey
-
6
( Jane Seymour )
1537 10 ( Edward VI )
1547
.( Jane Seymour )Edward VI of England & Irland, 1547~53
. Somerset .( Edward Seymour )
.. Catherine Parr . Jane Grey
1549
Eari of Warwick . John Dudley 1552
.
..
1553 16 . Jane Grey
..
.
.
( King Philip of Spain ) 5 300
.
1558
.
.
..
.
.( Lord Robert Dudly )
.
.
.
( Master of Horse )
1559
1560
1560 9
1565 .
-
7
1573 .
1579 . 45
23
1588
.
1584
33
.
1590 .
.
1591
.
1598
1601 34
..1542
1558 1560
1561
-
8
: 1546 ( 6 )( Edward VI ) Edward Seymour
1553 (15 )
: (Ca the r l ine o f Aragon) Bloody Mray Mary I
Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex
Hans Holbein der Jngere 1532
1540
Anne of Cleves ( Anna von Jlich-Kleve-Berg) Catherine Howard
Catherine Parr
1553 7 ()
300 15531558
Philip II
Woodstock1558 25
1 15
45
William Cecil
Robert Dudley (
) Eric Anjou
(
(
)
-
9
( Protestant ) William Tyndale and Myles Coverdale Geneva Bible, 1560 1601
16 John Knox, The Preaching of Knox before the Lords of the Congregation, 10th June
1559 by David Wilkie, 1862. 1546 George Wishart
( )( 1559
Act of Uniformity and Supremacy The Church of England
Anglican Church Episcopal Puritanism )
(
-
1
0
)( Golden Speech 1601 )
There will never Queen sit in my seat with more zeal to my country, care for my subjects, and that will sooner with willingness venture her life for your good and safety, than myself. and though you have had and may
have many princes more mighty and wise sitting in this seat, yet you never had nor shall have any that will be more careful and loving.
the happy and quiet and most sweet and comfortable peace we have long enjoyed and, blessed be God and Your Majesty, do still
enjoy 1603 3 24 () 70
James IV of Scotland( Mary , Queen of Scots )" The Maiden Queen Elizabeth came into this world the Eve of Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and died on the Eve of the Annunciation of the
Virgin Mary " 45
Spanish Armada
:
1. (165254 ) : 1652 5 7 8
1653 8
1654 4
2. (166467 ) : 1664
8 1665 6 22
1666 5 8
9 10
6 19
1667 7
3. (167274 ) : 1672 5
1673 3 6
8 1674 2
20
-
1
1
The English Fleet engages the Spanish Amarda
1570 John HawkinsFrancis DrakeMartin Frobisher (
()(
Sea Dogs ) Explorers Mariners Merchant Adventurers
Privateers1587
Francis Drake (
) Cadiz Azores 7 21 ()
( 15 11 2000
8 7 ) Spanish Armada
Ark Royal53
Francis Drake
El Draque 20
( )
1937~70 Half Penny Drake's Drum
-
1
2
Ruff,
17
1758 156
77
1759 4
: 1572 ( )(
)
: 1575 ( )( )
: Isaac Oliver 1600 67 ()()
Nicholas Hilliard
()Drake
Walter Raleigh, Humphrey Galbert ()( Virginia,
) Sir Walter Raleigh 1585~90 Roanoke () Jamestown
) Thomas Gresham Jack Hawkins, Humphrey Gilbert, Francis
Drake, Walter Raleigh( )( 1577
)( 1583 )(1600 )
LLOYD'S TWININGS
-
1
3
45 () William Shakespeare Edmund
Spenser Philip SidneyChristopher Marlowe William Hararvey Robert Boyle Robert
Hooke (1665 Micrographia ).
( Francis Bacon )
18
1660
18
1640
1753
William Hogarth The Analysis of Beauty
18
(Thomas Gainsborough,1727~88)
Cottage Door, 1780 The Market Cart, 17861781
: The Market Cart, Thomas Gainsborough, 1786, National Gallery London
: Landscape in Suffolk, Thomas Gainsborough, 1750, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria
18 (
-
1
4
An Election Entertainment featuring the anti-Gregorian calendar banner "Give us our Eleven Days", William Hogarth, 1755.
Stuart ( James I 1714 )( House of Commons)( Council of
Crown )1603 3 The wisest
fool in Christendom Great Britain Act of Union 1607
Sir Edward Coke
1611~12 1618~48
Act of Parliament (Petition of Right ) 1628
() William Laud Canterbury English Prayer Book 1638
( Ulster )1642
East Anglian Oliver Cromwell
( Roundheads ) 1645 Naseby ( )
2/3 1649 1 31 1649~60
House of Lords Anglican (
)
1658 ( Lord Protector )1660
( the Glorious Revolution
()?
)1679
(The Exclusion Bill)
-
1
5
(the
political eighties)
: Charles II
: 1685~88 James II
: King William III of England ( William II of Scotland )
( 1688 House of Stuaart
James Jacobus Jacobites )
()1689 Mary
William of Orange ( Auld Alliance with France )
George (18 )( 1837~1901 )( 1. [
http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/KingsQueensofBritain/]2. [ http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/
] ) 1652~53 Robert Blake ( Navigation Act, 1650~51)
Marlborough John Churchill (1704~06 14 1713 Utrecht )
1714 1715, 1745 Jacobite Prince Charles Edward (
Bonny Prince Charlie )William, Duke of Cumberland Culloden
tartans bagpipe( 2014
: ! )
Francis Bacon
( Royal Society ) Wellington Arthur Wellesley (1815
) Vis count Nelson(1805
)
( 1684 Sir Isaac Newton 1687 "Principia"
Edmund Harley )( Watt
) Birmingham Sheffield ( musket
)( Coak Derbyshire 1740 Benjamin
Huntsman John Wikinson
Matthew Boulton Watt 1857
-
1
6
Robert Mushet 1879 Thomas & Gilchrist
1800 Alfred Krupp )
()
( )
Isambard Kingdom
Brunel 1838 1845
: 20 An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes
of the Wealth of Nations ,1776
: James Watt , John Roebuck 1712
Thomas Newcomen ( 1698 Thomas Savery )
1784 Martthew Boulton 50
-
1
7
George Stephenson 1829 Rocket Robert & Henry Booth
) 30 Giosue Carducci, 1863 Hymn to Sattan :
,,
Charles
Yerkes, Andrew Carnegie, John. D. Rockefeller
1860
1841~42
Herbert Kitchener 1898 9 2 Omdurman 17000
20 Khalifa 11000 13000 5000
47 382
: Deptford Dockyard ( Convoys Wharf ) , 1747 , John Cleveley the Elder
1698 1513
: The 'Royal George' at Deptford Showing the Launch of 'The Cambridge', 1755, by John Cleveley the Elder
1702 272 1793 498 1805 949
1854 3 31
3 31 1886
(Ito Hirobumi)
19
-
1
8
15 ()
24 15
18 ()
( 1884 )(
) 0 74
150
(John Harrison)chronometer :
1714 (Longitude Board) 7 8
2/3 15000
15
6 < 3
2 4
! 1714
1800 4 !
1735 (John Harrison)
H1 42kg 13m 1736
H1 H1
H1
H1
H1 100 100 3
H2 H2 H1
-
1
9
1757 H3 60cm 30cm 35kg H3 753
H3
(Bimetallic Strip)(Caged Roller Bearing)
1759 13mm1.45kg H4 1765 H4 H1
H4 4 H4
1773 ( 18750)
: (John Harrison)chronometer
: ( James Cook )
( James Cook ) 1768 ( C
) 1778~79
(
http://203.145.193.110/NSC_INDEX/Journal/EJ0001/9408/9408-11.pdf )
1921
1868 1871 1884
1966
1884 1885 1895
1966
1919
1961
1661 1821 1888 1894
1965
1631 1821~74 1828~43
-
2
0
1830 1874 1904
1919 1957
1882 1914~22 1922
1954
1886 1888 1895
1920 1963
1814 1968
1851 1861 1885 1886
1892~98 1900
1914 1919 1960
1891 1924 1953
1964
1875 1891 1907
1953 1964
1787 1807 1896
1961
1893 1923
1953 1964 1965
1980
1884 1897 1905 1940 1941
1960
1795 1806 1814 1872
1900 1843 1910
1878 1884 1915
1919 1990
1890 1906 1968
1880 1898
1956
1919 1961 1964
-
2
1
1841 1890 1963
1890 1894 1896
1905 1962
1815 1922
1796 1803
1831 3 1966
1636
1786 1862 1884 1884
1981
1760 1763 1791
1867
1765 1774 1833 1841
1982
15 1583
1713 1855 1934
1949
1650 1663 1882~1967
1967 1969
1632 1663 1981
1717 1973
1625 1663 1966
1612 1684
-
2
2
1666 1713
1670 1959
1761 1778 1783 1978
1762 1779 1783 1974
1655 1962
1632 1663 1664~1768 1782~1784
1623 1663 1782
1783 1882 1983
1778 1783 1796 1803 1814
1979
1762 1779 ~1783 1979
1797 1888 1962
1678 1766
1973
1651 1661 1834
1815 1816 1938
1819 1908
1917 1959 60
1839 1858
1936 1963
1967 1990
-
2
3
1864 1911
1947
1884 1906 1949
1888 1942~45 1983
18241852 1885
1937 1942~45 1948
1796 1802 1815
1948 1972
1842 1860 1898
99 1984 1997
1609 1639 Madras1668
( )1694 1754Muhammad Ali
1757 Plassey (Calcutta,
Madras, Bombay)1773~85 Warren Hastings 1805 Trafalgar
1858
1876 1947
1972
1920 1922
1932 1941 1945
1899 1961
1874~1930 1896
1942 1945 1948
1896 1957 1963
1887 1965
1918 1920 1948
1814 1816
1947
1881 1906
-
2
4
1942~45 1963
19 1891 1971
1916 1971
1841 1861 1905
1942 1945 1946
1963
1826
1858 1867
1948 1957
1959 1963 1965
1918 1920 1921
1923 1946
1887 1971
1898 1930
1878 1914 1960
1704 1713
1800 2 1814 1964
1770
1788 1855 1824
1859
1834 1836
1855 1803
-
2
5
1825 1856
1834 1851 4
1826 1890 1901
1892 1916 1978
1892 1916 1979
1835 1874
1970
1968
1769 1770 1840
1856
1790 9 1838
1893 1978
1879 1900 1970
1588
1815
4~5
3,000 20%
24
17 ()(1660)
1665 4 ~1666 9 bubonic Plague 1666 9
2~5 ( Pudding Lane ) 78
1666
Nicholas Barbon 1667 Insurance Office for Houses
-
2
6
Sir Christopher Wren Nicholas Hawksmoor
1675~1710 75
1666 ( The Great Fire of London ) Caius Gabriel Cibber
Soho() Piccadilly()
Piccadilly 17
1890
Regent St.() Shaftesbury ave.()
-
2
7
John O'Connor Sunset1884, George Gilbert Scott St. Pancras
gentlemen club Mayfair, Hay Market
1413 (13871422 )
1491~1547 peers
knights Sir e'squires
gentlemen kalokagathia
kalos agathos
17
( ++)
alehouses ( pub, public house )18
19 19
18 (
)
19 19 ()
Viscount Palmerston
1717
1717
-
2
8
Prime Minister,
1837~1901 1851 5 1
Prince Albert Joseph Paxton ( plate glass )
( 17
)
( cast-iron ) 562x124m, L xW Crystal Palace ( Great Exhibiition )
( )
Sydenham" Winter Park and Garden under glass
85 1936 Victoria and Albert Museum, V& A
Science Museum
,1871,
"The Great Diamond of Runjeet Singh, called 'Koh-i-Noor,' or Mountain of Light."
Daria-i-Noor
-
2
9
(Mansion House)
100 250
200
( 1/3 )
1688
-
3
0
1885 Frank coop of Wigan
:
William Hogarth Gin lane, 1743 Thomas Gainsborough The morning walk of Mr and Mrs William Hallett, 1785
'
( Charles Dickson, 1812~70 ) Oliver Twist David Copperfield
( New Poor Law )
1952 12 5 9 12000
The Smoke 1956
-
3
1
()
16001858
1600
The Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies
1600 12 31 15
125 7.2 1613
Aurangzeb Surat 1639 Madras
1668 1661 (1660
1685 )1687 1689
1698 1694 Charles Eyre John Goldsborough
18 ( Royal Charter ) 150 15
18 Muhammad Ali Carnatic
1754~63 ( --
-- )
1757
Robert Clive Plassey ( Mir Jaffa 2800 )
17731774~85Warren Hasting
1764 1797~1805 Richard Wellesley
1786~93 Lord Cornwallis 1812~23 Lord Hastings
()()
1835 Lord Bentinck ( 1828~35 ) 1848 Lord Dalhousie (1848~56 )
1857~58
19 1857 (Viceroy)
-
3
2
( (1765 3 22
1766 3 1767 1 ) 1774~85
Warren Hastings) 1773 12 16( Samuel Adams
John Hancock 60 Dartmouth 1.5 342 ( 18000
))
1775 4 1776 7 4
1781 Grave de Grasse Chesapeake
(1780 52 58 20
90 ) Cornwallis at Yorktown
( 1756 1762
) 1782
(( Tory Party ) Benjamin Disraeli ( 1830
Lord Gray Whigs )Gladstone )
Artisan's and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act 1875
1875 Public Health Act 1875 Sale of Food
and Drugs Act Education Act Factory Act 1875
Conspiracy and Protection of PropertyAct 1875 Employers
and Workmen Act
1805 Trafalgar ( Viscount Nelson Duck of Arthur Wellington
)
1815~1914 Pax Britannica
1 100 500 1000 2000
10000
Nelson's Knife1805 8~12 33
VictoryBattle of Trafalgar
-
3
3
:
England expects that every man will do his
duty
Thomas Hardy
St Paul's Cathedral( 1843 )
19 Viscount Horatio Nelson
Duck of Arthur Wellington 1798~1800
() 1807
1806~07
1808~12
-
3
4
Nelson Wellington
1815 Waterloo in Belgium ()
40000 () 22000
1828
and anotherthing
1846 commander-in-chief
1897
1813 1833 ( )
1838 1400 JardinesApcar and CompanyP&O Sir George
Thomas Staunon 271 262
1840 Thomas Wade
Taipei aibei1848 19
1870 1914 (Adam Smith's
Wealth of Nations , 1776 )
Joseph Chamberlain
-
3
5
1865 Alexandrina
Victoria
1846 , Franz Xaver Winterhalter Prince Alfred and the Prince of Wales; the Queen and Prince Albert; Princesses Alice, Helena and Victoria
( 1837~1901)Albert of Saxe-Coburg 1
3569 2478
B ( Hemophilia,
X Xq27. 127. 2 IX ) 3
3
9
1906 13
Alexandra Alexandra Alexandr
20
B
Name Birth Death Spouse and children
-
3
6
Name Birth Death Spouse and children
Victoria, Princess Royal, later German Empress and Queen of Prussia
21 November 1840 5 August 1901
Married 1858, Frederick, Crown Prince of Germany and Prussia later Frederick III, German Emperor and King of Prussia (18311888); 4 sons, 4 daughters (including Wilhelm II, German Emperor and King of Prussiaand Sophia, Queen of Greece)
Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII
9 November 1841 6 May 1910
Married 1863, Princess Alexandra of Denmark (18441925); 3 sons, 3 daughters (including King George V and Maud, Queen of Norway)
Princess Alice, later Grand Duchess of Hesse
25 April 1843 14 December
1878
Married 1862, Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (18371892); 2 sons, 5 daughters (including Alexandra, Empress of Russia)
Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh later Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
6 August 1844 31 July 1900
Married 1874, Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (18531920); 2 sons (1 still-born), 4 daughters (including Marie, Queen of Romania)
Princess Helena 25 May 1846 9 June 1923 Married 1866, Christian of Sonderburg-Augustenburg (18311917); 4 sons (1 still-born), 2 daughters
Princess Louise later Duchess of Argyll
18 March 1848 3 December 1939 Married 1871, John Douglas Sutherland Campbell (18451914), Marquess of Lorne, later 9th Duke of Argyll; no issue
Prince Arthur later Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
1 May 1850 16 January 1942 Married 1879, Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia (18601917); 1 son, 2 daughters
Prince Leopold later Duke of Albany
7 April 1853 28 March 1884 Married 1882, Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont (18611922); 1 son, 1 daughter
Princess Beatrice 14 April 1857 26 October 1944
Married 1885, Prince Henry of Battenberg (18581896); 3 sons, 1 daughter (including Victoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain)
:
1875 Benjamin Disraeli
Isma'il Pasha 4 Suez Canal 40%
1882 (
1954 1884 3/4 )
1828 1878
1854~56
-
3
7
Naser-ol-Din Shah 1859 ( Order of
Garter )( Tresarevna )
50
Naser-ol-Din Shah 1873 Maria Alexandrovna
1842
(1837~1901 ) Pashtun 1880
-
3
8
1919
St. Pancras Hotel From Pentonville Road looking west evening, John O'Connor1884. Museum of London.
: George Gilbert Scott St. Pancras
1890 1899-1902 (1795
, Boer 1652
, 60
,
the people of Africa Boers Transvaal
Boer 40 1898~1901
2.5
-
3
9
1879 Isandhlwana
Cecil Rhodes
( De Beers )
1900 (Joseph Chamberlain,
)
-
4
0
1757 1770
19 1857
Mahraltas, Sikhs Gurkhas
General Lord Cornwallis, receiving two of Tipu Sultan's sons as hostages in the year 1793.
Tipu Sultan's Tiger. Victoria and Albert Museum, London
Tipu Sultan ( "the Tiger of Mysore") Tipu's Tiger
Kabul 15 Amir 1854~56
-
4
1
1858 1876
1839~42
18
19 Charles Dickens, Mr Podsnap
1914 (
250 1/10'( 800 700 1500
)
1919 6 28
()
1920 1920~30
)
1922 1/4 1/4
20 ( 50 )
54 ( British Commonwealth of Nations;
Lord Durham )
-
4
2
300
( Lord Durham )
14 16
Stuart 1715,1745
Kilt( Tartans)( bagpipe)(
)
( )( Ireland, Emerald Isle )
12 800 1541 1690 Wil l iam of
Orange James II
1770 1801
()
120 20
1919
1921 12 26
6 ()1922-23 1937
1948 12 21 6
1969 1960s~90
1988 1990
Celtic tiger2008 850
17 1 Trinity College, Dublin
-
4
3
Trinity College, Dublin Trinity Digital Exhibition Ireland's oldest university, Trinity College in Dublin is one of the country's ancient treasures. Founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I, Trinity is a world within a world, once you enter the gates and cross the cobblestones it's as if the modern thriving city outside simply melts away. A stroll in and around the grounds is a journey through the ages and into the hushed world of scholarly pursuit. Many shop and office workers take their lunchtime sandwiches here during summer months simply to escape the hustle and bustle outside. The college is famed for its priceless treasures including the awe-inspiring Book of Kells (on permanent exhibition) and the mind-boggling Long Room (the inspiration for the library in the first Harry Potter movie). 2 The Cliffs of Moher
-
4
4
The Cliffs of Moher So many superlatives have been used to describe these magnificent cliffs it's hard to find the right words. Vertigo-inducing and awe-inspiring spring to mind and they are indeed both of these things as well as being utterly wild and ruggedly beautiful. For those who've read up on the Emerald Isle prior to visiting, the cliffs will be familiar, starring as they do in countless postcards and guidebooks. Yet no image can ever do them justice. This is Ireland's most visited natural attraction and with good reason. About one and a half hours by car from Galway, in neighbouring County Clare, the cliffs are visited by close to a million people from across the globe each year. They stretch for eight kilometers along the Atlantic and rise some 214 meters at their highest point. Take a walk along the trail to experience the raw power of nature at its most majestic. 3 Glendalough, Co. Wicklow
-
4
5
Glendalough, Co. Wicklow Magical and mysterious, Glendalough is home to one of the most important monastic sites in Ireland. The settlement was established by St. Kevin during the 6th century and eventually evolved into what's known as the Monastic City. Visitors have flocked to the valley of the two lakes for thousands of years to absorb its rich history, magnificent scenery, plentiful wildlife, and fascinating archaeological finds. The monastic site with its incredibly preserved round tower is a joy to explore, and the surrounding woodlands and lakes are perfect for rambling through at your leisure or stopping off for a picnic. There are marked nature trails to follow and a Visitor Centre for all the information you'll need for a day out like no other.
Glendalough Map 4 Grafton Street Area, Dublin
Grafton Street Area, Dublin
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4
6
So much more than a shopping street, Grafton Street is alive with buskers, flower-sellers, and performance artists. You will also find countless places to stop off and simply watch the worldmeander by. Caf culture has taken off in the capital, and on a sunny day, you'd be forgiven for thinking you were in Barcelona or Lisbon. True, this is Dublin's shopping heartland, but there's no need to spend a fortune if visiting. You'll find friendly, chatty service no matter where you go and be entertained from the bottom of the street to St. Stephen's Green at the top. Grab a coffee or, in the mornings, a legendary Irish breakfast at Bewley's Oriental Caf. Take time as well to duck down the numerous alleyways and streets to see what you can discover. 5 Muckross House & Gardens, Killarney, Co. Kerry
Muckross House & Gardens, Killarney, Co. Kerry bea & txema If visiting the Kerry region, 19th-century Muckross House and Gardens, set in spectacularKillarney National Park, should be top of the must-see list. Standing close to the shores of Muckross Lake, one of Killarney's three lakes that are famed worldwide for their splendor and beauty, this former mansion oozes the grandeur and gentility of bygone days. When exploring, bear in mind that Queen Victoria once visited here. In those days, a royal visit was no small affair; extensive renovations and re-landscaping took place in preparation, and no detail was left to chance. The house and gardens are a real treat and there are Jaunting Cars (Killarney's famous horse & traps) to take you around the grounds in style. The adjacent Traditional Farmsare also well worth taking in for a taste of how the ordinary folk once lived.
-
4
7
6 Kilmainham Gaol, Dublin
Kilmainham Gaol, Dublin Featured in many a rebel song and occupying a notoriously dark place in Irish history, Kilmainham Gaol should be high on the list for those with any interest in Ireland's troubled past. It was here that the leaders of the 1916 Uprising were brought and, after being convicted of High Treason, executed in the prison yard. The only one spared was future Irish President Eamon De Valera who, by virtue of his American citizenship, didn't suffer the same grisly fate. Dating from 1796, the prison was a dank vile institution that housed those guilty of such misdemeanours as being unable to pay their train fares and, during the famine, the destitute and hungry. In Irish eyes, Kilmainham became an irrevocable symbol of oppression and persecution. A visit here will open your eyes and senses and remain with you indelibly. The yard mentioned earlier is particularly spine chilling. In short, this is one of Ireland's absolute must-sees.
-
4
8
7 Powerscourt House and Gardens, Co. Wicklow
Powerscourt House and Gardens, Co. Wicklow Superb views, serene lakeside walks, engaging history, and the stunning backdrop of Sugarloaf Mountain are just some of the treats in store when visiting this magnificent home, just 20 km from Dublin. Now owned by the Slazenger family, the house is set on 47 manicured acres. Take time to stroll through the Rose and Kitchen Gardens and explore the beautiful Italian Gardens. There are more than 200 varieties of trees, shrubs, and flowers, and particularly moving is a section where much-loved family pets were buried complete with headstones and inscriptions. The gardens were laid out over a period of 150 years and were designed to create an estate that blends harmoniously with the surroundings. On site, in the former Palladian home, are craft and design shops and an excellent caf/restaurant. Truly one of the most majestic attractions in Ireland, a visit here shouldn't be missed. 8 Dalkey and Killiney on Dublin's south coast
Dalkey and Killiney on Dublin's south coast
-
4
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Escape the city for a while, jump on a DART (Dublin's light rail system) and head for charming Dalkey/Killiney, a mere 25-minutes southbound from the city center. The picture-postcard village of Dalkey attracts visitors from around the world, perhaps something to do with the eclectic arty population, including such figures as Bono of U2, singer/songwriter Enya, filmmaker Neil Jordan, and a host of other artists and writers. Indeed, the village is so famous that Michelle Obama stopped off here during her 2013 visit with her daughters to have lunch at Finnegan's with the U2 singer and his family. There's a wonderful Heritage Center, set in a castle, and spectacular walks along the coast and up onto adjacent Killiney Hill. A ferry service starting in summer 2014 will bring you across to beautiful Dalkey Island, just a couple of minutes from Coliemore Harbour. In recent years, friendly and intimate Dalkey Book Festival has attracted giants of the literary world each June. 9 The Aran Islands
The Aran Islands Originally brought to world attention in 1934 by the fictionalised documentary Man of Aran, these islands have been entrancing visitors ever since. This is a taste of Ireland as it once was. Gaelic is the first language, there are a mere 12,000 inhabitants, and once ashore, you'll feel as if you're in a time warp. There are three islands, the largest being Inishmore, then Inishmaan, and the smallest is Inisheer. Wild, windswept, rugged, and utterly unique, the islands offer a visitor experience quite like no other. Once experienced, the great stone fort of Dun Aonghasa and the towering cliffs of Aran will never be forgotten. The local culture is quite different from that of the mainland, the archaeological heritage cannot be found elsewhere and the rich scenery is simply breathtaking.
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10 The Little Museum of Dublin
The Little Museum of Dublin William Murphy A recent addition to the capital's museums, The Little Museum should be top on the list for anybody wishing to grasp Dublin's recent history. The museum grew organically from a 'meet and greet' service for visitors and quickly became what we see today. As well as informative, personally guided tours, new initiatives include Dublin by Land & Sea and The Green Mile Walking Tour. On permanent exhibition are such items as the lectern used by John F. Kennedy during his 1963 visit to Ireland and a U2 exhibition with mementos donated by band members themselves. This is a joyful museum that celebrates Dublin with all its quirkiness and humor. 11 The Ring of Kerry
The Ring of Kerry Alex Ranaldi If in Kerry, take the time to explore what is arguably Ireland's most scenic route, the Ring of Kerry(Iveragh Peninsula). Of course you can start anywhere along the way, however most set out from either Kenmare or Killarney ending, naturally enough, back in the same spot. The entire journey non-stop could take under three hours, but that's unlikely to happen. En-route there's a feast of jaw-dropping Atlantic Ocean views, stunning islands to visit, wild sweeping mountains, and many picturesque villages. This area of astounding natural beauty boasts a range of
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outdoor pursuits including golf, water sports on pristine beaches, cycling, walking, horse-riding, and terrific freshwater fishing and deep-sea angling. For history enthusiasts, there are Ogham Stones, Iron Age forts, and ancient monasteries, all set against a canvas of striking landscapes. 12 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin
St. Stephen's Green, Dublin Beloved by Dubliners and with a colorful history, tranquil St. Stephen's Green is a great place to wind down, enjoy a picnic, or feed the ducks. Incidentally, during the 1916 Uprising, special dispensation was given on both sides to the park keepers. Hostilities ceased daily so that the ducks could be properly fed. It could only happen in Dublin. Nowadays 'The Green', as it's known locally, boasts beautifully maintained gardens, the ubiquitous Duck Pond, a picturesque bridge, recreation grounds, mature trees to rest beneath, and a playground. Around the perimeter are many of Dublin's premier Georgian buildings as well as the iconic Shelbourne Hotel, founded in 1824, where afternoon tea in the Lord Mayor's Lounge is considered by many to be a real treat.
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13 Kinsale, Co. Cork
Kinsale, Co. Cork Soaked in history, and in a scenic coastal setting at the gateway to West Cork, Kinsale has been attracting large numbers of visitors for decades. The town has a decidedly Spanish feel, particularly in summer. This is hardly surprising bearing in mind that in 1601, three years after the defeat of the Spanish Armada, the Spanish sent a military force to Ireland, most of whom disembarked at Kinsale. This led to the English laying siege to the town and ultimately the defeat of Spanish and Irish forces by superior English military might. Kinsale is now a magnet for those who love sailing, fishing, walking, marvellous scenery, and great food. The town is packed with restaurants of all sorts and the seafood on offer is excellent. There's an annual Gourmet Festivalamong others, and a visit to imposing Charles Fort shouldn't be missed. 14 Bunratty Castle & Folk Park
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Bunratty Castle & Folk Park A visit to the Shannon region wouldn't be complete without coming here. Dating from 1425, the castle is the best-preserved medieval fortress in Ireland and was lovingly restored in the 1950s. Containing a fine array of 15th- and 16th-century furnishings and tapestries, the castle will transport you back to ancient medieval times. The themed banquets in the evenings are great fun, although certain guests who misbehave run the risk of being sent to the dungeons below. The impressive Folk Park brings the Ireland of a century ago vividly to life. Featuring more than 30 buildings in a village and rural setting, the folk park has village shops, farmhouses, and streets to explore. It's all great fun for families and kids. 15 Shop Street, Galway
Shop Street, Galway Marcus Meissner If you're in Ireland's third largest city, Shop Street is a must. Crammed with all manner of retailers including booksellers, jewelers, boutiques, and cafs alongside street entertainers and buskers, this winding pedestrian thoroughfare captures all the charm of Galway within a few hundred yards. The street also boasts Ireland's best-preserved medieval townhouse Lynch's Castle, although unfortunately, it now houses a branch of AIB Bank. The exterior, however, is worth stopping to admire. There's no shortage of gift shops too, many stocking the Claddagh rings Galway is famous for. By far the best thing about Shop Street, however, is the people and laid-back atmosphere. Galway has long been a destination for arty types and here you'll encounter all sorts of people generally having a good time no matter the weather.
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16 The English Market, Cork
The English Market, Cork FreckledPast No visit to Cork would be complete without dropping by the English Market. Although it's a tad ironic that what is arguably Cork city's best attraction should contain the word 'English' as Cork folk usually see themselves as far more ideologically and culturally removed from neighbouring Britain than their Dublin counterparts. Having said that, they hold a special place in their hearts for this quirky covered market, which stocks the best of local produce, including the freshest seafood, artisan breads, and excellent cheeses. A market has existed on the site since the late 1700s, although the distinctive entrance on Princes Street dates from 1862. Recent worldwide fame came when Queen Elizabeth II dropped by on her first ever state visit to the Republic of Ireland in 2011. Iconic images of her sharing a joke with Fishmonger Pat O'Connell were beamed across the globe. For those who wish to linger a while, there's coffee to go and cozy Farmgate Restaurant upstairs. 17 The Rock of Cashel
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The Rock of Cashel Ireland's most visited heritage site, the Rock of Cashel, stars in countless images of the Emerald Isle. Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain even visited by helicopter during her 2011 official tour of the country. Perched upon a limestone rock formation in the Golden Vale, this magnificent group of Medieval buildings includes the High Cross and Romanesque Chapel, the 12th-century round tower, a 15th-century castle, and a 13th-century Gothic cathedral. The restored Hall of the Vicars Choral is also among the structures. Tourist attractions include an audio-visual show and exhibitions. It's also said that this was once the seat of the High Kings of Munster prior to the Norman invasions.
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2014 05/2806/2507/1809/10
DAY01 0601 - - EK367 2345/0510+1(9:25)-- Dubai () EK161 0715/1205 (7:50)-- Dublin
()(
Clover)
X X X
DAY 02 0602 Dublin
1949 4 1807
1745
3 17
Liffey (
)() Temper bar( 1840 ) 2002 121.2m ;
The Spire of Dublin ()
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The Spire of Dublin, a 398 ft needle-like monument that replaced Nelsons Pillar, was dubbed Spike in the Dyke, Stiletto in the Ghetto, The Binge Syringe and other unceremonious tags alluding to its shiny stainless steel form. Legendary fishmonger Molly Malones statue is dubbed Tart with the Cart or Flirt in the Skirt. The statue of two women on a park bench with shopping bags near HaPenny Bridge is disparagingly called Hags with Bags. The statue of the river Liffey personified as Anna Livia, is the Floozy in the Jacuzzi or Bitch in the Ditch. Even famous Irish authors are not spared. Oscar Wildes statue is called The Queer with the Leer and The Fag on the Crag while James Joyce is The Prick with the Stick! In Belfast, when the Albert Clock Tower inclined due to a sinking base, locals deemed it better than the Leaning Tower of Pisa, because not only do we have the inclination, we also have the time! The Chandon
Steeple in suburban Cork is known as the Four-faced Liar since its accuracy is questionable.
Merrion (
)(Georgian door
)()
(Christ Church Cathedral)
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1592 Trinity College, Dublin)
Irelands contribution to the English language is pretty varied. A Dublin pub owner allegedly invented the word Quiz as a challenge to introduce a new term overnight. During the Irish Land War Captain Charles Boycott, a land agent wanted to evict tenants and was met with organized isolation by workers, hence the word boycott. The term going beyond the pale dates back to 14th century when parts of Ireland that were under English rule were marked by a pale (fence). To venture outside this boundary meant leaving behind all the rules of English society. Birthday bumps too originated in Ireland from an old practice of giving knocks on the head for luck. Belfasts spinning industry gave rise to several terms like flaxen-haired, toe rag and spinster. Women often sat outdoors and had to keep the flax damp with their mouth, so were weather-beaten and had sores on their mouth. Many were left unmarried and continued spinning, from where the term spinster is derived. In the old days, as per Irish taxation laws people paid more for having large windows, as having more light was seen as a luxury. So houses had unusually small windows and half doors, as light was allowed from the top half of the door when needed, which wasnt taxable. It was this intriguing practice that gave rise to the phrasedaylight robbery.
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Thomas Moore Oscar Wilde
Edmund Burke
( Book of Kells ) iona
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850
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680
65 1916
(St. Patrick's Cathedral, The National Cathedral and Collegiate
Church of Saint Patrick, Dublin) Anglo-Norman John Comyn
1191
1311 William de Rodyard
1536~64 17
1860~65 Benjamin Guinness
In 1492 two Irish families, the Butlers of Ormonde and the FitzGeralds of Kildare were involved in a bloody feud. The Butlers sought refuge in the Chapter House of Saint Patricks Cathedral in Dublin but the FitzGeralds followed them and asked them to come out and make peace. Fearing for their safety, the Butlers refused. As a token of good faith Gerald FitzGerald cut a hole in the door and offered his hand in peace to those on the other side. The Butlers honoured his noble intention, shook hands through the door and the two families were reconciled. FitzGerald had nothing to lose except his hand, which gave rise to the phrase to chance your arm. The famous Door of Reconciliation is still on display in the Cathedrals north wing.
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Whitefriar street church St. Valentine
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(Molly Malone)
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Bite me! The Dracula was Irish? Dublin-born Irish writer Bram Stoker found inspiration for his 1897 Gothic novel Dracula from several sources. Hungarian writer and traveler rmin Vmbry acted as Stokers consultant on Transylvania with dark stories from the Carpathian mountains. Though the Romanian prince Vlad Tepes, the Impaler may be an influence, there is an Ireland connection, too. Old legends talk of Abhartach, an Irish vampire king in 5th-6th century who rose from his grave to drink the blood of his subjects. In the late 1800s Bram Stoker visited Killarney in the Ring of Kerry. Its believed the vampire chronicles of Dracula were further shaped by his late night wanderings around Ross Castle and stories of hermit John Drake who slept in a coffin in Muckross Abbey. Stoker also visited the crypts of St Michans church in Dublin. Interestingly, Gaelic for bad blood is droch fola. While in Killarney, dont miss the theatrical Original Ghost Tour of Killarney a trip to die for!
X
Irish Coffee
Fudge
Crowne Plaza Dublin Blanchardstown
DAY 03 (0603) - 57km (1 15 )- Bruna Boinne -70km (1 35 ) -
Newgrange Boyne Valley UNESCO 1993 Passage Grave
5000
( 3200 )
(Bruna Boinne)() 1993
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(Dublin Castle) 1922
18 1204
King George 1684 18
()
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While nearby Wales may have the longest place name in the world the 58-letter Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch, Ireland doesnt lag too far behind. At 41 characters, Sliabh Phlochige agus Leadhb Reannach Thuaidh, literally Plughoge and Leabrannagh Mountain North is a townland in County Donegal. Irelands longest one-word place name is the 22-letters long Muckanaghederdauhaulia (literally Pig-marsh between two saltwaters). The Irish go to great lengths to display their fondness for verbosity, be it a stone or a river. There are nearly 50 places in Ireland with 20+ names. Most seem as if they were the result of a two-year old left unattended at the computer keyboard. Try asking for directions to Bullaunancheathrairaluinn, Sruffaunoughterluggatoora or Sruffaungolinluggatavhin. Our advice, stick to Cork
(Guinness Storehouse)
45 9000
4. How a blending blunder created the worlds most popular drink : Guinness folklore contends that Arthur Guinness did not invent stout; he merely perfected it. Though all stouts are made from barley, hops, yeast and water, what distinguishes Guinness from other beers in the secret 5th ingredient the brewing technique. However the actual reason behind Guinnesss success was not a master blender, but a blunder! The key ingredient Irish ground barley, used in the ratio of 80% unmalted, 10% malted and 10% roasted, was heated too much, resulting in a dark ruby red brew. The rest, as they say, is distillery. Spring water from the Wicklow Mountains, low in minerals like magnesium and calcium, is used so Guinness in Dublin is likely to taste better than anywhere else. The nitrogen head on top of the pint acts as a barrier, sealing the beers taste
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and temperature. Learn to pour the perfect pint and drink using the five senses at the Guinness storehouse and also check out Arthur Guinesss 9000-year-old lease for the brewery site at St James Gate and the Directors Safe with a sample of the original starter yeast!
Crowne Plaza Dublin Blanchardstown
DAY 04 (0604) - 57km (1 15 )- Glendalough-70km (1 35 ) Wexford
(County Wicklow )
(Powerscourt Estate) Lonely Planet P.S.
20 County Wicklow
Lonely Planet
18 20 100 12 14000 1603
Richard Wingfield 18 (1731 )
Richard Cassels Palladiao
1974 (Slazenger)
19
Dolphin Pond
18
- (Pepper Pot Tower)
- 100
Phoenix Park fionn uisce
UNESCO
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(Wicklow Mountain National Park) 50,600 204.8
(Glendalough)(St . Kevin) 6
(Saint Kevins Church)
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()As per legend Irelands patron saint St Patrick was on a 40-day fast atop a hill when he was attacked by snakes, so he chased them into the sea. However its more a metaphor for him driving out pagan religions and the introduction of Christianity in 4th century. He used the shamrock or three-leaf clover to explain the Divine Trinity of The God, The Father and The Holy Spirit. Despite the myth, there have been no snakes in Ireland from the post-glacial period! Rathlin Island, the northernmost and only inhabited island in Northern Ireland was at the centre of a land dispute with Scotland. After all, it was here in a cave that Robert the Bruce hid after his defeat by the English in 1306 and was inspired by the persistent spider that scaled the roof after several unsuccessful attempts. In a 1617 lawsusit in the Court of King James I, it was claimed that since there were no snakes on Rathlin, it had to be Irish. As the story goes, a snake was released onto the island but did not survive in the marshy wilds and Rathlin remained Irish. Incidentally, this is where Marconi made his first radio broadcast.
Amber Springs HOTEL
DAY 05 ( 0605 ) Wexford -87km(1 25 )- Waterford-120km(1 50 )- Cobh-30km(30 )- Cork
14
(House of Waterford Crystal)
: 70 Portland Vase cameo glass
( 4 25 )
Josiah Wedgwood
2009 Waterford Crystal , Wedgwood, Royal Doulton
WWRD Holdings Ltd 13
( Reginald's Tower)
(Merchant's Quay)
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(Cobh, Quuenstown ) 1912
(Titanic Monument)(Annie Moore Statue)
Country Cork 15 1892 11 7
Antrony Philip S.S. Nevada Ellis 250
148 Isle of hope, Isle of Tears (
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10Pb2ia28QM ) 2008 10 11 Ellis Country Cork
White Star Line Cunard Line 3
Olympic Class 2 BritannicOlympic
Harland and Wolff
20
Besides the doomed Titanic, 3500 other ships (like HMS Belfast in London, SS Canberra and INS Vikrant in Mumbai), were also made in Belfast. There was a local joke that you could tell which shipping companys vessel was being built by the colour of the doors in East Belfast. Union Castle was lavender while P&O was white! Though Harland & Wolff was famous as a shipping company, it made almost anything including walkways for Heathrow Airport and the Churchill Tank. At the Lagan Legacy barge retrace the story of Belfasts maritime and industrial past in an exhibition called The Greatest Story Never Told. The submarine, ejector seat, pneumatic pump and wind turbine were all Irish inventions as Ireland soon became the largest manufacturer of ropes, lemonade shakers, lawn mowers, flax machinery and shirts. The Back to the Future DeLorean DMC-12 cars were also made in the Belfast suburb of Dunmurry.
Snug in a Snug : From Irelands highest pub Ponderosa overlooking the Mourne mountains to Crowns
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Bar in Belfast, described as the most beautiful bar in the world, Ireland has several unique and historic pubs. Grouchos in County Armagh has a well inside the pub and a tunnel that leads to Richhill Castle, the most haunted house in Ulster. Dublin alone has over 800 pubs including one of Irelands oldest The Brazen Head (1198). Some pubs have a snug, a cosy nook next to the bar or entrance, where women could have a pint in relative peace and isolation. Pubs were largely mens only turf with loud, aggressive and boisterous patrons. People raised a hue and cry about womens safety, but such apprehensions were unfounded. As the saying goes An Irishman can crawl over eight naked ladies to get to a pint. Have a craic in a snug at ONeills, Palace Bar, Kehoes and Toners in Dublin or Belfasts oldest tavern Whites (1630) and Kellys Cellars, the oldest licensed pub.
( County Cork )(River Lee) (Cork)
1920
William Burges 1863
(St. Finbarre Cathedral)
The Angel of the Resurrection, St. Finbarre's Cathedral
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(Grand Parade) Shandon() 18
(St. Anne Church)
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RADISSSON BLU HOTE & SPA Cork (http://www.radissonblu.ie/hotel-cork)
DAY06 -10km(13 )- Blarney-75km(1 20 )- Ring of Kerry-2km(5 )- Killarney
(Blarney Castle)
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8
Mandrake, Wolfsbane and Henbane '
(Ring of Kerry)
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179
THE BREHON HOTEL (http://www.thebrehon.com/)
DAY07 -65km(1 10 )- Dingle Peninsula-140km(2 10 )- Limerick
(Dingle Peninsula) 70
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8
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812 Limerick12
(St. Mary Church)
Limerick City was established by the Vikings as a walled city on King's Island in 812. A great castle was built on the orders of King John in 1200 and that Castle sits on the banks of the River Shannon that dissects the City.It was besieged three times in the 17th century, resulting in the famous Treaty of Limerick and the flight of Earls when the vanquished Irish fled to Continental Europe. Much of the city was built during the following Georgian period, which ended abruptly with the Act of Union in 1800. Limerick is well known and famed for its bacon production, "everything but the squeak was used". It is known that Queen Victoria's Christmas dinner was not complete without a Limerick Ham on the table.Many of the households in areas such as the Abbey kept pigs along with the more traditional chickens although the vast majority of the pigs were imported from the local environs.The four great bacon factories in Limerick were Matterson's, Shaw's, O'Mara's and Denny's each competing for local, national and international trade out of Limerick city during the 19th and early 20th Centuries.It is said that Limerick fed the British Army during the Boer War. It is The Sporting Capital of Europe with it's population vigorously supporting Gaelic Games , Soccer and especially Munster Rugby whose Stadium Thomond Park dominates the skyline.It was home to Frank McCourt the author of "Angela's Ashes" telling the story of his upbringing in the City in the 30s and 40s. Today the city has a growing multicultural population.
Shannon 2013 Richard I : (King John Castle)
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RADISSON BLU HOTEL & SPA Limerick (http://www.radissonblu.ie/hotel-limerick)
DAY08 -78km(1 20 )- Cliffs Of Moher-8km(15 )- Doolin-75km(1 25 )- Galway
200
'
Atlantic Puffin
(OBrian Tower) Doolin
(Aran Islands)
Galway
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Ashford Castle Kylemore Abbey a majestic Benedictine abbey on the banks of Lake Kylemore.
(St. Nicolas Church)
Kylemore Abbey
RADISSON BLU HOTEL & SPA Galway (http://www.radissonhotelgalway.com/)
DAY09 -146km(2 15 )- Lough Gill-8km(15 )- Sligo-70km(1 ) - ( Donegal)
(Parke's Castle)
(Innisfree)
2 W.B.
1253 (Sligo Abbey)(River Garavogue)
(Donegal Castle) O'Donnell Clan 15 17
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( Donegal)
MILL PArk Hotel
DAY10 ( Donegal) - Slieve League - 126km(2 05 )- Londonderry
600
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County Londondery
1972 14
1972 1 30 Bloodsumoum
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(Bogside) You are now entering Free Derry.
108 (Old City Wall)
(Derry's Guildhall)
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the national involvement of three Irish (Service) Divisions in the Great War 1914-18. the Coat of Arms of the 36th (Ulster) Division, the window right, above, the Arms of the 10th (Irish) Division and below those of the 16th (Irish) Division.On all sides are the names of their many important battle engagements. The windows were completed in the early nineteen-twenties.
Ramada DaVincis Hotel
DAY11 -60km(1 05 )- Bushmills-8km(12 )- Giant Causeway-100km(1 30 )- Belfast
Old Bushmills Distillery
(Dunluce Castle) 12
Portcaman
(Bush River)Bushmills
(Bushmills Distillery)
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UNESCO 1986
Finn McCool Staffer Oonagh Benandonner
Oonagh 8
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(Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge) 18 1 25
(City
Hall)(Theater)(Peace Wall)
DUKES AT QUEENS(http://www.dukesatqueens.com/)
DAY12 - (1 20 )- Cairnryan()-129km(1 55 )- Glasgow-75km(1 )-
Edinburg ( )
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UNESCO 1995
Rosslyn Chapel,
15 William St.
Claair
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Frances Mary of Guise liked a good joke. When Englands King Henry VIII proposed marriage, Mary quipped that her neck was too slendera cutting reference to the beheading of Henrys second wife, Anne Boleyn. Mary married Scotlands James V, instead, and in 1542 gave birth to that nations best-known monarch, Mary Queen of Scots, just a week before James died. And in 1546, during her daughters minority reign, Mary made a curious bond with Sir William St. Clair of Rosslyn.
Among the many speculations are the Cup of the Last Supper, the mummified head of Christ, the Stone of Destiny, a piece of the True Cross, the Ark of the Covenant, and the genealogical records of a holy bloodline established by a marriage between Mary Magdalene and Jesus. And in a recent issue of Templar History magazine the Grand Herald of the Scottish Knights Templarclaims he once met a chap who was convinced the chapel had been built over an ET-type spacecraft, and presented an excellent case The mind boggles.
(
) Royal Botanic
Garden, Edinburge 425 3.4
16405 1279
400 (
)
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Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE)
3 4 16405 1279
6.5%
1670
BenmoreLoganDawyck 70
165
1871 5000 Alpins
Sub-arcticplantsPastureplants
1914
1997
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MACDONALD HOLYROOD HOTEL(http://www.macdonaldhotels.co.uk/our-hotels/macdonald-holyrood-hotel/)
DAY13 Edinburgh
C
Edinburgh
Northumbria Kingdom
1707
70
Princes Street
Edinburgh Castle
1329 1437~1707 1707
---1583
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Edinburgh Castle ( Fort of the Rock Face )135
Castle Rock 12 16
6 1093
16
(Palace of Holyroodhouse)
Lower WardMiddle WardUpper Ward
(St. Margaret's Chapel)
Mons Meg 1449 200
1829 (Castle Vaults)(Palace) 1540
The Crown
Room (), The Great Hall (), The Royal Palace (King James VI ), St. Margarets Chapel (
), The Prisons of War, The Mons Meg (1861 ) , The National War Memorial and The National
War Museum ( )
(Nova Scotia ) Walter Scott
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Gatehouse 1929 : Thomas Clapperton Robert the
Bruce Alexander Carrick William Wallace ( Braveheart )
William the LionNemo me impune lacessit
No one attacks me with impunity
Scotts' Thistle
William the Lion Treaty of Falaise 1296
Willian Wallace () Robert I
1314
1503 James IV
Margaret Tudor1544 Henry VIIIMary Queen of
Scot
16 ()
( ( ) 1638
William the Orange 1650
1707
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1707
1715, 1745(James Edward Stuard, Charles Edward Stuart)
""
Adam Smith Conan Doyle
16 1650
1/10 1921~31
1934 1950
""
1997 74.3% 25.7% The Labour Party
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Scottish Parliament(
)
( )() Devolution
for Scotland
Marie de Guise
Mary Stuart
(Queen Mary)15 19
19
1844
(Walter) Scott Monument
National MonumentJK
Palace
of Holyrood house(Arthur's seat)
MACDONALD HOLYROOD HOTEL(http://www.macdonaldhotels.co.uk/our-hotels/macdonald-holyrood-hotel/)
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DAY14 -60km(1 )- Stirling-95km(1 20 )- Pitlochry-140km(1 50 ) - Inverness
HighlandLowlandIslay Campbeltown(Speyside)
(Malt)(Blended)
20
Stirling Castle Stuarts
16
( William Wallace, Uilliam Uallas)
1995
1297 Will ian Wallace Stir l ingBridge Robert the Bruce
Bannockburn .
Perthshire
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Aviemore
MACDONALD AVIEMORE RESORT
DAY15 Aviemore- 73km(1 05 ) - - 210km(3 15 )- Isle of Skye
( ;
( Loch Ness ))Eilean Donan
Castle 13
(Isle of Skye)
Eilean Donan Castle 13 Donan
1719 200 1911 John Mac Rae-Gilstrap
20 1932 ( 007 The world is not enough )
Matisse
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Cuillin Hills Hotel
DAY16 Isle of Skye-92km(2 )- Armadale~ Mallaig++++++ Fort
William-105km(1 40 )- Loch Lomond-44km(50 )- Glasgow
West
Highland Line BBC
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1
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A82 :
19
GRAND CENTRAL HOTEL ACCOMMONDATION
DAY17 -140km(1 30 )- GRETNA GREEN-41km(40 )- Hadrians Wall-115km(1 50
)- Windermere
1754 21
1770
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The World Famous Blacksmith Shop
Cuddy's Crag Harrian's Wall , UNESCO1987
Hardrian's wall (Vallum Hadriani)(Hadrian, Emperor of Rome, AD 115-18 ) 128 Solway Tyne
Kelt 117
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A view of Lake Windermere and Waterhead Bay in Ambleside in the Lake District National Park
LOW WOOD BAY RESORT HOTEL & MARINA(http://englishlakes.co.uk/hotels/lake-district-hotels/windermere-hotels/low-wood-bay/)
DAY18 - 210km(2 50 )- York
Celts
The Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of St Peter in York ( York Minster )
Minster
Anglo-Saxon
:
() Cathedral
Basilica Metropolitan Cathedral of St Chad
Corpus Christi Basilica Stratton-on-the-Fosse Basilica of St Gregory the Great
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250
1408 John Thornton 76
23
50 15m
() 128
2 35
19
12~14
Lakeside Haverthwaite
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MERCURE YORK FAIRFIELD MANOR HOTEL(http://www.mercureyork.co.uk/)
DAY19 - 229km(2 40)- Warwick-15km(20)- Stratford-upon-Avon- 87km(1 10)-Oxford
( William Shakespear)
( Anne Hathaway)
( Anne Hathaway)
( Nash House )
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William Shakespear Lady Macbeth
: 1. Hamlet2. Macbeth 3.
Falstaff 4. Hal
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HOLIDAY INN OXFORD(http://www.ihg.com/holidayinn/hotels/us/en/oxford/ofduk/hoteldetail)
DAY20 -55km(1 )- Cotswold-135km(2 )- Cardiff-72km(1 )- Bristol
1168~87 900
55 30
220 104
Bodleian Library 600
(Oxford
University)1429 The Lord is my Light(
)(Christ Church ) Dining Hall ( Alice
in wonderland) Christ Church Cathedral
1841 1555-6
(Cranmer)(Latimer)(Ridley)(Radcliffe Camera)(Bodleian
Library)( Hertford Bridge of Sighs)(Shedonian Theatre)(Car fax Tower)
Bourton-on-the-water
COTSWOLDS
()
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1
08
Ferret
20
Cornish Pastry
HOLIDAY INN BRISTOL CITY CENTRE(http://www.ihg.com/holidayinn/hotels/gb/en/bristol/brscc/hoteldetail)
DAY 21 Bristol-21km(40 )- Bath-57km(1 )- 186km(2 30 )- London
UNESCO 1987 bath
()
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Bladud
18
.(Jane Austen, )
Kensington GardenAlbert
1900
18 Orangery
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1
10
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1999 135 443 32
15 0.26 30
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15
1886 1894 6 30
1000
House of Lords House of commons
2012 6 1987
1,100 100 4.8
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(First Past the Post) 650
2010 3/4
2011
(Alternative Vote)
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St. Paul's Cathedral
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UNESCO 1987
(The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster)1987 UNESCO
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156 22 31 68.5
40
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Westminster Abbey,Canaletto, 1749
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700
(Scone) 13 1534
1540
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1559 1579
dean
19
1834 1852
The State Opening of Parliament for the 2014-15 session took place on Wednesday 4 June 2014.
Maximilian Colt Jan de Critz The Upper Chapel of Abbot Islip
1760
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1400 ( Clerk ) Geoffrey Chaucer
Poets' Corner Edmund Spenser
() George Friedrich Handel Charles Darwin
Charles John Huffam Dickens Joseph Rudyard Kipling( 1907
) Isaac Newton Winston Churchill
William Wilberforce Oliver Cormwell
William Shakespeare
1998
1941
1928
Janani Luwum19221977 1977
St. Elizabeth of Russia18641918
1918
1964 1968 4 4
scar Romero191719801980
Flossenbrg concentration camp
1945 4 9
Esther John192919601960
Lucian Tapiede19211942
1942
1973
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Martyr Statues
Buckingham Palace
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London Eye
* 9:00 9:30 11:30http://www.londoneye.com/VisitorInformation/OpeningTimes/Default.aspx
PARK PLAZA WESTMINSTER BRIDGE LONDON (http://www.parkplaza.com/london-hotel-gb-se1-7ut/gbwestmi)
DAY 22 -142km(1 40 )- Stonehenge -110km(1 20 )- Windsor Castle-40km(1 )-
Salisbury Stonehenge, UNESCO 1986
40002000 2008 3 4
2300
1100
35 km
20 November 1992 11 20
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PARK PLAZA WESTMINSTER BRIDGE LONDON (http://www.parkplaza.com/london-hotel-gb-se1-7ut/gbwestmi)
DAY23 - 100km(1 20 )- Cambridge -100km(1 20 )-
1759British MuseumSir Hans
Sloane() 71,000
650
250 2000 12 1857 Great Court of Elizabeth III 2436
10
94 (62,63,64
- 18 1370~ 1352 )
Henry Salt )(11~14 1816
Parthenon Mables 100 27
18 499449 The Greco-Persian Wars 495429
Perikles 447432
)
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The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus Room, 1920s, now
Elgin Marbles , the East Pediment of the Parthenon. Reliefs from the North-west palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud
The Royal Lion Hunt, Nineveh
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Towneley
Persepolis
700 600 2.3
33a, 33b Sir Percival David 95 Marc Aurel Stein ( Paul Pelliot )
( 4 1.3 ) George Eumorfopoulos
2000
(
)
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Sir Percival David 95
12 9
()
1960
S
()
()
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()
( )
()
1914~18 Stanley Littlejohn
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10 5
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1400~50 () 1403~24
,2013
( British Library )
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Henri Labrouste Bibliotheque Nationale de France, 1854~75
( Neo-Greek movement ) Owen Johns Henri Labrouste
Bibliotheque Nationale de France, 1854~751912
1220~1258 38
750
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chauffeured punt
Queen's College : 1448 Margaret of Anjou 1465 Elizabeth
Woodville ( King's College, Cambridge ) 1441
( 80
)
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BBC
()
( )
)
: :
Margaret of Anjou
Elizabeth Woodville 1448 1468 16
15 Old Hall
()
( Trinity College , Cambridge ) 1546 Thomas Nevile 1324
1317 1555
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the Great Court1567
the Chapel
( 17
)( 16
) A
Herbert Mayow Adams (Brass)John Frank Adams (Brass)Edgar Douglas Adrian (Brass)Richard Appleton (academic) (Brass)
William Joscelyn Arkell (Brass)Francis William Aston (Brass) B
Humphrey Babington (Interment)Thomas BabingtonLord Macaulay (Statue)Francis Bacon (Statue)Thomas Bainbrig (Interment)
Francis Maitland Balfour (Brass)Isaac Barrow (Statue)Edward Bathurst (Interment)John Beaumont (Interment)William John Beaumont
(Beamont) (Interment)Edward White Benson (Brass)Richard Bentley (Interment)Abram Samoilovitch Besicovitch (Brass)Anthony Ashley
Bevan (Brass)Alfred Maurice Binnie (Brass)Maurice Black (Brass)Edward William Blore (Brass / Interment)Anchitel Harry Fletcher
Boughey (Brass)William Lawrence Bragg (Brass)Daniel Bratteli (Interment)Charlie Dunbar Broad (Brass)Benjamin Chapman
Browne (Brass)Isaac Hawkins Browne (Sculpture)John[?] Browning (Interment)Francis Crawford Burkitt (Brass)Robert Burn (Brass)
John Burnaby (Brass)Samuel Henry Butcher (Brass)Henry Montagu Butler (Brass)James Ramsay Montagu Butler (Brass)Richard Austen Butler (Brass)
: Francis Bacon (1561-1626) was the 1st Viscount St Alban, known as the father of empiricism and first modern philosopher and theorist. Admitted to Trinity at just thirteen years old, while an undergraduate he first metQueen Elizabeth, who was impressed by his precocious intellect,
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and was accustomed to calling him the young Lord Keeper. Thomas Jefferson wrote: Bacon, Locke and Newton; I consider them as the three greatest men that have ever lived, without any exception, and as having laid the foundation of those superstructures which have been raised in the Physical and Moral sciences. (John Locke studied at Trinitys sister college, Christ Church, Oxford.) Bacon was Lord Chancellor 1618-21. Bacon's death from pneumonia was described in John Aubrey's "Brief Lives" as the result of his idea of using snow to preserve meat. This statue, a copy of one at Gorhambury in Hertfordshire, claims to depict the way Bacon sat. The sculpture is very fine, realistically depicting the fur and lace of his clothes; in places the marble is thin enough to be translucent. Sculptor: Henry Weekes, 1845
: Isaac Barrow (1630-77) distinguished himself in Classics, Mathematics and Divinity. He was appointed Regius Professor of Greek three years before becoming the first Lucasian professor of Mathematics an illustration of the way the elements of the quadrivium were closely connected in the seventeenth century. Best known for his discovery of the fundamental theorem of calculus, Barrow resigned the Lucasian chair in favour of his pupil Isaac Newton, and devoted the rest of his life to theology writing and preaching and to being the Master of Trinity (1672-77) who commissioned the Wren Library. The statue of Barrow was commissioned in preference to one of Richard Bentley, who was a moreinfluential but also highly controversial Master. The foremost scholar and textual critic of his day, Bentley was regarded, together with Newton, as one of the intellectual founders of Trinity, but as Master he ruled like an irresponsible despot. The statues of Bacon and Barrow were given by William Whewell. Sculptor: Matthew Noble, 1858 C
John Walton Capstick (Brass)Edward Hallett Carr (Brass)Arthur Cayley (Brass)George Chare (Sculpture / Interment)George Sidney
Roberts Kitson Clark (Brass)John Willis Clark (Brass)Gerard Francis Cobb (Brass)Patrick Cock (Interment)Nathanael Cole (Interment)
John Cooper (Interment)William Corker (Interment)Francis MacDonald Cornford (Brass)Roger Robert Cotes (Sculpture)Peter
Courthope (Interment)William Cunningham (Brass) D
Henry Hallett Dale (Brass)William Cecil Dampier Dampier (Brass)George Howard Darwin (Brass)Harold Davenport (Brass)John
Davies (Sculpture)Basil Denis Dennis-Jones (Sculpture)Maurice Herbert Dobb (Brass)Peter Paul Dobree (Sculpture)William
Drury (Interment)James Duff Duff (Brass)Patrick William Duff (Brass)Frederick James Dykes (Brass) E
Arthur Stanley Eddington (Brass)Henry Outram Evennett (Brass) F
Frederick Field (Brass)Walter Morley Fletcher (Brass)Michael Foster (Brass)Ralph Howard Fowler (Brass)James George Frazer (Brass) Otto Robert Frisch (Brass) G
John Andrew Gallagher (Brass)James Whitbread Lee Glaisher (Brass)George Peabody Gooch (Brass)Harry Chester Goodhart (Brass)
William Gostwycke (Interment)Andrew Sydenham Farrar Gow (Brass)Alan Gray (Brass) H
Andrew Hacket (Interment)James Lemprire Hammond (Brass)Charles John Hamson (Brass)Godfrey Harold Hardy (Brass)Ernest
Harrison (Brass)Samuel Hawkes (Sculpture)[[William[?] Herbert]] (Interment)David Arthur Gilbert Hinks (Brass)Alan Lloyd Hodgkin (Brass)
Henry Arthur Hollond (Brass)Francis Hooper (Sculpture)Frederick Gowland Hopkins (Brass)Fenton John Anthony Hort (Brass)Alfred
Edward Housman (Brass)Thomas Percy Hudson (Brass) I
Hugo McLeod Innes (Brass)Henry Jackson (Brass) J
Richard Claverhouse Jebb (Brass)Francis John Henry Jenkinson (Brass)Thomas Jones (Sculpture) K
Piotr Leonidovich Kapitza (Brass)Alan Ker (Brass)Charles William King (Brass)Alexander Francis Kirkpatrick (Brass)George Sidney
Roberts Kitson Clark (Brass)Arthur Harold John Knight (Brass) L
Daniel LockJames Lambert (Sculpture)John Newport Langley (Brass)Gaillard Thomas Lapsley (Brass)Reginald Vere Laurence (Brass)
Ralph Alexander Leigh (Brass)Gerald Ponsonby Lenox-Conyngham (Brass)Joseph Barber Lightfoot (Brass)Denis (Dionysius)
L'Isle (Interment)John Edensor Littlewood (Brass)Daniel Lock (Sculpture)Henry Richards Luard (Brass)William Lynnet (Interment) M
Thomas Babington MacaulayThomas Babington Macaulay (Statue)Charles Fox Maitland (Sculpture)Frederick William Maitland (Brass)
Frederick Malkin (Sculpture)Frederick George Mann (Brass)William Lort Mansel (Interment)Francis Martin (Brass)John McTaggart Ellis
McTaggart (Brass)Moore Meredith (Interment)Hubert Stanley Middleton (Brass)George Edward Moore (Brass)Hugh Andrew Johnstone
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Munro (Brass)Hugh Frank Newall (Brass)
The inscription under Lord Macaulays statue, by Thomas Woolner (1868), one of the best of the many specimens of elegant Latinity on the memorials, contains the appropriate words Qui primus annales ita scripsit ut vera fictis libentius legerentur (He was the first to write history in such a way that the true facts might be read with more pleasure than fiction). He was the author of the Lays of Ancient Rome, which contains the lines, memorised by many schoolchildren: Then out spake brave Horatius, / The Captain of the Gate: / 'To every man upon this earth / Death cometh soon or late. / And how can man die better / Than facing fearful odds, / For the ashes of his fathers, / And the temples of his Gods'. N
Isaac Newton (Statue)Tressilian Charles Nicholas (Brass)Reynold Alleyne Nicholson (Brass)John North (Interment)
Louis-Franois Roubiliacs 1755 statue of Isaac Newton, presented to the Ante-Chapel by the MasterRobert Smith, is the finest work of art in the College, as well as the most moving and significant. The lips parted and the eyes turned up in thought give life to marble. The inscription, Qui genus humanum ingenio superavit, is a pun ennobled by its truth. This inscription is a quotation from the third book of
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LucretiussDe rerum natura, meaning in intellect he surpassed / survived the human race. Newton (1642-1727) was the greatest English mathematician of his generation. Developing his teacher Isaac Barrows work he laid the foundation for differential and integral calculus. His work on optics and gravitation make him one of the greatest scientists the world has known. His 1687 book Philosophi Naturalis Principia Mathematica lays the foundations for most of classical mechanics. He also excelled in the realms of astronomy, natural philosophy, alchemy, and somewhat unorthodox theology. Newton is buried in Westminster Abbey. O Charles William Oatley (Brass) P
Carl Frederick Abel Pantin (Brass)Reginald St John Parry (Brass)Alfred Chilton Pearson (Brass)Richard Porson (Sculpture / Interment)
John Percival Postgate (Brass)Joseph Prior (Brass)Mark Gillachrist Marlborough Pryor (Brass) R
Srinavasa Ramanujan (Brass)Robert Mantle Rattenbury (Brass)Dennis Holme Robertson (Brass)Donald Struan Robertson (Brass)John
Arthur Thomas Robinson (Brass)Robert Robson (Brass)Thomas Rotherham (Interment)Francis John Worsley Roughton (Brass)Walter
William Rouse Ball (Brass)William Albert Hugh Rushton (Brass)Bertrand Russell (Brass)Ernest Rutherford (Brass)Martin Ryle (Brass) S
Thomas Slater (Interment)Francis Henry Sandbach (Brass)Thomas Secford (Interment)Adam Sedgwick (Brass / Interment)Thomas
Kynaston Selwyn (Sculpture)Richard Sheepshanks (Sculpture)Henry Sidgwick (Brass)Frederick Arthur Simpson (Brass)Elizmar
Smith (Brass)Robert Smith (Interment)Thomas Smith (Interment)James Spedding (Sculpture)Piero Sraffa (Brass)Charles Villiers
Stanford (Brass)Vincent Henry Stanton (Brass)Richard Stevenson (Sculpture)Hugo Fraser Stewart (Brass)James Stuart (Brass) T
Henry Martyn Taylor (Brass)Sedley Taylor (Brass)Frederick Robert Tennant (Brass)Alfred, Lord Tennyson (Statue)Arthur
Thacker (Interment)William Hepworth Thompson (Brass / Interment)Joseph John Thomson (Brass)Thomas Thorp (Brass)George
Macaulay Trevelyan (Brass)Coutts Trotter (Brass)
In the bas-relief of the statue of the poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809-92) a pipe bowl lies half-hidden among the laurel wreaths; children always delight in its discovery. It was put there by a secret conspiracy between the sculptor Thornycroft and the donor Harry Yates Thompson, a life-long friend of the then Master Montagu Butler, who was well aware of the Masters dislike of the nasty habit of smoking. Tennyson won the Chancellor's Medal for poetry, but left Trinity without a degree, owing to his father's illness. The much-quoted Tennyson was the author of The Charge of the Light Brigade, Crossing the Bar, and In Memoriam, which he wrote to commemorate his friend Arthur Hallam, another Trinity poet, and which contains the immortal lines Tis better to have loved and lost / Than never to have loved at all. Verse 87 is a nostalgic sketch of life at Trinity. Sculptor: Sir Hamo Thornycroft, 1909
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U Walter Ullmann (Brass) V
Ralph Vaughan Williams (Brass)Arthur Woollgar Verrall (Brass)John Michal Kenneth Vyvyan (Brass) W
Thomas Attwood Walmisley (Brass)Edward Walpole (Interment)James Ward (Brass)Brooke Foss Westcott (Brass)William Whewell (Statue
/ Interment)Stephen Whisson (Interment)Alfred North Whitehead (Brass)John Willis Clark (Brass)John Wilson (Interment)Denys Arthur
Winstanley (Brass)Carl Winter (Brass)Arthur John Terence Dibben Wisdom (Brass)Ludwig Wittgenstein (Brass)John
Wordsworth (Sculpture / Interment)William Aldis Wright (Brass)
William Whewell (1794-1866) spent his whole adult life at Trinity, coming up as an Exhibitioner in 1812, and dying as Master in 1866, after falling from a horse. He was Professor of Mineralogy, and subsequently of Philosophy (then called moral theology and casuistical divinity), and endowed a chair of international law; he was also interested in architecture and, having presciently bought the land, he signed the contract for, and contributed financially to, the Gothic courts east of Trinity Street named in his honour but built in the worst period of Victorian architecture. He is chiefly remembered for his encouragement of the study of the moral and natural sciences; he also coined many scientific terms, including the word scientist. As well as being a polymath with a prodigious memory, Whewell was as powerful physically as his statue suggests. It is a well-authenticated Trinity tradition that Whewell, when Master, jumped up the Hall steps at one leap, a feat that is very seldom accomplished even by youthfulathletes. Sculptor: Thomas Woolner, 1872
1673
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1599 Oliver Cromwell
1642 Isaac Newton, 1755 Louis Franois Roubiliac Isaac Burrow
1607 John Harvard
1608 John Milton
1731 Henry Cavendish
1759 William Wilberforce
1770 William Wordsworth
1788 Lord Byron
1809 Alfred Tennyson
1809 Charles Darwin
1871 Ernest Rutherford
1883 John Maynard Keynes
1897
1934 :
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56
1831 Ponte del Sospiri Bridge of Sighs Bridge of Sighs
80
PARK PLAZA COUNTY HALL LONDON
DAY24 - 67km(1 15 )- Leeds Castle- 35km(35 )- Canterbury- 87km(1 )-
Greenwich-10km(34 )-
Maidstone
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Becket's Crown
1517~1723 Catherine of Aragon
Sir Anthony St Leger (d.1559) of Ulcombe, Kent
Lady Baillie 26 1926 500
The Aviary
(Canterbury)Canterbury
597 (St. Augustine ) Pope Gregory the Great Canterbury
Canterbury Canterbury 14
Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales
Canterbury cathedral, UNESCO 1988 Canterbury Cathedral
1170 Thomas Becket Thomas Becket
1164 Constitutions of Clarendon
ecclesiastical court
Thomas Becket
Becket ........Becket
..... 1170 York Sallisbury
Becker Canterbury
Will no one rid me of this turbulant priest?
Canterbury Cathedral Becker ..... Canterbury Cathedral
Becker ....
Canterbury cathedral
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12
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Thomas Becket
UNESCO 1997
1997
Royal Observatory, Greenwich
17 1884
PARK PLAZA COUNTY HALL LONDON
DAY25~26
Tower of London, UNESCO 1988 1080
600 ( Yeoman warder)
1566~1625
sent to the Tower
Rudolf Walter Richard He1988 1994 3
1660 1650
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1415
530 Koh-i-Noor
2014 886,246
Regent's Park 166 410 John
Nash 1811
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Bicester Village
Chic outlet shopping Burberry
DunhillClarkWedgwood
EK030 1700/0250+1(6:50) & EK366 0405/1640 (8:35)