sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebebiT saqarTvelos …...mdgomareoba samegrelo-zemo svaneTsa da...

2013 12013

sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebebiTsaqarTvelos mosaxleobis

kmayofilebis donis kvleva

sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebebiT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis kmayofilebis donis kvleva

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კვლევა განხორციელდა კომპანია ACT-ის მიერ გაეროს განვითარების პროგრამის (UNDP), შვეიცარიის განვითარებისა და თანამშრომლობის სააგენტოს (SDC) და ავსტრიის განვითარების სააგენტოს (ADA) ერთობლივი პროექტის ფარგლებში.

წინამდებარე გამოცემაში გამოთქმული მოსაზრებები ავტორისეულია და შეიძლება არ ასახავდეს დონორი ორგანიზაციების თვალსაზრისს.

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sarCevi

1. mokle mimoxilva ......................................................................................... 5

2. ZiriTadi daskvnebi .................................................................................. 8

3. qarTuli konteqsti .................................................................................. 13

3.1. zogadi suraTi .................................................................................... 13

3.2. mdgomareoba sferoebis mixedviT .......................................... 14

3.3. sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebis miwodebis praqtika ... 18

3.4. sazogadoebis monawileoba ........................................................ 19

4. kvlevis dizaini da meTodologia .................................................. 20

4.1. sakabineto kvleva ............................................................................ 20

4.2. Tvisebrivi kvleva ............................................................................ 21

4.3. raodenobrivi kvleva ..................................................................... 21

5. kvlevis Sedegebi ........................................................................................ 23

5.1. skolamdeli, zogadi da profesiuli ganaTleba ........... 24

5.1.1. municipaluri sabavSvo baRebi .......................................... 24

5.1.2. sajaro skolebi .......................................................................... 31

5.1.3. profesiuli saswavleblebi ................................................ 36

5.2. socialuri daxmarebebi ................................................................ 39

5.2.1. socialuri daxmarebis miReba ........................................... 39

5.2.2. ufaso sasadilo .......................................................................... 41

5.2.3. sxvadasxva saxelmwifo momsaxurebebis Sefaseba ... 43

5.3. jandacva ................................................................................................. 47

5.3.1. pacientis mimarTva saavadmyofo

dawesebulebisaTvis ................................................................ 47

5.3.2. profilaqtikis mizniT samedicino

dawesebulebaSi mimarTvianoba ........................................ 50

5.3.3. saswrafo samedicino daxmareba ....................................... 52

5.3.4. mosaxleobis profilaqtikuri acrebi .......................... 52


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5.3.5. pirutyvis/Sinauri cxovelebis acrebi ........................ 53

5.3.6. jandacvis saxelmwifo programebi ................................ 54

5.3.7. zogadi kmayofileba jandacvis

sistemis muSaobiT ................................................................... 54

5.4. rekreacia, dasveneba da kultura ........................................... 55

5.5. komunaluri infrastruqtura ................................................... 60

5.5.1. wyalmomarageba .......................................................................... 60

5.5.2. sakanalizacio sistema .......................................................... 63

5.5.3. eleqtroenergia ......................................................................... 64

5.5.4. gazmomaragebis centraluri sistema ............................ 66

5.5.5. narCenebis gatana ...................................................................... 68

5.5.6. dasufTaveba ................................................................................. 71

5.6. gzebi ......................................................................................................... 71

5.7. sxvadasxva momsaxurebebi ............................................................ 74

5.7.1. dasaxlebebis dagegmareba ................................................... 74

5.7.2. turizmi .......................................................................................... 76

5.7.3. soflis meurneoba ..................................................................... 76

5.7.4. sairigacio sistema .................................................................. 79

5.7.5. usafrTxoeba ................................................................................ 84

5.7.6. eleqtronuli servisebi ........................................................ 87

5.7.7. ekologia ........................................................................................ 87

5.8. TviTmmarTvelobis momsaxurebis zogadi Sefaseba ... 88

5.8.1. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobiT

kmayofileba/ndoba .................................................................. 88

5.8.2. sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi mosaxleobis

aqtiuroba ..................................................................................... 92

5.8.3. mosaxleobis mimarTvianoba adgilobriv

TviTmmarTvelobebTan .......................................................... 93

5.8.4. arsebuli municipalitetebis ufro mcire

zomis erTeulebad dayofa ................................................... 97

5.8.5. gamgebelis/meris pirdapiri wesiT arCeva ................. 104

5.9. mosaxleobis socialur-demografiuli profili ........ 107

6. reziume ....................................................................................................... 110

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1. mokle mimoxilva

ganxorcielebuli kvleva miznad isaxavda adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebebiT mosaxleobis kmayofilebis donis gansazRvras. kvlevisas gamoyenebul iqna raodenobrivi, Tvisebrivi da sakabineto kvlevis meTodebi. Tvisebrivi kvlevis farglebSi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi Catarda diskusiebi oTx fokusjgufTan. raodenobrivi kvlevis farglebSi ki, saqarTvelos zrdasrul mosaxleobasTan 3400 pirispiri interviu Sedga.

raodenobrivi da Tvisebrivi kvlevisas Seswavlil iqna saxelmwifo da municipaluri momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomoba saqarTvelos mosaxleobisaTvis da maTi kmayofileba mocemuli servisebiT. aseve Seswavlil iqna moqalaqeebis damokidebuleba TviTmmarTvelobisadmi da maTi saqmianobiT kmayofileba. kvlevam gviCvena saqarTvelos mosaxleobis damokidebuleba arsebuli municipalitetebis ufro mcire erTeulebad daSlisa da gamgeblis-meris pirdapiri wesiT arCevisadmic.

zogadad, unda aRiniSnos, rom mosaxleobis umetesoba, rogorc saxelmwifo, aseve municipaluri momsaxurebiT kmayofilebas gamoTqvams. unda iTqvas, rom saSualod, saxelmwifo momsaxurebiT kmayofili mosaxleobis wili TviTmmarTvelobebis mier miwodebuli servisebiT kmayofilTa wils aWarbebs. Tumca, TavisTavad, rogorc saxelmwifo, aseve municipaluri servisebis moxmarebis sixSire da Tavisebureba imdenad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan, rom msgavsi dajgufeba mocemuli kvlevis farglebSi ar gvaZlevs niSandoblivi daskvnebis gakeTebis safuZvels.

municipaluri da saxelmwifo momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobasTan mimarTebiT gamovlinda, rom ori saxelmwifo servisi: eleqtroenergia da saSualo ganaTleba, yvelaze metad misawvdomia mosaxleobisaTvis. unda aRiniSnos, rom eleqtroenergiis miwodebiT da xarisxiT mosaxleobis absoluturi umravlesoba kmayofilia. rac Seexeba saSualo ganaTlebas, kmayofilebis xarisxi aq SedarebiT dabalia.

komunalur momsaxurebebs Soris, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, eleqtroenergia miwodebisa da xarisxis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze kargadaa Sefasebuli. rac Seexeba sxva komunalur servisebs, yvelaze rTuli mdgomareoba kanalizaciis gaumarTaobis gamo gvaqvs. aRniSnuli infrastuqtura mosaxleobis mxolod naxevrisaTvisaa xelmisawvdomi. unda aRiniSnos, rom qalaqebis absoluturi umravlesoba uzrunvelyofilia mocemuli servisiT, magram arcerT sofels saqarTveloSi sakanalizacio sistema ar aqvs. gazifikaciis sakiTxi calkeul regionSi bolomde kvlavac ar aris mogvarebuli. am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT cudi mdgomareoba samegrelo-zemo svaneTsa da raWa-leCxumSia.


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sagzao infrastruqturis TvalsazrisiT, gaumarTavia dasaxlebebis Sida gzebi. mosaxleobis mxolod naxevaria kmayofili maTi mdgomareobiT (ZiriTadad, qalaqis mosaxleoba). aseve sayuradReboa quCebis ganaTebisa da saxlebis numeraciis sakiTxi, radgan gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba acxadebs, rom maT msgavsi infrastruqtura saerTod ar aqvT.

samedicino momsaxurebis sferoSi aRsaniSnavia profilaqtikuri acrebis Catareba mosaxleobisa da pirutyvisaTvis. respondentTa umravlesoba, romelTac usargebliaT arsebuli servisiT, kmayofilebas gamoxataven. zogadad, jandacvis sistemis muSaobiT mosaxleobis mxolod mesamedia kmayofili. ukmayofilebis ZiriTad mizezad samedicino momsaxurebis safasuri da xelmiuwvdomoba saxeldeba.

calkeul momsaxurebebs Soris aRsaniSnavia eleqtronuli servisebi. mocemul etapze, eleqtronuli servisebis Sesaxeb mosaxleoba informirebuli ar aris da amitomac, momsaxurebas Zalian mcire nawili iyenebs. msgavsi situacia aixsneba regionebSi rogorc internetizaciis, aseve arsebul servisebze mosaxleobis informirebulobis dabali doniT.

miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmwifo da municipaluri momsaxurebis TvalsazrisiT TbilisSi ukeTesi mdgomareobaa, mainc swored dedaqalaqis mosaxleobaa ukmayofilo adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis mier miwodebuli servisebiT (33%). zogadad, TviTmmarTvelobisadmi pozitiuri ganwyoba ver iqneba mxolod saxelmwifo da municipaluri momsaxurebiT ganpirobebuli, da calkeul SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa, arc ganapirobebdes mas. Tumca, kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom zogadad, adgilobrivi mTavrobiT kmayofili respondentTa umravlesoba, aseve kmayofilia saxelmwifo da municipaluri momsaxurebiTac. maT Soris Tbilisis mcxovrebnic, romlebic pozitiurad afaseben TviTmmarTvelobaTa saqmianobas.

dedaqalaqSi TviTmmarTvelobiT mosaxleobis kmayofilebis dabali maCvenebeli SesaZloa gamowveuli iyos ramodenime faqtoriT; erTi mxriv, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tbilisis mosaxleoba bevrad ufro ganebivrebulia infrastruqturuli proeqtebiTa da komunaluri momsaxurebis gamarTulobiT. dedaqalaqSi mcxovrebTa umravelesobisaTvis xelmisawvdomia mravalferovani sajaro momsaxureba. Sesabamisad, mosaxleobas meti molodini aqvs da amdenad kritikulia TviTmmarTvelobisadmi. amasTanave, gasaTvaliswinebelia arCevnebamde da arCevnebis Semdgom yofili xelisuflebisadmi negatiuri damokidebulebis zrda. uaryofiTi damokidebuleba gansakuTrebiT mwvavea dedaqalaqSi. Sesabamisad, Tbilisis mosaxleobis umetesoba undoblobas da ukmayofilebas gamoxatavs sakrebulos muSaobisadmi, romlis SemadgenlobaSic yofili mmarTveli gundis warmomadgenlebi sWarboben.

Tbilisisagan gansxvavebiT, regionebSi mosaxleobis umravlesoba kmayofilia TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobiT. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, TviTmmarTvelobebiT kmayofili mosaxleobis umetesoba aseve kmayofilia saxelmwifo Tu municipaluri momsaxurebiT.

regionebidan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia raWa-leCxumi, sadac adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobiT kmayofilebis yvelaze maRali maCvenebelia. Tumca, sagulisxmoa isic, rom mocemul regionSi municipaluri da saxelmwifo servisis xelmisawvdomobis TvalsazrisiT rTuli mdgomareoba fiqsirdeba. arsebuli situacia, rogorc Cans, saerTod ar aisaxeba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis TviTmmarTvelobisadmi damokidebulebaze. SesaZloa vivaraudoT, rom raWa-leCxumis mosaxleoba imdenad rTul pirobebSi cxovrobs,

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rom minimaluri saWiroebis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSic ki ukve madlieria da ar aqvs ukeTesis molodini.

saintereso situacia gamovlinda gamgebeli-meris pirdapiri wesiT arCevasTan mimarTebaSi. erTi mxriv, gamokiTxulTa umetesoba, gamgebeli-meris pirdapiri wesiT arCevis momxrea, meore mxriv, umravlesoba aseve fiqrobs, rom sakrebulos unda hqondes am ukanasknelis gadayenebis uflebac. urTierTsawinaaRmdego mosazrebis mxardaWera SesaZloa aixsnas TviTmmarTvelobis mowyobis sakiTxebSi mosaxleobis gaTviTcnobierebulobis dabali doniT. aseve moqalaqeebis surviliT, hqondeT damcavi meqanizmi „uvargisi“ kandidatis arCevis SemTxvevaSi. meore mosazreba dasturdeba fokusuri jgufuri diskusiebis SedegebiTac, sadac, miuxedavad imisa, rom respondentebs gaTviTcnobierebuli hqondaT pirdapiri wesiT arCevis riskebi, mainc arCevnebis am wess emxrobodnen. amavdroulad, yvela monawile gamoTqvamda mosazrebas kanonmdeblobaSi iseTi meqanizmebis Cadebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb, rac amomrCevels arCeuli kandidatiT ukmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi misi arCevnebamde gadayenebis saSualebas miscemda.

municipalitetebis ufro mcire erTeulebad dayofasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom raodenobrivi kvlevis farglebSi, mosaxleobis umravlesoba erTmniSvnelovnad am mosazrebis winaaRmdegi da arsebuli dayofis SenarCunebis momxrea. analogiuri tendencia gamovlinda Tvisebrivi kvlevis SedegebiTac. respondentebi municipalitetebis ufro mcire erTeulebad dayofis winaaRmdegni iyvnen da TavianT mosazrebas Semdegi argumentebiT amyarebdnen:

1. ufro wvrili dayofa saqmes gaarTulebs, radgan adgilobrivi kvalificiuri kadri arasakmarisia;

2. gaizrdeba xarjebi;

3. gaizrdeba municipalitetebis raodenoba, es ki centraluri xelisuflebisadmi mimarTvis sixSires gazrdis;

4. gansakuTrebulad Rarib raions gauWirdeba Tavis Senaxva Semosavlebis arqonis gamo.

unda aRiniSnos, rom municipalitetebis mcire erTeulebad dayofis ideas qvemo qarTlis regionSi eTnikuri umciresobebis umravlesoba emxroba.


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2. ZiriTadi daskvnebi

skolamdeli, saSualo da profesiuli ganaTleba

Catarebuli kvlevebiT dadasturda, rom skolamdeli ganaTlebis dawesebulebebi qveynis masStabiT TiTqmis yvelgan funqcionirebs. saxelmwifo sabavSvo baRebis raodenoba gacilebiT metia qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi, soflebSi am mxriv mdgomareoba arasaxarbieloa, gansakuTrebiT ki maRalmTian zonaSi. saxelmwifo skolebic TiTqmis yvela dasaxlebasa da ubanSia, Tumca, maTi odenoba naklebia raWa-leCxumis regionSi. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom demografiuli krizisisa da mosaxleobisagan dacarielebis riskis winaSe zogadad soflebi, umetesad ki maRalmTiani soflebi dgas. aqedan gamomdinare, sabavSvo baRebisa da skolebis saWiroeba zogierT sofelSi saerTod ar aris, zogan maTze moTxovnac ki ar arsebobs. sabavSvo baRebisa da skolebis arqonis yvelaze dabali maCvenebeli raWa-leCxumsa da qvemo svaneTSi dafiqsirda (57% da 26%).

saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT, qveynis masStabiT mosaxleobis zrdis miuxedavad, raWa-leCxumSi mosaxleobis kleba SeiniSneba1, rac garkveulwilad dasturdeba zemoTaRniSnuli monacemebiT sabavSvo baRebisa da skolebis nakleboba-xelmisawvdomobasTan dakavSirebiT; ar aris mosaxleobis moTxovna, Sesabamisad, ar aris servisic.

mosaxleoba qveynis masStabiT ZiriTadad kmayofilia sabavSvo baRebis muSaobis sakmaod maRali xarisxiT. Tumca, gamoikveTa aRniSnuli servisis muSaobis gaumjobesebis tendenciebic. mosaxleobis ukmayofilebas ZiriTadad momsaxurebis maRali safasuri da gaumarTav-dazianebuli infrastruqtura iwvevs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom mosaxleobas ZiriTadad ar gamouTqvams ukmayofileba skolis muSaobasTan dakavSirebiT. amasTanave aRmoCnda, rom soflis mosaxleoba, zogadad, sabavSvo baRebisa da skolebis funqcionirebiT bevrad ufro kmayofilia, vidre qalaqisa.

miuxedavad kvlevaSi dafiqsirebuli kmayofili adamianebis raodenobisa, Tvisobrivi kvlevis monacemebi cxadyofs, rom qalaqTan SedarebiT soflad arsebuli saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis infrastruqtura bevrad ufro savalalo mdgomareobaSia. miuxedavad amisa, mosaxleoba soflad ufro kmayofilia. am SemTxvevaSi gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtic, rom zogadad, soflis mosaxleobaSi naklebia standartebTan Sesabamisobis molodini. konkretuli infrastruqturis arseboba iq ukve dadebiTad aRiqmeba. qalaqis mosaxleoba ki ufro kritikulia garkveuli sakiTxebis mimarT, radgan qalaqebSi metia servisebis alternatiuli wyaroebi da Sesabamisad, aris

1 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis ricxovnoba izrdeba, http://www.geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/georgian/press/31.05.2012_Geo.pdf

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Sedarebis, arCevisa da SerCevis SesaZleblobebi. amasTanave, soflis tipis dasaxlebebSi ufro Zlieria naTesauri kavSirebi da familaruli urTierTobebi, rac garkveulwilad amcirebs momsaxurebis mimwodebelsa da am samsaxuris mimRebs Soris ukmayofilebis gamoxatvis albaTobas.

kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom profesiuli saswavleblebi mosaxleobis mxolod 31 procentisTvisaa xelmisawvdomi, radgan mosaxleobis 25%-s informacia aRniSnuli dawesebulebis Sesaxeb saerTod ar aqvs. mosaxleobis naxevarma aseve ar icis, rogoria profesiul saswavlebelSi swavlis gadasaxadi. aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentTa informirebuli nawili kmayofilia aRniSnuli saswavleblis muSaobiT. profesiuli ganaTlebis kuTxiT, respondentebis mier aseve gamoiyo prioritetuli sferoebi, romelTa Seswavlac sasikeTod waadgeba soflis mosaxleobas. esenia: soflis meurneoba, samedicino da samSeneblo sfero.

socialuri daxmareba

ojaxebi ZiriTadad asakobrivi pensiiTa da saxelmwifo samedicino dazRveviT sargebloben, am momsaxurebis miRebis procedurebs ki, rogorc wesi, martivad afaseben. mosaxleobis 8% sargeblobs siRaribis zRvars qvemoT arsebuli daxmarebiT, romelic sxva socialur daxmarebasTan SedarebiT, rTulad misaRebia.

mosaxleobis didi nawili ar flobs informacias saxelmwifo sasadiloebis Sesaxeb, arainformirebuli adamianebi ki am TvalsazrisiT soflis tipis dasaxlebaSi ufro metia, vidre qalaqSi. maTac ki, vinc icis, Tu sad mdebareobs es sasadilo, uZneldebaT imis Tqma, sakmarisia Tu ara sasadiloSi erT adamianze gamoyofili ulufa. rac Seexeba ufaso sasadilos mier SeTavazebuli sakvebis xarisxs, mocemul sakiTxSi gaTviTcnobierebuli mosaxleobis 7% Tvlis, rom kvebis xarisxi cudia, 47% ki dadebiTad afasebs saxelmwifo sasadiloSi kvebis xarisxs.

jandacva

aRmoCnda, rom mosaxleoba ukanaskneli erTi wlis manZilze yvelaze xSirad saavadmyofoebisa da saswrafo daxmarebis servisiT sargeblobda.

mosaxleoba, romelsac miumarTavs samedicino dawesebulebisaTvis ukanaskneli erTi wlis manZilze, kmayofilia miRebuli momsaxurebiT, xolo zogadad, qveynis jandacvis sistemis Sefasebisas, 20% ukmayofilebas, xolo 33% indiferentul damokidebulebas gamoxatavs. ukmayofilebis mizezad, ZiriTadad, samedicino momsaxurebis safasuri da xelmisawvdomobis SeuZlebloba saxeldeba.

rekreacia, dasveneba, kultura

dasasvenebel da gasarTob infrastruqturebs Soris erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli sportuli moedania da is prioritetuli infrastruqturis CamonaTvalis saTaveSic moeqca. sportul moedanTan da sajaro parkTan erTad, soflis mosaxleobisaTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa kulturis saxlis funqcionirebac.


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komunaluri infrastruqtura

saqarTvelos masStabiT, komunalur infrastruqturaSi yvelaze gamarTulad ele-qtrogayvaniloba muSaobs. mosaxleoba, zogadad, denis miwodebis grafiksa da xarisxs ar uCivis.

wyalgayvaniloba saqarTveloSi arsebuli dasaxlebebis naxevarze metSi funqcionirebs, Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom wyali, romelic mosaxleobas centraluri milgayvanilobiT miewodeba, sasmelad vargisi yovelTvis ar aris. soflis mosaxleobis mxolod 35%-Tvisaa wyali srulad an nawilobriv sasmelad gamosadegi. rac Seexeba wylis gadasaxds, is mo-saxleobisaTvis met-naklebad xelmisawvdomia. unda iTqvas, rom TbilisSi mosaxeleobis meti wili uCivis wylis maRal safasurs, vidre soflad.

mosaxleobis umetesobas (78%) wyali TiTqmis uwyvetad miewodeba da amitomac, wylis raodenoba umravlesobas sayofacxovrebo saWiroebis dasakmayofileblad sruliad sak-marisad an TiTqmis sakmarisad miaCnia.

zogadad, sakanalizacio sistema mosaxleobis naxevars aqvs. Tumca, sagulisxmoa, rom soflis mosaxleobis 96%-s aRniSnuli sistema ar aqvs. maSin rodesac, qalaqad mcxovrebi mosaxlobis 90%-s kanalizacia mowesrigebuli aqvs.

saqarTveloSi arsebuli dasaxlebebis naxevarze meti aseve momaragebulia gaziT, Tumca, es mxolod gazificirebis 75%-s niSnavs, anu imas, rom gazi amden procent konkretul ojaxamde midis.

gzebi

qveyanaSi arsebuli gzebis Sefasebisas, mosaxleobis umetesoba Tvlis, rom avtomagistralebi karg mdgomareobaSia, Tumca, keTilmouwyobelia Sida gzebi. problema gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria maRalmTian soflebSi. amave zonebSi uCivian transportis moZraobis arastabilurobas, sxva adgilebSi ki zogadad, sazogadoebrivi transportis moZraobis grafiki da safasuri dadebiTad aRiqmeba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom raWa-leCxumSi Catarebuli fokusuri jgufuri diskusiis monawileebma ukayofileba gamoTqves sazogadoebrivi transportis moZraobis sixSiresa da safasurTan dakavSirebiT. ukmayofileba dafiqsirda Sida gadaasadgilebeli gzebis mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebiTac. guriaSi Catarebuli fokusuri jgufuri diskusiis monawileebi gzebis SekeTebis xarisxs uCiodnen.

sxvadasxva momsaxurebebi

turizmis ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebiT ZiriTadad, Tbilisis, kaxeTisa da aWaris mosaxleoba saubrobs. sabolood, mosaxleobis mxolod 29% acxadebs, rom maT raionSi turizmi ganviTarebulia da maRali turistuli nakadebi mxolod zafxulSi SeiniSneba.

soflis tipis dasaxlebaSi prioritetulad miiCneven soflis meurneobis ganviTarebas. aseve Tvlian, rom saxelmwifos mxridan am sferos xelSewyoba xdeba. gansakuTrebuli xelmisawvdomobiT miwis damuSavebisa da sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis SesaZeni vauCerebi dasaxelda.

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mosaxleobis mxolod 16% acxadebs, rom maT raionSi xelmisawvdomia ufaso iuridiuli daxmareba, Tumca, mxolod mcire nawils Tu usargeblia am momsaxurebiT.

sxva iuridiul momsaxurebas Soris yvelaze gavrcelebulia piradobis mowmobis aReba-ganaxleba.

qalaqisa Tu soflis mosaxleobis umravlesobas, ganurCevlad, sakmaod usafrTxod miaCnia sakuTari dasaxleba.

socialur problemebs Soris yvelaze saSuri da mosawesrigebeli alkoholis moxmarebaa, gansakuTrebiT ki qalaqis tipis dasaxlebaSi.

aRmoCnda, rom mosaxleobis 22%-Tvis ar aris xelmisawvdomi samaSvelo da saxanZro samsaxuri, am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareoba qvemo qarTlSia.

mosaxleobis did nawils ar aqvs informacia eleqtronuli servisebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, informirebuli adamianebi ki ZiriTadad TbilisSi cxovroben. saintersoa is faqtic, rom ufro met mamakacs smenia eleqtronuli servisis Sesaxeb, vidre qals.

mosaxleobis naxevarze meti, gansakuTrebiT ki soflis mosaxleoba miiCnevs, rom maT dasaxlebaSi haeri da niadagi ar aris dabinZurebuli. Tumca, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom zugdidsa da bolnisSi Catarebuli fokusuri jgufebis monawileebma am qalaqebSi mdinareebis dabinZurebis gamo SeSfoTeba gamoxates.

TviTmmarTvelobebis zogadi Sefaseba

raodenobrivma kvlevam cxadyo, rom zogadad, yvela faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT, respondentTa naxevari kmayofilia maTi municipalitetis sakrebulo-gamgeobis muSaobiT da endoba kidec maT. aqve saubaria gasaumjobesebel parametrebzec, romelTa Sorisac, mosaxleobis umravlesobam, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis mier mosaxleobis saWiroebis ufro metad gaTvaliswineba daasaxela. aseve sayurdRebo faqtorad unda miviCnioT respondentTa didi nawilis moTxovna, biujetidan meti Tanxa gamoiyos municipalitetis problemebis mosagvareblad, xolo adgilobrivma TviTmmarTvelobebma ufro xSiri Sexvedrebi moawyon mosaxleobasTan da droulad miawodon informacia mimdinare movlenebze.

Tvisebrivi kvlevis farglebSi gamoikveTa TviTmmarTvelobis xelmZRvanelobis mxridan mosaxleobasTan ufro xSiri Sexvedrebisa da maTTan adgilobrivi problemebis ganxilvisa da msjelobis saWiroeba. amasTanave, dafiqsirda meti finansebis gamoyofis aucileblobac. jgufis monawileebi, ZiriTadad, biujetis simciriT xsnidnen maT dasaxlebaSi mougvarebel problemebs da ara adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis ususurobiTa da pasiurobiT. Sesabamisad logikuria, rom raodenobrivi kvlevis farglebSi soflis tipis dasaxlebaSi mcxovreb respondentTa umetesoba, kmayofilia soflis rwmunebulebis saqmianobiT da amdenive endoba maT (67%, 69%).

mosaxleobis umetesi nawili pasiuria sazogadoebrivi cxovrebaSi CarTulobis kuTxiT. maT Soris, vinc monawileoba miiRo sazogadoebriv aqtivobaSi, ZiriTadad, politikur an saganmanaTleblo Temaze gamarTul Sexevdras asaxelebs. pasiuroba SeiniSneba gamgeoba-sakrebulosaTvis mimarTvis kuTxiTac. gamokiTxulTa mxolod mexuTeds miumarTavs adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisaTvis problemis mogvarebis mizniT da aqedan, mxolod naxevris moTxovna dakmayofilda.


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araerTgvarovania respondentTa damokidebuleba municipalitetis xelmZRvanelobis mosaxleobasTan urTierTobis sakiTxze. gamokiTxulTa naxevris azriT, es urTierToba efeqturia, xolo meore naxevris azriT - araefeqturi. kvlevis farglebSi zogadi tendenciis saxiT dafiqsirda, rom qalaqis mosaxleoba ufro kritikuladaa ganwyobili da umetesoba araefeqturad miiCnevs municipalitetis saqmianobas. gansakuTrebiT kritikulad TbilisSi mcxovrebi respondentebi arian ganwyobili. soflis mosaxleobis umetesoba ki sapirispiro mosazrebas afiqsirebs.

Tbilisis gansxvavebuli mowyobidan gamomdinare, SekiTxva sxva interpretaciiT daisva. TbilisSi ufro wvrili dayofa ubnebad dayofas gulisxmobs. Sesabamisad, dedaqalaqSi gamokiTxulTa damokidebuleba gamoirCeva danarCeni regionis mcxovrebTa damokidebulebisagan. municipalitetebis ufro wvril erTeulebad dayofas TbilisSi gamokiTxulTa didi nawili emxroba (39%), maSin rodesac, danarCen regionSi respondentTa umetesoba, piriqiT, ar fiqrobs, rom msgavsi dayofa saWiroa (42%). aRsaniSnavia, rom Tbilisis garda, danarCen qalaqebSic municipalitetis mcire erTeulebad dayofis ideas meti mowinaaRmdege hyavs, vidre soflebSi.

Tvisebrivma kvlevam analogiuri tendencia gamoavlina. fokusuri jgufis monawileebic ufro metad municipalitetis imave sazRvrebis SenarCunebis momxreni arian. jgufis monawileebi raionebis ufro mcire erTeulebad dayofis sawinaaRmdego ZiriTad argumentad adgilebze kvalificiuri kadrebis naklebobasa da gazrdil administraciul xarjebs asaxeleben.

mosaxleobis umetesoba mxars uWers gamgebeli-meris pirdapiri wesiT arCevas (64%) da amavdroulad, respondentTa naxevari (47%) sakrebulosaTvis gamgebeli-meris gadayenebis uflebis miniWebis momxrea. urTierTsawinaaRmdego mosazrebis mxardaWera TviTmmarTvelobis mowyobis sakiTxebSi mosaxleobis gauTviTcnobierebaze metyvelebs. erTi mxriv, umetesobas surs Tavad airCios gamgebeli-meri da meore mxriv, adamianebis did nawils ainteresebs sakrebulos darCes meri-gamgebelis gadayenebis ufleba am ukanasknelis cudad muSaobis SemTxvevaSi. (SeniSvna: meri-gamgebelis pirdapiri wesiT arCevis momxre 64%-dan 62% aseve emxroba sakrebulos mier gamgebeli-meris gadayenebis ideas).

igive tendencia dafiqsirda Tvisebriv kvlevaSi, sadac monawileebi meri-gamgebelis pirdapiri wesiT arCevis momxre iyvnen da amavdroulad, gamoTqvamdnen kanonmdeblobaSi damatebiTi berketebis Cadebis survils im SemTxvevisaTvis, Tuki arCeuli kandidati Tavs ver gaarTmevda masze dakisrebul movaleobas.

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3. qarTuli konteqsti

3.1. zogadi suraTi

sabWoTa periodidan, moqalaqeTa monawileoba marTvisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi mxolod formaluri iyo. kanonmdeblobaSi asaxuli Tundac mcire ufleba yoveldRiur praqtikaSi TiTqmis ar gamoiyeneboda. xelisuflebis mxridan programebis ganxorcilebisas, rogorc wesi, ar xdeboda mosaxleobis calkeuli jgufebis lokaluri interesebis gaTvaliswineba. situacia negatiurad aisaxeboda mosaxleobis ganwyobaze da am ukanasknelSi saxelmwifos mimarT nihilizmis gaZlierebas uwyobda xels.

damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg, qveynis politikuri elita decentralizacias, adgilobrivi xelisuflebisTvis uflebamosilebisa da resursebis gadacemas Tavs aridebda, yovelive amas ki, mosaxleobis mzadyofnis dabali doniT amarTlebda. garda amisa, qveynis winaSe arsebuli sxva gamowvevebis fonze (teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgena, umZimesi socialur-ekonomikuri krizisi da a.S.), decentralizacia araprioritetul mimarTulebad ganixileboda.

realurad, reformebis Seferxebis mizezi mmarTveli Zalebis mier adgilebze absoluturi kontrolis mopovebisa da SenarCunebis survili iyo. miuxedavad imisa, Tu romeli politikuri Zala imyofeboda Zalauflebis saTaveSi, centraluri xelisufleba qmnida barierebs adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis ganviTarebis procesis Sesaferxeblad.

1991 wlidan, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis sistemis ganviTareba pirobiTad ramdenime etapad SeiZleba daiyos:

I etapi - 1991 wlis pirveli mravalpartiuli arCevnebis Sedegad Seqmnilma adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis sistemam centraluri xelisuflebis mxridan Zlieri kontrolis pirobebSi (prezidentis mier daniSnuli prefeqtebi) daiwyo funqcionireba, Tumca, misi ganviTareba saxelmwifo gadatrialebis (1992 w.) Semdeg SeCerda.

II etapi - TviTmmarTvelobis ararsebobis periodi (1992-1998 ww.), rodesac adgilebze Zalauflebas centraluri xelisuflebis mier pirdapir daniSnuli merebi (qalaqebSi) da gamgeblebi (raionebSi) da rwmunebulebi (regionebSi) axorcielebdnen.

III etapi - TviTmmarTvelobis xelaxali damkvidrebis periodi (1998-2006 ww.). 1998- 2002 wlebSi Catarda municipaluri arCevnebi, Seiqmna adgilobrivi


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warmomadgenlobiTi organoebi - sakrebuloebi, rogorc qalaqis, dabis, Temisa da soflis (TviTmmarTvelobis I safexuri), ise raionis da ramdenime qalaqis (II safexuri) doneze. kanonmdeblobiT ganisazRvra TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis uflebamosilebani, romelTa CamonaTvali xSirad icvleboda zrdis an klebis mimarTulebiT. Tumca, centralur xelisuflebas TviTmmarTvelobebisTvis ar gadaucia Sesabamisi finansuri da qonebrivi resursebi, ris gamoc, isini realurad ver axorcielebdnen kanoniT miniWebul kompetenciebs.

IV etapi - (2006-2012 ww.) - “vardebis revoluciis” periodi; 2006 wlis TviTmmarTvelobis teritoriuli safuZvlebis reorganizebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi gamoikveTa ara decentralizaciis, aramed centralizaciis mzardi tendencia: gauqmda TviTmmarTvelobis qveda done im motiviT, rom raionul dones, uflebamosilebaTa gasaxorcieleblad eqneboda meti finansuri resursi. Tumca, mogvianebiT, daiwyo sajaro finansebis centralizaciis procesi. amave dros, gaZlierda centraluri xelisuflebis kontroli adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebze, romlebmac TiTqmis dakarges damoukidebeli gadawyvetilebebis miRebis SesaZlebloba.

V etapi - (2012 wlidan) - 2012 wlis oqtombris saparlamento arCevnebis gziT xelisuflebis saTaveSi mosuli politikuri Zala decentralizacias erT-erT umTavres prioritetad asaxelebs, Tumca, jer ar aris naTeli, ra mimarTulebiT warimarTeba qveyanaSi TviTmmarTvelobis sistemis ganviTarebis procesi.

decentralizaciis dabali donis fonze, sustia TviTmmarTvelobis ganxorcielebaSi moqalaqeTa CarTulobis xarisxi. amave dros, xSir SemTxvevaSi, sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebis centralizebili sistema adekvaturad ar pasuxobda adgilobriv moTxovnebs. TviTmmarTvelobebi, faqtobrivad, centraluri xelisuflebis adgilobriv ganyofilebebad iqcnen, romelTa mizansac arCevnebis periodSi mmarTveli partiis sasargeblod amomrCevelTa xmebis mobilizeba warmoadgenda.

3.2. mdgomareoba sferoebis mixedviT

kanonmdebloba. sakanonmdeblo baza seriozul daxvewas saWiroebs. xSirad calkeuli normatiuli aqtebi ewinaaRmdegeba ara mxolod saqarTvelos konstituciiTa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis evropuli qartiiT aRiarebul principebs, aramed erTmaneTsac. ufro metic, zogjer ama Tu im kanonis calkeuli muxlebi urTierTgamomricxav debulebebs Seicavs. xSiria kanonmdeblobis cvla. ramdenime aTeuli dargobrivi kanoni SesabamisobaSia mosayvani “adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqsTan“. 2007 wlidan gamoikveTa axali tendencia - centraluri xelisuflebis mier adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebze zewolis adre arsebuli, araoficialuri formebi sakanonmdeblo aqtebSic iwyebs asaxvas. zogjer es cvlilebebi kuriozul Sinaarss iZenda, magaliTad, TviTmmarTvelobebis sakuTari saxsrebiT centraluri xelisuflebis saqmianobis dafinansebis “ufleba” (“adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos organuli kanonis 2009 wlis 27 martis cvlileba), saqarTvelos prezidentisaTvis adgilobrivi qonebis erTpirovnuli gankargvis uflebis miniWeba (“adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qonebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis 191 muxli - 2007 weli) da a.S.

2013 15

teritoriuli organizeba. 2006 wlamde qveyanaSi arsebobda adgilobrivi xelisuflebis ori done: qalaqis, dabis, Temisa da soflis 1.000-ze meti erTeuli (qveda done) da 69 raioni/TviTmmarTveli qalaqi (zeda done). 2006 wels, TviTmmarTvelobis resursebis ukeT mobilizebis mizniT gauqmda TviTmmarTvelobis qveda done da TviTmmarTvelobis erTaderT doned raionebis teritoriaze formirebuli municipalitetebi da xuTi TviTmmarTveli qalaqi gamocxadda.

TviTmmarTvelobis struqturebis formireba da saqmianoba. TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlobiT organos sakrebulo, xolo aRmasrulebels - gamgeoba (munici-palitetebSi) da meria (TviTmmarTvel qalaqebSi) warmoadgens.

gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi adgilebis marTva pirdapir centris mier daniSnuli organoebis mier xorcieldeboda. mogvianebiT, 1998 wels Seqmnili TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis arCevnebSi, da Semdegac, centraluri xelisufleba egueboda adgilebze opoziciuri partiebis warmatebas, vinaidan TviTmmarTvelobas realuri uflebebi ar gaaCnda. “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg, TviTmmarTvelobaTa kidev ufro SezRudvis miuxedavad, qveynis saTaveSi myofi mmarTveli politikuri Zala cdilobs da ayalibebs kidec faqtobrivad erTpartiul sistemas xelisuflebis yvela doneze. 2010 wlis arCevnebis Sedegad Seqmnili TviTmmarTveloba yvelaze erTpartiuli iyo saqarTvelos istoriaSi arsebuli yvela wina adgilobrivi arCevnebis (1919, 1991, 1998, 2002, 2006) Sedegad Seqmnil TviTmmarTvelobebTan SedarebiT (erTiani nacionaluri moZraoba - mandatebis 86,4%). rig sakrebuloebSi opoziciuri partiebis arc erTi warmomadgeneli ar iqna arCeeuli. arCevnebis samarTlianad Catarebis sakiTxi, rogorc saqarTvelos samoqalaqo sazogadoebis, ise saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mxridan, araerTxel dadga kiTxvis niSnis qveS - mmarTveli partiebi yovelTvis iyenebdnen maT xelT arsebul administraciul resursebs da amomrCevelTa mosyidvis meTodebs.

miuxedavad amisa, mmarTveli partia srulad mainc ar endoboda adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebs. sakrebuloTa roli TviTmmarTvelobaSi TiTqmis formaluri iyo. realur Zalauflebas aRmasrulebeli Sto (gamgebeli, meri) flobda, romelic, Tavis mxriv, srulad emorCileboda regionSi centraluri xelisuflebis warmomadgenlis - gubernatoris absolutur kontrols.

uflebamosilebani. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, axorcieleben sakuTar da delegirebul uflebamosilebebs. kanoniT aris gansazRvruli sakuTari uflebamosilebis CamonaTvali:

• municipalitetis biujetis proeqtis momzadeba, ganxilva da damtkiceba, damtkicebul biujetSi cvlilebis Setana, biujetis Sesrulebis angariSis mosmena da Sefaseba; saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad sabiujeto saxsrebis gankargva, saxazino finansuri operaciebisa da sabanko tranzaqciebis warmoeba;

• municipalitetis sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis marTva da gankargva am kanoniTa da saqarTvelos sxva sakanonmdeblo da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebiT dadgenili wesiT;

• adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis bunebrivi resursebis, maT Soris, wylisa da tyis resursebis da municipalitetis sakuTrebaSi arsebuli miwis resursebis, marTva kanoniT dadgenili wesiT;

• adgilobrivi gadasaxadebisa da mosakreblebis SemoReba da gauqmeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, maTi ganakveTebis dadgena kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli zRvruli odenobebis farglebSi; adgilobrivi mosakreblebis amoReba;


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• municipalitetis sivrciT-teritoriuli dagegmva da Sesabamis sferoSi normebisa da wesebis gansazRvra; qalaqTmSeneblobiTi dokumentaciis, maT Soris, miwaTsargeblobis generaluri gegmis, ganaSenianebis regulirebis gegmis, dasaxlebaTa teritoriebis gamoyenebisa da ganaSenianebis regulirebis wesebis, damtkiceba;

• municipalitetis teritoriis keTilmowyoba da Sesabamisi sainJinro infrastruqturis ganviTareba; municipalitetis teritoriaze quCebis, parkebis, skverebisa da sxva sajaro adgilebis dasufTaveba, teritoriis gamwvaneba, gare ganaTebis uzrunvelyofa;

• myari (sayofacxovrebo) narCenebis Segroveba da gatana;

• wyalmomaragebis (maT Soris, teqnikuri wyliT momaragebis) da wyalarinebis uzrunvelyofa; adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis samelioracio sistemis ganviTareba;

• municipalitetis marTvaSi arsebuli skolamdeli da skolisgareSe aRzrdis dawesebulebebis Seqmna da maTi funqcionirebis uzrunvelyofa;

• adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis saavtomobilo gzebis marTva da adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebze sagzao moZraobis organizeba; avtosatransporto saSualebebis parkirebis adgilebiT uzrunvelyofa da dgomis/gaCerebis wesebis regulireba;

• municipalitetis administraciul sazRvrebSi regularuli samgzavro gadayvanis nebarTvis gacema; mosaxleobis municipaluri transportiT momsaxurebis organizeba;

• gare vaWrobis, gamofenebis, bazrebisa da bazrobebis regulireba;

• municipalitetis teritoriaze mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacema, mSeneblobaze zedamxedvelobis ganxorcieleba saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo aqtebiT dadgenili wesiTa da dadgenil farglebSi;

• Sekrebebisa da manifestaciebis gamarTvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis regulireba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT;

• municipalitetis administraciul sazRvrebSi mdebare geografiuli obieq-tebis, kerZod, istoriulad Camoyalibebuli ubnis, TviTmmarTveli qalaqis administraciuli erTeulis, ama Tu im zonis, mikroraionis, wyaros, moednis, prospeqtis (gamziris), gzatkecilis, quCis, Sesaxvevis, Cixis, gasasvlelis, sanapiros, esplanadis, bulvaris, xeivnis, skveris, baRis, parkis, tye-parkis, adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyis, sasaflaos, panTeonis, Senoba-nagebobis, satransporto sistemis obieqtis, saxeldeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT;

• gare reklamis ganTavsebis regulireba;

• Sinauri cxovelebis yolis wesebis dadgena da upatrono cxovelebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gadawyveta;

• sasaflaoebis mowyoba da movla-patronoba;

• adgilobrivi TviTmyofadobis, SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobisa da kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva da ganviTareba; adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis kulturis ZeglTa movla-Senaxva, rekonstruqcia da reabilitacia; municipalitetis marTvaSi arsebuli biblioTekebis, saklubo dawesebulebebis, kinoTeatrebis, muzeumebis, Teatrebis, sagamofeno darbazebisa da sportul-gamajansaRebeli obieqtebis funqcionirebis uzrunvelyofa da axali obieqtebis mSenebloba;

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• adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis obieqtebze SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebisaTvis, bavSvebisa da moxucebisaTvis saTanado infrastruqturis ganviTareba, maT Soris, sajaro TavSeyris adgilebisa da municipaluri transportis saTanadod adaptirebisa da aRWurvis uzrunvelyofa;

• usaxlkaroTa TavSesafriT uzrunvelyofa da registracia.

adgilebze ganxorcielebuli kompetenciebi praqtikulad sam jgufad SeiZleba daiyos:

1. kompetencia, romelic Tavisi bunebiT adgilobrivia, magram saxelmwifo axorcielebs (mag: wyalmomaragebis sistema qalaqebSi; nawilobriv, adgilobrivi gzebisa da komunikaciebis reabilitacia da a.S.);

2. kompetencia, romelic kerZo seqtoris xelSia da TviTmmarTveloba maT ver akontrolebs (gazificireba da eleqtromomarageba), Tumca, sazogadoebis TvalSi, swored municipaliteti aRiqmeba maRal tarifze an cud servisze pasuxismgebel organod;

3. kompetencia, romelsac centri unda axorcielebdes, magram misi Sesruleba adgilebs evalebaT (Sss-Tvis policiis ganyofilebis ageba adgilobrivi biujetis xarjze, risi precendentebi 2012 wlamde xSirad fiqsirdeboda da sxv.).

finansebis araadekvaturi ganawilebis gamo TviTmmarTvelobas uWirs darCenili uflebamosilebis ganxorcieleba. Sedegad, centris mier ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis (“soflis mxardaWeris saxelmwifo programa”) didi nawili im sferoebs (adgilobrivi gzebi, sasmeli wyliT momarageba) moicavs, rac wesiT, adgilobrivi TviTmmaTvelobis uflebamosilebas warmoadgens. maRalia ganxorcielebuli saqmianobis araefeqturobis xarisxic. rac meti Tanxa ixarjeba calkeul prioritetebze, miT naklebi Sedegi miiReba. Sedegad, sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebis xarisxiT ukmayofileba ZiriTadad im qalaqebSi iCens Tavs, sadac xelisuflebam didi programebi ganaxorciela.

ekonomikuri safuZvlebi. “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg gaizarda regionebSi daxarjuli sajaro finansebis odenoba (daaxloebiT 200 mln. lari 2002 wels, 2.000 mln. larze meti 2012 wels), magram am Tanxebis mniSvnelovani nawilis aTvisebas centraluri (da ara adgilobrivi) xelisufleba axorcielebda. Semcirda TviTmmarTvelobis sakuTari sagadasaxado Semosavlebis wili. TviTmmarTvelobebi srulad gaxdnen damokidebuli transferebze (2012 wels transferebisa da programuli xarjebis moculobam adgilobrivi biujetis 88,5% Seadgina). mniSvnelovani adgili ekava miznobriv da specialur transferebs, romlis xarjvis politikasac TviTmmarTveli erTeuli ver gansazRvravda (magaliTad, 76,7 mln. laris gamoyofa quTaisSi parlamentis Senobis asaSeneblad).

gaizarda xarjebi, romelic uSualod ar iyo dakavSirebuli TviTmmarTvelobis uflebamosilebebTan (gansakuTrebiT winasaarCevno periodSi). xarjebis saSualod daaxloebiT 40% modioda administraciul xarjebze. wlis ganmavlobaSi biujetSi radikaluri cvlileba ramdenjerme xorcieldeboda. problemuri gaxldaT momsaxurebis Sesyidvis politikac - aqcenti arsebiTad ara xarisxze, aramed mcire faszekeTdeboda.

2005 wlidan TviTmmarTvelobisaTvis qonebis gadacemis procesi neli tempiT warimarTeboda. 2007 wlidan permanentulad mcirdeboda adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis qonebis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli CamonaTvali da igi samarTavad centralur xelisuflebas (ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro) gadaecemoda. amasTan,


18

TviTmmarTvelobis qonebis gasxvisebis uflebas, garda Tavad TviTmmarTveli erTeulisa, saqarTvelos prezidentic flobda.

sajaro samsaxuri. politizaciis maRali done iwvevda saStato erTeulebis zrdas, gansakuTrebiT, winasaarCevno periodebSi. 2006-2012 wlebSi adgilobrivi TviTmmar Tve-lobis organoebSi dasaqmebulTa raodenoba gaormagda (6.734-dan 11.770-mde). sajaro moxeles ar gaaCnda sakuTari uflebis dacvis sakanonmdeblo garantiebi da srulad gaxldaT damokidebuli xelmZRvanelis ganwyobaze. ar arsebobda kvalifikaciis amaRlebis Camoyalibebuli sistema, Sedegad, moxeleTa kvalifikaciisa da motivaciis done metad dabali iyo.

3.3. sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebis miwodebis praqtika

saqarTveloSi sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebis miwodeba maRali xarisxiT sabWoTa periodSic ar gamoirCeoda. mdgomareoba kidev ufro gauaresda damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg. dReisaTvis, regionebSi mTeli rigi proeqtebis ganxorcieleba centraluri xelisuflebis mier, saxelmwifo biujetis saxsrebiT xorcieldeba (2011 wels 333,3 mln. lari, 2012 wels - 410 mln. lari).

calkeuli mimarTulebebis Sefasebisas, am sferoSi arsebuli problemebi TvalSisacemia:

wyalmomarageba soflad TviTmmarTveli erTeulis movaleobaa. saxsrebi (TviTmmarTve-lobis biujetis 5-6%) aSkarad arasakmarisia. rogorc wesi, ar xorcieldeba wylis xaris-xis kontroli - adre moqmedi xarisxis Semmowmebeli laboratoriebi TiTqmis yvelgan daixura.

adgilobrivi gzebis reabilitacia centralizebuli wesiT xorcieldeba. infrastruqturis ganviTarebis programebi, ZiriTadad, regionebSi gansaxorcielebeli proeqtebis fondidan da “soflis mxardaWeris programidan” finansdeba.

dasufTaveba da narCenebis Segroveba qalaqebSi SedarebiT mowesrigebulia, rasac ver vityviT soflebze, sadac aRniSnuli momsaxureba faqtobrivad ar xorcieldeba.

mgzavrTa gadayvanis reJimis dadgenis ufleba mxolod TviTmmarTvel qalaqebs gaaCniaT da ara municipalitetebs, amitomac isini ver axerxeben marSrutebisa da grafikebis Sedgenas.

socialuri daxmareba da jandacva TviTmmarTvelobis nebayoflobiTi uflebamosilebaa. socialur daxmarebebze ixarjeba biujetis 5-7%. jandacvis sferoSi maregulirebeli aqtebi ar arsebobs, amitom uflebamosileba praqtikulad ver xorcieldeba. sazogadoebriv jandacvaze biujetis mxolod 1-1,5% ixarjeba.

sabavSvo baRebi - skolamdeli aRzrdis dawesebulebebisaTvis adgilobrivi biujetis 5-7% ixarjeba.

kulturis obieqtebi - 2007 wlidan centralurma xelisuflebam daiwyo TviTmmarTvelobisaTvis rigi obieqtebis (biblioTekebi da sxv.) gadacema. maTi udidesi nawili savalalo mdgomareobaSi iyo. vinaidan, adgilobriv biujets (xarjebis mxolod 3-5%) Senobebis remontisaTvis sakmarisi Tanxa ar gaaCnda, am obieqtTa didi nawili (umeteswilad biblioTekebi) daixura.

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nebarTvebi - 2005 wlidan moxda administraciul momsaxurebaTa umetesobis centralizacia. dReisaTvis am sferoSi TviTmmarTvelobas mxolod mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemis ufleba gaaCnia. municipalitetebs (59 erTeuli), TviTmmarTveli qalaqebisagan (5 erTeuli) gansxvavebiT, ar gaaCniaT moqalaqe-mgzavrTa gadayvanis organizebis uflebamosilebac ki.

3.4. sazogadoebis monawileoba

kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, moqalaqeebs normatiuli aqtis inicirebisa da sakrebulos sxdomebSi monawileobis ufleba aqvT. maT gaaCniaT peticiis gziT sakiTxis inicirebis uflebac - TviTmmarTvel erTeulSi registrirebul amomrCevelTa aranakleb 1%-s SeuZlia moamzados dadgenilebis proeqti sakrebulos normatiuli aqtis gauqmebis an cvlilebebis Sesaxeb.

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebi, praqtikulad, am uflebas ar iyeneben, vinaidan:

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis adre arsebuli funqciebis nawili ukve centralizebulia da Sesabamisad, mosaxleoba rig sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT TviTmmarTvelobisaTvis mimarTvis saWiroebas ver xedavs.

sazogadoeba fiqrobs (da xSir SemTxvevaSi arc Tu usafuZvlod), rom TviTmmarTvelobas, TviT am ukanasknelis uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis procesSi “aravin arafers ekiTxeba”, amitom, Tu adamians problemis gadawyveta surs, urCevnia centralur xelisuflebas mimarTos.

jer kidev reformis ganxorcielebis adreul etapze, 2005-2007 wlebSi Catarebuli kvlevebi aCveneben sazogadoebaSi frustraciis xarisxis zrdis tendencias. aRniSnuli kvlevebi cxadyofs, rom TviTmmarTvelobas umTavresad mimarTvdnen dokumentaciis misaRebad, komunaluri sakiTxebisa da socialuri problemebis mosagvareblad.2

kidev ufro naklebi iyo TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobis procesSi moqalaqeTa CarTulobis xarisxi. moqalaqeTa absoluturi umravlesoba (96,3% - 2008 weli) acxadebda, rom arasodes miuRia monawileoba TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis mier organizebul SekrebebSi, radgan 80%-ze mets ar sjeroda, rom es Sedegs moitanda.3

centraluri xelisufleba, Tavisi saqmianobiT, xels uwyobda am ganwyobis zrdas. adgilobrivi mniSvne lobis sakiTxebis centris mier gadawyveta moqalaqeebSi aZlierebda rwmenas, rom TviTmmarTvelobis gareSec SeiZleba problemebis mogvareba. aseTi ganwyoba iyo TviTmmarTvelobis organoebSic.

sazogadoebis negatiur ganwyobas aZlierebda TviTmmarTvelobis moxeleTa mcdeloba, sando pirebis - “aqtivis” SekrebiT adgilebze SeeqmnaT demokratiis imiji, gansakuTrebiT winasaarCevno periodebSi.

2 2007 wlis monacemTa mixedviT 60,6%-ma, xolo 2008 wlis mixedviT - SedarebiT naklebma (komunaluri sfero - 32,7%, socialuri sakiTxebi - 31,6%, dokumentaciis aReba - 17,5%) respondentma ganacxada, rom miiRo rasac iTxovda. re-spondentTa 53,2%-ma (2007) da 49,5%-ma (2008) ganacxada, rom arasodes miumarTavs TviTmmarTvelobisaTvis, radgan ar dasWirvebiaT misi momsaxureoba, xolo 34,6%-ma (2007) da 31,2%-ma (2008) ganacxada, rom ar hqonda imedi, rom ra-mes miaRwevda. adgilobrivi demokratiis wliuri angariSebi, fondi “Ria sazogadoeba - saqarTvelo”, 2007 da 2008.

3 adgilobrivi demokratiis wliuri angariSi, fondi “Ria sazogadoeba - saqarTvelo”, 2008.


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4. kvlevis dizaini da meTodologia

kvlevaSi gamoyenebul iqna rogorc raodenobrivi, aseve Tvisebrivi da sakabineto kvlevis meTodebi.

kvlevis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgenda adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis momsaxurebiT mosaxleobis kmayofilebis donis Sefaseba.

kvlevis konkretuli amocana iyo:

• adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis mier mosaxleobisaTvis miwodebuli servisis masS-tabebis gansazRvra;

• raionebisa da municipalitetebis mier miwodebuli konkretuli servisiT mosaxle-obis kmayofilebis donis dadgena;

• mosaxleobis kmayofilebis donis dadgena saxelmwifo moxeleebis saqmianobiT, radgan es saqmianoba SesaZloa momavalSi adgilobriv xelisuflebas gadabardes;

• mosaxleobis kmayofilebis donis dadgena sajaro servisis garkveuli safasuriT;

• mosaxleobis kmayofilebis donis dadgena gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi Car-TulobiT;

• adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis xelmZRvanelTa saqmianobiT mosaxleobis kmayo-filebis donis gansazRvra;

• sajaro servisiT kmayofilebisa da ukmayofilebis ZiriTadi mizezis dadgena;

• servisi, romelsac mosaxleoba amJamad ar iRebs, magram aqvs survili, momavalSi isargeblos;

• adgilobrivi da regionuli mmarTveli organoebis saqmianobis zogadi Sefaseba;

4.1. sakabineto kvleva

sakabineto kvlevis mizans warmoadgenda TviTmmarTvelobis (municipaluri da centralizebuli) momsaxurebis kuTxiT saqarTveloSi arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb arsebul kvlevaTa mimoxilva.

2013 21

sakabineto kvleva miznad isaxavda relevantur sakiTxebze kvlevisaTvis meoradi informaciis moZiebasa da moZiebuli Sedegis gansaxorcielebul kvlevasTan Sedarebas.

sakabineto kvleva xelmZRvanelobda mTavari kiTxvebiT:

• ra mdgomareobaa saqarTveloSi TviTmmarTvelobis kuTxiT?

• rogoria TviTmmarTvelobis sakiTxebSi mosaxleobis CarTulobis xarisxi?

• rogoria municipaluri da saxelmwifo momsaxureba?

• rogoria mosaxleobis damokidebuleba municipalur da saxelmwifo momsaxurebasTan?

sakabineto kvlevis detaluri aRwerilobisa da gamoyenebuli masala-angariSis Sesaxeb detaluri informacia ixileT danarTSi #1.

4.2. Tvisebrivi kvleva

Tvisebrivi kvlevis farglebSi saqarTvelos masStabiT sul 4 fokus jgufi Catarda, maT Soris guria, raWa, samegrelosa da qvemo qarTlSi.

fokus jgufSi monawileobda rogorc qalaqis, aseve soflis mosaxleoba. respondentTa SerCevis ZiriTadi kriteriumi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebTan urTierTobis gamocdileba iyo (soflis rwmunebuli, gamgeoba, sakrebulo).

fokus jgufi Sedgeboda 8-9 respondentisagan, maTi asaki 25-50 weli iyo.

fokus jgufis muSaobis xangrZlivoba daaxloebiT 2.5 saaTs Seadgenda, jgufis muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg momzadda diskusiis detaluri transkripti kvlevis saboloo angariSis mosamzadeblad.

4.3. raodenobrivi kvleva

kvlevis samizne jgufs warmoadgenda saqarTvelos zrdasruli mosaxleoba (18 da ufrosi wlis). kvlevam saqarTvelos mier kontrolirebadi yvela regioni moicva.

sul kvlevis farglebSi 3400 pirispir interviu Catarda. intervius xangrZlivoba daaxloebiT 40-45 wuTi iyo.

kvlevis instruqcia da analitikuri nawili ei-si-Tis gundisa da mowveuli eqspetris, daviT losaberiZis damuSavebulia.


22

SerCevis dizainisaTvis gamoyenebul iqna orsafexuriani klasteruli SerCeva winaswari stratifikaciiT. SerCevis safuZvlisaTvis gamoiyenes 2002 wlis mosaxleobis aRweris Sedegebi.

TiToeul SerCevis wertilze (pirveladi SerCevis wertilze) gamoikiTxa 10 respondenti, xolo meorad SerCevis wertilze (SinameurneobaSi) erTi respondenti. respondentis SerCeva SinameurneobaSi bolo dabadebis dRis principiT moxda.

SerCevis moculobis ganawileba regionis, qalaqisa da soflis tipis dasaxlebis mixedviT mocemulia qvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi (ix. cxrili #A).

cxrili # A- SerCevis zoma da ganawileba stratebSi

SerCevis zoma

qalaqi sofelisul

proporciuli ganawileba

proporciuli ganawileba

Tbilisi 400 0 400

kaxeTi 60 240 300Sida qarTli 110 190 300qvemo qarTli 110 190 300samcxe-javaxeTi 100 200 300aWara 140 160 300guria 80 220 300samegrelo-zemo svaneTi 120 180 300imereTi 140 160 300raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi 50 250 300mcxeTa-mTianeTi 80 220 300sul 1390 2010 3400

saerTo SerCeviTi cdomilebis gamosaTvlelad statistikuri mniSvnelobisaTvis 95%-iani mniSvneloba SeirCa. saerTo SerCeviTi cdomileba 3400 interviusaTvis 1.7%-1.8%-mde meryeobs. regionebSi SerCeviTi uzustoba aris 5.5%-6%, xolo TbilisSi 4.5%-5%. maRalmTian dasaxlebaSi SerCeviTi cdomileba 4%-4.5%-mdea.

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5. kvlevis Sedegebi

am TavSi warmodgenilia kvlevis Sedegebi da daskvnebi. kvlevis Sedegebi gaanalizebulia im ZiriTadi sakiTxebis mixedviT, romlebic Seswavlil iqna kvlevis farglebSi.

es sakiTxebia:

• skolamdeli, saSualo da profesiuli ganaTleba;

• socialuri daxmareba;

• jandacva;

• rekreacia, dasveneba da turizmi;

• komunaluri infrastruqtura;

• gzebi;

• TviTmmarTvelobis momsaxureba;

• sxvadasxva momsaxureba;

angariSSi warmodgenilia kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli informaciis sixSiris analizi, aseve monacemebi gaanalizebulia sxvadasxva maCveneblebis mixedviT, magaliTad: dasaxlebis tipi, regioni, sqesi da a.S. aseve warmodgenilia maRalmTiani4 soflebisa da sxva zonebis Sedareba.

kvlevis Sedegebi Sewonilia, ramac SesaZlebeli gaxada maTi ganzogadeba saqarTvelos masStabiT.

kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli informacia damuSavda statistikuri programis SPSS 15.0-is meSveobiT. sakvlevi cvladis maCveneblis sixSireTa ganawilebis sandoobis dasadgenad gamoyenebulia pirsonis xi-kvadrati - Pearson Chi Square, xolo saSualo maCveneblebis sx-vaobis sandoobis Sesafaseblad - One-way Anova.

4 „maRalmTian regionad iTvleba dasaxlebuli teritoria, romelic mdebareobs zRvis donidan 1500 metris simaR-leze da mis zeviT, magram sxvadasxva parametrebis (mTis ferdobebis da zegnebis daxriloba, geografiuli mde-bareoba, bunebrivi garemo, eTnografiuli da ekonomikuri Taviseburebebi, sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis simcire da simwire, demografiuli tevadoba, gamwvavebuli migraciuli procesebi, daclili teritoriebis ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT dakargvis safrTxe) gaTvaliswinebiT misi qveda zRvari kavkasionis samxreT ferdobze ganlagebul raionebSi da aWara-guriis mTianeTSi mcirdeba 1000 metramde (gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi 800 metramdec ki), xolo samxreT saqarTvelos mTian raionebSi rCeba 1500 metri.“ - saqarTvelos kanoni maRalmTiani regionebis socialuri-ekonomikuri da kultururi ganviTarebis Sesaxeb.


24

angariSSi warmodgenilia mxolod is monacemebi, romlebic statistikuri testis gamoy-enebis Sedegad sando 95%-iani albaTobiT aRmoCnda. 5

monacemis simravlis gamo, angariSSi ganxilulia mxolod sxvadasxva maCveneblebs Soris arsebuli mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi, kvlevis Sedegebis srulad naxva ki SesaZlebelia angariSis danarTSi (ixileT danarTi #2).

kvlevis SedegebSi integrirebulia Tvisebrivi kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli informaciac. fokusuri jgufuri diskusiebi ZiriTadad adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Temas Seexo, amitomac Tvisebrivi kvlevis monacemebi koncentrirebulia qveTavSi - TviTmmarTvelo-bebis zogadi Sefaseba.

5.1. skolamdeli, zogadi da profesiuli ganaTleba6

kvlevis farglebSi Seswavlili iqna sajaro saswavlo dawesebulebis xelmisawvdomoba da aRniSnuli servisiT mosaxleobis kmayofileba.

5.1.1. municipaluri sabavSvo baRebi

respondentTa umravlesoba acxadebs, rom maT dasaxleba-ubanSi funqcionirebs municipaluri baRi (77%). yoveli meoTxe respondenti aseve ambobs, rom maT dasaxlebaSi an ubanSi baRi ar aris. aRsaniSnavia, rom saxelmwifo sabavSvo baRi aseTi dasaxleba-ubnidan 2-5 kilometrSi an ufro Sors mdebareobs.

regionis WrilSi raWa-leCxumi-qvemo svaneTis umetes dasaxlebaSi ar aris municipaluri sabavSvo baRi (57%). aRsaniSnavia, rom aseT dasaxlebaSi (42%) uaxloesi municipaluri sabavSvo baRi 5 kilometrze Sors mdebareobs. sabavSvo baRis dasaxlebaSi funqcionirebis TvalsazisiT aradamakmayofilebeli mdgomareoba dafiqsirda samcxe-javaxeTsa da aWaraSi (48%). (ixileT grafiki #1).

5 statistikurad sando niSnavs savaraudo WeSmaritebas (ara SemTxveviTobas). kvlevis daskvnebi SeiZleba iyos WeS-mariti, magram ara sando. rodesac statistikosi ambobs, rom Sedegi aris „sando“, igulisxmeba, rom didi albaTo-biT igi simarTles Seefereba. aucilebeli ar aris, rom am dros Sedegis mniSvnelobac igulisxmebodes. mniSvnelo-bis doneebi aCvenebs, Tu ramdenad savaraudoa, rom Sedegi SemTxveviTi iyos. yvelaze gavrcelebuli done, romelic gulisxmobs, rom raRac sakmaod sarwmunoa, aris .95. es niSnavs, rom daskvna 95%-iT sarwmunoa. Tumca, es maCvenebeli SesaZloa SecdomaSi Semyvanic iyos. arcerTi statistikuri paketi ar gaCvenebT „95%“-s an „.95“-s am donis saCvene-blad. mis nacvlad gamoyenebuli iqneba „.05“, rac niSnavs, rom kvlevis daskvna xuT procentiani (.05) albaTobiT aris mcdari, rac 95%-iani sarwmunoobis albaTobis sawinaaRmdegoa.

6 kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi srulad warmodgenilia danarTSi #2

2013 25

grafiki #1 - municipaluri sabavSvo baRebis xelmisawvdomoba dasaxleba-ubnebSi regionebis mixedviT

sruli SerCeviTi erToblioba N=3400

qalaqi-soflis WrilSi ufro met sofelSi ar aris sabavSvo baRi (41%), vidre qalaqis calkeul ubnebSi. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom soflebSi sabavSvo baRamde misasvlelad, umetes SemTxvevaSi, sazogadoebrivi transporti saWiro araa (58%). (ixileT grafiki #2).

grafiki # 2 - municipaluri sabavSvo baRebis xelmisawvdomoba dasaxleba-ubnebSi qalaqi-soflis mixedviT


maRalmTian dasaxlebebSi mdgomareoba arsebiTad gansxvavebulia. am tipis dasaxlebaSi gamokiTxul respondnetTa mxolod 35% acxadebs, rom maT soflebSi municipaluri sabavSvo baRi funqcionirebs. aq gamokiTxulTa TiTqmis naxevari ambobs, rom sabavSvo baRi maTi dasaxlebidan 5 kilometrze Sors mdebareobs.

xelmisawvdomia

Tbilisi

aWara

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

qvemo qarTli

raWa-leCxumi

samcxe-javaxeTi

samegrelo/zemo svaneTi

Sida qarTli

ar aris xelmisawvdomi

xelmisawvdomia

sofeli

qalaqi



26

kmayofili ukmayofilo miWirs Sefaseba

infrastruqtura

menejmentiT / xelmZRvanelobiT

registraciis procedurebiT (simartiviT)

kvebiT

pedagogebis momzadebis doniT

safasuriT

im respondentTa naxevari, romelTa dasaxleba-ubanSi municipaluri baRi funqcionirebs, acxadebs, rom sazogadoebrivi transporti midis mocemul dawesebulebamde (48%), xolo 41% Tvlis, rom transporti saerTod araa saWiro iq misasvlelad. mxolod gamokiTxulTa mcire nawili afiqsirebs, rom transporti ar dadis maT dasaxleba-ubanSi mdebare sabavSvo baRamde (10%).

regionis WrilSi municipalur sabavSvo baRamde sazogadoebrivi transportis moZraobis TvalsazrisiT, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, TbilisSi ukeTesi mdgomareobaa. dedaqalaqSi respondentTa absoluturi umravlesoba acxadebs, rom maT ubanSi sabavSvo baRamde sazogadoebrivi transporti moZraobs (92%). miuxedavad imisa, rom danarCen regionSi umetes SemTxvevaSi gamokiTxulebi acxadebdnen, rom maT dasaxlebaSi sabavSvo baRamde misasvlelad sazogadoebrivi transporti ar iyo saWiro, zogierT regionSi mainc cudi mdgomareoba dafiqsirda. raWa-leCxum-qvemo svaneTSi, samegrelo-zemo svaneTsa da samcxe-javaxeTSi gamokiTxuli yoveli mesame respondenti afiqsirebs, rom maT dasaxleba-ubanSi sabavSvo baRamde sazogadoebrivi transporti ar dadis (31%). am respondentTa azriT, uaxloes saxelmwifo sabavSvo baRamde misasvlelad aucilebelia sazogadoebrivi transportiT sargebloba, magram samwuxarod, mocemul etapze es SeuZlebelia.

maRalmTian dasaxlebebSi respondentTa umetesoba acxadebs, rom arsebul sabavSvo baRamde misasvlelad sazogadoebrivi transporti saWiro araa (74%). Tumca, yoveli mexuTe gamokiTxuli transportis daniSvnis saWiroebas afiqsirebs (20%).

respondentebma, romelTa dasaxleba-ubanSi funqcionirebs municipaluri sabavSvo baRi, dawesebulebis infrastruqtura da momsaxureba sxvadasxva kriteriumiT Seafases. esenia: infrastruqtura, menejmenti, registraciis procedurebi, kveba, pedagogebis momzadebis done da safasuri. aRsaniSnavia, rom Sesafasebeli kriteriumis mixedviT, gamokiTxulTa naxevari sabavSvo baRebiT kmayofilia. ukmayofileba respondentTa mcire nawilma daafiqsira, isic ZiriTadad, sabavSvo baRis safasursa da infrastruqturasTan dakavSirebiT (10%). kvlevam aCvena, rom sabavSvo baRSi kvebisa da gadasaxadis Sefaseba respondentTa naxevars gauWirda (49%). (ixileT grafiki #3).

grafiki #3 - municipaluri sabavSvo baRebis sxvadasxva parametriT kmayofileba

SerCeviTi erToblioba N=2370

2013 27

regionebSi municipaluri sabavSvo baRebis muSaoba dadebiTad Sefasda. ZiriTadad, ukmayofileba qvemo qarTlSi baRis infrastruqturam (36%) da safasurma (24%) gamoiwvia. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom safasuriT Tbilisis respondentTa 22% ukmayofiloa. zogadad, municipaluri sabavSvo baRiT kmayofilebis maRali maCvenebeli imereTSi dafiqsirda (73%). (ixileT cxrili #1).

cxrili #1 - municipaluri sabavSvo baRebis sxvadasxva parametriT kmayofileba regionebis mixedviT

infrastruqtura menejmenti registraciis procedurebi kveba safasuri

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Tbilisi 8% 41% 51% 5% 26% 69% 4% 28% 69% 4% 27% 69% 22% 12% 66%

aWara 1% 73% 27% 1% 66% 33% 3% 62% 35% 1% 59% 41% 8% 50% 43%

guria 5% 61% 34% 1% 64% 36% 0% 52% 48% 1% 55% 44% 1% 48% 51%

imereTi 9% 75% 16% 1% 76% 24% 1% 73% 26% 0% 69% 30% 4% 66% 31%

kaxeTi 12% 41% 47% 2% 46% 52% 1% 49% 51% 3% 43% 53% 2% 44% 54%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 8% 47% 45% 2% 44% 54% 1% 39% 61% 2% 33% 65% 2% 27% 71%

qvemo qarTli 36% 40% 24% 12% 44% 45% 3% 45% 52% 6% 46% 49% 24% 33% 43%

raWa-leCxumi 10% 70% 20% 1% 74% 25% 4% 71% 25% 2% 65% 32% 2% 62% 36%

samcxe-javaxeTi 4% 66% 30% 1% 70% 29% 6% 58% 36% 5% 62% 33% 9% 53% 38%


7% 74% 20% 0% 72% 28% 1% 70% 29% 1% 68% 31% 2% 68% 30%

Sida qarTli 3% 41% 55% 2% 39% 59% 1% 38% 61% 3% 32% 65% 1% 37% 62%


maRalmTian dasaxlebebSi yvela parametri respondentTa umetesobam pozitiurad Seafasa (77%). Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom ukmayofileba gamokiTxulTa 18%-ma mxolod infrastruqturis Sefasebisas daafiqsira.

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula. Tumca, gamoikveTa Semdegi tendenciebi: sxvadasxva parametris gaTvaliswinebiT, mamakacebTan SedarebiT, gamokiTxul qalTa umetesoba gamoxatavs kmayofilebas municipaluri sabavSvo baRiT. gansakuTrebiT didi sxvaobaa sabavSvo baRSi bavSvebis kvebiT kmayofilebis kuTxiT (kaci - 41%, qali - 53%). kvlevam aseve aCvena, rom sabavSvo baRis calkeuli parametris mixedviT Sefaseba ufro met mamakacs uWirs, vidre qals (kaci - 51%, qali - 41%). (ixileT grafiki #4). aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom odnav meti qali afiqsirebs municipaluri sabavSvo baRis safasuriT ukmayofilebas, vidre kaci (kaci - 8%, qali -13%).


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grafiki #4 - municipaluri sabavSvo baRebis sxvadasxva parametriT kmayofileba qali-kacis WrilSi


zogadad, respondentTa umetesoba kmayofilia municipaluri sabavSvo baRis momsaxurebiT (54%). Tumca, yovel mesame gamokiTxuls uWirs Sefaseba (30%).

regionis WrilSi municipaluri sabavSvo baRiT zogadi kmayofileba yvelaze maRali imereTis regionSia (82%). zogadi kmayofilebis aseve maRali procenti dafiqsirda samegreloSi, raWa-leCxumsa da guriaSi (74%, 70% da 71%). aRsaniSnavia, rom municipaluri sabavSvo baRiT ukmayofilo respondentTa meti raodenoba Tbilissa da qvemo qarTlis regionSi dafiqsirda (34%, 32%). (ixileT cxrili #2).

cxrili #2 - municipaluri sabavSvo baRebiT zogadi kmayofileba regionebis mixedviT

ukmayofilo neitraluri kmayofili miWirs Sefaseba

Tbilisi 5% 15% 34% 46%

aWara 1% 8% 56% 35%

guria 2% 12% 71% 16%

imereTi 2% 4% 82% 13%

qali

infrastruqturiT

menejmentiT

registraciis procedurebiT

kvebiT


safasuriT

kaci


2013 29

kaxeTi 3% 15% 49% 33%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 2% 11% 57% 30%

qvemo qarTli 12% 30% 32% 27%

raWa-leCxumi 1% 8% 70% 21%

samcxe-javaxeTi 2% 8% 67% 24%

samegrelo/zemo svaneTi 2% 12% 74% 12%

Sida qarTli 1% 10% 48% 40%


zogadad, qalaqSi mcxovreb respondentebTan SedarebiT, soflis mosaxleoba ufro kmayofilia municipaluri sabavSvo baRiT (67%). (ixileT grafiki #5).

grafiki #5 - municipaluri sabavSvo baRebiT zogadi kmayofileba qalaqi-soflis WrilSi


maRalmTian dasaxlebebSi respondentTa umetesoba kmayofilia dasaxlebebSi arsebuli municipaluri sabavSvo baRiT (77%). ukmayofileba faqtobrivad ar gamovlenila.

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaoba ar dafiqsirebula. Tumca, gamoikveTa aseTi tendencia: meti gamokiTxuli qali gamoxatavs zogad kmayofilebas municipaluri sabavSvo baRis momsaxurebiT, vidre mamakaci (kaci - 51%, qali - 57%). (ixileT grafiki #6).

kmayofili

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ukmayofilo

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grafiki #6 - municipaluri sabavSvo baRebiT zogadi kmayofileba qali-kacis WrilSi


Tvisebrivi kvlevis monacemi

raWaSi Catarebulma fokusurma jgufurma diskusiam cxadyo, rom warmodgenili soflebis ZiriTad problemas skolamdeli ganaTleba warmoadgens.

xSirad, municipaluri sabavSvo baRi ramdenime sofels emsaxureba da am SemTxvevaSic ki maTi mdgomareoba arasaxarbieloa. magaliTad, sofel WeliaRelis baRi, romelic 5 sofels unda emsaxurebodes, amJamad daxurulia Senobis avariuli mdgomareobis gamo. am soflis mcxovrebTa ZalisxmeviTa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis xelSewyobiT, sabavSvo baRi Tanamedrove inventariT aRiWurva, Tumca, Senobis savalalo mdgomareobis gamo baRi kvlav daixura. amJamad, aRniSnuli baRis aRsazrdelebi nikorwmindisa da ambrolauris sabavSvo baRSi dahyavT. soflis mcxovrebTa gancxadebiT, mSoblebi, romelTac bavSvebis tareba Sors uwevT, mogvianebiT, skolasac iqve irCeven.

„maswavleblebsac eSinodaT bavSvebis am baRSi Seyvana, gvpirdebian gavakeTebTo... am wuTas baRi ar aris, daxurulia. daxuruli iyo didi xnis ganmavlobaSi. Semdeg arasamTavroboebma gaakeTes da gaixsna. moitanes yvelanairi inventari, magram TviTon Senobaa dazianebuli da maswavlebelma veRar SeZlo bavSvebTan erTad iq muSaoba.“ [nato, ambrolauris municipaliteti]

„aqedan bavSvebi baRSi raionSi dahyavT xolme. baRSi rom SeeCveva ukve jgufs, skolaSic iqve SehyavT, sadac baRis jgufelebi Sedian. skolis problema ar aris CvenTan, imitom rom garemontebulia da karg mdgomareobaSia... rom gadadian da baRSi iq Sedian, Sesabamisad, ukve skolaSic iq Sedis bavSvi.“ [Tamari, ambrolauris municipaliteti]

Tumca, nikorwmindis sabavSvo baRic araa saTanadod aRWurvili da gamarTuli. marTalia, Senoba avariuli ar aris, magram gaumarTavia gasarTobi infrastruqtura. baRis TanamSromlis gancxadebiT, maT saxatavi qaRaldis SeZenis saSualebac ar aqvT da elementaruli sakiTxebic ZiriTadad mSoblebis daxmarebiT gvardeba.

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2013 31

amasTanave, problemuria sazogadoebrivi transportis sakiTxi. jgufis monawileTa dakvirvebiT, ambrolauris zeda zonis sofelebs erTi avtobusi emsaxureba, romelic mxolod dila-saRamos moZraobs. avtobusis moZraobis sixSire TavisTavad problemas uqmnis mosaxleobas ara mxolod bavSvebis sabavSvo baRamde wayvana-wamoyvanis kuTxiT, aramed gadaadgilebis TvalsazrisiTac. jgufis monawileebi miuReblad Tvlian raionul centramde transportis safasuris odenobasac, romelic lars Seadgens.

„utransportobas vuCiviT. dilas 8 saaTze rom wava transporti, erTi saaTis saqme rom gqondes raionSi, saRamomde ver amoxval.“ [mamia, ambrolauris municipaliteti]

5.1.2. sajaro skolebi

respondentTa absoluturi umravlesoba acxadebs, rom maT dasaxleba-ubanSi funqcionirebs sajaro skola (95%). gamokiTxulTa mxolod 5%-ma ganacxada, rom maT dasaxlebaSi an ubanSi skola ar aris xelmisawvdomi da is ZiriTadad, maTi dasaxlebidan an ubnebidan 2-5 kilometris manZilze mdebareobs.

aRmoCnda, rom regionebs Soris yvelaze mZime mdgomareoba raWa-leCxum-qvemo svaneTSia, sadac respondentTa meoTxedi acxadebs, rom maT dasaxlebSi ar aris sajaro skola, mcxeTa-mTianeTSi ki igives 17% acxadebs, maSin, rodesac umetes regionSi ar gvaqvs aseTi monacemi, an maCvenebli ar aRemateba 12%-s. (ixileT grafiki #7).

grafiki #7 - sajaro skolebis xelmisawvdomoba dasaxlebebSi/ubnebSi regionebis mixedviT


xelmisawvdomia ar aris xelmisawvdomi

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32

rogorc soflis, aseve qalaqis SemTxvevaSi skola TiTqmis yvela dasaxlebaSi an ubanSia. Tumca, qalaqis calkeul ubnebTan SedarebiT (1%) gacilebiT met sofelSi ar aris skola (10%). sajaro skolebi ZiriTadad dasaxlebebidan 2-5 kilometrSi an ufro Sors mdebareobs. (ixileT grafiki #8).

grafiki #8 - sajaro skolebis xelmisawvdomoba dasaxleba-ubnis-qalaqis-soflis mixedviT


im respondentTa 43%, vis dasaxleba-ubanSic aris sajaro skola, acxadebs, rom sazogadoebrivi transporti midis mocemul dawesebulebamde, xolo 46% ambobs, rom transporti iq misasvlelad saWiro saerTod ar aris. mxolod gamokiTxulTa mcire nawili afiqsirebs, rom transporti maT skolamde ar dadis (10%).

regionebs Soris, raWaSi gamokiTxuli yoveli mesame respondenti acxadebs, rom iq skolebamde sazogadoebrivi transporti ar moZraobs (31%). aRsaniSnavia, rom raWa-leCxumSi gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba (65%) ar Tvlis, rom dasaxlebaSi mdebare skolamde transportis daniSvnis saWiroeba arsebobs.

maRalmTian dasaxlebebSi respondentTa umetesoba acxadebs, rom sazogadoebrivi transporti araa saWiro arsebul skolamde misasvlelad (73%). Tumca, yoveli mexuTe gamokiTxuli transportis daniSvnis saWiroebas afiqsirebs (20%).

im respondentebma, romelTa dasaxlebaSi an ubanSi funqcionirebs sajaro skola, Semdegi kriteriumebis mixedviT Seafases dawesebulebis infrastruqtura da momsaxureba: infrastruqtura, menejmenti, registraciis procedurebi, sameurveo sabWo da pedagogebis momzadebebis done. gamokiTxulTa umetesoba (58%) kmayofilia sajaro skolebis infrastruqturiTa da momsaxurebiT. ukmayofileba respondentTa mcire nawilma daafiqsira, isic, ZiriTadad, skolis infrastruqturasTan dakavSirebiT (11%). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom skolis infrastruqturiT kmayofilia respondentTa umetesoba (62%). kvlevam aseve aCvena, rom sameurveo sabWos saqmianobis Sefaseba gauWirda respondentTa naxevars (50%). (ixileT grafiki #9).

sofeli

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2013 33

grafiki #9 - sajaro skolebis sxvadasxva parametrebiT kmayofileba


regionebSi sajaro skola sxvadasxva kriteriumis mixedviT ZiriTadad dadebiTad Sefasda. skolis muSaobiT ufro ukmayofiloni Tbilisis mcxovrebni arian (35%), xolo kmayofilebis maRali maCvenebeli imereTsa da samegreloSi dafiqsirda (79%). (ixileT cxrili #3).

cxrili #3 - sajaro skolebis sxvadasxva parametriT kmayofileba regionebis mixedviT

infrastruqtura menejmenti registraciis procedurebi

sameurveo sabWo

pedagogebis momzadeba

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Tbilisi 13% 48% 40% 6% 31% 62% 4% 34% 63% 4% 23% 73% 5% 38% 57%

aWara 10% 67% 23% 1% 74% 26% 1% 63% 36% 1% 58% 41% 3% 71% 26%

guria 15% 65% 20% 2% 75% 24% 1% 65% 34% 1% 63% 36% 3% 75% 22%

imereTi 8% 78% 14% 2% 82% 16% 1% 81% 18% 1% 71% 28% 1% 84% 15%

kaxeTi 15% 52% 34% 3% 61% 36% 2% 60% 39% 1% 32% 67% 4% 61% 35%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 8% 56% 36% 4% 50% 47% 1% 46% 54% 4% 35% 61% 5% 49% 47%

infrastruqtura


registraciis procedurebiT (simartiviT)

sameurveo sabWo




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qvemo qarTli 27% 61% 13% 10% 55% 35% 2% 56% 42% 5% 53% 43% 6% 75% 19%

raWa-leCxumi 6% 80% 14% 0% 83% 17% 0% 77% 23% 0% 67% 33% 1% 82% 18%

samcxe-javaxeTi 10% 74% 16% 4% 81% 16% 1% 77% 22% 2% 71% 27% 3% 83% 14%


4% 85% 12% 0% 82% 17% 1% 78% 22% 1% 62% 37% 1% 84% 16%

Sida qarTli 3% 51% 46% 2% 50% 48% 1% 51% 49% 1% 48% 51% 1% 51% 48%


maRalmTian dasaxlebebSi respondentTa umetesobam sajaro skolis yvela parametri pozitiurad Seafasa (77%). Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom ukmayofileba infrastruqturis Sefasebisas daafiqsira gamokiTxulTa 19%-ma.

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula. Tumca, gamoikveTa Semdegi tendenciebi: zogadad, sxvadasxva parametris gaTvaliswinebiT, meti gamokiTxuli qali gamoxatavs kmayofilebas sajaro skolebiT, vidre mamakaci. gansakuTrebiT didi sxvaobaa skolebSi menejmentis doniT kmayofilebis kuTxiT (kaci - 56%, qali - 63%). aRsaniSnavia, rom mcire sxvaoba qalebisa da kacebis pasuxebSi skolebSi pedagogebis momzadebis doniT kmayofilebasTan dakavSirebiT dafiqsirda (kaci - 63%, qali - 65%). (ixileT grafiki #10).

grafiki #10 - sajaro skolebis sxvadasxva parametriT kmayofileba qali-kacis WrilSi


qali

infrastruqturiT


registraciis procedurebiT

(simartiviT)

sameurveo sabWos saqmianobiT


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2013 35

kvlevis Sedegebma cxadyo, rom respondentTa umravlesobam ar icis, vis mimarTos skolaSi sakiTxis gasaCivrebasTan dakavSirebiT (58%). unda aRiniSnos, rom gamokiTxulTa 42%-ma icis, vis mimarTos sakiTxis gasaCivrebisaTvis. miuxedavad amisa, maT absolutur umravlesobas sajaro skolaSi sakiTxi ar gausaCivrebia (96%). xolo im respondentTa umetesoba, visac msgavsi gamocdileba aqvs, acxadebs, rom kmayofilia saCivarze skolis reagirebiT (60%).

qali-kacis WrilSi sajaro skolebSi gasaCivrebasTan dakavSirebiT arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula. gamoikveTa aseTi tendencia: zogadad, ufro met gamokiTxul qal respondents gausaCivrebia sakiTxi skolaSi, vidre kacs (kaci - 39%, qali - 45%).

zogadad, respondentTa umetesoba kmayofilia sajaro skoliT (62%). Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom gamokiTxulTa 23%-s uWirs sajaro skolis muSaobis Sefaseba.

regionebs Soris skoliT zogadi kmayofilebis maCvenebeli yvelaze maRali imereTisa da samegrelos regionebSia (84%, 82%). zogadi kmayofilebis aseve maRali procenti dafiqsirda raWa-leCxumsa da guriaSi (77%, 78%). aRsaniSnavia, rom TbilisSi gamokiTxulTa mxolod 43% afiqsirebs sajaro skolebiT kmayofilebas. (ixileT cxrili #4).

cxrili #4 - sajaro skolebiT zogadi kmayofileba regionebis mixedviT


Tbilisi 5% 12% 43% 40%

aWara 4% 11% 63% 21%

guria 3% 12% 78% 7%

imereTi 2% 4% 84% 10%

kaxeTi 2% 14% 57% 27%


qvemo qarTli 11% 22% 56% 12%

raWa-leCxumi 1% 8% 77% 14%


samegrelo/zemo svaneTi 1% 8% 82% 9%

Sida qarTli 2% 9% 51% 38%


zogadad, qalaqSi mcxovreb respondentTan SedarebiT, soflis mosaxleoba ufro kmayofilia sajaro skoliT (70%). sagulisxmoa isic, rom soflis tipis dasaxlebaSi respondentebi metad arian informirebulni maT dasaxlebaSi mdebare skolis Sesaxeb, vidre qalaqSi gamokiTxuli respondentebi. (ixileT grafiki #11).


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grafiki #11 - sajaro skolebiT zogadi kmayofileba qalaqi-soflis WrilSi


qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula. gamoikveTa Semdegi tendencia: odnav meti gamokiTxuli qali gamoxatavs kmayofilebas sajaro skoliT, vidre mamakaci (kaci - 61%, qali - 63%). (ixileT grafiki #12).

grafiki #12 - municipaluri sabavSvo baRebiT zogadi kmayofileba qali-kacis WrilSi


5.1.3. profesiuli saswavleblebi

yoveli mesame respondenti acxadebs, rom maT raionSi profesiul saswavlebelSi swavla xelmisawvdomia (31%). umetesi gamokiTxuli (44%) ambobs, rom aseTi saswavlebeli maT raionSi ar aris, yovel meoTxes ki amis Sesaxeb informacia ar aqvs (25%). respondentTa azriT, profesiul saswavleblamde moZraobs sazogadoebrivi transporti (78%). am raionebSi gamokiTxulTa mxolod 11% acxadebs, rom profesiul saswavleblamde sazogadoebrivi transporti ar dadis.

kmayofili

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2013 37

regionebs Soris raWa-leCxumSi, qvemo qarTlsa da mcxeTa-mTianeTSi gamokiTxul respondentTa umravlesoba acxadebs, rom maT raionSi funqcionirebs profesiuli saswavlebeli (77%, 71% da 74%). raWa-leCxumSi kvlav gamoikveTa sazogadoebrivi transportis moZraobis problema, yoveli mesame gamokiTxuli acxadebs, rom maT raionSi arsebul profesiul saswavleblamde sazogadoebrivi transporti ar midis (35%). sazogadoebrivi transportis moZraobis TvalsazrisiT saukeTeso mdgomareobaa Tbilissa da Sida qarTlSi. am regionebis arcerT gamokiTxuls ar uTqvams, rom maT profesiul saswavleblamde sazogadoebrivi transporti ar moZraobs.

maRalmTian dasaxlebebSi gamokiTxulTa umetesoba acxadebs, rom maT raionSi profesiuli saswavlebeli ar funqcionirebs (57%). gamokiTxulTa 27% ambobs, rom maT raionSi aris profesiuli saswavlebeli. respondentTa azriT, saswavleblebis umetesobamde sazogadoebrivi transporti moZraobs (82%).

respondentTa naxevarma ar icis ramdenia profesiul saswavlebelSi swavlis gadasaxadi (51%). gamokiTxulTa mxolod 18%-ma icis ramdenia profesiul sasawavlebelSi swavlis safasuri. yoveli mesamisaTvis es safasuri ar aris xelmisawvdomi. umetesobisaTvis met-naklebad xelmisawvdomia (43%) da mxolod 14% acxadebs, rom am Rirebulebis gadaxda ojaxisTvis xelmisawavdomia.

kvlevam cxadyo, rom respondentTa 36% kmayofilia maT raionSi moqmedi profesiuli saswavlebliT. gamokiTxulTa TiTqmis naxevars amasTan dakavSirebiT Sefasebis gakeTeba uWirs (47%). respondentTa nawilma ukmayofileba gamoTqva profesiul saswavlebelTan dakavSirebiT, amis mizezi ZiriTadad saswavlebelSi swavlis safasuri iyo (45%), yoveli mesame ki pedagogebis momzadebis doniTaa ukmayofilo. aseve dasaxelda specialobebis simcire da dasaqmebis bazarze arsebuli profesiebis arakonkurentuloba. zogierTi aseve ukmayofiloa saswavlo programebiT (12%).

profesiul saswavleblebTan mimarTebiT sqesis WrilSi statistikurad sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula. Tumca, gamoikveTa garkveuli tendencia: profesiuli saswavlebliT ukmayofilebis mizezad mamakacebma saswavlebelSi Seswavlili profesiebis samuSao bazarze arakonkurentunarianoba (kaci - 40%, qali - 0%) da pedagogebis momzadebis done (kaci - 47%, qali - 26%) daasaxeles. qal-respondentTa umetesoba ki safasuriT ukmayofilebas afiqsirebs (47%).

regionebs Soris profesiuli saswavleblebiT zogadi kmayofilebis maCvenebeli yvelaze maRali raWa-leCxum-qvemo svaneTis regionSia (62%). (ixileT cxrili #5).

cxrili #5 - profesiuli saswavleblebiT zogadi kmayofileba regionebis mixedviT


Tbilisi 1% 12% 18% 69%aWara 4% 12% 49% 35%guria 2% 9% 46% 43%imereTi 5% 11% 45% 39%kaxeTi 0% 16% 37% 47%mcxeTa-mTianeTi 0% 10% 25% 65%


38

qvemo qarTli 4% 16% 15% 65%raWa-leCxumi 0% 7% 62% 31%samcxe-javaxeTi 6% 16% 24% 54%samegrelo/zemo svaneTi 1% 25% 44% 31%Sida qarTli 0% 29% 13% 58%


maRalmTian regionebSi gamokiTxulTa naxevari kmayofilia maT raionSi moqmedi profesiuli saswavlebliT (49%). am regionSi mcxovreb respondentTa mxolod 5%-ia ukmayofilo. yovel mesame gamokiTxuls uWirs Sefasebis gakeTeba.

yvela respondentma daasaxela sami profesiuli sfero, romelTa profesiul saswavlebelSi dauflebac prioritetuli iyo maTi raioni-regionisTvis. aRsaniSnavia, rom profesiul saswavlebelSi ganaTlebis misaRebad prioritetul sam sferod sasoflo-sameurneo, samedicino da samSeneblo sferoebi dasaxelda (50%). aseve prioritetuli aRmoCnda turizmisa da administraciuli sferos profesiebi. (ixileT grafiki #13).

grafiki #13 - prioritetuli sferoebi raionSi arsebuli profesiuli saswavleblebisaTvis


SeniSvna: pasuxebis jami aRemateba 100%-s, radgan ramdenime pasuxi iyo dasaSvebi.

sasoflo sameurneo sfero

samedicino sfero

mSenebloba

turizmi

administraciuli

ar vici

sxva

2013 39

5.2. socialuri daxmarebebi

5.2.1. socialuri daxmarebis miReba

kvlevam moicva socialur daxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebic. kiTxvaze, iRebs Tu ara socialur daxmarebas Tavad respondenti an misi ojaxis romelime wevri, 28%-ma daafiqsira, rom saxelmwifosagan daxmarebas ar iRebs, 40% iRebs asakobriv pensias, xolo 38% saxelmwifo samedicino dazRvevas iRebs. (ixileT grafiki #14).

grafiki #14 - iRebT Tu ara socialur daxmarebas?


SeniSvna: pasuxebis jami aRemateba 100%-s , radgan dasaSvebi iyo ramdenime pasuxi.

qalaqisa da soflis mosaxleobisaTvis aRniSnuli monacemebi umniSvnelod gansxvavdeba. aRmoCnda, rom soflad mcxovrebi ojaxebis 47% iRebs asakobriv pensias, qalaqSi ki igive socialuri daxmarebiT mosargeble ojaxebis wili 34%-ia. aseve, mciredi gansxvavebaa maT Sorisac, vinc aranair socialur daxmarebas ar iRebs, aseTi ojaxebi soflad 25%-ia, qalaqad - 30%. rac Seexeba komunalur subsidiebs, aRmoCnda, rom qalaqis mosaxleobis 15%, xolo soflis mosaxleobis mxolod 4% sargeblobs aRniSnuli daxmarebiT.

ara, arcerTs

asakobrivi pensia

invalidis pensia

marCenal dakargulis pensia

omis veteranTa pensia

iZulebiT gadadgilebul pirTa daxmareba

saxelmwifo samedicino dazRveva

socialuri daxmareba mravalSviliani ojaxebisTvis

socialuri daxmareba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis bavSvebisTvis

socialuri daxmareba siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi ojaxebisaTvis

vauCerebi socialuri momsaxurebisTvis

komunaluri subsidiebi

sxva


40

regionebis mixedviT saintereso monacemebia socialuri daxmarebis miRebis mxriv. im regionis CamonaTvalSi, sadac mosaxleoba socialur daxmarebas saerTod ar iRebs, yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli dafiqsirda mcxeTa-mTianeTsa da samcxe-javaxeTSi. asakobrivi pensiis beneficiari ojaxebi ki yvelaze metad maRalmTian regionebSi - guriasa da raWa-svaneTSi cxovroben. rac Seexeba saxelmwifo samedicino dazRvevas, aRmoCnda, rom yvelaze meti adamiani am socialur serviss kaxeTSi iRebs. (ixileT cxrili #6).

cxrili #6 - iRebT Tu ara socialur daxmarebas?

ara,

ar

cer

Ts

asak

obr

ivi

pens

ia

saxe

lmw

ifo

sa

med

icin

o

daz

Rve

va

komu

nal

ur

i su

bsid

iebi

inva

lid

is p

ensi

a

dax

mar

eba

siR

arib

is z

Rva

rs

qvem

oT

myo

fi

oj

axeb

isT

vis

Tbilisi 28% 31% 45% 29% 8% 5%

aWara 32% 43% 31% 0% 16% 7%

guria 17% 54% 48% 0% 13% 12%

imereTi 32% 46% 31% 0% 6% 13%

kaxeTi 12% 37% 71% 24% 6% 12%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 38% 45% 36% 0% 6% 12%

qvemo qarTli 23% 35% 47% 1% 5% 1%

raWa-leCxumi 20% 56% 40% 1% 9% 32%

samcxe-javaxeTi 37% 45% 28% 0% 8% 2%

samegrelo, zemo svaneTi 25% 47% 29% 0% 7% 5%

Sida qarTli 38% 40% 0% 0% 13% 14%


SeniSvna: pasuxebis jami aRemateba 100%, radgan dasaSvebi iyo ramdenime pasuxi.

aRmoCnda, rom maRalmTian soflebSi asakobrivi pensiiT mosargeble ojaxebi 49%-s Seadgens, xolo sxva dasaxlebebSi - 39%-s.

rac Seexeba aRiniSnuli socialuri daxmarebis droulad miRebas, kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa, rom socialur daxmarebas mosaxleobis umetesoba met-naklebad droulad iRebs. socialuri daxmarebis miRebis TvalsazrisiT, SedarebiT dabali maCvenebeli saxelmwifo samedicino dazRvevas aqvs, rasac abalansebs is faqti, rom beneficiarTa 42% jer ar gamouyenebia es servisi. (ixileT cxrili #7).

2013 41

maRalmTiani soflebis mosaxleobis 23%-s, sxva dasaxlebebSi ki mosaxleobis 44%-s ar usargeblia samedicino dazRveviT.

cxrili #7 - iRebT Tu ara daxmarebas droulad?

diax araar exeba/

erTjeradi daxmareba

ar gamouyenebia N

asakobrivi pensia 99% 1% 0% 0% 1641

saxelmwifo samedicino dazRveva 53% 2% 3% 42% 1304

komunaluri subsidiebi 82% 0% 16% 2% 195

invalidis pensia 99% 1% 1% 0% 284

socialuri daxmareba siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi ojaxebisTvis

97% 3% 0% 0% 364

mosaxleobis is nawili, romelmac ukve isargebla ama Tu im socialuri momsaxurebiT, acxadebs, rom daxmarebis registracia-miRebis procesi martivi iyo, Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom socialuri momsaxureba, romelic gankuTvnilia siRaribis zRvars miRma myofi ojaxebisaTvis, rTuli misaRebi aRmoCnda mosaxleobis 27%-Tvis. (ixileT cxrili #8).

cxrili #8 - ramdenad martivad miiReT daxmareba?

rTuli martivi ar Seexo

registracia N

asakobrivi pensia 2% 95% 2% 1641

saxelmwifo samedicino dazRveva 4% 89% 7% 1304

komunaluri subsidiebi 1% 74% 25% 195

invalidis pensia 11% 87% 3% 284

socialuri daxmareba siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi ojaxebisTvis

27% 73% 0% 364

socialuri daxmareba siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi ojaxebisaTvis yvelaze rTulad misaRebi aRmoCnda Tbilisisa da aWaris mosaxleobisaTvis (46% da 62%).

5.2.2. ufaso sasadilo

mosaxleobis 74%-ma ar icis, misi saxlidan ra manZilze mdebareobs ufaso saxelmwifo sasadilo. aRniSnuli maCvenebeli sofelSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobisaTvis ufro maRalia. soflis tipis dasaxlebaSi mosaxleobis 81% acxadebs, rom ar icis misi saxli ufaso


42

sasadilosagan ra manZiliTaa daSorebuli. aseTi mosaxleobis wili qalaqSi 67%-s Seadgens.

im gamokiTxulTa 10%, vinc icis ufaso sasadilos mdebareoba, acxadebs, rom uaxloesi ufaso saxelmwifo sasadilo maT uban-dasaxlebaSi an dasaxlebidan 10 kilometrSia, xolo 7%-Tvis dasaxlebidan 10 kilometrze ufro Sorsaa. qalaqad mcxovrebi mxolod 4% mosaxlisaTvis ufaso sasadilo dasaxleba-ubnidan 10 kilometrze Sorsaa, es maCvenebeli ufro maRalia soflad mcxovrebTaTvis (10%).

regionebidan - Sida qarTlSi gamokiTxul respondentTa absoluturma umravlesobam ar icis sad mdebareobs uaxloesi ufaso sasadilo (94%). am mxriv, imereTSi gamokiTxulTa umetesobam (55%) icis sad mdebareobs ufaso sasadilo. (ixileT grafiki #15).

grafiki #15 - uaxloesi ufaso sasadiloebis mdebareoba regionebis WrilSi


im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ufaso saxelmwifo sasadilo dasaxleba-ubanSi mdebareobs, aRmoCnda, rom amis Sesaxeb ufro metma qalma (11%) icis, vidre kacma (8%).

maRalmTian soflebSi gamokiTxuli mosaxleobis mxolod 1% acxadebs, rom ufaso saxelmwifo sasadilo dasaxleba-ubanSi mdebareobs, xolo 3%-is azriT, es dawesebuleba

Tbilisi

aWara

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

qvemo qarTli

raWa-leCxumi

samcxe-javaxeTi

samegrelo/ zemo svaneTi

Sida qarTli

ubanSi/dasaxlebaSi dasaxlebidan/ubnidan 10 km-Si ufro Sors ar vici

2013 43

dasaxleba-ubnidan 10 kilometrSia. zogadad, maRalmTian soflebSi ufro metia SemTxveva, rodesac ufaso sasadilo dasaxlebidan 10 kilometrze Sorsaa (23%), vidre sxva dasaxlebebSi (6%).

mosaxleobis im nawilma, vinc icis ufaso sasadilos mdebareoba (69%), ar icis, sakmarisia Tu ara erT adamianze gamoyofili saWmlis ulufa, xolo maT Soris, visac ulufis zomis Sesaxeb warmodgena aqvs (17%), acxadebs, rom ulufa sakmarisia, 14% ki Tvlis, rom erT adamianze gamoyofili ulufa arasakmarisia. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom sofelSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis 20% Tvlis, rom ulufa arasakmarisia, maSin, rodesac qalaqSi aseTi mosaxleobis wili 11%-ia.

regionebs Soris sasadiloSi erT kacze gamoyofili ulufa sakmarisad miaCniaT raWa-svaneTis (43%), kaxeTisa (29%) da Sida qarTlis (29%) mosaxleobas, xolo ulufas arasakmarisad Tvlis imereTisa (26%) da samegrelos mosaxleoba (22%).

rac Seexeba ufaso sasadilos mier SeTavazebuli ulufis xarisxs, mosaxleobis mxolod 7% Tvlis, rom xarisxi cudia, 47% dadebiTad afasebs kvebas, xolo 46%-s gauWirda Sefasebis gakeTeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom soflad mcxovreb mosaxleobas ufro uWirs Sefasebis gakeTeba (65%), vidre qalaqad mcxovrebT (36%).

kacebis naxevarze mets (54%) uWirs ufaso sasadiloSi SeTavazebuli ulufis xarisxis Sefaseba. Tumca, ufro metma qalma daafiqsira ukmayofileba sasadilos kvebis xarisxTan mimarTebiT (10%), vidre kacma (2%).

maRalmTian soflebSi mosaxleobis (74%) Tvlis, rom ufaso sasadiloSi erT adamianze gamoyofili ulufa sakmarisi ar aris, Tumca, igive tipis dasaxlebaSi mosaxleobis umetesobas (97%) uWirs sakvebis xarisxis Sefaseba. aramaRalmTiani dasaxlebis mosaxleoba (58%) ki Tvlis, rom sakvebis xarisxi kargia.

5.2.3. sxvadasxva saxelmwifo momsaxurebebis Sefaseba

kvlevis farglebSi zogadad Sefasebul iqna sxvadasxva saxelmwifo momsaxurebiT mosaxleobis kmayofilebis done. (ixileT cxrili #9).

cxrili #9 - ramdenad zrunavs saxelmwifo...?

cudad metnaklebad kargad ar

xdeba ar vici

moxucebulTa TavSesafrebi 13% 32% 21% 6% 28%

moxucebulTa samedicino dazRveva 13% 33% 32% 2% 20%

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebze zrunvas

16% 30% 19% 4% 31%


44

eTnikuri umciresobebis integraciisaTvis xelSewyobas

9% 25% 21% 3% 42%

igp-ebisTvis specialuri servisebis SeTavazebas 11% 25% 17% 4% 43%

saxelmwifos mxridan dasaqmebis xelSewyobas 48% 19% 8% 6% 20%


rogorc zemoT mocemuli cxrilidan Cans, mosaxleobis 48% Tvlis, rom saxelmwifo ar uwyobs xels dasaqmebas, igulisxmeba specialuri saagentoebisa da programebis simwire da a.S. rogorc aRmoCnda, qalaqad mcxovrebi mosaxleoba ufro negatiurad afasebs saxelmwifos mxridan dasaqmebis kuTxiT ganxorcielebul aqtivobebs (53% - cudad), vidre soflad (43% - cudad).

mosaxleoba moxucebulTa samedicino momsaxurebas pozitiurad afasebs (33%). aseve aRsaniSnavia soflis mosaxleobis azri moxucebulTa samedicino dazRvevis Sesaxeb. soflis tipis dasaxlebaSi saxelmwifos mier aRniSnul dazRvevas dadebiTad afasebs mosaxleobis 42%, maSin, rodesac igive aqtivobis mimarT qalaqis mosaxleobis mxolod 18%-ia keTilganwyobili.

dasaqmebis xelSewyobis mimarT qveyanaSi arsebul mdgomareobas mtkivneulad aRiqvams orive sqesis warmomadgeneli. isini TiTqmis erTnairad Tvlian, rom dasaqmebis xelSewyobas saxelmwifo cudad axorcielebs - qalebi - 48%; kacebi - 49%.

aRsaniSnavia, rom TbilisSi gamokiTxul respondentTa didi nawili cudad afasebs saxelmwifos zrunvas moxucebsa (25%) da SezRuduli SesaZlebobebis mqone pirebze (27%), igp-ebisaTvis (iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi) specialuri servisebis SeTavazebasa (21%) da dasaqmebis xelSewyobisTvis zrunvas (67%). saxelmwifos mxridan eTnikuri umciresobis integraciis xelSewyobas yvelaze cudad imereTsa da raWa-leCxumSi afaseben (14%). aWaraSi gamokiTxul respondentTa didi nawili dadebiTad afasebs saxelmwifos zrunvas moxucebulebsa (51%) da SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebze (38%) da aseve, eTnikuri umciresobis integraciis xelSewyobas (40%). samegreloSi gamokiTxulTa mesamedi pozitiur Sefasebas aZlevs saxelmwifos mxridan igp-TaTvis specialuri servisebis SeTavazebas (33%). Sida qarTlSi mcxovreb respondentTa mexuTedi aseve dadebiTad afasebs saxelmwifos mxridan dasaqmebis xelSewyobas (21%). samcxe-javaxeTSi gamokiTxulTa 17% acxadebs, rom eTnikuri umciresobis integraciis xelSewyoba saxelmwifos mxridan saerTod ar xdeba. (ixileT grafikebi #16, #17 da #18).

2013 45

grafiki # 16 - moxucebulTa zrunvasTan mimarTebiT saxelmwifo saqmianobis Sefaseba regionebis WrilSi


grafiki #17 - regionebis WrilSi saxelmwifo saqmianobis Sefaseba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebze zrunvisa da eTnikur umciresobasTan integraciis

xelSewyobis kuTxiT


Tbilisi

aWara

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

qvemo qarTli

raWa-leCxumi

samcxe-javaxeTi


Sida qarTli

moxucebulTaTavSesafari

moxucebulTa samedicinodazRveva

metnaklebadcudad kargad ar xdeba ar vici

Tbilisi

aWara

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

qvemo qarTli

raWa-leCxumi

samcxe-javaxeTi


Sida qarTli

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebze zrunva

eTnikuri umciresobebis integraciisaTvis xelSewyoba



46

grafiki #18 - saxelmwifos mxridan igp-TaTvis specialuri servisebis SeTavazebisa da dasaqmebis xelSewyobis Sefaseba regionebis WrilSi


qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula. Tumca, gamoikveTa Semdegi tendenciebi: meti gamokiTxuli kaci acxadebs, rom saxelmwifo cudad zrunavs moxucebze, vidre qali (kaci - 15%, qali - 12%). aseve ufro meti mamakaci acxadebs, rom saxelmwifo jerovnad zrunavs eTnikuri umciresobebis integraciis xelSewyobasa da igp-TaTvis specialuri servisebis SeTavazebaze (eTnikuri umcirosebebi: kaci - 22%, qali - 20%; igp-ebi: kaci - 18%, qali - 16%). (ixileT grafiki #19).

saxelmwifos mxridan dasaqmebis xelSewyobis mxriv qveyanaSi arsebul mdgomareobas erTnairad mtkivneulad aRiqvamen orive sqesis warmomadgenlebi. isini Tvlian, rom dasaqmebis xelSewyobas saxelmwifo mouqnelad axorcielebs - qalebi - 48%; kacebi - 49%. (ixileT grafiki #19).

igp-ebisaTvis specialuri servisebis SeTavazeba

dasaqmebis xelSewyoba


Tbilisi

aWara

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

qvemo qarTli

raWa-leCxumi

samcxe-javaxeTi


Sida qarTli

2013 47

grafiki #19 - ramdenad kargad axorcielebs saxelmwifo Semdeg saqmianobebs? - qali-kacis Wrili


5.3. jandacva

5.3.1. pacientis mimarTva saavadmyofo dawesebulebisaTvis

respondentTa 40%-s sakuTari an ojaxis wevris avadmyofobis gamo erTi wlis manZilze erTxel mainc miumarTavs saavadmyofosaTvis. umetes SemTxvevaSi gamokiTxulebi aRniSnaven, rom saavadmyofo maTi dasaxlebebidan 5 kilometrze ufro Sors mdebareobs (55%). mxolod respondentTa 19%-ma ganacxada, rom saavadmyofo maT dasaxlebaSi mdebareobda. aRsaniSnavia, rom umetes saavadmyofomde sazogadoebrivi transporti moZraobs (90%). im respondentTa absoluturi umravlesoba, romelTac bolo erTi wlis manZilze saavadmyofosaTvis miumarTavT, momsaxurebiT kmayofili arian (83%).

soflis saavadmyofo 5 kilometrze ufro Sors mdebareobs (71%). Tumca, sofelSi gamokiTxul respondentTa azriT, sazogadoebrivi transporti yvelgan midis (93%).

maRalmTian regionebSi respondentTa umetesoba acxadebs, rom saavadmyofo, romelTac maT bolo erTi wlis manZilze mimarTes, maTi dasaxlebidan 5 kilometrze ufro Sors

qali kaci

metnaklebadcudad kargad ar xdeba/ar vici

moxucebulebze zrunvas _ moxucebulTa

TavSesafrebi

moxucebulebze zrunvas _ moxucebulTa samedicino

dazRveva

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone

pirebze zrunvas

eTnikuri umciresobebis integraciisaTvis

xelSewyobas

igp-ebisTvis specialuri servisebis SeTavazebas

saxelmwifos mxridan dasaqmebis xelSewyobas


48

mdebareobs (79%). aRsaniSnavia isic, rom Tu baris tipis dasaxlebaSi yoveli mexuTe respondentis TqmiT, saavadmyofo maT dasaxlebaSi mdebareobs, igives afiqsirebs mTiani regionidan gamokiTxulTa mxolod 3%.

poliklinika

Tavisi an ojaxis wevris avadmyofobisas, respondentTa 29%-s bolo wlis manZilze erTxel mainc miumarTavs poliklinikisaTvis. umetes SemTxvevaSi gamokiTxulni aRniSnaven, rom poliklinika maTi dasaxleba-ubanSi an sacxovrebeli adgilidan 2-5 kilometrSi mdebareobs (70%). aRsaniSnavia, rom poliklinikamde sazogadoebrivi transporti moZraobs (86%). im respondentTa absoluturi umravlesoba, romelTac bolo erTi wlis manZilze miumarTavT poliklinikisaTvis, kmayofilia momsaxurebiT (81%).

soflad poliklinikebi 5 kilometrze ufro Sors mdebareobs (59%).

maRalmTian regionebSi samedicino dawesebulebas avadmyofobis gamo erTi wlis manZilze aramaRalmTiani zonidan metma respondentma mimarTa, vidre maRalmTiani zonidan (aramaRalmTiani - 30%, maRalmTiani - 11%). maRalmTiani regionis respondentTa umetesoba acxadebs, rom poliklinika maTi dasaxlebidan 5 kilometrze Sors mdebareobs (60%). aRsaniSnavia, rom Tu sxva zonebSi gamokiTxulTa 40% cxadebs, rom poliklinika maT dasaxlebaSi mdebareobs, igives afiqsirebs mTiani regionis respondentTa mxolod 15%.

ambulatoria-medpunqti

Tavisi an ojaxis wevris avadmyofobisas respondentTa mxolod 14%-s erTxel mainc miumarTavs medpunqtisaTvis bolo erTi wlis manZilze. respondentTa 57% acxadebs, rom ambulatoria maT dasaxlebaSi mdebareobs. amasTanave, aseTi gamocdilebis mqone respondnetTa azriT, medpunqtamde sazogadoebrivi transporti moZraobs (63%). gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba, romelTac bolo erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi miumarTavT medpunqtisaTvis, kmayofilia miRebuli momsaxurebiT (88%).

soflis medpunqti dasaxlebaSi mdebareobs (67%). (ixileT grafiki #20).

maRalmTian regionSi gamokiTxul respondentTa umetesoba acxadebs, rom is ambulatoria-medpunqti, romelsac bolo erTi wlis manZilze mimarTes, maT dasaxlebaSi mdebareobs (75%).

grafiki #20 - saavadmyofo-poliklinika-medpunqtis momsaxurebiT kmayofileba

N=1334 N=861 N=488

saavadmyofo poliklinika medpunqti

kmayofili

ukmayofilo

2013 49

saavadmyofo-poliklinikisa da medpunqtis samedicino momsaxurebiT respondentTa kmayofilebis done regionebis WrilSi amgvarad gadanawilda: saavadmyofo-medpunqtis momsaxurebiT ufro kmayofili arian kaxeTSi mcxovrebi respondentebi (90%, 97%), xolo poliklinikis momsaxurebiT - guriaSi (90%). medpunqtis momsaxurebiT ukiduresi ukmayofileba qvemo qarTlSi dafiqsirda (29%). poliklinikis muSaobiT yvelaze meti Zalian ukmayofilo respondenti imereTSi gvyavs (26%), xolo saavadmyofos funqcionireba samcxe-javaxeTSi ar moswons gamokiTxulTa 26%-s. (ixileT cxrili #10).

cxrili #10 - saavadmyofo- poliklinikisa da medpunqtis momsaxurebiT kmayofileba regionebis mixedviT

saavadmyofo poliklinika medpunqti

ukm

ayo

fil

o

kmay

of

ili

ukm

ayo

fil

o

kmay

of

ili

ukm

ayo

fil

o

kmay

of

ili

Tbilisi 15.4% 84.6% 17.9% 82.1% 17.5% 82.5%

aWara 14.0% 86.0% 24.9% 75.1% 13.9% 86.0%

guria 13.3% 86.7% 10.3% 89.7% 7.5% 92.5%

imereTi 23.0% 77.0% 26.3% 73.7% 8.5% 91.5%

kaxeTi 10.1% 90.0% 23.3% 76.7% 2.8% 97.2%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 19.7% 80.3% 15.9% 84.2% 19.7% 80.3%

qvemo qarTli 19.8% 80.2% 17.7% 82.3% 29.1% 70.9%

raWa-leCxumi 11.6% 88.4% 12.0% 87.9% 3.5% 96.4%

samcxe-javaxeTi 26.1% 73.9% 13.1% 86.8% 5.6% 94.3%

samegrelo/zemo svaneTi 12.0% 88.0% 15.1% 84.9% 7.2% 92.8%

Sida qarTli 16.0% 84.0% 14.4% 85.6% 10.4% 89.6%

N=1334 N=861 N=488

qali-kacis WrilSi, zogadi kmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT, saavadmyofo- ambulatoriiT momsaxurebaSi arsebiTi sxvaoba ar dafiqsirebula. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom meti gamokiTxuli qalia kmayofili poliklinikis momsaxurebiT, vidre mamakaci (kaci - 77%, qali - 83%). (ixileT grafiki #21).


50

grafiki #21- saavadmyofo- poliklinikisa da medpunqtis momsaxurebiT kmayofileba qali-kacis WrilSi

mTlianad, respondentTa naxevars gauWirda aRniSnuli samedicino dawesebulebis mier samedicino momsaxurebisaTvis gaweuli tarifis Sefaseba, radgan maT momsaxureba dazRvevis farglebSi ufasod an nawilobriv ufasod miiRes (45%). yovel mexuTes (21%) aseve gauWirda Sefaseba da mxolod respondentTa 5%-ma ganacxada, rom misaRebia an met-naklebad misaRebia dawesebulebaSi gadaxdili samedicino momsaxurebis safasuri.

5.3.2. profilaqtikis mizniT samedicino dawesebulebisaTvis mimarTva

saavadmyofo

respondentTa 12%-s wlis manZilze erTxel mainc miumarTavs saavadmyofosaTvis profilaqtikuri gamokvlevis gamo. maTi umravlesoba kmayofilia momsaxurebiT (88%). gamokiTxulTa naxevari saavadmyofoSi momsaxurebis safasurs misaRebad miiCnevs (49%), 8%-Tvis momsaxureba iafia, xolo 39%-Tvis - Zviri.

poliklinika

respondentTa 12%-s wlis manZilze erTxel mainc miumarTavs poliklinikisaTvis profilaqtikuri gamokvlevis gamo. maTi umravlesoba kmayofilia momsaxurebiT (85%). gamokiTxulTa umravlesobisaTvis poliklinikaSi momsaxurebis safasuri misaRebia (56%), xolo 9%-Tvis iafi. respondentTa mxolod mesamedi acxadebs, rom safasuri Zviria (33%).

ambulatoria-medpunqti

respondentTa mxolod 4%-s wlis manZilze erTxel mainc miumarTavs ambulatoriisaTvis profilaqtikuri gamokvlevis gamo. maTi umravlesoba kmayofilia momsaxurebiT (84%). gamokiTxulTa 11% Tvlis, rom momsaxureba iafia. respondentTa 40% ki acxadebs, rom gadaxdili safasuri Zviria. (ixileT grafiki #22).

kmayofili ukmayofilo

qali kaci

saavadmyofo - N=1334

polikninika - N=861

ambulatoria/medpunqti - N=488

2013 51

grafiki #22 - savadmyofoebSi/poliklinikebSi/medpunqtebSi samedicino momsaxurebis safasurisadmi damokidebuleba

qali-kacis WrilSi, profilaqtikuri gamokvlevisas, zogadi kmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT, saavadmyofo-ambulatoria-poliklinikis momsaxurebiT arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula. Tumca, gamovlinda garkveuli tendenciebi: zogadad, meti gamokiTxuli qalia kmayofili (poliklinika-ambulatoriis momsaxurebiT, vidre mamakaci (poliklinika: kaci - 82%, qali - 87%; ambulatoria: kaci - 81%, qali - 87%). saavadmyofoebis momsaxurebis gamokiTxvisas, meti mamakaci afiqsirebs kmayofilebas, vidre qali (kaci - 90%, qali - 87%).

qali-kacis WrilSi, poliklinika-ambulatoriis momsaxurebis safasuri ufro meti qalisaTvis aris miuRebeli, vidre kacisaTvis (poliklinika: kaci - 55%, qali - 57%; ambulatoria: kaci - 42%, qali - 50%). Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom meti gamokiTxuli kacisTvisaa misaRebi profilaqtikuri gamokvlevisaTvis saavadmyofoSi gadaxdili safasuri, vidre qalisaTvis (kaci - 53%, qali - 47%). aseve, meti kaci Tvlis, rom poliklinikaSi profilaqtikuri gamokvlevis safasuri iafia, vidre qali (kaci - 13%, qali - 7%). (ixileT grafiki #23).

grafiki #23 - qali-kacis WrilSi samedicino momsaxurebis safasurisadmi damokidebuleba saavadmyofo-poliklinika-medpunqtSi

Zviri misaRebi iafi ufaso

ambulatoria/medpunqti

poliklinika

saavadmyofo

Zviri misaRebi iafi ufaso

saavadmyofo

poliklinika

ambulatoria/medpunqti

qali kaci


52

5.3.3. saswrafo samedicino daxmareba

gamokiTxul respondentTa 38% acxadebs, rom bolo wlis manZilze isargebla pirveladi samedicino momsaxurebiT. maTi umravlesobis azriT, gamoZaxebuli saswrafo daxmareba droulad movida (90%). gamokiTxulTa umetesoba aseve kmayofilia gaweuli pirveladi samedicino momsaxurebiT (91%).

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula. gamokiTxuli qalebi da mamakacebi TiTqmis erTnairad afiqsireben kmayofileba-ukmayofilebas saxelmwifo saswrafo samedicino daxmarebis momsaxurebis mimarT (kmayofilia: kaci - 90%, qali - 91%; ukmayofiloa: kaci - 9%, qali - 8%).

5.3.4. mosaxleobis profilaqtikuri acrebi

respondentTa umravlesobam ganacxada, rom saxelmwifo programis farglebSi mosaxleobaSi profilaqtikuri acrebi tardeba (74%). Tumca, wlis manZilze am respondentTa mxolod meoTxedma Caitara profilaqtikuri acra (27%). maT absolutur umravlesobas acris safasuri ar gadauxdia (81%), xolo 16% sapirispiros afiqsirebs. isini, vinc acris safasuri gadaixades, acris Rirebulebas Zvirad miiCneven (50%). mesamedisaTvis safasuri misaRebia da mxolod 15%-Tvisaa acris safasuri iafi. aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentTa absoluturi umravlesoba kmayofilia momsaxurebiT (94%). (ixileT grafiki #26).

regionebs Soris raWa-leCxumsa da guriaSi mcxovreb respondentebs bolo wlis manZilze profilaqtikuri acra naklebad gaukeTebiaT (16%). safasuris TvalsazrisiT, regionebTan SedarebiT, Tbilisis mcxovrebni xSirad acxadeben, rom profilaqtikuri acrebisaTvis garkveuli safasuri gadaixades (31%).

qalaqSi mcxovrebma ufro metma respondentma ganacxada, rom gadaixada profilaqtikuri acris safasuri, vidre soflis tipis dasaxlebaSi mcxovrebma (24% - qalaqi, 7% - sofeli).

maRalmTian regionebSi ufro naklebi gamokiTxuli acxadebs, rom gadaixada profilaqtikuri acris safasuri (maRalmTiani - 8%, aramaRalmTiani - 16%) Tumca, acrebis safasuriT meti ukmayofilo swored maRalmTian zonaSia. umravlesoba, maRalmTian regionSi acris Rirebulebas Zvirad an Zalian Zvirad Tvlis (maRalmTiani - 84%, aramaRalmTiani - 48%).

qali-kacis WrilSi, mosaxleobis profilaqtikuri acrebiT kmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula. Tumca, gamovlinda tendenciebi: meti gamokiTxuli qali gamoxatavs kmayofilebas saxelmwifo profilaqtikuri acrebiT, vidre mamakaci (kaci - 90%, qali - 97%). (ixileT grafiki #25).

2013 53

grafiki #25 - qali-kacis WrilSi saxelmwifo programis farglebSi mosaxleobis profilaqtikuri acrebiT kmayofileba

5.3.5. pirutyvis/ Sinauri cxovelebis acrebi

respondentTa naxevarma icis, rom saxelmwifo programiT tardeba profilaqtikuri acrebi pirutyvisaTvis (49%). maT naxevars bolo erTi wlis manZilze Cautarebia profilaqtikuri acra Sinauri cxovelebisa Tu frinvelebisaTvis (50%). respondentTa absoluturi umravlesoba acxadebs, rom acris safasuri ar gadauxdia (85%), xolo 13% sapirispiros afiqsirebs. acris Rirebulebas misaRebad miiCnevs gamokiTxulTa 66% (maT vinc gadaixada acris safasuri), mexuTedisaTvis safasuri Zviria, xolo 18% fiqrobs, rom igi iafia. aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentTa absoluturi umravlesoba kmayofilia momsaxurebiT (91%). (ixileT grafiki #26).

regionebs Soris TbilisSi mcxovreb respondentTa mcire nawils erTi wlis manZilze gaukeTebia profilaqtikuri acra Sinauri cxovelebisaTvis (13%). aRsaniSnavia, rom samegrelo-zemo svaneTSi gamokiTxulTa did nawils aucria pirutyvi bolo 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi (71%). safasuris TvalsazrisiT, regionebTan SedarebiT, Tbilisis mcxovrebni xSirad acxadebden, rom garkveuli safasuri gadaixades Sinauri cxovelis profilaqtikuri acrisas (66%). aRsaniSnavia, rom samcxe-javaxeTSi gamokiTxulTa (30%) adasturebs pirutyvis acrisas safasuris gadaxdis faqts. aWarasa da Sida qarTlSi gamokiTxulebs ki acris safasuri ar gadauxdiaT.

qalaqi-soflis WrilSi bolo erTi wlis manZilze qalaqad mcxovreb ufro nakleb respondents aucria Sinauri cxoveli, vidre soflad mcxovrebT (28% - qalaqi, 59% - sofeli). qalaqSi met respondents gadauxdia Sinauri cxovelis profilaqtikuri acris safasuri, vidre soflis tipis dasaxlebaSi (27% - qalaqi, 10% - sofeli).

maRalmTian regionSi met gamokiTxuls aucria pirutyvi profilaqtikis mizniT saxelmwifo programis farglebSi, vidre sxva zonaSi (maRalmTiani - 71%, aramaRalmTiani - 46%). maRalmTian zonaSi mcxovrebi meti respondenti Tvlis, rom pirutyvis acrisaTvis gadaxdili safasuri iafia, vidre sxva zonaSi mcxovrebi gamokiTxuli (maRalmTiani - 24%, aramaRalmTiani -16%).


qali

kaci


54

grafiki #26 - saxelmwifo programis farglebSi profilaqtikuri acrebiT kmayofileba

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula. gamokiTxuli qalebi da mamakacebi TiTqmis erTnairad arian kmayofili pirutyvis profilaqtikuri acrebis gamo (kmayofilia: kaci - 91%, qali - 92%).

5.3.6. jandacvis saxelmwifo programebi

respondentTa TiTqmis naxevari informirebulia jandacvis sxva saxelmwifo programebis Sesaxebac (45%). maT 18%-s miuRia momsaxureba saxelmwifo programis farglebSi da umravlesoba am servisiT kmayofilia (81%).

maRalmTian regionebSi ufro nakleb gamokiTxuls smenia jandacvis sxva saxelmwifo programis Sesaxeb (maRalmTiani - 33%, aramaRalmTiani - 46%), ufro mets ki swored mTian zonaSi usargeblia momsaxurebiT msgavsi programebis farglebSi (maRalmTiani - 40%, aramaRalmTiani - 17%).

qali-kacis WrilSi, jandacvis saxelmwifo programiT kmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT, arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula. gamovlinda garkveuli tendencia: ufro meti gamokiTxuli qalia kmayofili jandacvis saxelmwifo programiT, vidre mamakaci (kaci - 73%, qali - 87%).

5.3.7. zogadi kmayofileba jandacvis sistemis muSaobiT

zogadad, yoveli mesame gamokiTxuli kmayofilia saqarTveloSi jandacvis sistemiT (33%), 38% neitraluradaa ganwyobili, xolo respondentTa mexuTedi ukmayofiloa am sistemiT (20%). ukmayofilebis ZiriTad mizezad gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba mkurnalobis safasurs asaxelebs (66%), naxevari ki - momsaxurebis nakleb xelmisawavdomobas (51%), xolo 41% ukmayofiloa moqmedi sadazRvevo sistemiT. (ixileT grafiki #27).

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula. gamokiTxuli qalebisa da mamakacebis TiTqmis toli wili afiqsirebs kmayofilebas jandacvis sistemis muSaobiT (kaci - 33%, qali - 34%).


mosaxleobis profilaqtikuri

acrebi N=596

Sinauri cxovelebis profilaqtikuri

acrebi N=896

2013 55

grafiki #27 - jandacvis sistemiT ukmayofilebis mizezebi


SeniSvna: pasuxebis jami aRemateba 100%-s, radgan dasaSvebi iyo ramdenime pasuxi.

5.4. rekreacia, dasveneba da kultura

kvlevis Sedegad dagdinda, rom kulturul-dasasvenebeli adgilebi, rogoricaa: Teatri, muzeumi, biblioTeka, sajaro parki, sportuli moedani da kulturis saxli ar aris gamarTuli saqarTveloSi arsebuli dasaxlebebis 16%-Si. CamonaTvalSi yvelaze gamarTuli mainc sportuli moedani aRmoCnda - isini saqarTveloSi arsebuli dasaxlebebis 71%-Si funqcionirebs. SedarebiT kargi mdgomareobaa biblioTekis muSaobis TvalsazrisiTac, biblioTekebi dasaxlebebis 60%-Si gxvdeba. gamokiTxulTa naxevarma ganacxada, rom maT dasaxlebaSi aris Teatri, muzeumi da sajaro parki (49%, 51%, 51%). cudi maCvenebeli kulturis saxlTan mimarTebiT gvaqvs, romlis dasaxlebaSi funqcionirebac gamokiTxulTa mxolod 40%-ma daafiqsira.

soflis mosaxleobis 30%-ma ganacxada, rom maT dasaxlebaSi ar funqcionirebs zemoT CamoTvlilTagan arcerTi, maSin, rodesac qalaqSi gamokiTxulTa mxolod 4%-ma daafiqsira igive. soflis tipis dasaxlebaSi gamokiTxulTa 50%-ma gamarTulad sportuli moedani daafiqsira.

regionebis mixedviT aRsaniSnavia, rom mcxeTa-mTianeTsa da Sida qarTlSi gamokiTxul respondentTa mniSvnelovani nawilis azriT (43%, 37%), maT dasaxlebaSi kiTxvarSi CamoTvlili dasasvenebel-rekreaciuli infrastruqturidan (Teatri, muzeumi, biblioTeka, sajaro parki, sportuli moedani, kulturis saxli-soflis klubi) arcerTi ar funqcionirebs. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, am mxriv, kargi mdgomareobaa dedaqalaqSi, CamoTvlili infrastruqturidan TbilisSi yvela funqcionirebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom yvelaze kargi mdgomareoba sportuli moednebTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs. regionebSi umetesad swored am infrastruqturis gamarTuli funqcionireba dasaxelda. imereTsa da raWa-leCxumSi CamoTvlili infrastruqturidan dadebiTad Sefasda biblioTekis muSaoba (69%, 68%). (ixileT cxrili #11).

safasuri

naklebi xelmisawvdomoba

dazRvevis sistema

eqimebis profesionalizmis done

dawesebulebebis gamarTuloba

pirveladi daxmareba

sxva

ar vici


56

cxrili #11 - regionebis mixedviT kulturul-dasasvenebeli infrastruqturis arseboba

Tea

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i mo

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kul

tu

ris

sax

li

Camo

Tvl

ilT

agan

ar

cer

Ti

Tbilisi 99.6% 98.8% 98.6% 99.2% 99.8% 54.0% 0%

aWara 37.4% 47.3% 50.6% 49.1% 78.6% 38.7% 14.5%

guria 21.3% 23.3% 37.7% 19.6% 61.7% 23.5% 20.4%

imereTi 61.6% 42.7% 69.1% 52.5% 69.8% 42.5% 9.3%

kaxeTi 15.1% 30.0% 46.1% 35.1% 60.3% 39.9% 21.3%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 4.1% 21.1% 33.1% 23.4% 46.2% 20.3% 42.5%

qvemo qarTli 13.3% 13.8% 24.0% 16.7% 57.8% 35.0% 20.3%

raWa-leCxumi 10.8% 19.7% 68.4% 12.7% 49.1% 32.1% 22.2%

samcxe-javaxeTi 18.2% 19.5% 40.3% 20.6% 48.7% 37.6% 33.3%

samegrelo/zemo svaneTi 21.1% 26.6% 41.9% 16.5% 56.6% 26.2% 27.0%

Sida qarTli 17.9% 34.4% 35.1% 32.1% 53.4% 31.7% 37.3%


maRalmTian regionSi sxva dasaxlebasTan SedarebiT naklebma respondentma ganacxada, rom maT dasaxlebaSi funqcionirebs Teatri, muzeumi da sajaro parki (maRalmTiani - 17%, 16%, 18%, aramaRalmTiani - 49%, 51%, 52%). aRsaniSnavia, rom maRalmTian regionSi yoveli mesame gamokiTxuli afiqsirebs dasasvenebel-gasarTobi infrastruqturis uqonlobas, maSin, rodesac danarCen regionSi igives gamokiTxulTa mxolod 15% acxadebs.

gamokiTxulTa 18%-ma maT dasaxlebaSi arsebuli kulturis saxlis mdgomareoba cudad Seafasa. respondentTa 11%-is azriT, sportuli moednebic arasaxarbielo mdgomareobaSia. Tumca, gasarTob-dasasvenebeli adgilis mdgomareoba mTlianobaSi kargad an damakmayofileblad Sefasda. (ixileT grafiki #28).

2013 57

grafiki #28 - gasarTob-dasasvenebli adgilebis mdgomareobis Sefaseba

regionebis mixedviT Semdegi suraTi gamoikveTa: mxolod TbilisSi, kaxeTSi, aWaraSi, imereTSi, samegrelosa da qvemo qarTlSi gamokiTxul respondentTa sakmarisi raodenoba afasebs gasarTob-dasasvenebeli adgilebis mdgomareobas. danarCen regionSi respondentTa simcire procentuli koeficientis gamoyvanis saSualebas ar iZleva. qvemo qarTlSi gamokiTxul respondentTa naxevari cudad afasebs regionSi arsebuli kulturis saxlis-soflis klubis mdgomareobas (47%), xolo TiTqmis amdenive respondenti dadebiTad afasebs sportuli moednis mdgomareobas (53%). imereTSi gamokiTxul respondentTa umetesoba (59%) dadebiTad afasebs sajaro parkis mdgomareobas. Teatris mdgomareoba sxva regionebTan SedarebiT dadebiTad Sefasda TbilisSi, aWarasa da quTaisSi.

soflis tipis dasaxlebaSi mcxovrebTa umravlesobam Teatris mdgomareoba damakmayofileblad Seafasa (71%), maSin, rodesac qalaqSi mcxovrebTa naxevarma dadebiTad Seafasa maT dasaxlebaSi arsebuli Teatris infrastruqtura. qalaqad gamokiTxul respondentTagan gansxvavebiT, soflad gamokiTxuli respondentebi maT dasaxlebaSi arsebul sportul moedans cudad afaseben (qalaqi - 6%, sofeli -19%).

respondentTa naxevari prioritetulad sportuli moednisa da sajaro parkis gamarTul funqcionirebas asaxelebs (52%, 48%). respondentTa 14%-ma muzeumis gamarTuli funqcionireba daasaxela prioritetulad maTi dasaxlebisaTvis.

regionis mixedviT prioriteti ase ganawilda: TbilisSi, aWarasa da Sida qarTlSi umravlesobisaTvis sajaro parkis gamarTuli funqcionireba mniSvnelovania (64%, 59%, 64%). respondentTaTvis mcxeTa-mTianeTSi, qvemo qarTlSi, samegrelosa da raWa-leCxumSi prioritetuli kulturis saxlis gamarTulobaa (46%, 43%, 44%, 68%), guriaSi ki gamokiTxulTa naxevari biblioTekas aniWebs upiratesobas (48%). darCenil regionSi respondentTa umetesoba upiratesobas sportuli moednis gamarTul funqcionirebas aniWebs (imereTi - 57%, kaxeTi - 63%, samcxe-javaxeTi - 58%). (ixileT cxrili #12).

Teatri - N1066

muzeumi - N1239

biblioTeka - N1745

sajaro parki - N1245

sportuli moedani - N2113

kulturis saxli - N1202

saSualocudi kargi miWirs Sefaseba


58

cxrili #12 - regionebis mixedviT prioritetuli gasarTobi da dasasvenebeli infrastruqtura

Tea

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muz

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bibl

ioT

eka

saj

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kul

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ris

sa

xli

arc

erT

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ssar

vic

i

Tbilisi 44.0% 14.7% 32.1% 64.4% 54.3% 7.1% 2.0% 1.7%

aWara 21.9% 11.7% 32.1% 59.0% 50.2% 37.6% 4.1% 3.5%

guria 8.5% 10.3% 48.3% 11.7% 40.4% 41.5% 5.3% 1.5%

imereTi 46.3% 19.3% 49.5% 34.7% 57.4% 42.8% 0.4% 1.2%

kaxeTi 19.0% 11.6% 41.2% 62.5% 63.3% 60.0% 1.8% 0.7%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 18.2% 4.0% 29.9% 38.7% 41.7% 45.6% 5.0% 12.5%

qvemo qarTli 17.6% 5.2% 31.3% 27.4% 40.7% 43.1% 3.6% 6.6%

raWa-leCxumi 31.0% 15.9% 55.8% 16.5% 49.6% 67.8% 1.6% 1.1%

samcxe-javaxeTi 13.4% 9.8% 32.3% 39.1% 57.5% 39.9% 4.4% 0.9%

samegrelo/zemo svaneTi 23.0% 14.5% 34.6% 41.1% 40.8% 44.3% 0.0% 7.9%

Sida qarTli 8.9% 23.4% 51.5% 63.9% 56.3% 60.2% 0.0% 1.4%


soflis mosaxleobisaTvis ufro prioritetulia kulturis saxlebis gamarTuli funqcionireba, vidre qalaqSi mcxovrebTaTvis (sofeli - 59%, qalaqi - 17%). Teatrebis gamarTuli funqcionireba ufro qalaqSi mcxovreb respondentTaTvisaa prioritetuli, vidre sofelSi mcxovrebTaTvis (qalaqi - 43%, sofeli - 14%).

maRalmTian regionebSi mcxovrebTa yvela didi nawili prioritetulad maT dasaxlebebSi sportuli moednebisa da kulturis saxlebis gamarTulobas asaxelebs (maRalmTiani - 53%, 51%, aramaRalmTiani - 52%, 35%). (ixileT grafiki #29).

2013 59

grafiki #29 - prioritetuli gasarTobi da dasasvenebeli infrastruqtura maRalmTiani/aramaRalmTiani zonebis mixedviT



qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula prioritetuli gasarTob-dasasvenebeli adgilebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, gamovlinda garkveuli tendenciebi: ufro meti gamokiTxuli qali acxadebs, rom maT dasaxlebebSi biblioTekebis funqcionirebaa prioritetuli, vidre mamakaci (kaci - 35%, qali - 41%). (ixileT grafiki #30).

grafiki #30 - prioritetuli gasarTobi da dasasvenebeli infrastruqtura qali-kacis WrilSi



Teatri

muzeumi

biblioTeka

sajaro parki

sportuli moedani

kulturis saxli

arcerTi

ar vici

aramaRalmTiani zona

maRalmTiani zona

qali kaci Teatri

muzeumi

biblioTeka

sajaro parki

sportuli moedani

kulturis saxli

arcerTi

ar vici


60

5.5. komunaluri infrastruqtura

kvlevis farglebSi Seswavlil iqna komunaluri infrastruqturis sakiTxebi, iseTebi, rogoricaa wyalmomarageba, sakanalizacio sistema, eleqtroenergiiTa da bunebrivi airiT momarageba, narCenebis gatana da dasufTaveba.

5.5.1. wyalmomarageba

rogorc kvlevis Sedegebma cxadyo, mosaxleobis 68%-s aqvs centraluri wyalmomarageba. bunebrivia, wyamomaragebis sistemis mqone mosaxleobas Soris Warbobs qalaqis tipis dasaxlebaTa mosaxleoba. aRmoCnda, rom qalaqSi mcxovrebi adamianebis 93%-s miuwvdeba xeli centralur wylis sistemaze, maSin, rodesac soflad aseTi adamianebis wili mxolod 40%-ia. (ixileT grafiki #31). iqidan gamomdinare, rom wyalmomaragebis nakleboba ZiriTadad soflis tipis dasaxlebebSi SeiniSneba, sainteresoa monacemebis Sedareba regionebis mixedviTac. wyalmomaragebis sistemis arsebobis mxriv yvelaze dabali maCvenebeli dafiqsirda raWa-svaneTSi, guriasa da samegrelo-zemo svaneTSi. (ixileT cxrili #13).

grafiki #31 - gaqvT Tu ara centraluri wyalmomarageba? qalaqi-soflis Wrili


cxrili #13 - gaqvT Tu ara centraluri wyalmomarageba? regionebis Wrili

diax ara ar vici

Tbilisi 99% 0% 1%

aWara 64% 36% 0%

guria 32% 68% 0%

imereTi 57% 43% 0%

kaxeTi 69% 31% 0%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 49% 51% 1%

qvemo qarTli 82% 18% 0%

raWa,svaneTi 26% 74% 0%

samcxe-javaxeTi 45% 55% 0%

samegrelo, zemo svaneTi 32% 67% 1%

Sida qarTli 64% 36% 0%


diax ara ar vici

sofeli

qalaqi

2013 61

regionis SigniT qalaqi-soflis mixedviT Semdegi suraTi dafiqsirda: TiTqmis yvela regionSi centraluri wyalmomarageba qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi ufro metadaa gavrcelebuli. gamonakliss warmoadgens Sida qarTli, sadac centraluri wyalmomarageba soflis tipis dasaxlebebSi ufro met ojaxs aqvs, vidre qalaqSi. (ixileT grafiki #32)

grafiki #32 - cetraluri wyalmomaragebis arseboba regionebSi qalaqi-soflis mixedviT


mosaxleobis is nawili, romelsac aqvs centraluri wyalmomarageba, acxadebs, rom wyali sasmelad vargisia 77%-Tvis, wylis vargisianobis wili ufro metad qalaqis mosaxleobaze modis, soflis mosaxleobis 21% acxadebs, rom isini wyals sasmelad ar iyeneben, xolo 14% Tvlis, rom wyali maT dasaxlebaSi sasmelad nawilobriv vargisia. wyals sasmelad vargisianad qalaqis mosaxleobis 81% miiCnevs, xolo 8% - nawilobriv vargisianad. regionebs Soris wylis sasmelad vargisianobiT Tbilisis (94%) Semdeg gamoirCeva samegrelo (92%).

maRalmTiani soflebis 74% ar aqvs wyalmomarageba, xolo maT Soris visac aqvs, naxevarze meti (53%) acxadebs, rom miwodebuli wyali sasmelad uvargisia.

rac Seexeba wylis regularul miwodebas, mosaxleobis 65% acxadebs, rom wyali maT TiTqmis uwyvetad miewodebaT. es maCvenebeli ZiriTadad qalaqis mosaxleobaze modis (71%). wylis yoveldRiurad garkveuli doziT miwodebaze qalaqisa da soflis mosaxleobisaTvis TiTqmis erTnairi maCvenebeli dafiqsirda. (ixileT grafiki #33).

qalaqi sofeli

Tbilisi

aWara

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianTi

qvemo qarTli

raWa, svaneTi

samcxe-javaxeTi

samegrelo, zemo svaneTi

Sida qarTli


62

grafiki #33 - ra regularobiT modis centraluri wyali?


regionebs Soris wylis miwodebis sixSiris TvalsazrisiT yvelaze dabali maCvenebli dafiqsirda Sida qarTlSi (26%), kaxeTsa (26%) da mcxeTa-mTianeTSi (24%), sadac mosaxleobis garkveuli nawili acxadebs, rom wyali maT mxolod kviraSi ramdenimejer miewodebaT.

mosaxleobis 68% acxadebs, rom maTTvis arsebuli wyalmomaragebis grafiki TiTqmis yovelTvis damakmayofilebeblia. qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi kmayofileba ufro metad SeimCneva (72%), vidre soflis (57%).

rac Seexeba regionebs, wyali yovelTvis aradamakmayofileblad miewodeba imereTsa (27%) da mcxeTa-mTianeTs (25%). wylis zogjer aradamakmayofilebel miwodebas yvelaze metad guriaSi uCivian (40%).

sayofacxovrebo saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad mowodebuli wylis raodenoba sakmarisad an sruliad sakmarisad miaCnia mosaxleobis 78%-s. qalaqis mcxovrebTaTvis wylis raodenobis Sefaseba ufro dadebiTia, vidre soflis mcxovrebTaTvis. (ixileT grafiki #34).

grafiki #34 - sakmarisia Tu ara mowodebuli wylis raodenoba?


qalaqi

TiTqmis uwyvetad yoveldRe garkveuli droiT

kviraSiramdenimejer

kviraSi erTxel

sofeli

sul

qalaqi

sofeli

sakmarisia

ar aris sakmarisi

2013 63

regionebs Soris wylis raodenoba yvelaze metad arasakmarisad miaCniaT imereTsa (47%) da Sida qarTlSi (41%).

qali-kacis WrilSi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula wyalmomaragebis grafikiTa da miwodebuli wylis raodenobiT kmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT. gamokiTxul qalTa da mamakacTa identuri wili afiqsirebs kmayofilebas wyalmomaragebis arsebuli grafikiT da miwodebuli wylis raodenobiT (wyalmomaragebis grafiki: kaci - 68%, qali - 68%; mowodebuli wylis raodenoba sakmarisia sayofacxovrebo saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad: kaci - 78%, qali - 78%).

mosaxleobis 61% suladobis mixedviT ixdis wylis gadasaxads, xolo 23% mricxvelis mixedviT. aRniSnuli meTodebiT wylis gadasaxadis gadaxda yvela regionSi metnaklebad Tanabrad aris gavrcelebuli. gamonakliss warmoadgens guria (14%) da kaxeTi (5%), sadac mosaxleoba acxadebs, rom wylis gadasaxadi fiqsirebulia (magaliTad, ojaxze erTi an sami lari).

rogorc dadginda, mosaxleobisaTvis rogorc qalaqSi, aseve sofelSi TiTqmis Tanabrad xelmisawvdomia wylis safasuri. Tumca aRsaniSnavia, rom ukmayofilebas safasurTan dakavSirebiT qalaqSi mcxovrebi adamianebi ufro metad gamoxataven, vidre sofelSi mcxovrebi respondentebi. (ixileT grafiki #35).

grafiki #35 - xelmisawvdomia Tu ara wylis safasuri?


rogorc dadginda, regionebs Soris Tbilisi yvelaze metad uCivis wylis safasuris xelmisawvdomobas (49% - ar aris xelmisawvdomi).

rogorc dadginda, maRalmTian soflebSi ar ixdian wylis gadasaxads (ar exeba - 86%), xolo, amave tipis dasaxlebis mcxovrebTa 8% wylis safasurs ojaxis wevrebis raodenobis mixedviT ixdis. maRalmTian soflebSi wylis gadasaxadis gadamxdeli ojaxebi ar uCivian maRal safasurs da acxadeben, rom Tanxa xelmisawvdomia (13%).

5.5.2. sakanalizacio sistema

mosaxleobis naxevari (50%) acxadebs, rom maT dasaxlebaSi aris sakanalizacio sistema, xolo meore naxevris SemTxvevaSi ar aris. qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi mosaxleobis 90% adasturebs sakanalizacio sistemis arsebobas, xolo soflis tipis dasaxlebebSi mosaxleobis daaxloebiT igive wili (96%) acxadebs, rom maT dasaxlebaSi ar aris

qalaqi

sofeli

xelmisawvdomia


pasuxze uari ganacxada

ar exeba

ar vici/miWirs pasuxi


64

centraluri sakanalizacio sistema. analogiuri situacia fiqsirdeba maRalmTian soflebSic, sadac mosaxleobis 96% acxadebs, rom maT dasaxlebaSi ar aris sakanalizacio sistema.

yvelaze cudi mdgomareoba sakanalizacio sistemis arsebobis mxriv regionebs Soris guriaSia - aq mcxovrebi mosaxleobis 86% uaryofs centraluri sistemis arsebobas. raWa-svaneTSic TiTqmis igive mdgomareobaa (82%).

mosaxleobis is nawili, romlis dasaxlebaSic aris centraluri sistema, 90%-is SemTxvevaSi mierTebulia sakanalizacio sistemaze, es faqti metwilad qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi ufro SeiniSneba (92%), vidre soflis (41%).

sakanalizacio sistemis mqone mosaxleobis 75% acxadebs, rom sistema absoluturad gamarTulad muSaobs. qalaqisa da soflis mosaxleobisaTvis aRniSnul sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi aris gansxvavebebi. soflis mosaxleobis 29%-Tvis arsebuli sakanalizacio sistema absoluturad gaumarTavia, maSin, rodesac qalaqSi aseTi SemTxvevebis mxolod 4% fiqsirdeba. (ixileT grafiki #36).

grafiki #36 - ramdenad gamarTulia centraluri sakanalizacio sistema? qalaqi-soflis Wrili


gayvaniloba absoluturad gaumarTavia guriaSi sakanalizacio sistemis mqone mosaxleobis 27%-Tvis. aranakleb mZime mdgomareobaa am mxriv Sida qarTlSic - centralur sakanalizacio gayvanilobaze mierTebuli saxlebis 16%-is SemTxvevaSi sistema absoluturad gaumarTavia.

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula centraluri sakanalizacio sistemis gamarTulobiT kmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT. gamokiTxuli qalebisa da mamakacebis TiTqmis identuri wili miiCnevs, rom arsebuli centraluri sakanalizacio sistema gamarTulad funqcionirebs. (kaci - 95%, qali - 96%).

5.5.3. eleqtroenergia

mosaxleobis umravlesobis gancxadebiT (94%), ukanaskneli 3 Tvis manZilze eleqtroenergiiT momarageba TiTqmis uwyvetad xdeboda. aRniSnuli monacemebi umniSvnelod gansxvavdeba dasaxlebis tipisa da regionebis mixedviT informaciis

qalaqi

sofeli

sul

absoluturad gaumarTavia

nawilobriv gamarTulia

absoluturad gamarTulia

2013 65

gaSlisas. maRalmTian soflebSic ki mxolod 3% aRmoCnda iseTi, romelTac eleqtro-energia xSiri wyvetebiT da ugrafikod miewodeba.

aRmoCnda, rom mosaxleobis umetesoba kmayofilia mowodebuli eleqtroenergiis xarisxiT (ZabviT) rogorc zamTarSi (92%), aseve sxva sezonebze (95%). zamTarSi eleqtroenergiis ZabviT ukmayofilo adamianebi sul 8%-s Seadgnen, zafxulSi ki 5%-s. isini TiTqmis Tanabrad nawildebian qalaqisa da soflis tipis dasaxlebebSi. regionebis mixedviT zamTarSi eleqtroZabviT yvelaze ukmayofilo aWaraa - am regionSi mowodebuli eleqtroenergiis xarisxiT ukmayofilebas 26% gamoxatavs, Tumca, ukmayofileba iklebs sxva sezonebze da sxva regionebis msgavsad ukmayofilo adamianebis wili ar aRemataeba 11%-s. (ixileT cxrili #14).

cxrili #14 - ramdenad kmayofili xarT eleqtroenergiis xarisxiT?

zamTari

kmay

of

ili

ukm

ayo

fil

o

miW

irs

pasu

xi

Tbilisi 98% 2% 0%

aWara 74% 25% 1%

guria 92% 8% 0%

imereTi 89% 11% 0%

kaxeTi 91% 9% 0%








rac Seexeba eleqtromomaragebasTan dakavSirebuli momsaxurebiT kmayofilebas, mosaxleobis 87% pozitiurad afasebs aRniSnuli servisis problemebis mogvarebis operatiulobas.

eleqtromomaragebasTan dakavSirebuli momsaxurebiT kmayofili da ukmayofilo adamia-nebis gadanawileba msgavsia qalaqisa da soflis tipis dasaxlebebisaTvis, Tumca, regionebs Soris aRsaniSnavia, rom qvemo qarTlSi momsaxurebiT ukmayofilo mosaxleobis

sxva sezonebi

kmay

of

ili

ukm

ayo

fil

o

miW

irs

pasu

xi

Tbilisi 99% 1% 0%

aWara 90% 10% 0%

guria 98% 2% 0%

imereTi 88% 11% 0%

kaxeTi 93% 7% 0%








66

17%-ia. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom maRalmTian soflebSi mosaxleobis 13% gamoTqvams ukmayofilebas eleqtromomaragebis problemebis mogvarebasTan dakavSirebiT.

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula eleqtroenergiis xarisxiT da eleqtroenergiasTan dakavSirebuli momsaxurebiT kmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT. gamokiTxuli qalebis da mamakacebis TiTqmis identuri wili afiqsirebs kmayofilebas miwodebuli eleqtroenergiis xarisxiT da zogadad eleqtromomaragebasTan dakavSi-rebuli momsaxurebiT (xarisxi: kaci - 93%, qali - 93%; momsaxureba: kaci - 86%, qali - 88%).

5.5.4. gazmomaragebis centraluri sistema

mosaxleobis 69% acxadebs, rom maT dasaxlebaSi Seyvanilia centraluri gazsadeni. gazsadeni Seyvanilia qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebis umetes nawilSi (89%), xolo soflebSi TiTqmis Tanabrad nawildeba dasaxlebebi, sadac gazsadeni aris (47%) da sadac gazsadeni ar aris (53%). (ixileT grafiki #37).

grafiki #37 - aris Tu ara Tqvens dasaxlebaSi centraluri gazsadeni?

sruli SerCeviTi erTobliioba N=3400

regionebs Soris yvelaze kargi mdgomareoba Tbilissa (100%) da Sida qarTlSia (81%), danarCen regionebSi dasaxlebaTa sul mcire naxevarSi mainc aris centraluri gazsadeni. gamonakliss warmoadgens mxolod raWa-svaneTi da samegrelo - am regionebSi dasaxlebaTa umetesoba gazsadenis gareSea darCenili (87%, 75%). (ixileT grafiki #38)

dasaxlebebis im nawilSi, romelSic Seyvanilia centraluri gazsadeni, umetes SemTxvevaSi gazmomarageba uSualod saxlebamdec midis (75%). am mxrivac qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi ukeTesi mdgomareobaa, vidre soflis (88%, 49%).

im regionebSi, sadac dasaxlebaTa gazificireba problemas warmoadgens, aseve dabalia uSualod ojaxebisaTvis centralizebuli sistemidan gazis miRebis wili - gazi gazsadenidan ar miewodeba raWa-svaneTSi mosaxleobis 70%-s, xolo samegreloSi - 66%-s. (ixileT grafiki #38).

qalaqi

sofeli

sul

gazsadeni aris

gazsadeni ar aris

2013 67

grafiki #38 - gazmomarageba dasaxlebebSi da ojaxebis xelmisawvdomoba centralur sistemasTan regionebis mixedviT


mosaxleobis umravlesoba (93%), rogorc qalaqSi (92%), aseve soflad (97%), kmayofilia gazis xarisxiT.

regionebSi gazmomaragebasTan dakavSirebul momsaxurebaze kmayofilebis maRali xarisxi fiqsirdeba. gamonakliss mxolod qvemo qarTli warmoadgens, sadac ukmayofilo adamianebi gamokiTxulTa 10%-s Seadgenen.

maRalmTiani soflebis 79%-Si ar aris gazsadeni, xolo im soflebSi, sadac aris, gazi saxlSi mxolod naxevars miewodeba (57%). mosaxleobis is nawili, romelsac saxlSi aqvs centraluri gazi, kmayofilia rogorc xarisxiT (96%), aseve gazmomaragebasTan dakavSirebuli momsaxurebiT (94%).

qali-kacis WrilSi aRsaniSnavia, rom ufro meti gamokiTxuli mamakacia kmayofili gazmomaragebiT, vidre qali (kaci - 91%, qali - 82%). (ixileT grafiki #39).

centraluri gazsadeni Seyvanilia dasaxlebaSi

ojaxisaTvis gazi xelmisawvdomia centraluri sistemidan

Tbilisi

aWara

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

qvemo qarTli

raWa-leCxumi

samcxe-javaxeTi


Sida qarTli


68

grafiki #39 - gazmomaragebasTan dakavSirebuli momsaxurebiT kmayofileba qali-kacis WrilSi

5.5.5. narCenebis gatana

kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom narCenebis centralizebulad gatana xdeba dasaxlebaTa 59%-dan. aRniSnuli momsaxurebis ufro maRali maCvenebeli fiqsirdeba qalaqis (93%), vidre soflis (21%) tipis dasaxlebaSi. (ixileT grafiki #40).

grafiki #40 - xdeba Tu ara Tqveni dasaxlebidan narCenebis gatana?


narCenebis gatanis TvalsazrisiT umetesad qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebi gamoirCeva, Tumca, aRsaniSnavia mcxeTa-mTianeTis, kaxeTisa da aWaris soflebic, sadac mosaxleobis TiTqmis naxevari acxadebs, rom maTi dasaxlebebidan narCenebis gatana xdeba. (ixileT grafiki #41).

kmayofili ukmayofili miWirs Sefaseba

qali

kaci

qalaqi

sofeli

sul

diax

ara

miWirs pasuxi

2013 69

grafiki #41 - dasaxlebidan narCenebis gatana regionebSi qalaqi-soflis mixedviT


regionebs Soris narCenebis centralizebulad gatanis mxriv saukeTeso viTareba TbilisSia (100%), xolo yvelaze dabali maCvenebeli raWa-leCxumSi fiqsirdeba (83%).

maRalmTiani soflebis 91%-is SemTxvevaSi narCenebis gatana ar xdeba. (ixileT grafiki #42).

grafiki #42 - xdeba Tu ara Tqveni dasaxlebidan narCenebis gatana? - maRalmTiani/aramaRalmTiani zonebis mixedviT


qalaqi sofeli

Tbilisi

aWara

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

qvemo qarTli

raWa, svaneTi

sacxe-javaxeTi


Sida qarTli

maRalmTiani

aramaRalmTiani

sul

diax

ara

miWirs pasuxi


70

rac Seexeba narCenebis gatanis regularobas, aRmoCnda, rom qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi naCenebi sul mcire or dReSi erTxel mainc gaaqvT (78%), xolo soflis tipis dasaxlebebSi kviraSi erTxel (68%).

miuxedavad narCenebis gatanis regularobisa, mosaxleoba momsaxurebiT Tanabrad kmayofilia rogorc qalaqSi (86%), aseve sofelSi (85%). Tumca, Tanabrad gamoikveTa ukmayofilo adamianebic (8% da 7%), romlebic negatiuri damokidebulebis mizezad ZiriTadad regularobas asaxeleben. miuxedavad imisa, rom qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi sul mcire or dReSi erTxel mainc gaaqvT narCenebi, mosaxleobis 65% ukmayofiloa aRniSnuli regularobiT. soflis mosaxleobisTvisac ukmayofilebis mizezi regularobasTan erTad, higienuri normebis dacva da narCenebis gatanaSi gadaxdili safasuria.

sxva regionebTan SedarebiT ukmayofilebis maRali maCvenebeli dafiqsirda qvemo qarTlSi (19%), samcxe-javaxeTsa (16%) da raWa-svaneTSi (13%). am regionebSic mosaxleoba ZiriTadad regularobas, gatanis xarisxsa (narCenebis arasrulad gatanas) da higienuri normebis daucvelobas uCivis. (ixileT grafiki #43).

grafiki #43 - narCenebis gatana dasaxlebebidan da respondentTa ukmayofilebis maCvenebeli mocemuli momsaxurebiT regionebis mixedviT


im dasaxlebebSi, sadac narCenebis gatana xdeba, momsaxurebis safasuri absoluturad xelmisawvdomia respondentebis mxolod 29%-Tvis.

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula narCenebis gataniT kmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT. odnav ufro meti gamokiTxuli mamakaci afiqsirebs kmayofilebas narCenebis gatanasTan dakavSirebuli momsaxurebiT, vidre qali (kaci - 87%, qali - 85%).

narCenebis gatana centralizebulad narCenebis gatanis momsaxurebiT ukmayofileba

Tbilisi

aWara

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

qvemo qarTli

raWa-leCxumi

samcxe-javaxeTi


Sida qarTli

2013 71

5.5.6. dasufTaveba

dasufTavebis Sesaxeb kiTxvebi mxolod qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi daisva. rogorc aRmoCnda, 75%-is SemTxvevaSi qalaqis/dabis tipis dasaxlebebSi (79%) quCebi yoveldRiurad sufTaveba. dasufTavebis xarisxiT ukmayofilo adamianebis wili ki 4%-s ar scildeba.

rac Seexeba regionebs, Sida qarTlis mosaxleobis 89% acxadebs, rom maT dasaxlebaSi quCebi ar sufTavdeba. sxva regionebTan SedarebiT maRali maCveneblebiT aRniSnuli momsaxurebis arqonas uCivis samcxe-javaxeTi (71%) da guria (55%). miuxedavad imisa, rom aWaraSi sul mcire yovel or dReSi erTxel sufTavdeba quCebi, sxva regionebTan SedarebiT maRalia TveSi erTxel quCebis dasufTavebis precedenti (18%), TveSi erTxel quCebis dasufTavebis maRali maCvenebeli fiqsirdeba samegreloSic (16%).

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula dasufTavebis samsaxuris momsaxurebiT kmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT. odnav ufro meti gamokiTxuli mamakaci afiqsirebs kmayofilebas dasufTavebis samsaxuris momsaxurebiT, vidre qali (kaci - 84%, qali - 82%).

5.6. gzebi

respondentebma yvelaze cudad maT dasaxlebaTa SigniT gadasaadgilebeli gzebi Seafases (Sida gzebi cud mdgomareobaSia - 53%), xolo yvelaze dadebiTi Sefaseba avtomagistralebs ergo wilad (88%). aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentTa umravlesobam aseve kargad Seafasa maT dasaxlebebTan misasvleli gare gzebi da sazogadoebrivi transportis moZraobis sixSire (72%, 73%). gamokiTxulaTa 60%-Tvis aseve xelmisawvdomia sazogadoebrivi transportis Rirebuleba.

yvelaze cudi mdgomareoba SuqniSnebis, sagzao niSnebisa da saxlebis numeraciis TvalsazrisiT dafiqsirda - (ar aris SuqniSnebi - 50%, sagzao niSnebi - 33%, numeracia - 39%). yoveli mexuTe gamokiTxuli aseve acxadebs, rom maT dasaxlebebSi quCa ganaTebuli ar aris (26%).

maRalmTian regionebSi sagzao infrastruqturis TvalsazrisiT bevrad cudi mdgomareoba gamovlinda, vidre sxva zonebSi. maRalmTian dasaxlebebSi respondentebis absoluturi umravlesoba acxadebs, rom maTi dasaxlebebis Sida gzebi cud mdgomareobaSia (84%). am zonaSi dasaxlebebamde misasvleli gare gzebic umetesobam cudad Seafasa (69%). sxva regionebis gamokiTxul mosaxleobasTan SedarebiT, maRalmTian soflebSi mcxovrebTa didma nawilma aseve cudad Seafasa sazogadoebrivi transportis moZraobis sixSire da misi safasuris xelmisawvdomoba (45%, 47%). unda aRiniSnos, rom es monacemi raWis mosaxleobaSi Catarebulma fokusurma jgufurma diskusiamac daadastura, sadac jgufis monawileTa umravlesoba sazogadoebrivi transportis moZraobis sixSiresa da maRal safasurs uCioda.7

maRalmTiani regionebis dasaxlebebSi respondentTa umetesobis sityvebiT ar aris SuqniSnebi da saxlebis numeracia (80%, 76%). maRalmTiani regionebis mosaxleobis didi nawili uCivis sagzao niSnebisa da quCis ganaTebis arqonas (63%, 62%). (ixileT grafiki #44).

7 ixileT qveTavi ganaTleba - Tvisebrivi kvlevis monacemi


72

grafiki #44 - sagzao infrastruqturis mdgomareoba maRalmTian da aramaRalmTian zonebSi


rac Seexeba regionebs, aRmoCnda, rom gzebis TvalsazrisiT Tbilisis Sida da qalaqTan Semosasvleli gzebi yvelaze karg mdgomareobaSia (75%, 87%). Sida qarTlSi gamokiTxulTa absoluturi umravlesobis Tanaxmad, mocemul regionSi avtomagistralebi karg mdgomareobaSia (97%). Sida gzebis mdgomareoba yvelaze cudad samcxe-javaxeTSi mcxovrebma respondentebma Seafases (87%). gare gzebi da avtomagistralebi yvelaze cudad raWa-leCxumSi gamokiTxulTa mier Sefasda (56%, 29%). sagzao niSnebis, numeraciis, SuqniSnebisa da gare ganaTebis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze kargi mdgomareoba TbilisSi dafiqsirda. dasaxlebebSi sagzao niSnebis raodenobiT yvelaze nakleb kmayofili kaxeTSi mcxovrebi respondentia (20%), SuqniSnebis funqcionirebiT yvelaze nakleb kmayofili respondenti imereTSi (22%), gare ganaTebiT - samegreloSi (28%), xolo saxlebis numeraciiT - qvemo qarTlSi dafiqsirda (28%). (ixileT cxrilebi #15 da #16).

cudi

aramaRalmTiani zona maRalmTiani zona

cudikargi kargiar aris ar aris

Sida gzebi

gare gzebi

avtomagistralebi

sazogadoebrivi transporti

transportisRirebuleba

sagzao niSnebi

SuqniSnebi

quCis ganaTeba

saxlebis numeracia

2013 73

cxrili #15 - gzebis mdgomareobisa da sazogadoebrivi transportis moZraobis sixSiris Sefaseba regionebis mixedviT

Sida gzebi gare gzebi avtomagistr. sazogadoeb. transporti

transportis Rirebuleba

c

ud

i

kar

gi

ar a

ris

cu

di

kar

gi

ar a

ris

cu

di

kar

gi

ar a

ris

cu

di

kar

gi

ar a

ris

cu

di

kar

gi

ar a

ris

Tbilisi 25% 75% 0% 13% 87% 0% 4% 84% 13% 27% 72% 1% 50% 49% 2%

aWara 32% 66% 1% 21% 78% 1% 5% 94% 2% 21% 78% 1% 15% 79% 6%

guria 67% 33% 0% 44% 56% 0% 6% 94% 0% 16% 70% 15% 18% 80% 1%

imereTi 55% 45% 0% 32% 68% 0% 14% 86% 0% 22% 71% 7% 33% 66% 1%

kaxeTi 72% 28% 1% 15% 85% 0% 3% 92% 5% 9% 79% 13% 22% 76% 3%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

72% 28% 0% 39% 61% 0% 16% 84% 1% 14% 77% 9% 52% 47% 1%

qvemo qarTli 81% 19% 0% 37% 63% 0% 3% 97% 0% 28% 68% 5% 33% 67% 0%

raWa-leCxumi 71% 29% 0% 56% 44% 0% 29% 70% 1% 37% 41% 22% 44% 54% 2%

samcxe-javaxeTi 87% 13% 1% 51% 49% 0% 21% 78% 2% 29% 48% 23% 38% 62% 1%


65% 35% 0% 38% 62% 0% 10% 88% 2% 15% 82% 3% 8% 90% 2%

Sida qarTli 53% 47% 0% 27% 73% 0% 7% 93% 0% 15% 84% 1% 26% 73% 1%


cxrili #16 - sagzao niSnebis, saxlebis numeraciis, SuqniSnebis funqcionirebisa da quCis ganaTebis mdgomareobis Sefaseba regionebis mixedviT

sagzao niSnebi SuqniSnebi ganaTeba saxlebis numeracia

cu

di

kar

gi

ar a

ris

cu

di

kar

gi

ar a

ris

cu

di

kar

gi

ar a

ris

cu

di

kar

gi

ar a

ris

Tbilisi 11% 84% 5% 10% 85% 4% 1% 99% 0% 25% 75% 1%

aWara 11% 53% 36% 9% 50% 41% 6% 61% 33% 4% 56% 40%

guria 11% 30% 59% 5% 7% 89% 8% 45% 46% 10% 16% 74%

imereTi 20% 39% 41% 22% 25% 53% 27% 49% 24% 24% 39% 38%

kaxeTi 20% 36% 44% 8% 6% 86% 13% 65% 23% 13% 18% 69%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 9% 24% 67% 1% 1% 99% 4% 41% 55% 18% 12% 70%

qvemo qarTli 10% 30% 61% 10% 18% 72% 11% 40% 49% 28% 17% 56%

raWa-leCxumi 7% 29% 64% 2% 7% 91% 9% 42% 49% 5% 17% 79%

samcxe-javaxeTi 18% 39% 43% 8% 10% 81% 15% 34% 51% 13% 27% 60%


13% 60% 28% 9% 37% 54% 28% 53% 19% 25% 36% 39%

Sida qarTli 16% 56% 28% 13% 25% 62% 5% 35% 60% 13% 26% 61%



74

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula sagzao infrastruqturis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, gamovlinda garkveuli tendenciebi: ufro meti gamokiTxuli qali afasebs dadebiTad sazogadoebrivi transportis moZraobis sixSires, quCebis ganaTebasa da saxlebis numeracias, vidre kaci (moZraobis sixSire: kaci - 70%, qali - 75%; quCebis ganaTeba: kaci - 59%, qali - 64%; saxlebis numeracia: kaci - 39%, qali - 44%). (ixileT grafiki #45).

grafiki #45 - sagzao infrastruqturis mdgomareobis Sefaseba qali-kacis WrilSi


5.7. sxvadasxva momsaxurebebi

5.7.1. dasaxlebebis dagegmareba

mxolod qalaqSi mcxovrebi respondentebi afasebdnen kmayofilebas maTi sacxovrebeli qalaqebis urbanuli dagegmarebis Sesaxeb. aRsaniSnavia, rom gamokiTxulTa umetesoba kmayofilia maTi qalaqebis urbanuli dagegmarebiT (54%). Tumca, gamokiTxulTa 37% ukmayofilebas afiqsirebs.

yvela tipis dasaxlebis respondentebi afasebdnen maTi sacxovrebeli qalaqebis/soflebis mSeneblobis regulaciiTa da keTilmowyobiT kmayofilebas. mSeneblobis regulaciiT kmayofilebas afiqsirebs gamokiTxulTa maRali procenti, Tumca, ukmayofiloTa ricxvic

cudi

qali kaci

cudikargi kargiar aris ar aris

Sida gzebi

gare gzebi

avtomagistralebi

sazogadoebrivi transporti

transportisRirebuleba

sagzao niSnebi

SuqniSnebi

quCis ganaTeba

saxlebis numeracia

2013 75

maRalia (kmayofili - 41%, ukmayofilo - 36%). dasaxlebebis keTilmowyobiT ufro meti respondentia ukmayofilo. Tumca, gamokiTxulTa didi nawili kmayofilebasac afiqsirebs (kmayofili - 41%, ukmayofilo - 45%). (ixileT grafiki #46).

qalaqSi ufro metia kmayofili dasaxlebaSi mSeneblobis regulaciiTa da keTilmowyobiT, vidre sofelSi (qalaqi - 50%-53%, sofeli - 32%-28%).

grafiki #46 - mSeneblobis regulaciiT da keTilmowyobiT kmayofileba


qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula urbanuli dagegmarebis, mSeneblobisa da keTilmowyobis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT. gamokiTxuli qalebisa da mamakacebis TiTqmis identuri wili afiqsirebs kmayofilebas maTi dasaxlebebis keTilmowyobiTa da urbanuli dagegmarebiT (keTilmowyoba: kaci - 41%, qali - 41%; urbanuli dagegmareba: kaci - 55%, qali - 54%). odnav ufro meti gamokiTxuli qali gamoxatavs kmayofilebas maT dasaxlebebSi mSeneblobis regulaciiT, vidre kaci (kaci - 39%, qali - 43%). (ixileT grafiki #47).

grafiki #47 - mSeneblobis regulaciiT kmayofileba kaci-qalis WrilSi



mSeneblobis regulacia

keTilmowyoba


qali

kaci


76

5.7.2. turizmi

respondentebis mxolod 29%-ma ganacxada, rom turizmi maT raionSi ganviTarebulia. aRniSnul raionebSi acxadeben, rom maT dasaxlebas bevri turisti stumrobs (25%), xolo mosaxleobis naxevari Tvlis, rom maT raionSi turistebis sakmao raodenoba Camodis (51%). im respondentTa umetesoba, romelTa raionebSic turizmi aqtualuria, miiCnevs, rom maTi dasaxlebebis infrastruqtura turistebis arsebuli nakadis misaRebad met-naklebad gamarTulia. yoveli mexuTe Tvlis, rom infrastruqtura sruliad gamarTulia da mxolod 9% miiCnevs arsebul infrastruqturas turistebis misaRebad sruliad gaumarTavad. turistebis nakadi dasaxlebebSi yvelaze meti zafxulis sezonzea (74%).

regionebs Soris umetesad kaxeTSi, Tbilissa da aWaraSi mcxovrebma respondentebma ganacxades, rom turizmi maT regionebSi aqtualuria (58%, 50%, 51%). aRsaniSnavia, rom qvemo qarTlis im mcire nawilSic, romelsac turistebi stumroben, arsebuli infrastruqtura maT misaRebad sruliad gaumarTavia (56%).

5.7.3. soflis meurneoba

mxolod soflis tipis dasaxlebebSi mcxovrebi mosaxleoba afasebda maTi raionisaTvis soflis meurneobis prioritetulobas. gamokiTxulTa absoluturma umravlesobam ganacxada, rom es sfero maTTvis prioritetulia (95%). umravlesobis azriT, maT raions saxelmwifos mxridan aqvs xelSewyoba soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis kuTxiT (81%). yvelaze xSirad saxelmwifos mier gaweul daxmarebebSi dasaxelda miwis damuSavebisa da teqnikis daqiravebis vauCerebi (80%). respondentTa naxevarma aseve daasaxela daxmarebebi sasuqiT da pesticidebiT momaragebaze (50%). gamokiTxulTa 28% sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis daqiravebaze saxelmwifo daxmarebasac aRniSnavs.

kvlevis farglebSi gamokiTxuli soflis tipis dasaxlebebSi mcxovreb respondetTa absoluturi umravlesobisaTvis (89%) saxelmwifos mier miwodebuli agronomis momsaxureba xelmisawvdomi ar aris. aRsaniSnavia, rom gamokiTxulTa 11%-Tvis arcerTi CamoTvlili saxelmwifo daxmareba ar aRmoCnda xelmisawvdomi (agronomis momsaxureba, sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis daqiraveba, saTesle-sanerge produqcia, sasuqi/pesticidebi da vauCeri miwis-damuSavebisaTvis/teqnikisaTvis).

regionebis kuTxiT Semdegi suraTi miviReT: agronomis momsaxurebaze raWa-leCxumsa da samcxe-javaxeTSi gamokiTxul arcerT respondents ar miuwvdeba xeli. mcxeTa-mTianeTsa da Sida qarTlSic absoluturma umravlesobam igive ganacxada (97%, 98%). mcxeTa-mTianeTsa da Sida qarTlSi aseve Zalian mcire gamokiTxuls hqonda Sexeba saTesle-sanerge produqciasTan (saTesle-sanerge produqcia xelmisawvdomi ar aris mcxeTa-mTianeTSi 96% da Sida qarTlSi 98%-Tvis). (ixileT grafiki #48).

2013 77

agronomis momsaxureba sasuqi, pesticidebi

sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis daqiraveba vauCerebi miwis damuSavebaze/teqnikaze

saTesle-sanerge produqcia

aWara

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

qvemo qarTli

raWa-leCxumi

samcxe-javaxeTi


Sida qarTli

grafiki #48 - saxelmwifo daxmarebebi soflis meurneobaSi, romelic ar aris xelmisawvdomi sofelSi mcxovreb respondentTaTvis regionebis mixedviT


yvela gaweul daxmarebaze gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba ZiriTadad kmayofilebas afiqsirebs. gamokiTxulTa absoluturi umravlesoba kmayofilia saxelmwifos mier sasuqi/pesticidebiT momaragebis kuTxiT gaweuli daxmarebiT (93%). respondentTa umetesoba aseve kmayofilia darigebuli sasoflo-sameurneo vauCerebiTa da teqnikis daqiravebis SesaZleblobiT (86%, 79%).

maRalmTian regionebSi yoveli meoTxe respondenti fiqrobs, rom maT raionebs ar aqvs xelSewyoba saxelmwifos mxridan (maRalmTiani - 25%, aramaRalmTiani - 14%). aRsaniSnavia, rom sasoflo-sameurneo iaraRebiT daxmareba ramdenime respondentma mxolod maRalmTian regionebSi daafiqsira. agronomis momsaxurebiT maRalmTian regionebSi gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba kmayofilebas afiqsirebs, maSin, rodesac sxva zonebSi gamokiTxulTa mxolod naxevaria kmayofili (maRalmTiani - 81%, aramaRalmTiani - 47%. (ixileT grafiki #49).


78

grafiki #49 - daxmarebebiT kmayofileba maRalmTian da aramaRalmTian regionebSi

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula saxelmwifos mier soflis meurneobis sferoSi ganxorcielebuli daxmarebebiT kmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, gamoikveTa garkveuli tendenciebi: gamokiTxuli qalebis ufro meti raodenoba acxadebs, rom kmayofilia sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis daqiravebisa da miwis damuSavebaze gacemuli vauCeris sakiTxSi saxelmwifos mier gaweuli daxmarebiT, vidre mamakaci (teqnikis daqiraveba: kaci - 75%, qali - 84%; vauCeri: kaci - 84%, qali - 89%). (ixileT grafiki #50).

grafiki #50 - soflis meurneobaSi saxelmwifos daxmarebebiT kmayofileba qali-kacis WrilSi

ukmayofilo

aramaRalmTiani zona maRalmTiani zona

agronomis momsaxureba N=127

sasoflo-sameurneo teqnika N=386

saTesle-sanerge produqcia N=259

sasuqi, pesticidebi N=813

vauCerebi miwis damuSavebaze/teqnikaze

N=1464

kompensacia stiqiis gamo N=8

sawamli aparati N=1

sasoflo sameurneo iaraRebi N=12

kmayofili ar vici

ukmayofilo

qali kaci

agronomis momsaxureba N=127

sasoflo-sameurneo teqnika N=386

saTesle-sanerge produqcia N=259

sasuqi, pesticidebi N=813

vauCerebi miwis damuSavebaze/teqnikaze

N=1464

kmayofili ar vici

2013 79

5.7.4. sairigacio sistema

rogorc kvlevis Sedegebma cxadyo, mosaxleobis mxolod 8%-s aqvs centraluri sairigacio sistema, es wili ZiriTadad sofelSi mcxovreb mosaxleobaze modis (15%), sofelSi 81%-s ar aqvs, 1%-s ki ar sWirdeba sarwyavi wyali. qalaqSi mcxovrebTagan mxolod 2%-s aqvs aRniSnuli sistema, 49%-s ar aqvs, xolo 42%-s ar sWirdeba.

sagulisxmoa, rom regionebs Soris aWaraSi, guriasa da raWa-svaneTSi saerTod ar fiqsirdeba sairigacio sistema. yvelaze karg mdgomareobaSi ki am mxriv Sida da qvemo qarTlia, sadac mosaxleobis 29%-sa da 21%-s miuwvdeba xeli centralur sarwyav wyalze. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos umetes nawilSi adgilobrivi klimatidan gamomdinare sairigacio sistema naklebad saWiroa. Sesabamisad, bevrad ufro sagulisxmoa mcxeTa-mTianeTis Sedegebi, sadac mosaxleobis mxolod 5%-s aqvs xelmisawvdomoba sarwyav sistemaze.

regionebs Soris yvelaze naklebad sairigacio sistemis saWiroeba Tbiliss aqvs, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos regionebSi ki sarwyavi wyali met-naklebad yvelgan sWirdebaT, Tumca, mosaxleobis mcire nawils miuwvdeba xeli. (ixileT cxrili #17).

cxrili #17 - gaqvT Tu ara centralizebuli sairigacio sistema?

diax ara ar sWirdeba uari pasuxze ar vici

Tbilisi 2% 24% 67% 0% 7%

aWara 0% 75% 21% 0% 4%

guria 0% 89% 10% 0% 1%

imereTi 4% 92% 4% 0% 1%

kaxeTi 16% 63% 12% 0% 9%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 5% 92% 3% 0% 0%

qvemo qarTli 21% 66% 13% 0% 0%

raWa,svaneTi 0% 100% 0% 0% 0%

samcxe-javaxeTi 13% 76% 3% 1% 6%

samegrelo, zemo svaneTi 1% 82% 5% 0% 13%

Sida qarTli 29% 66% 1% 0% 4%



80

maRalmTiani soflebis 93%-s ar aqvs sairigacio sistema. Tumca, raWa-leCxumis klimatis gaTvaliswinebiT unda vivaraudod, rom sarwyavi sistemis saWiroeba yvelgan erTnairi ar aris.

maT Soris visac aqvs sairigacio sistema, 67% acxadebs, rom sistema gamarTulad muSaobs. sistema absoluturad gamarTulia qalaqis mosaxleobis 22%-Tvis, sapirispirod soflis mosaxleobisa 30%-isa, romelic acxadebs, rom sistema gaumarTavia.

mosaxleobis im nawilisaTvis, romelsac miuwvdeba xeli centralur sarwyav sistemaze, sarwyav wyalSi gadaxdili fasi misaRebia (48%). aRsaniSnavia, rom qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi umetesad gauWirdaT sairigacio sistemiT sargeblobis safasuris Sesaxeb azris gamoTqma (ar vici/miWirs pasuxi - 59%), xolo sofelSi mcxovrebTa umetesoba Tvlis, rom misaRebia am momsaxurebaSi gadaxdili safasuri (50%).

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula sairigacio sistemis gamarTulobiT kmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, gamoikveTa garkveuli tendenciebi: gamokiTxuli kacebis ufro meti raodenoba acxadebs, rom maT dasaxlebebSi arsebuli sairigacio sistema gaumarTavia, vidre qali. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom arcerT gamokiTxul mamakacs ar gasWirvebia sistemis gamarTulobis Sefaseba. (ixileT grafiki #51).

grafiki #51- sairigacio sistemis gamarTulobis Sefaseba qali-kacis WrilSi

ufaso iuridiuli momsaxureba

respondentTa mxolod 16% acxadebs, rom maT raionSi xelmisawvdomia ufaso iuridiuli daxmareba. am respondnetTa mxolod 10%-ma isargebla ufaso iuridiuli daxmarebiT da maTi absoluturi umravlesoba kmayofilia servisis operatiulobiT, personalis kvalifikaciiTa da zogadad, gaweuli momsaxurebiT.

qali

kaci

absoluturad gaumarTavia

absoluturad gamarTulia

gaumarTavia

gamarTulia

miWirs Sefaseba

2013 81

qalaqi-soflis WrilSi aRsaniSnavia, rom qalaqSi mcxovreb respondentTa mexuTedi acxadebs, rom maT raionSi ufaso iuridiuli daxmarebis servisi funqcionirebs, maSin, rodesac sofelSi mcxovreb gamokiTxulTa mxolod 11% afiqsirebs igives.

maRalmTian regionebSi ufro naklebi respondenti acxadebs, rom maT raionSi ufaso iuridiuli daxmareba moqmedebs, vidre sxva zonebSi mcxovrebi respondentebi (maRalmTiani - 7%, aramaRalmTiani - 17%).

regionis WrilSi Tbilissa da Sida qarTlSi gamokiTxulTa yvelaze didi nawili acxadebs, rom maT raionebSi ufaso iuridiuli daxmareba xelmisawvdomia (25%, 27%). am mxriv yvelaze cudi mdgomareobaa samcxe-javaxeTsa da samegreloSi, sadac gamokiTxulTa Zalian mcire nawilma ganacxada igive (7%). (ixileT grafiki #52).

grafiki #52 - saxelmwifo iuridiuli daxmarebis xelmisawvdomoba raionSi da mocemuli momsaxurebiT sargeblobis praqtika regionebis mixedviT

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula ufaso iuridiuli momsaxurebiT kmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, gamoikveTa garkveuli tendenciebi: yvela gamokiTxulma mamakacma ganacxada, rom rom kmayofilia gawuli iuridiuli momsaxurebiT. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom arcerT gamokiTxul qals ar gasWirvebia miRebuli iuridiuli momsaxurebis Sefaseba. (ixileT grafiki #53).

sargeblobaxelmisawvdomoba

Tbilisi

aWara

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

qvemo qarTli

raWa-leCxumi

samcxe-javaxeTi


Sida qarTli


82

grafiki #53 - ufaso iuridiuli momsaxurebiT kmayofileba qali-kacis WrilSi

kvlevis farglebSi Sefasda sxvadasxva iuridiuli momsaxurebiT sargebloba, momsaxurebas respondentebi winaswar Camowerili siidan arCevdnen.

rogorc aRmoCnda, mosaxleobis 55%-s CamoTvlili momsaxurebebidan arc erTiT ar usargeblia, 30%-ma aiRo an ganaaxla piradobis mowmoba, 13%-ma isargebla notariuli momsaxurebiT.

zogadad, qalaqis mosaxleobaSi ufro metad SeiniSneba aqtiuroba iuridiuli momsaxurebebiT sargeblobis mxriv, vidre soflis (momsaxurebebis CamonaTvali da procentuli gadanawileba ixileT cxrilSi #18).

cxrili #18 - gisargebliaT Tu ara qvemoT CamoTlili momsaxurebebiT?

qalaqi sofeli sul

arcerTiT ar misargeblia 50% 61% 55%

piradobis mowmoba 32% 28% 30%

notariusis momsaxureba 18% 7% 13%

sakuTrebis registracia 15% 7% 11%

marTvis mowmoba 11% 7% 10%

sajaro informaciis gamoTxova 8% 2% 5%

gadasaxadebis deklaraciis Cabareba 5% 2% 3%

arqivis momsaxureba 4% 3% 3%

licenziis/nebarTvis gacema 2% 2% 2%


qali

kaci

Zalian ukmayofilo ukmayofilo kmayofili Zalian kmayofili miWirs Sefaseba

2013 83

regionebs Soris iuridiuli momsaxurebebiT sargeblobis mxriv pasiuroba SeimCneva raWa-svaneTSi (74%), Sida qarTlsa (73%) da samcxe-javaxeTSi (71%). piradobis mowmobis aRebis mxriv aqtiuroba SeiniSneba qvemo qarTlSi (55%).

iuridiuli servisebiT mosargeble pirebi ar uCivian arc saWiro sabuTisa Tu monacemebis droulad miRebas da arc Sesabamis dawesebulebaTa adgilmdebareobas.

zogadad, adamianebi kmayofili arian miRebuli momsaxurebiT, sxvebTan SedarebiT dabali kmayofilebiis doniT SesaZloa sakuTrebis registraciis procedura gamoiyos. aRniSnuli momsaxurebiT ukmayofilo 13%-ia, xolo mis safasurs Zvirad miiCnevs 25%.

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula iuridiuli momsaxurebebiT kmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, gamoikveTa garkveuli tendenciebi: licenziis gacemiT, sakuTrebis registraciiT, notariusisa da arqivis momsaxurebiT ufro meti gamokiTxuli mamakaci afiqsirebs kmayofilebas, vidre qali. xolo gadasaxadebis deklaraciis Cabarebisas da sajaro informaciis gamoTxovisas miRebuli servisiT ufro meti gamokiTxuli qalia kmayofili, vidre kaci. (ixileT grafiki #54).

grafiki #54 - sxvadasxva iuridiuli momsaxurebiT kmayofileba qali-kacis WrilSi

sakuTrebis registraciis safasurTan dakavSirebuli informacia msgavsia monacemebis sxvadasxva parametrebiT gaanalizebis drosac, Tumca momsaxurebaTa safasurs, respondentebis naxevarze meti mainc misaRebad aRiqvams. (ixileT cxrili #19).

ukmayofilo

qali kaci

kmayofili miWirs Sefaseba

licenziis/nebarTvis gacema

piradobis mowmoba

marTvis mowmoba

sakuTrebis registracia

gadasaxadebis deklaraciis Cabareba

notariusis momsaxureba

arqivis momsaxureba

sajaro informaciis gamoTxova


84

cxrili #19 - ramdenad misaRebi iyo gaweuli momsaxurebis safasuri?

Zviri misaRebi iafi miWirs

pasuxi N

licenziis/nebarTvis gacema 5% 88% 1% 6% 35

piradobis mowmoba 24% 66% 6% 4% 882

marTvis mowmoba 18% 76% 5% 1% 221

sakuTrebis registracia 25% 66% 3% 6% 332

gadasaxadebis deklaraciis Cabareba 8% 84% 2% 7% 81

notariusis momsaxureba 18% 76% 4% 2% 372

arqivis momsaxureba 22% 66% 7% 6% 105

sajaro informaciis gamoTxovna 12% 78% 1% 10% 133

rogorc aRmoCnda, sajaro tenderebSi, auqcionebsa da SesyidvebSi gamokiTxulTagan sul 21 adamianma miiRo monawileoba. respondentebi ZiriTadad TbilisSi mcxovrebi moqalaqeebi iyvnen. isini sajaro tenders, auqcionsa da Sesyidvebs ZiriTadad gamWvirvaled da samarTlianad miiCneven. monacemTa simciris procentuli ganawilebis gaanalizeba mizanSewonili ar aris.

5.7.5. usafrTxoeba

mosaxleobis 85%-s miaCnia, rom maT dasaxlebaSi usafrTxoeba daculia, es ganwyoba TiTqmis umniSvnelod gasxvavdeba qalaqisa da soflis mosaxleobaSi, Tavs daculad soflis mcxovrebTa 90%, qalaqis ki - 82% miiCnevs.

maRalmTian soflebSic mosaxleobis 90% Tavs sakmaod usafrTxod grZnobs.

rogorc kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, mosaxleoba erT-erT yvelaze gavrcelebul problemad alkoholis moxmarebas miiCnevs. (ixileT grafiki #55).

2013 85

grafiki #55 - ramdenad gavrcelebulia TiToeuli problema Tqvens dasaxlebaSi?


rogorc aRmoCnda, alkoholis moxmareba qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi ufro gavrcelebulad miaCniaT, vidre soflis. regionebs Soris aRsaniSnavia Tbilisisa da mcxeTa-mTianeTisa maRali procentebi. umniSvnelod gansxvavdeba qalisa da kacis Sexedulebebi aRniSnuli problemis gavrcelebasTan dakavSirebiT. (ixileT cxrili #20).

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula problemebis gavrcelebis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, gamoikveTa garkveuli tendenciebi: ufro meti gamokiTxuli mamakaci acxadebs, rom maT dasaxlebaSi wvrilmani xulignoba saerTod ar aris an iSviaTia, vidre qali (kaci - 92%, qali - 88%).

cxrili #20 - ramdenad gavrcelebulia alkoholis moxmareba Tqvens dasaxlebaSi?

iSviaTia an saerTod ar aris

sakmaod an Zalian

gavrcelebuliaar vici

qalaqi 65% 29% 7%

sofeli 81% 18% 1%

maRalmTiani soflebi 90% 10% 0.5%

sxva dasaxlebebi 70% 25% 5%

Tbilisi 51% 37% 12%

aWara 90% 7% 4%

Zarcva / yaCaRoba

narkotikebis moxmareba

alkoholis moxmareba

wvrilmani xulignoba

Zaladoba ojaxSi

ganqorwineba

iSviaTia an saerTod ar aris sakmaod an Zalian gavrcelebulia ar vici


86

guria 79% 20% 1%

imereTi 87% 11% 2%

kaxeTi 65% 34% 1%



raWa/svaneTi 86% 13% 1%


samegrelo/zemo svaneTi 67% 32% 1%


qali 73% 21% 6%

kaci 71% 27% 2%


rac Seexeba saxanZro da samaSvelo samsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobas, aRmoCnda, rom mosaxleobis 22%-is SemTxvevaSi arc erTi servisi ar aris xelmisawvdomi. xelmisawvdomobis mxriv regionebs Soris yvelaze cudi mdgomareoba qvemo qarTlSia (41%).

maRalmTiani soflebis 75%-Si xelmisawvdomia saxanZro da 62%-Si samaSvelo samsaxuri.

grafikSi warmodgenilia aRniSnuli servisebis xelmisawvdomoba, mosaxleobis mier maTi gamoyeneba, servisebis mier gaweuli drouli daxmareba da aRmoCenili daxmarebiT mosaxleobis kmayofilebis xarisxi. (ixileT grafiki #56).

grafiki #56 - samaSvelo da saxanZro samsaxuri


samaSvelo samsaxuri

saxanZro samsaxuri

xelmisawvdomoba sargebloba drouli daxmareba kmayofileba

2013 87

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula samaSvelo da saxanZro samsaxurebis momsaxurebis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, gamoikveTa garkveuli tendenciebi: odnav meti gamokiTxuli qali afiqsirebs kmayofilebas saxanZro samsaxuris mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebebiT, vidre kaci (kaci - 74%, qali - 77%). aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom odnav meti qali acxadebs, rom ukmayofiloa samaSvelo samsaxuris momsaxurebiT, vidre kaci (kaci - 3%, qali - 6%).

5.7.6. eleqtronuli servisebi

mosaxleobis 68% ar flobs informacias eleqtronuli servisebis Sesaxeb. servisebis Sesaxeb informirebuli respondenti qalaqis tipis dasaxlebaSi ufro metia (42%), vidre soflis (21%). regionebs Sorisac yvelaze maRali informirebulobiT Tbilisi gamoirCeva (55%). eletronuli servisebis Sesaxeb informaciis flobis mxriv mciredi gansxvaveba SeiniSneba kacebsa da qalebs Soris - mamrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenlTa 36% flobs informacias servisis Sesaxeb. maSin, rodesac mdedrobiTi sqesis mxolod 29%-ia informirebuli servisis Sesaxeb. maRalmTian soflebSic mosaxleobis 69%-s ar smenia eleqtronuli servisebis Sesaxeb.

maT Soris, visac smenia eleqtronuli servisebis Sesaxeb, zogadad, mxolod 23%-ma isargebla aRniSnuli momsaxurebiT. sargeblobis wili ufro maRalia qalaqis tipis dasaxlebaSi (27%). sxvaoba SeiniSneba sqesis mixedviTac, servisis Sesaxeb informaciis mqone kacebis 26%-ma isargebla momsaxurebiT, xolo qalebis 20%-ma.

eleqtronuli servisiT mosargeble adamianebis umetesoba kmayofilia miRebuli momsaxurebiT (98%). qali-kacis WrilSi aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela gamokiTxuli mamakaci, vinc isargebla eleqtronuli servisiT, kmayofilia miRebuli momsaxurebiT (kaci - 100%, qali - 92%).

5.7.7. ekologia

mosaxleobis 28% Tvlis, rom haeri maT dasaxlebaSi dabinZurebulia, Tumca, aRsaniSnavia mosaxleobis is nawilic, romelic Tvlis, rom aRniSnuli problema maT dasaxlebaSi ar arsebobs. mosaxleobis naxevarze meti (54%) acxadebs, rom haeri maT dabinZurebulad ar miaCniaT. es maCvenebeli didwilad soflis mosaxleobaze modis (72%).

regionebs Soris Tbilisis 55%-s haeri dabinZurebulad miaCnia, raWaSi ki mosaxleobis 96% Tvlis, rom haeri sufTaa. zogadad maRalmTian soflebSi Tvlian, rom haeri dabinZurebuli ar aris (85%).

rogorc haeris, aseve niadagis dabinZurebis mxriv soflis mosaxleoba Tvlis, rom maT dasaxlebaSi es problema naklebad aqtualuria (74% - niadagi ar aris dabinZurebuli). regionebs Soris qvemo qarTlSi yvelaze metad eTanxmebian zemoT gamoTqmul mosazrebas (94%). sxva regionebTan SedarebiT guriis mosaxleoba yvelaze metad miiCnevs maT dasaxlebaSi arsebul niadags dabinZurebulad (28%).

analogiuri ganwyoba fiqsirdeba bunebrivi wylis rezervuarebis dabinZurebasTan dakavSirebiT. soflis mosaxleoba maT dasaxlebaSi arsebul wyals dabinZurebulad naklebad miiCnevs (63%), vidre qalaqis (34%).


88

mosaxleobis 51%-s miaCnia, rom saxelmwifo aranair RonisZiebas ar axorcielebs dabinZurebuli garemos aRsadgenad, 36%-s ki uWirs aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT azris gamoTqma.

mosaxleobis 8% Tvlis, rom mosaxleoba axorcielebs konkretul aqtivobebs dabinZurebuli garemos aRsadgenad, magaliTad, tyeSi xeebis Wraze SezRudvebisa da kontrolis daweseba (47%) da garemos drouli da efeqturi dasuTaveba (45%). aRniSnuli RonisZiebebiT mosaxleoba ZiriTadad kmayofilia (88%, 85%).

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula saxelmwifos mxridan ekologiuri problemebis mosagvareblad ganxorcielebuli aqtivobebis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, gamoikveTa garkveuli tendenciebi: gamokiTxuli qalebis ufro meti wili afiqsirebs kmayofilebas garemos drouli dasufTavebis, tyeSi xeebis Wraze SezRudvebisa da tyeebis gaSenebis kuTxiT saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli aqtivobebiT, vidre kaci (dasufTaveba: kaci - 79%, qali - 88%; xeebis Wraze SezRudva: kaci - 82%, qali - 94%; tyeebis gaSeneba: kaci - 72%, qali - 83%).

ekologiasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi ganixiles zugdidsa da bolnisSi Catarebul fokusur jgufebSic.

aRsaniSnavia, rom orive qalaqSi erT-erT problemad mdinaris dabinZureba daasaxeles. bolnisSi SeSfoTebas gamoTqvamen imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom mdinareSi sawarmoo narCenebi Caedineba da es SesaZloa saSiSi iyos mdinareSi mobanave bavSvebisaTvis. zugdidis SemTxvevaSi saubari iyo gare movaWreebze, romlebic ZiriTadad xidTan arian ganlagebuli da narCenebs mdinareSi yrian. monawileTa TqmiT, mdinare Zalze dabinZurebulia.

5.8. TviTmmarTvelobis momsaxurebis zogadi Sefaseba

5.8.1. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobiT kmayofileba/ndoba

kvlevis Sedegebma cxadyo, rom zogadad, yvela faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT, respondnetTa naxevari kmayofilia maT municipalitetTa sakrebulos/gamgeobis muSaobiT da amdenive gamoxatavs ndobas (51%, 52%). Tumca, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom yoveli mexuTe gamokiTxuli ukmayofilebasa da undoblobas afiqsirebs adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebis mimarT (21%). daaxloebiT yovel meoTxe gamokiTxuls uWirs Sefasebis gakeTeba kmayofilebasa da ndobasTan dakavSirebiT (27%). (ixileT grafiki #57).

regionis WrilSi raWa-leCxumis mosaxleoba yvelaze kmayofilia adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis saqmianobiT da yvelaze metad endoba mas (71%, 75%), xolo TbilisSi mcxovrebTa yvelaze maRali procenti afiqsirebs ukmayofilebasa da undoblobas (28%, 31%). (ixileT cxrili #21).

soflis rwmunebulTa mimarT kmayofilebasa da ndobas mxolod soflis mosaxleoba afasebda. gamokiTxulTa umetesoba kmayofilia maTi rwmunebulis muSaobiT da endoba mas (67%, 69%). yoveli meeqvse respondenti ukmayofilebas afiqsirebs soflis rwmunebulis muSaobasTan dakavSirebiT, xolo yoveli meSvide undoblobas (16%, 14%) gamoxatavs.

2013 89

aRsaniSnavia, rom gamokiTxulTa 18%-s uWirs soflis rwmunebulTa saqmianobis Sefaseba. (ixileT grafiki #58).

regionebs Soris aRsaniSnavia, rom samegrelo-zemo svaneTis mosaxleoba yvelaze kmayofilia soflis rwmunebulTa saqmianobiT da aseve yvelaze metad endoba maT (84%, 82%). ndobis aseTive maRali maCvenebeli gamovlinda raWa-leCxumisa da guriis regionebSic (82%). qvemo qarTlSi mcxovrebTa yvelaze maRali procenti afiqsirebs ukmayofilebasa da undoblobas soflis rwmunebulebisadmi (30%, 24%). (ixileT cxrili #21).

grafiki #57 - gamgeobiT/sakrebuloTi da soflis rwmunebuliT kmayofileba


grafiki #58 - gamgeobis/sakrebulos da soflis rwmunebulis mimarT ndoba


ukmayofilokmayofili miWirs Sefaseba

gamgeoba/sakrebulo

soflis rwmunebuli

ar vendobivendobi ar vici

gamgeoba/sakrebulo

soflis rwmunebuli


90

cxrili #21 - gamgeobisa da soflis rwmunebulis muSaobiT kmayofileba da maT mimarT ndoba regionebis mixedviT

gamgeobasoflis

rwmunebuligamgeoba

soflis rwmunebuli

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kmay

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end

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vend

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miW

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a

Tbilisi 28.4% 32.5% 39.1% 31.1% 29.5% 39.4%

aWara 19.9% 61.4% 18.7% 16.7% 74.5% 8.8% 18.0% 65.0% 17.0% 17.6% 76.4% 6.0%

guria 13.2% 60.6% 26.2% 7.0% 78.5% 14.5% 12.6% 62.8% 24.6% 5.8% 82.4% 11.80%

imereTi 25.4% 57.7% 16.9% 25.6% 64.4% 10.0% 22.4% 61.7% 15.9% 21.0% 66.8% 12.2%

kaxeTi 15.1% 56.4% 28.5% 11.1% 67.9% 21.0% 16.1% 57.9% 26.0% 11.8% 69.6% 18.6%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 21.4% 51.9% 26.7% 17.7% 55.8% 26.5% 20.2% 53.9% 25.9% 17.9% 55.3% 26.8%

qvemo qarTli 26.1% 53.3% 20.6% 29.7% 53.0% 17.3% 24.3% 57.8% 17.9% 24.1% 59.2% 16.7%

raWa-leCxumi 13.6% 71.3% 15.1% 10.7% 79.1% 10.2% 12.1% 75.2% 12.7% 9.4% 81.9% 8.7%

samcxe-javaxeTi 18.5% 62.6% 18.9% 17.5% 64.2% 18.3% 16.0% 64.5% 19.5% 15.8% 62.1% 22.1%


13.7% 62.5% 23.8% 4.9% 83.8% 11.3% 13.3% 60.5% 26.2% 4.0% 81.8% 14.2%

Sida qarTli 8.8% 51.9% 39.3% 1.6% 55.3% 43.1% 7.0% 53.9% 39.1% 1.6% 56.6% 41.8%

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula sakrebulos/gamgeobisa da soflis rwmunebulis muSaobis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, gamoikveTa garkveuli tendenciebi: gamokiTxuli mamakacebis ufro didi wili afiqsirebs kmayofilebasa da ndobas sakrebulos/gamgeobisa da soflis rwmunebulis muSaobiT, vidre qali (kmayofileba - sakrebulo/gamgeoba: kaci - 54%, qali - 49%; soflis rwmunebuli: kaci - 71%, qali - 63%). (ndoba - sakrebulo/gamgeoba: kaci - 54%, qali - 51%; soflis rwmunebuli: kaci - 72%, qali - 65%). (ixileT grafiki #59).

grafiki #59 - gamgeobiT/sakrebuloTi da soflis rwmunebuliT kmayofileba qali-kacis WrilSi


sakrebulo-gamgeoba

soflis rwmunebuli

ukmayofilo

qali kaci

kmayofili miWirs Sefaseba

2013 91

kvlevam cxadyo, rom saWiroa adgilobrivma TviTmmarTvelobebma gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas ufro metad gaiTvaliswinon mosaxleobis saWiroebebi. gamokiTxulTa umetesobam gasaumjobeseblad swored es parametri daasaxela (65%).

respondentebis TiTqmis naxevari fiqrobs, rom saWiroa meti biujetis gamoyofa municipalitetebis problemebis mosagvareblad (47%). gamokiTxulTa 45% mosaxleobasTan ufro xSiri Sexvedrebis saWiroebas xedavs, xolo 39% Tvlis, rom sakrebuloSi mimdinare procesebze mosaxleobis metad informirebaa saWiro. respondentTa 15% gasaumjobesebel parametrebSi raionis, TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlTa profesionalizmis amaRlebas asaxelebs. (ixileT grafiki #60).

grafiki #60 - ra unda gaaumjobesos adgilobrivma TviTmmarTvelobam




miuxedavad imisa, rom raWa-leCxumis regionSi raodenobriv kvlevaSi respondentTa didi raodenoba afiqsirebs kmayofilebas adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebiT, jgufur diskusiaze ambrolauris raionis soflebSi mosaxleobasTan ZiriTadad TviTmmarTvelobebTan mimarTebaSi ukmayofilebis mizezebze iyo saubari.

rogorc wesi, problemebis mosagvareblad ambrolauris soflebSi adgilobrivi mosaxleoba soflis rwmunebulebs mimarTavs. maTi sityvebiT, soflis rwmunebulebs informacia raionis gamgeobaSi miaqvT, magram, saboloo jamSi, problemebi mougvarebeli rCeba, an saqme uxarisxod keTdeba.

ufro metad gaiTvaliswinon adgilobrivi mosaxleobis saWiroebebi

meti biujeti gamoyon municipalitetis problemebis mosagvareblad

ufro xSiri Sexvedrebi moawyon mosaxleobasTan

mosaxleobis informireba moaxdinon mimdinare procesebze

unda aimaRlon profesionalizmi/kompetencia

sxva

ar vici/miWirs pasuxi


92

„Cems sofelSi mivmarTe rwmunebuls. me vuTxari, gakeTdes gzebic rogorc sxvagan keTdeba-Tqo. is gveubneba, ar aris proeqtSio. sxvisi Tu aris, Cveni rogor ar aris?“ [mamia, ambrolauris municipaliteti]

zeda da qvemo zonis soflebis mosaxleoba gansxvavebul mosazrebebs afiqsirebs. qvemo zonis soflidan jgufSi warmodgenili respondentebi kmayofili iyvnen TviTmmarTvelobebis saqmianobiT da kerZod, maTi soflisaTvis gakeTebuli saqmeebiT. zemo soflebis mcxovrebni ki ZiriTadad ukmayofilo iyvnen, radgan maTi moTxovnebi an ar kmayofildeba an, dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi, eWvqveS dgeba xarisxi.

„stadioni gvaqvs, centralizebuli wyalic gvaqvs. eklesiac aaSenes. ZiriTadad es aris. ase Tu ise, gzebic aris dagebuli.“ [irakli, ambrolauris municipaliteti]

„gzebi gakeTda, wylebi gakeTda... centraluri gzebi gakeTda da axlac mimdinareobs SekeTeba.“ [mamia, ambrolauris municipaliteti]

„Cems sofelSi - nikorwmindaSi Zalian bevri problema iyo. pirvel rigSi, wyali iyo problema da gakeTda, magram gakeTda uxarisxod. wyali gakeTda, gzebi gafuWda. im wyalSi 2 milion 200 aTasi daixarja... centralurze ki gakeTda, magram Sida saurmo gzebi gaafuWes.“ [manana, ambrolauris municipaliteti]

„yvelaze didi Tanxa soflebidan Sedis raionis biujetSi, ramdenime aTasi da aranairi daxmareba - ara transporti, ara sabavSvo baRi... arafers Cven ar gvikeTeben da TviTon iyeneben. raioni gamoakeTes, rom ityvian. soflebs aranairi yuradReba.“ [maia, ambrolauris municipaliteti]

ozurgeTis raionis soflebis mosaxleobasTan Catarebulma fokus jgufebma gamoavlina TviTmmarTvelobebiT ukmayofilebis mizezebi. jgufis monawileni ukmayofilebas gamoxatavdnen maTi problemebis ar mosmenisa da gauTvaliswineblobis gamo. maTi sityvebiT, ra problemebic ar unda daayenos sofelma, saboloo jamSi, arasakamarisi biujetis gamo, mxolod gzebisa da xidebis SekeTeba finansdeba. am infrastruqturis SekeTeba ki xdeba uxarisxod da arasafuZvlianad. Sesabamisad, mokle droSi isev ziandeba.

„Cveni sofeli darCa gazificirebis gareSe. Cven gancxadebac gvqonda Setanili, magram aravin mogvaqcia yuradReba.“ [ekaterine, ozurgeTis municipaliteti]

„zedamxedvelobis samsaxuri, romelic ibarebs gakeTebul samuSaoebs, ar ibarebs mas normalurad. araprofesionali akeTebs saqmeebs, ar aris daculi is teqnologiebi, rac saWiroa da gamodis saqme uxarisxod. standartebis dacva aris mTavari.“ [miSa, ozurgeTis municipaliteti]

„sofelma prioritetad rac airCia, imas met-naklebad akeTeben axla, me rac vici... adre iyo sul xidebi, xidebi, xidebi da mere kidec vTqviT, ramdenjer unda gakeTdes es xidebi-Tqo. ese igi, uxarisxod iyo gakeTebuli. yvela arCevnebze SeiZleba xidi gavakeToT?“ [ekaterine, ozurgeTis municipaliteti]

5.8.2. sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi mosaxleobis aqtiuroba

kvlevam cxadyo, rom gamokiTxulTa absoluturi umravlesoba sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi aqtiurad CarTuli ar aris (87%). im mcire nawils, visac bolo erTi wlis manZilze miuRia monawileoba sazogadoebriv aqtivobaSi, yvelaze ufro xSirad politikur an saganmanaTleblo Temaze gamarTul Sexvedras asaxelebs (93%). kvlevis Tanaxmad,

2013 93

CamoTvlil aqtivobebSi yvelaze ufro rTulad ganxorcielebadi peticiaze xelis mowera aRmoCnda (61%).

im respondentebma, romelTac scades, magram ver moaxerxes sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi CarTva, amis mizezebic daasaxeles. mizezad umetesad oficialuri struqturebis mxridan xelis SeSla dasaxelda. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom gamgeobis/sakrebulos biujetis ganxilvaze daswreba, ZiriTadad, piradi mizezebis gamo ver moaxerxes im gamokiTxulebma, visac hqonda amis survili da mzaoba (86%).

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula moqalaqeTa sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi aqtivobis kuTxiT. Tumca, gamoikveTa garkveuli tendenciebi: gamokiTxuli qalebis ufro didi wili acxadebs, rom bolo erTi wlis manZilze aranairi sazogadoebrivi aqtivoba ar ganuxocielebia, vidre kaci (kaci - 83%, qali - 90%).

5.8.3. mosaxleobis mimarTvianoba adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebTan

aRmoCnda, rom bolo 3 wlis manZilze yovel mexuTe respondents konkretuli problemiT erTxel mainc miumarTavs adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisaTvis (20%). aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentTa absolutur umravlesobas bolo wlebSi ar miumarTavs gamgeobebisa da sakrebuloebisaTvis (78%).

adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobasTan problemebiT mimarTvis TvalsazrisiT regionebs Soris yvelaze meti aqtiurobiT raWa-leCxumis mosaxleoba gamoirCeva (31%). aRsaniSnavia, rom mcxeTa-mTianeTSi mcxovreb respondentTa yvelaze mcire raodenobas miumarTavs maTi sakrebuloebisaTis/gamgeobebisaTvis bolo 3 wlis manZilze (15%).

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula. gamokiTxuli qalebi da mamakacebis TiTqmis identuri wili acxadebs, rom bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi miumarTavs sakrebulosaTvis/gamgeobisaTvis konkretuli problemis mogvarebis mizniT (kaci - 21%, qali - 20%).

mimarTvis sixSiris TvalsazrisiTac, respondentTa nawilmac, romelmac bolo 3 wlis manZilze mimarTa sakrebulos/gamgeobas, mxolod erTxel ganaxorciela mocemuli aqtivoba (42%), TiTqmis imave raodenobam sakrebulos/gamgeobas 2-3-jer mimarTa (39%). 4-5-jer an ufro xSirad es aqtivoba yovel meeqvse respondentma ganaxorciela (17%).

im respondentebis mesamedi, vinc sakrebulos/gamgeobis mimarTa problemis mogvarebis mizniT, acxadebs, rom maTi arcerTi problema adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier ar mogvarebula (35%). Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom gamokiTxulTa 28%-s mougvares is problema/problemebi, riTic mimarTes adgilobriv struqturebs. respondentebis 9% acxadebs, rom sakrebulos/gamgeobas hqonda mogvarebis mcdeloba, magram ver SeZlo garkveuli obieqturi mizezebis gamo. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom gamokiTxulTa 22%-s nawilobriv mougvares problemebi.

im respondentTa umravlesoba, visac bolo wlebSi adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobasTan mimarTvianobis praqtika hqonda, acxadebs, rom es sakmaod ioli proceduraa (71%). Tumca, yoveli mexuTe gamokiTxulis azriT, sakrebulosaTvis/gamgeobisaTvis mimarTvis procedurebi rTulia (21%). (ixileT grafiki #61).


94

grafiki #61 - adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebTan mimarTvianoba da Sedegebi


zogadad, respondentebSi azri municipalitetebis xelmZRvanelebis mosaxleobasTan urTierTobis efeqturobaze TiTqmis Tanabrad gaiyo. gamokiTxulTa naxevari pozitiurad afasebs am urTierTobis efeqturobas (50%), xolo 46% - uaryofiTad. respondentTa mcire nawils mocemul sakiTxze Sefasebis micema gauWirda (5%). (ixileT grafiki #62).

grafiki #62 - raionis xelmZRvanelobis mosaxleobasTan urTierTobis Sefaseba


regionis WrilSi yvelaze pozitiuri Sefasebebi mosaxleobasTan municipalitetis xelmZRvanelobis efeqtur urTierTobaze guriis respondentebis mier aris dafiqsirebuli (71%). municipalitetis urTierTobas mosaxleobasTan yvelaze araefeqturad TbilisSi mcxovrebi respondentebi afaseben (62%). aRsaniSnavia is faqtic, rom qvemo qarTlsa da imereTSi gamokiTxuli respondentebis TiTqmis naxevari araefeqturad miiCnevs raionis xelmZRvanelobis urTierTobas mosaxleobasTan (49%, 47%). (ixileT grafiki #63)

Zalian efeqturi

efeqturi

araefeqturi

Zalian araefeqturi

ar vici / miWirs pasuxi

mimarTvianoba problemis mogvareba martivi procedura

TviTmmarTvelobebi

2013 95

grafiki #63 - raionis xelmZRvanelobis mosaxleobasTan urTierTobis Sefaseba regionebis mixedviT


dasaxlebis tipis WrilSi gansxvavebebi dafiqsirda qalaqisa da soflis mosaxleobis pasuxebSi. qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi gamokiTxulTa umetesoba araefeqturad miiCnevs municipalitetis xelmZRvanelobis urTierTobas mosaxleobasTan (57%), maSin, rodesac soflis tipis dasaxlebaSi mcxovreb respondentTa umravlesoba pozitiurad afasebs moqalaqeebTan adgilobrivi xelmZRvanelebis urTierTobis efeqturobas (64%). (ixileT grafiki #64).

Tbilisi

aWara

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

qvemo qarTli

raWa-leCxumi

samcxe-javaxeTi


Sida qarTli

efeqturi araefeqturi miWirs Sefaseba


96

grafiki #64 - raionis xelmZRvanelobis mosaxleobasTan urTierTobis Sefaseba qalaqi/soflis WrilSi

qalaqis tipis dasaxleba soflis tipis dasaxleba


qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula. gamokiTxuli qalebisa da kacebis TiTqmis identuri wili acxadebs, rom maTi municipalitetebis xelmZRvaneloba efeqturad muSaobs (kaci - 50%, qali - 49%).


zugdidisa da bolnisis fokusur jgufebSi monawileebs adgilobriv TviTmmar Tve-lobebTan mimarTvis TvalsazrisiT, umetes SemTxvevaSi, raionis gamgeobasTan aqvT mimarTvianoba. mocemul jgufebSi met-naklebi kmayofileba dafiqsirda maTi problemebis mogvarebis TvalsazrisiT. procedurebic martivad miaCniaT. ukmayofileba gamoiTqva mxolod drosTan mimarTebaSi. rogorc jgufis monawileebi acxadeben, TiToeuli gancxadebis dakmayofilebas sakmaod didi dro sWirdeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavad jgufis monawileebi amarTlebdnen adgilobriv gamgeobebs da miaCndaT, rom mTavari problema Tanxebis gamoyofaa. Tanxebi ki, ZiriTadad, centridan iricxeba. amitom, droSi saqmeebis gawelvis ZiriTad mizezad is miaCniaT, rom Tavad gamgeobas ar aqvs finansebi an, xSir SemTxvevaSi, sakrebulozea damokidebuli.

„dedaCemma Seitana gancxadeba (gamgeobaSi) SiferiT daxmarebaze... CemTan meore dRes movidnen, saswrafod reagireba moaxdines.“ [koba, bolnisi]

„rom mivsulvar da miTxovia, uari ar uTqvamT. marTla mexmarebian... efeqturi ar aris? kaci rom quCaSi xar, uceb rom mixval, gancxadebas dawer da dagexmareba (binis fulis gadaxdaSi).“ [arseni, bolnisi]

„xedis Secvla gvindoda da ar gvegona, Tu dagvTanxmdebodnen. momces ufleba da iq lamazi raRac gakeTda... jer mivutane gancxadeba gamgebels, mere gamgeblis eqspertizas da mere arqiteqturas. sadRac erTi Tve dasWirda.“ [mzia, zugdidi]

Zalian efeqturi

efeqturi

araefeqturi

Zalian araefeqturi

miWirs pasuxi

2013 97

„ubanSi gvindoda, rom sportuli moedani gvqonoda... da mivmarTeT gamgeobas gancxadebiT. rom giTxraT, rom meore dRes movidnen da muSaoba daiwyes-Tqo, ara, magram, albaT iqac aris xom raRac tenderebi... Cven gvinda yvelaferi gavakeToT uceb ra, qarTveli kacis xasiaTia egeTi.... warmoidgineT, viRacam Tanxa unda gamoyos, iq muSebi unda moiyvanos da erT da or dReSi gadasawyveti namdvilad ar aris. ver vityvi, rom ar gagvikeTes an rame. moedani gvaqvs“ [Salva, zugdidi]

„gamgeobis mxridan iyo Zalian gulRia urTierToba moqalaqeebis mimarT. gaxsnilebi iyvnen da gangvimartes, rom xis gadabelvisTvis, romelic mravalwlovani maRali xe iyo, specialuri manqana iyo saWiro. gangvimartes, manqana ara gvyavs da rom viqiraoT, amisTvisac tenderi aris saWiroo. mere mudmivad vaxsenebdiT Tavs, vukavSirdebodiT... ase 4-5 Tvis Tavze moxda xis gadabelva.“ [vika, zugdidi]

monawileTa azriT, arsebul situaciaSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebi met-naklebad kargad asruleben dakisrebul movaleobebs. monawileTa sityvebiT, TviTmmarTvelobebs aqvT garkveuli SezRudvebi wliuri biujetis saxiT da unda gadaanawilon prioritetebi, amitom yvela moTxovnas ver daakmayofileben. maTi azriT, meti gamWvirvalobaa saWiro. kargi iqneboda, Tu weliwadSi erTxel an orjer darigdeboda broSurebi raionSi dagegmil proeqtebsa da biujetze: ra proeqtebi xorcieldeba an ukve ganxorcielda.

„ar mqonia saWiroeba da ar mimimarTavs, Cemi saxlis dazianeba mcire iyo da ar Sevawuxe gamgeoba, magram erTs rom misces Siferi, dauSvaT, axla meoris saxls ar uSvelis... is gancxadeba da gulistkivili yvelasi unda gaiTvaliswino.“ [mayvala, bolnisi]

„yvelam kargad viciT, rom raRaca CarCoebSi varT. anu gamgeobis gadasaxedidan vityvi, CarCos veZaxi me biujets. me Tu finansebi ar maZlevs saSualebas, rom raRac gavakeTo, erTbaSad gavakeTo... me SemiZlia rom 3 TveSi davxarjo is milionebi, rac iricxeba biujetSi, magram mere me 9 Tve unda viyo ise. anu wliuri biujeti xom aris limitirebuli da, aqedan gamomdinare, yvelas gancxadebas ver daakmayofilebs. amitomac aris, rom irCevs im ZiriTadisgan ufro ZiriTads.“ [Salva, zugdidi]

zugdidis fokusuri jgufuri diskusiis monawileTa sityvebiT, arsebobs gazeTi, sadac ibeWdeba informacia raionis biujetsa da dagegmil da ganxorcielebul proeqtebze, magram es gazeTi monawileebs arc nayidi hqondaT da arc wakiTxuli.

5.8.4. arsebuli municipalitetebis ufro mcire zomis erTeulebad dayofa

TbilisSi mcxovreb respondentTa damokidebuleba municipalitetebis ufro mcire erTeulad dayofisadmi arsebiTad gansxvavdeba sxva dasaxlebebSi gamokiTxulTa mosazrebebisagan. TbilisSi kvelavam cxadyo, rom umetesoba municipalitetis ufro mcire erTeulebad daSlis momxrea (39%), 29% ewinaaRmdegeba am mosazrebas, 8%-is azriT msgavsi cvlileba arsebiTad arafers Secvlis, xolo meoTxeds saerTod uWirs Sefasebis gakeTeba. qalaqisa da soflis tipis dasaxlebaTa mosaxleobas kiTxva davusviT gansxvavebuli formulirebiT. Tumca, kvlevam cxadyo, rom Tbilisis gareT yvela regionSi erTi tendenciaa da gamokiTxulTa umetesoba ewinaaRmdegeba municipalitetebis ufro mcire erTeulebad dayofis ideas (42%). aRsaniSnavia, rom mocemul ideas qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi meti mowinaaRmdege hyavs, vidre soflis tipis dasaxlebebSi (qalaqi - 48%, sofeli - 39%). qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi gamokiTxulTa TiTqmis meoTxedi


98

mocemuli mosazrebis momxrea. soflis tipis dasaxlebebSi momxreebis ricxvi odnav metia da respondentTa 31%-s Seadgens. (SekiTxva: emxrobiT Tu ara im mosazrebas, rom municipaliteti daiyos ufro mcire zomis erTeulebad?). (ixileT grafiki #65 da #66).

grafiki #65 - municipalitetebis ufro wvril erTeulebad daSlis mimarT mosaxleobis damokidebuleba regionebis mixedviT


grafiki #66 - municipalitetebis ufro wvril erTeulebad daSlis mimarT mosaxleobis damokidebuleba Tbilisis, sxva qalaqebisa da soflebis mixedviT


regionebs Soris qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi mcxovrebi respondentebisagan municipalitetis ufro mcire erTeulebad daSlis ideas yvelaze meti momxre samcxe-javaxeTSi hyavs (41%), xolo yvelaze meti mowinaaRmdege raWa-leCxumsa da guriaSi (70%). soflis tipis dasaxlebebSi mcxovrebi respondentebisagan municipalitetis ufro mcire erTeulebad daSlis ideas yvelaze meti momxre qvemo qarTlSi hyavs (59%).

eTnikurobis TvalsazrisiT garkveuli gansxavavebebi dafiqsirda eTnikurad qarTveli da araqarTveli moqalaqeebis pasuxebSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tbilisis gareT, sxva regionebSi,

Tbilisi

danarCeni regionebi

ar veTanxmebi veTanxmebi miWirs SefasebaaseTi cvlileba realurad arafers cvlis

Tbilisi

sxva qalaqebi

soflebi


2013 99

araqarTveli mosaxleobis SedarebiT didi nawili emxroba municipalitetebis ufro wvril erTeulebad daSlas (qarTveli respondentebi - 26%, araqarTveli respondentebi - 41%). gamokiTxuli eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenelTa umetesoba qvemo qarTlsa da samcxe javaxeTSia warmodgenili. unda iTqvas, rom mocemul sakiTxze statistikurad sando cvlilebebi mxolod qvemo qarTlSi dafiqsirda. am regionSi warmodgenili eTnikuri umciresobebis umravlesoba emxroba municipalitetebis ufro mcire erTeulebad daSlis ideas, maSin, rodesac qarTveli respondentebis mxolod mesamedi gamoxatavs msgavs survils (qarTveli respondnetebi - 33%, araqarTveli respondentebi - 54%). (ixileT grafiki #67).

grafiki #67 - municipalitetebis ufro wvril erTeulebad daSlis mimarT qvemo qarTlis qarTveli da araqarTveli mosaxleobis damokidebuleba


.TbilisSi gamokiTxul respondentTa TiTqmis naxevari (44%) fiqrobs, rom ufro mcire erTeulebad dayofili TviTmmarTvelobebi ukeT SeZleben municipalitetis problemebis mogvarebas, xolo gamokiTxulTa 27%-is azriT, aseTi TviTmmarTvelobebi ufro efeqturi ver iqneba. aRsaniSnavia, rom 38%-s saerTod uWirs Sefasebis gakeTeba.

danarCen regionebSi respondentTa azri TiTqmis Tanabrad gadanawilda, 29% fiqrobs, rom ukeT moagvarebdnen, xolo 30%-is azriT - es ase ar aris. gamokiTxulTa 41%-s uWirs Sefaseba.

qali-kacis kuTxiT municipalitetebis ufro mcire erTeulebad dayofasTan mimarTebaSi statistikurad sando sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula qalaqis mosaxleobaSi. TiTqmis Tanabari raodenobis qali da kaci respondenti eTanxmeba mocemul mowyobas (qali - 30%, kaci - 32%). soflebis SemTxvevaSi gamovlinda statistikurad sando mciredi sxvaoba. qali respondnetebis mxolod 28%, xolo gamokiTxuli mamakacebis 35% emxroba municipalitetebis ufro mcire erTeulebad daSlis ideas. (ixileT grafiki #68).


qarTveli

araqarTveli


100

grafiki #68 - soflebSi municipalitetebis ufro wvril erTeulebad daSlis mimarT qalebisa da kacebis damokidebuleba


regionebSi Semdegi suraTi gamoikveTa: samcxe-javaxeTis qalaqebSi yvelaze meti respondenti emxroba municipalitetebis ufro mcire erTeulebad daSlis ideas, xolo raWa-leCxumsa da guriaSi gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba ewinaaRmdegeba mocemul mosazrebas (raWa - 84%, guria - 76%). rac Seexeba soflebs, qvemo qarTlis mosaxleobis umetesobas moswons municipalitetebis ufro wvril erTeulebad daSlis idea, xolo mcxeTa-mTianeTSi umetesoba msgavsi mowyobis winaaRmdegia. (qvemo qarTli - 59% emxroba, mcxeTa-mTianeTi - 60% ewinaaRmdegeba). (ixileT cxrili #22).

cxrili #22 - municipalitetebis ufro wvril erTeulebad daSlis mimarT mosaxleobis damokidebuleba regionebis mixedviT

qalaqi sofeli

ar

veT

anxm

ebi

veT

anxm

ebi

araf

ers

Sec

vlis

miW

irs

Sef

aseb

a

ar

veT

anxm

ebi

veT

anxm

ebi

araf

ers

Sec

vlis

miW

irs

Sef

aseb

a

Tbilisi 28.9% 38.6% 8.2% 39.1%

aWara 31.7% 37.4% 3.9% 18.7% 41.8% 37.4% 3.7% 17.1%

guria 76.2% 18.4% 0.0% 26.2% 51.7% 27.2% 3.7% 17.4%

imereTi 55.9% 24.4% 3.6% 16.9% 48.4% 22.2% 4.5% 24.9%

kaxeTi 42.7% 27.9% 3.0% 28.5% 41.2% 30.1% 2.0% 26.7%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 56.4% 8.7% 0.7% 26.7% 59.5% 15.8% 0.7% 24.0%

qvemo qarTli 48.5% 16.8% 11.7% 20.6% 16.0% 59.1% 9.0% 15.9%


qali

kaci

2013 101

raWa-leCxumi 83.5% 8.7% 0.0% 15.1% 46.6% 32.8% 4.1% 16.5%

samcxe-javaxeTi 26.4% 41.1% 5.5% 18.9% 51.5% 23.3% 0.8% 24.4%


47.0% 17.0% 6.8% 23.8% 44.4% 16.6% 6.4% 32.6%

Sida qarTli 52.0% 13.5% 1.1% 39.3% 13.1% 38.3% 0.7% 47.9%


regionebSi Semdegi suraTi gamovlinda: guriaSi gamokiTxuli yvelaze meti respondenti pesimisturada ganwyobili imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom axali mowyobis pirobebSi TviTmmarTvelobebi ukeT SeZleben maTi problemebis mogvarebas, xolo 48% fiqrobs, rom ver SeZleben. aseve, samegreloSi gamokiTxul Zalian cota respondents miaCnia, rom axali TviTmmarTvelebebi ufro efeqturad moagvarebda maT problemebs (9%). Tumca, qvemo qarTlSi respondentebis naxevari piriqiT miiCnevs, rom isini amas ukeT SeZleben axali mowyobis pirobebSi (50%).

TbilisSi gamokiTxul respondentTa 42% Tvlis, rom axal TviTmmarTvelobebTan urTierToba maTTvis ufro martivi iqneboda. Tumca, gamokiTxulTa 15%-ma sawinaaRmdego mosazreba daafiqsira. aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentebis 44%-s uWirs am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi prognozireba (44%).

danarCen regionebSi respondentebis naxevari (52%) Tavs ikavebs mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT prognozis gakeTebisagan. gamokiTxulTa 29% fiqrobs, rom axal TviTmmarTvelobebTan urTierToba maTTvis ufro martivi iqneboda, xolo 15%-is azriT urTierToba ufro garTuldeboda.

regionis WrilSi qvemo qarTlSi mcxovrebi yvelaze meti respondenti Tvlis, rom axal gamgeobasTan urTierToba maTTvis ufro martivi iqneboda (53%). yvelaze met respondents raWa-leCxumSi miaCnia, rom ufro mcire TviTmmarTvelobis gamgeobasTan urTierToba maTTvis ufro rTuli iqneboda (35%).

qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula ufro mcire TviTmmarTvelobasTan urTierTobis simartivis Sefasebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, gamoikveTa garkveuli tendenciebi: gamokiTxuli kacebis ufro didi wili acxadebs, rom ufro mcire TviTmmarTvelobis gamgeobasTan urTierToba maTTvis gacilebiT martivi iqneboda, vidre qali (kaci - 36%, qali - 31%).

im respondentebs vinc ganacxada, rom ufro mcire TviTmmarTvelobis gamgeobasTan gacilebiT gauadvildeboda urTierToba, vTxoveT aexsnaT maTi mosazreba. umetesobam daasaxela, rom maTi dasaxlebebi momsaxurebas xelisuflebisagan ase ufro martivad miiRebdnen (66%). gamokiTxulTa 38% aseve fiqrobs, rom am SemTxvevaSi gamgeobis saqmianobaze informacia maTTvis ufro xelmisawvdomi gaxdeboda.


municipalitetebis ufro mcire erTeulebad daSlis idea arc zugdidisa da arc bolnisis jgufis monawileTaTvis aRmoCnda momxibvleli. Tumca, mocemuli qalaqebis specifikidan gamomdinare, jgufis monawileTa daintereseba gamoiwvia TviTmmarTvel


102

qalaqebad gaxdomis Teoriulma albaTobam. maTi azriT, qalaqisa da soflis problemebi TavianTi specifikiT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan, amitom maT mogvarebasac gansxvavebuli midgomebi sWirdeba. TviTmmarTvel qalaqad gaxdomis SemTxvevaSi ufro gamartivdeboda adgilobrivi xelmZRvanelobisadmi mimarTva da ufro efeqturad mogvardeboda qalaqisaTvis saWirboroto sakiTxebi. Tumca, gamoiTqva mosazrebac, rom SesaZloa maTi qalaqebi mocemul etapze ar iyos mzad msgavsi cvlilebisaTvis.

“zugdids daubrundeba qalaqis statusi, eyoleba qalaqis meri da ufro met yuradRebas miaqcevs qalaqs... raionul gamgeobebs Tavisi specialistebi sWirdebaT. qalaqSi rom arian, is bavSvebi azrze ar arian saerTod, ar yofilan yanaSi da simindi rogor modis, rogor iToxneba, ar ician. amitom es cal-calke unda iyos qalaqisaTvis da raionisaTvis.“ [Tamazi, zugdidi]

„soflis da qalaqis (zugdidis) municipalitetebad dayofa ukeTesia. anu sofels ase ufro mieqceva yuradReba... da qalaqsac.“ [mzia, zugdidi]

„...quTaisis standarti me SeiZleba zugdidSi ar gamomadges. me roca TviTTmarTveli meri viqnebi da me meqneba is uflebamosileba, rogorc minda ise vmarTav qalaqs, movergebi Cems qalaqs da es iqneba yvelasTvis ukeTesi.“ [Salva, zugdidi]

„me magaliTad, amis momxre var, rom bolnisma Tavisi biujeti ganagos... vin wyvets sakiTxebs es gvecodineba da imisgan moviTxovT pasuxs, rom es gagvikeTeT, es ar gvinda, es gvinda. Cemze araa damokidebuli, Cems zemoT kidev viRacaao, amas aRar gvetyvis. ukeTesad iqneba xalxic da raionic, dasaqmebis problemac moixsneba.“ [soslani, bolnisi]

rac Seexeba municipalitetebis ufro mcire erTeulebad dayofis ideas, calkeul SemTxvevaSi gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom aman SesaZloa Seqmnas damatebiTi samuSao adgilebi, Tumca, dayofis sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi bevrad ufro argumentirebuli aRmoCnda. ramdenime mizezis gamo jgufis arcerTi monawile am perspeqtivas mxars ar uWers:

1. kidev ufro wvrili dayofa saqmes gaarTulebs, radgan ar aris sakmarisi kvali-ficiuri kadri;

2. gaizrdeba xarjebi;

3. imdenjer gaizrdeba centralur xelisuflebasTan mimarTvianoba, ramdenjerac gaizrdeba municipalitetebi;

4. zogierT gansakuTrebiT Rarib raions gauWirdeba sakuTari Tavis Senaxva Semosav-lebis simwiris gamo.

„(wvril erTeulebad dayofa) mainc risk-faqtorebTan aris dakavSirebuli, radgan vfiqrob, rom adamianuri resursi ar aris sakmarisi saqarTvelos masStabiT. ZiriTadad, aseTi masa mainc dedaqalaqisken miedineba.“ [ekaterine, ozurgeTi]

„SeiZleba gadaamzado da aswavlo adamians, magram aq Seiqmna, davuSvaT, 10 municipaliteti... aq wava erTi ambavi. ar sWirdeba amdeni gamgebeli. iyos raionuli centri aq da eyoleba is gamgebeli sofelSi, oRond cota ufro meti uflebiT.“ [Tamazi, zugdidi]

2013 103

„...10-jer ufro meti qaRaldi gaigzavneba saministroebSi, 10-jer meti Tavis tkivili iqneba... bevri aparati karg muSaobas ar niSnavs. aq unda iyos profesionalizmis maRali xarisxi da unda Seiqmnas iseTi sistema, rom erTmaneTs xeli ar SeuSalon.“ [Tamazi, zugdidi]

„bolniss aqvs Tanxebi, bolniss SeuZlia icocxlos da imoZraos, radgan kazreTi aqvs da aba sxva raionebs rom ar aqvs?“ [koba, bolnisi]

jgufebis monawileTa azriT, ufro samarTliania SenarCundes arsebuli dayofa, magram ganxorcieldes Semdegi qmedebebi:

1. raionis biujeti (Semosavali/gasavali) gaxdes gamWvirvale;

2. raionis Semosavali centrSi ki ar gaigzavnos, aramed raionSive darCes;

3. aqtiurad amoqmeddes soflis sabWoebi da mTeli sofeli gansazRvravdes maT Ziri-Tad saWiroebebs; raionis biujetis dagegmareba moxdes am sabWoebis mier dasmuli problemebis Sesabamisad.

„raionis xelmZRvanelobam TviTon unda imuSaos, gansazRvros da gadawyvitos, ra sWirdeba. is ara, iqidan (centridan) rom marTon biujeti. bolniss imxela Tanxebi aqvs da miaqvs centralurs... xalxma ra daaSava? unda moxmardes raions.“ [lali, bolnisi]

„xalxi elodeba fuls. midixar gamgebelTan da geubneba, rom fuli ar aris. ratom ar aris? Tbilisidan ar gadmogviricxeso. ratom unda velodo Tbilisidan? aqedan migaqvs fuli, Cemi saxlidan da me ratom unda velodo Tbiliss? [arseni, bolnisi]

„(Tanxa rom adgilze darCeba) Tan ecodinebaT, ramdenia da sad wavida da xalxic kmayofili iqneba. Zalian gaurkvevlad aris axla.“ [akaki, bolnisi]

„roca soflis gamgebeli var, roca me vici soflis problemebi da roca maqvs Cemi biujeti da Cemi uflebamosileba, damijere, ise kargad qalaqis gamgeobam ar icis, ra unda vqna.“ [Salva, zugdidi]

“soflis sabWo Zalian saintereso raRacaa. erTi kaci rom wyvets sofelSi, es sul sxvaa da sabWoSi, minimum, xuTi kaci mainc Seva... gadawyvetilebas miiReben, rac im sofels ainteresebs.“ [akaki, bolnisi]

„aucileblad unda hqondes Tavisi biujeti sofels, rom gansazRvros TviTon sofelma da xalxma, raSi da rogor daxarjon es fuli. mTeli wlis manZilze gawerili iqneba biujeti. aucileblobisTvis, vTqvaT, sarezervo fondi unda iyos da ara arTjeradi raRaceebi.” [aleqsandre, ozurgeTi]

ambrolauris da ozurgeTis fokusuri jgufuri diskusiis monawileebi aseve undoblad Sexvdnen municipalitetebis ufro wvril erTeulebad dayofis ideas. zogierTma es, erTis mxriv, momxibvlelad CaTvala, magram meores mxriv rTulad gansaxorcieleblad.


104

monawileTa azriT, saqarTveloSi amJamad ar aris imdeni kvalificiuri kadri, rom moxerxdes ufro wvrilad dayofili erTeulebis swori marTva. amave dros, izrdeba administraciuli xarji da naklebi finansebi rCeba raionis problemebis gadasaWrelad. Tu arsebul municipalitetebs samarTavad meti avtonomia da finansebi miecemaT, mosaxleoba ufro aqtiurad CaerTveba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesebSi da SesaZloa msgavsma mowyobam gaamarTlos.

“yvela sofels unda hqondes Tavisi sabWo da finansebic unda hqondes.” [manana, ambrolauri]

„adgilobrivi sabWoebi unda airCion. am sabWoebs unda hqondes TavianTi biujeti, yvela saqmeze qalaqis centrSi rom ar dasWirdeT mimarTva. unda hqondeT imaT Tavisi resursi... sabWos funqciebi rom gaezardos da biujeti rom hqondes.“ [aleqsandre, ozurgeTi]

5.8.5. gamgebelis/meris pirdapiri wesiT arCeva

kvlevam cxadyo, rom respondentTa umravlesoba mxars uWers gamgebelis/meris pirdapiri wesiT arCevas (64%). Tumca, amavdroulad gamokiTxulTa TiTqmis naxevari acxadebs, rom raionis/qalaqis sakrebulos unda hqondes gamgebelis/meris gadayenebis ufleba (47%). respondentTa 23% gamgebelis/meris pirdapiri wesiT arCevis winaaRmdegia, xolo 31% aseve ewinaaRmdegeba imas, rom sakrebulos hqondes gamgebelis/meris gadayenebis ufleba. aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentTa im 64%-is umravlesoba, vinc meris/gamgebelis pirdapiri wesiT arCevas uWers mxars, imavdroulad acxadebs, rom raionis/qalaqis sakrebulos unda hqondes gamgebelis/meris gadayenebis ufleba (pirdapiri wesiT arCevas emxroba 2290 respondenti, maTgan 1506 gamokiTxuli aseve sakrebulos mier misi gadayenebis momxrea). sayuradReboa, rom es ori debuleba urTierTgamomricxavia da mocemul sakiTxebSi respondentTa TiTqmis naxevris gauTviTcnobiereblobaze metyvelebs.

regionis WrilSi guriaSi mcxovrebi yvelaze meti respondenti uWers mxars gamgebelis/meris pirdapiri wesiT arCevas (86%). Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom imave guriaSi gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba mxars uWers raionis sakrebulos uflebas, gadaayenos gamgebeli/meri (63%). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom mocemul ideas yvelaze meti respondenti uWers mxars imereTsa da mcxeTa-mTianeTSi (67%).

gamgebelis/meris pirdapiri wesiT arCevas TbilisSi mcxovrebi yvelaze meti gamokiTxuli ewinaaRmdegeba (29%). xolo, sakrebulos uflebas, gadaayenos gamgebeli/meri qvemo qarTlSi mcxovreb respondentTa yvelaze meti raodenoba ar uWers mxars (48%). (ixileT grafiki #69).

2013 105

veTanxmebi ar veTanxmebi miWirs pasuxi

Tbilisi

aWara

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

qvemo qarTli

raWa-leCxumi

samcxe-javaxeTi


Sida qarTli

gamgeblis/meris pirdapiri wesiT arCeva

sakrebulos ufleba gadaayenos gamgebeli/meri

grafiki #69 - gamgebelis/meris pirdapiri wesiT arCeva da sakrebulos ufleba gadaayenos gamgebeli/meri regionebis WrilSi


qali-kacis WrilSi arsebiTi sxvaobebi ar dafiqsirebula. gamokiTxuli qalebisa da kacebis TiTqmis identuri wili acxadebs, rom gamgebeli/meri pirdapiri wesiT unda airCes (kaci - 65%, qali - 64%).


gamgebelis/meris pirdapiri wesiT arCevis idea yvela fokusur jgufSi popularuli iyo. rasakvirvelia, saubrobdnen imaze, rom SeuZlebelia idealuri da absoluturad usafrTxo modelis Seqmna, magram arsebuli situacia umetesobas afiqrebinebs, rom pirdapiri wesiT arCeva yvelaze misaRebi formaa.

monawileTa azriT, maT unda airCion Rirseuli kandidati, romelic cxovrobs imave raionSi da, Sesabamisad, metad Sestkiva guli am municipalitetze. isini kargad unda icnobdnen warmodgenil kandidaturas. monawileebi Tvlian, rom maT mier arCeul kandidats ufro martivad mimarTaven an sTxoven rames. jgufis monawileebi ewinaaRmdegebian partiuli niSniT daniSvnas. monawileTa azriT, sjobs gamgebels/mers mosaxleobis SiSi meti hqondes, vidre sakrebulosi. maTi azriT, sakrebulos mier daniSnuli gamgebeli garkveulwilad sakrebulos interesebis gamtarebelia, es ki pozitiurad ar aisaxeba municipalitetebze. maTi azriT, gamegebli/meri angariSvaldebuli unda iyos mosaxleobasTan da ara sakrebulosTan. aseT SemTxvevaSi xalxi ufro gaaqtiurdeba da met pasuxismgeblobas igrZnobs - procesi ufro demokratiuli gaxdeba. respondentebs naklebad aRelvebT


106

gamgeblis/meris mier daSvebuli Secdomebi, radgan „uSecdomo aravinaa“, oTxi weli ki sakmarisi droa gamosasworeblad. jgufis monawileTa azriT, mosaxleoba ufro Tamami iqneba arCeul kandidatTan, xolo kandidats meti motivacia eqneba Semdeg arCevnebzec airCion.

„(Tu mers sakrebulo airCevs) am moyveba mere susti meri... sakrebulos roca moundeba, wamoartyams TavSi, es gamikeTe, Torem gadagayenebo.“ [Tamazi, zugdidi]

„meri Seni arCeuli rom iqneba, Sens azrs gaiTvaliswinebs.“ [mamia, ambrolauri]

„roca xalxi akeTebs arCevans, ese igi, xalxs raRac azri aqvs, icnobs. icis xalxma, rogoria (kandidati) da akeTebs arCevans. is Tu kargi adamiania, mjera imis da mwams... uSecdomo aravin aris Tavidan.“ [mamuka, ozurgeTi]

„me davamateb angariSvaldebulebis faqtors. meris pirdapir arCevaze vsaubrob. Sen vinc girCevs, angariSvaldebuli xar Sen imis winaSe. Tu gniSnavs sakrebulo, Sesabamisad, angariSvaldebuli xar im sakrebulos winaSe. sakrebulosTan sjobs angariSvaldebuleba Tu xalxis winaSe? xalxsac meti resursi eqneba, rom misi nebis formalizeba moaxdinos.“ [ekaterine, ozurgeTi]

„Tu ar vicnobT, Cven ra viciT da Tu vicnobT da gagvigia adamianis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb, ufro metad ici, rom is adamiani ivargebs, xalxs gamoadgeba da raionisTvis kargi iqneba.“ [mayvala, bolnisi]

gamgeblis/meris pirdapiri wesiT arCevis Sesaxeb jgufis mimdinareobisas gaJRerda sxva mosazrebebic:

1. xalxma SeiZleba wamyvani partiis warmomadgeneli airCios anu arCeva mainc parti-uli niSniT moxdes;

2. sakrebulo ukeTesad SeZlebs konkursis wesiT arCeuli gamgeblis/meris gakon-trolebas da gadaayenebs kidec.

jgufis ramdenime monawile aRniSnuli sakiTxis mimarT skeptikurad ganewyo da ganacxada, rom gamgebelis/meris daniSvnis wesis SecvliT araferi Seicvleba.

jgufSi gamoiTqva mosazreba kanonSi damcavi meqanizmebis ganmtkicebis Sesaxeb. monawileTa azriT, arCeuli kandidatis gadayeneba SesaZlebeli unda iyos upasuximgeblo saqcielis gamo.8

„kanonSi Caideba aucileblad, rom daaSavebs, maSin amdeni xelmoweris SegrovebiT meris gamowveva iqneba SesaZlebeli.“ [Tamazi, zugdidi]

„meri avirCioT, magram Tu ar mogvewoneba, impiCmentiT movxsnaT da sxva avirCioT. Tu arCevani SegviZlia, gadarCevac unda SegveZlos.“ [irakli, ambrolauris municipaliteti]

8 unda aRiniSnos, rom raodenobrivma da Tvisebrivma kvlevam erTnairi tendenciebi gamoavlina. Tumca, iqidan gamom-dinare, rom fokusur jgufze ufro dawvrilebiT xdeboda reformebis axsna, pasuxebic metadaa gaazrebuli. erTi mxriv, raodenobriv kvlevaSi absoluturi umravlesoba pirdapir wesiT arCevis momxrea, xolo, meore mxriv, gamok-iTxulTa naxevari fiqrobs, rom sakrebulos gamgebelis/meris gadayenebis ufleba unda hqondes. es ori mosazreba erTameneTs ewinaaRmdegeba da TviTmmarTvelobebis mowyobis sakiTxebSi mosaxleobis gaTviTcnobierebis dabal doneze miuTiTebs.

2013 107

sqesi asaki erovnebaojaxuri mdgomareoba

qali

kaci 18-2

4 25-3

435-4

445-5

4 55-6

4

65 weli d

a meti

ar aris daojaxebul

i

daqonwinebuli

ganqorwinebuli

qvrivi

qarTveli

somexi

azerbaijaneli

sxva

5.9. mosaxleobis socialur-demografiuli profili

mosaxleobis 54% mdedrobiTi sqesis, xolo 46% mamrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenelia. asakobriv jgufebSi yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli 25-34 wlamde da 45-54 wlamde asakobriv kategoriebs aqvs, romlebic Tanabrad, 20-20%-iTaa warmodgenili.

mosaxleobis 66% imyofeba qorwinebaSi, monacemebi msgavsia qalaqisa da soflis WrilSic.

eTnikuri niSnis mixedviT saqarTvelos mosaxleoba umetesad qarTvelebisagan Sedgeba (88%), 5%-iT arian warmodgenilni somxuri warmomavlobis mqone adamianebi, 4%-iT ki azerbaijanuli. (ixileT grafiki #70).

grafiki #70 - sqesi, asaki, ojaxuri mdgomareoba da erovneba


rogorc kvlevam cxadyo, saqarTvelos mosaxleoba saSualod 4 wevriani ojaxebisagan Sedgeba, romelSic Sedian bavSvebic. ojaxebSi bavSvebis saSualo raodenoba erTs ar aRemateba. (ixileT grafiki #71).


108

grafiki #71 - ojaxis Semadgenloba


mosaxleobis 10% acxadebs, rom maT ojaxs socialurad daucvelis statusi aqvs miniWebuli, iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa wili mosaxleobaSi 2%-ia.

mosaxleobis 38%-s sruli saSualo, xolo 36%-s sruli umaRlesi ganaTleba aqvs. rac Seexeba dasaqmebas, mosaxleobis 35% umuSevaria, 20% ki pensioneri. (ixileT grafiki #72).

grafiki #72 - ganaTleba da samuSao statusi


ojaxuris wevrebis saSualo raodenoba

ojaxSi bavSvebis saSualo raodenoba

1-dan 3-mde 4-dan 7-mde 8 an meti 4 an metiarcerTi 321

arasruli saSualo

sruli saSualo

saSualo specialuri / koleji

sruli umaRlesi (bakalavri, magistri)

aspirantura/ samecniero xarisxi

daqiravebuli muSaki

TviTdasaqmebuli (samuSaos mimcemi)

TviTdasaqmebuli

pensioneri

dekretul SvebulebaSi myofi

diasaxlisi

studenti / moswavle

umuSevari

2013 109

kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom mosaxleobis naxevars Tanxa sakvebzec ki Zlivs hyofnis. (ixileT cxrili #23).

cxrili #23 - materialuri mdgomareobis Sefaseba

sakvebze Zlivs gvyofnis fuli 50%

sakmarisi fuli gvaqvs sakvebisTvis, magram tansacmlisa da fexsacmlis sayidlad fulis dazogva an sesxeba gviwevs 27%

sakmarisi fuli gvaqvs sakvebis, yoveldRiuri tansacmlisa da fexsacmlis sayidlad, magram imisaTvis, rom SeviZinoT kargi tansacmeli, mobiluri telefoni, mtversasruti da sxva sayofacxovrebo teqnika, fulis dazogva an sesxeba gviwevs

14%

sakmarisi fuli gvaqvs sakvebisTvis, yoveldRiuri tansacmlisa da fexsacmlisaTvis, magram imisaTvis, rom SeviZinoT manqana an bina fulis dazogva an sesxeba gviwevs

5%

SegviZlia nebismier momentSi SeviZinoT yvelaferi, rac gvsurs 0.2%

ar vici/miWirs pasuxis gacema 4%


mosaxleobis 14%-is Tviuri ojaxuri Semosavali 100 larze naklebia, mosaxleobis TiTqmis naxevris (44%) ojaxuri Tviuri Semosavali 101-dan 300 laramde meryeobs (ix. grafiki #29). (SemosavlebSi aRricxulia nebismieri tipis Semosavali socialuri daxmarebisa da pensiis CaTvliT). (ixileT grafiki #73).

grafiki #73 - ramdens Seadgens Tqveni ojaxis Tviuri Semosavali (larSi)


ar vici / miWirs pasuxi

da meti


110

6. reziume

sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebebiT mosaxleobis kmayofilebis kvlevis farglebSi Seswavlil iqna sxvadasxva saxelmwifo Tu municipaluri servisi. momsaxurebebis didi raodenobidan gamomdinare aRniSnul TavSi warmodgenilia mxolod is ZiriTadi servisebi, romlebic mosaxleobisaTvis yvelaze metadaa xelmisawvdomi. sajaro momsaxurebebi Tematurad ramdenime cxrilSi ori parametris mixedviT gaerTianda - servisis arseboba da am servisiT kmayofileba (komunaluri infrastruqturiT mosaxleobis kmayofilebis donis gansazRvrisaTvis rig SemTxvevebSi gamoyenebulia sistemis gamarTulad funqcionirebisa da regularulad miwodebis maCveneblebi, romlebic didi albaTobiT ganapirobebs kidec mosaxleobis servisiT kmayofilebas).9,10 Seqmnili suraTisa da kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli informaciis masStaburad danaxvis mizniT, monacemebi warmodgenilia regionebis mixedviT.

kvlevis Sedegebi cxadyofs, rom komunalur infrastruqturasTan mimarTebaSi saukeTeso mdgomareoba eleqtroenergiis miwodebis TvalsazrisiT fiqsirdeba. miwodebasTan erTad mosaxleobis udidesi nawili gamoxatavs kmayofilebas eleqtroenergiis xarisxiTa da momsaxurebiT (miwodeba - 94%, kmayofileba - 92%). (ixileT cxrili #24).

komunaluri infrastruqturis mxriv, regionebs Soris yvelaze kargi mdgomareoba cxrilSi warmodgenili servisebis miwodebisa da maTi kmayofilebis maCveneblebis mixedviT, TbilisSia.

TbilisTan SedarebiT sxva regionebSi cudi mdgomareobaa. yvelaze gamorCeuli raWa-leCxumia, sadac eleqtroenergiis garda sxva servisebiT mosaxleobis Zalian mcire nawili sargeblobs. Tumca, aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom miuxedavad momsaxurebebis simcirisa, raWa-leCxumSi servisebis mqone mosaxleoba kmayofilebis maRal maCvenebels afiqsirebs. mosaxleobis kmayofilebas savaraudod Tavad servisis arsebobis faqti da ara misi miwodebis xarisxi iwvevs. swored im fonze, rom aRniSnuli servisebi naklebadaa gavrcelebuli regionSi, mosaxleobis is nawili, romelsac aqvs momsaxurebiT sargeblobis saSualeba, Tvlis, rom sxvebTan SedarebiT ukve karg mdgomareobaSia da Sesabamisad, aRar gamoTqvams ukmayofilebas servisis xarisxTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli varaudi SesaZloa gavrceldes sxva regionebSi dafiqsirebuli maRali kmayofilebis donis asaxsneladac.

9 cxrilebSi ar aris warmodgenili iseTi specifikuri momsaxurebebi, romlebic mosaxleobis mxolod mcire nawilisTvisaa xelmisawvdomi an iSviaTad gamoiyeneba (magaliTad: ufaso sasadiloebi, ufaso iuridiuli momsax-ureba, tenderebi, eleqtronuli servisebi a.S.).

10 cxrilebSi mocemulia servisebis arsebobisa da kmayofilebis maCvenebeli. konkretuli momsaxurebiT an servisiT kmayofilebas afasebdnen mxolod is respondentebi, romelTa dasaxlebaSic moipoveba esa Tu is servisi; informa-ciis moculobis gamo cxrilebSi mocemulia mxolod dadebiTi Sefasebebi (diax, kmayofili/Zalian kmayofili) ar vici/uari pasuxze da uaryofiTi pasuxebis gamoklebiT. gamonakliss warmoadgens sagzao infrastruqturis cxri-li (cxrili # 28), sadac warmodgenilia sagzao infrastruqturis zogierTi parametris uqonloba.

2013 111

aqve unda gamoiyos is regionebi, sadac sxvebTan SedarebiT esa Tu ise servisi yvelaze naklebadaa warmodgenili, magaliTad, guriaSi kanalizaciis sistemis mxriv problemuri mdgomareobaa, xolo Sida qarTlSi - dasufTavebis mxriv. (ixileT cxrili #24).

cxrili #24 - komunaluri infrastruqturis arseboba da kmayofileba regionebis mixedviT

komunaluri infrastruqtura

regioni wya

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kana

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(Tvi

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ga

mar

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lo

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miwo

deb

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kmay

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deb

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kmay

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sebo

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kmay

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a

Tbilisi 99% 81% 100% 82% 97% 98% 100% 91% 97% 85% 100% 90%

aWara 64% 75% 52% 58% 88% 74% 50% 94% 91% 92% 69% 89%

guria 32% 40% 14% 63% 97% 92% 53% 92% 45% 77% 35% 90%

imereTi 57% 44% 40% 66% 97% 89% 65% 89% 64% 77% 41% 88%

kaxeTi 69% 59% 25% 77% 88% 91% 74% 100% 71% 56% 61% 86%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 49% 58% 27% 80% 91% 90% 68% 95% 58% 90% 66% 87%

qvemo qarTli 82% 56% 31% 62% 92% 88% 64% 97% 65% 77% 38% 67%

raWa-leCxumi 26% 78% 18% 76% 97% 88% 14% 100% 79% 89% 18% 80%

samcxe-javaxeTi 45% 74% 33% 58% 98% 97% 66% 96% 24% 55% 35% 62%

samegrelo 32% 90% 22% 69% 96% 96% 26% 100% 32% 85% 31% 76%

Sida qarTli 64% 62% 32% 84% 93% 97% 81% 97% 11% 93% 45% 89%

jamSi 68% 68% 50% 75% 94% 92% 69% 93% 76% 83% 59% 86%

gansxvavebiT komunaluri infrastruqturisgan, saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa arsebobis mxriv yvela regionSi maRali maCveneblebi fiqsirdeba. aseve maRalia kmayofilebis maCvenebeli regionebSi, gansakuTrebiT, imereTsa da samegereloSi (84%, 82%). gamonaklisi saxiT unda aRiniSnos Tbilisi, sadac sxva regionebTan SedarebiT gamorCeulad dabalia saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebiT kmayofilebis done. rogorc komunaluri infrastruqturis SemTxvevaSi aRiniSna, regionSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis kmayofilebas kvlav servisiT sargeblobis SesaZlebloba ganapirobebs da ara misi


112

miwodebis xarisxi. savaraudod, regionSi mcxovreb mosaxleobas maRali standartebis naklebi molodini aqvs da is faqti, rom konkretuli servisi arsebobs, maT mier ukve dadebiTad aRiqmeba. Tbilisis mosaxleoba ki metad kritikulia garkveuli sakiTxebis mimarT, radgan zogadad, qalaqebSi metia servisebis alternatiuli wyaroebi da Sesabamisad, SesaZlebelia Sedareba da arCeva. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom sabavSvo baRebiT kmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT sakmaod dabali maCvenebeli dafiqsirda qvemo qarTlis regionSic. (ixileT cxrili #25).

cxrili #25 - saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa arseboba da kmayofileba regionebis mixedviT

ganaTleba

regioni

baRi (TviTmmarTveloba)11 skola (saxelmwifo)

miwodeba kmayofileba miwodeba kmayofileba

Tbilisi 89% 34% 98% 43%

aWara 52% 56% 100% 63%

guria 72% 71% 88% 78%

imereTi 86% 82% 90% 84%

kaxeTi 87% 49% 94% 57%


qvemo qarTli 57% 32% 100% 56%

raWa-leCxumi 43% 70% 75% 77%


samegrelo 89% 74% 93% 82%

Sida qarTli 59% 48% 90% 51%

jamSi 77% 54% 95% 62%

saavadmyofosa da saswrafo daxmarebis servisis gamoyenebis mxriv regionebSi TiTqmis analogiuri mdgomareobaa. saavadmyofoebisadmi mimarTva da saswrafo daxmarebis gamoZaxeba TiTqmis erTnair procentul SualedSi varirebs. suraTi gansxvavebulia poliklinikebisadmi mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi. rogorc kvlevam daadastura, saavadmyofoTi sargeblobis maCvenebeli poliklinikiT sargeblobis maCvenebelze mudam maRalia. 11

jandacvis servisebiT mosargeble mosaxleoba miRebuli momsaxurebebiT ZiriTadad kmayofilebas afiqsirebs. ganurCevlad regionisa, mosaxleobis umravlesoba dadebiTadaa ganwyobili servisis mimwodeblebis mimarT, kmayofilebis maCvenebeli 70%-ze metia. (ixileT cxrili #26).

11 frCxilebSi miTiTebulia servisis mimwodebeli organoebi

2013 113

cxrili #26 - jandacvis servisebis gamoyeneba da kmayofileba regionebis mixedviT

jandacva

regioni

saav

admy

of

o

(sax

elmw

ifo

/T

viT

mmar

Tve

lo

ba)

pol

ikl

inik

a (s

axel

mwif

o/

Tvi

Tmm

arT

vel

oba

)

sasw

raf

o d

axma

reb

a (s

axel

mwif

o)

mosa

xleo

bis

acr

ebi

(sax

elmw

ifo

/T

viT

mmar

Tve

lo

ba)

pir

ut

yvis

ac

reb

i (s

axel

mwif

o/

Tvi

Tmm

arT

vel

oba

)

mima

rT

vian

oba

kmay

of

ileb

a

mima

rT

vian

oba

kmay

of

ileb

a

gamo

Zaxe

ba

kmay

of

ileb

a

mima

rT

vian

oba

kmay

of

ileb

a

mima

rT

vian

oba

kmay

of

ileb

a

Tbilisi 40% 85% 42% 82% 46% 89% 31% 96% 13% 100%

aWara 44% 86% 30% 75% 43% 96% 38% 94% 49% 100%

guria 35% 87% 19% 90% 30% 78% 16% 91% 42% 83%

imereTi 46% 77% 28% 74% 34% 89% 24% 91% 54% 83%

kaxeTi 41% 90% 26% 77% 34% 92% 22% 100% 38% 95%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 41% 80% 21% 84% 35% 86% 25% 90% 35% 91%

qvemo qarTli 35% 80% 22% 82% 42% 92% 32% 100% 64% 90%

raWa-leCxumi 46% 88% 19% 88% 40% 95% 16% 75% 57% 81%

samcxe-javaxeTi 36% 74% 13% 87% 28% 87% 28% 89% 61% 96%

samegrelo 39% 88% 21% 85% 34% 97% 27% 93% 71% 95%

Sida qarTli 41% 84% 25% 86% 33% 89% 21% 91% 34% 96%

jamSi 40% 85% 42% 82% 38% 91% 27% 94% 50% 91%

usafrTxoebis servisebSi, saxanZro samsaxuris arsebobis mxriv TbilisTan SedarebiT ukeTesi mdgomareoba fiqsirdeba kaxeTsa da mcxeTa-mTianeTSi. momsaxurebiT kmayofili yvelaze metad Tbilisis, xolo yvelaze naklebad qvemo qarTlis mosaxleobaa.

regionebs Soris samaSvelo samsaxurisadmi yvelaze naklebi xelmisawvdomoba da aseve, am servisiT kmayofilebis yvelaze dabali done Sida qarTlSi fiqsirdeba. (ixileT cxrili #27).


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cxrili # 27 - usafrTxoebis servisebis arseboba da kmayofileba regionebis mixedviT

usafrTxoeba

regioni

saxanZro samsaxuri (TviTmmarTveloba)

samaSvelo samsaxuri (saxelmwifo/TviTmmarTveloba)

arseboba kmayofileba arseboba kmayofileba

Tbilisi 92% 89% 89% 93%

aWara 81% 82% 76% 69%

guria 93% 53% 83% 62%

imereTi 72% 63% 59% 67%

kaxeTi 94% 81% 80% 69%


qvemo qarTli 59% 21% 47% 65%

raWa-leCxumi 62% 76% 43% 84%


samegrelo 75% 88% 49% 73%

Sida qarTli 43% 58% 39% 29%

jamSi 78% 89% 67% 81%

zogadad, regionebSi mdgomareobis mxriv ukeT fasdeba gare, vidre Sida gzebis mdgomareoba. magaliTad, samcxe-javaxeTis mosaxleobis mxolod 13% Tvlis, rom dasaxlebebSi arsebuli Sida gzebi karg mdgomareobaSia. utransportobas, ZiriTadad, raWa-leCxumSi uCivian. sagzao infrastruqturis farglebSi Sefasebuli parametrebidan, yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli SuqniSnebis uqonlobas aqvs, Tumca, gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom garkveul adgilebSi maTi saWiroeba SesaZloa arc iyos. maRalia quCebis ganaTebisa da saxlebis numeraciis ararsebobis maCvenebelic. quCebis ganaTebis problema yvelaze aqtualuri Sida qarTlSia, xolo saxlebis numeraciisa - raWa-leCxumSi. (ixileT cxrili #28).

2013 115

cxrili #28 - sagzao infrastruqtura regionebis mixedviT

regioni

Sid

a gz

ebi

(Tvi

Tmm

arT

vel

oba

gar

e gz

ebi

(Tvi

Tmm

arT

vel

oba

)

avt

oma

gist

ral

ebi

(sax

elmw

ifo

)

tr

ansp

or

tis

six

Sir

e (k

erZo

/Tvi

Tmm

arT

vel

)

sagz

ao n

iSne

bi

(Tvi

Tmm

arT

vel

oba

)

Suqn

iSne

bi

(Tvi

Tmm

arT

vel

oba

)

gana

Teb

a (T

viT

mmar

Tel

oba

)

saxl

ebis

nu

mer

acia

(T

viT

mmar

Tve

lo

ba)

kar

gi

kar

gi

kar

gi

kar

gi

ar a

ris

kar

gi

ar a

ris

kar

gi

ar a

ris

kar

gi

ar a

ris

kar

gi

ar a

ris

Tbilisi 75% 87% 84% 72% 1% 84% 5% 85% 4% 99% 0% 75% 1%

aWara 66% 78% 94% 78% 1% 53% 36% 50% 41% 61% 33% 56% 40%

guria 33% 56% 94% 70% 15% 30% 59% 7% 89% 45% 46% 16% 74%

imereTi 45% 68% 86% 71% 7% 39% 41% 25% 53% 49% 24% 39% 38%

kaxeTi 28% 85% 92% 79% 13% 36% 44% 6% 86% 65% 23% 18% 69%

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 28% 61% 84% 77% 9% 24% 67% 1% 99% 41% 55% 12% 70%

qvemo qarTli 19% 63% 97% 68% 5% 30% 61% 18% 72% 40% 49% 17% 56%

raWa-leCxumi 29% 44% 70% 41% 22% 29% 64% 7% 91% 42% 49% 17% 79%

samcxe-javaxeTi 13% 49% 78% 48% 23% 39% 43% 10% 81% 34% 51% 27% 60%


35% 62% 88% 82% 3% 60% 28% 37% 54% 53% 19% 36% 39%

Sida qarTli 47% 73% 93% 84% 1% 56% 28% 25% 62% 35% 60% 26% 61%

monacemebis damuSavebisas Semowmda TviTmmarTvelobebiT kmayofili respondentebis municipaluri da saxelmwifo servisebiT kmayofilebis donec. aRniSnuli monacemebis mixedviT dadginda, rom TviTmmarTvelobiT kmayofili respondentebi umetesad aseve kmayofili arian municipaluri da saxelmwifo servisebiT. monacemebi cxrilis saxiT ar aris warmodgenili, vinaidan kvlevis Sedegebi TiTqmis imeorebs zemoTmocemul cxrilebSi dafiqsirebul tendenciebs.

imisaTvis, rom dagvenaxa iyo Tu ara gansxvaveba municipaluri da saxelmwifo mom-saxurebebis miwodeba-kmayofilebis donis TvalsazrisiT, garkveuli servisebi dajgufda. gamoiyo mxolod is momsaxurebebi, romlebic calsaxad municipalitetis an saxelmwifos prerogativaa (an iyo prerogativa kvlevis periodSi). SeirCa mxolod mosaxleobisaTvis yvelaze metad xelmisawvdomi ZiriTadi servisebi. rTulia calsaxad imsjelo Tu romeli servisebiTaa mosaxleoba ufro metad kmayofili - saxelmwifos mier centralizebulad miwodebuli Tu TviTmmarTvelobis mier uzrunvelyofili servisebiT. calkeuli


116

momsaxurebiT mosaxleobis kmayofilebaze zegavlenas SesaZloa mravali faqtori axdendes. Tumca, gamoikveTa Semdegi tendencia: zogadad mosaxleobis meti wili afiqsirebs kmayofilebas saxelmwifo momsaxurebebiT (80%), vidre municipaluri servisebiT (70%). qvemoT cxrilSi mocemulia municipaluri da saxelmwifo momsaxurebebis dajgufebebi, romelTa mixedviTac moxda kmayofilebis saSualo maCveneblis daTvla. (ixileT cxrili #29).

cxrili # 29 - ZiriTadi saxelmwifo da municipaluri momsaxurebebiT kmayofileba

saxelmwifo servisebi kmayofileba municipaluri servisebi kmayofileba

eleqtroenergiiT momarageba 92% dasufTaveba 83%

gaziT momarageba 93% narCenebis gatana 86%

zogadi ganaTleba 62% sakanalizacio sistema 75%

profesiuli ganaTleba 36% skolandeli ganaTleba 54%

sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoeba 85% adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebi 52%

saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis gzebi 88% quCis ganaTeba 51%

soflis meurneobis ganviTareba 81% saxlebis numeracia 31%

pensiebis gacema 94% saxanZro samsaxuri 89%

saswrafo daxmareba 91% biblioTekebi 81%

sajaro parkebi 90%

kulturis saxlebi 73%

jamSi 80% jamSi 70%

mTlianobaSi, yvela momsaxurebis miwodebisa da kmayofilis maCveneblebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aseve, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebis mimarT ndobisa da kmayofilebis monacemis mixedviT, calke unda gamoiyo sTbilisisa da raWa-leCxumis Sedegebi. (ixileT cxrilebi #21, #24, #25, #26, #27 da #28).

2013 117

Tbilisis mosaxleobas zogadad yvelaze maRali xelmisawvdomoba aqvs yvela saxelmwifo da municipalur momsaxurebaze. mciredi gamonaklisebis garda dedaqalaqSi maRalia mocemuli servisebiT kmayofilebis maCvenebelic.

magaliTad:

• miuxedavad imisa, rom absoluturi umravlesobisaTvis municipaluri sabavSvo baRebi da saxelmwifo skolebi TbilisSi maT sacxovrebel ubanSia xelmisawvdomi, zogadad, mocemuli dawesebulebebiT gamokiTxulTa naxevaric ki ar aris kmayo-fili (sabavSvo baRi - 34%, skola - 43%).

• komunaluri infrastruqturis TvalsazrisiT TbilisSi miwodebis/arsebobis da kmayofilebis maCvenebeli sakmaod maRalia (wyali, kanalizacia, eleqtroenergia, gazi, dasufTaveba, narCenebis gatana).

• zogadad, saxelmwifo acrebiT pirutyvisa da mosaxleobisaTvis saswrafo samedi-cino daxmarebis momsaxurebiT, saxanZro da samaSvelo samsaxuriT Tbilisis mo-saxleobis umetesi nawili kmayofilebas gamoxatavs.

miuxedvad imisa, rom zogadad saxelmwifo da municipaluri momsaxurebebis gaTvaliswinebiT TbilisSi yvelaze kargi mdgomareobaa, swored dedaqalaqis mosaxleobaa yvelaze nakleb kmayofili adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobiT (33% kmayofili). aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom adgilobrivi mTavrobiT kmayofil respondentTa umravlesoba servisebiTac kmayofilia. TviTmmarTvelobiT ukmayofileba TbilisSi SesaZloa ramdenime faqtoriT iyos gamowveuli:

1. dedaqalaqis mosaxleoba bevrad ufro ganebivrebulia infrastruqturuli pro-eqtebiT, elementaruli servisebi xelmisawvdomia da Sesabamisad, moTxovnebic ufro maRali.

2. gasaTvaliswinebelia arCevnebamde da arCevnebis Semdgom negatiuri damokideb-ulebis zrda yofili mmarTveli partiisadmi. Sesabamisad, Tbilisis mosaxleobis did nawilSi SeiniSneba undobloba da ukmayofileba meriis muSaobisadmi, sadac yofili mmarTveli gundis warmomadgenlebi sWarboben.

raWa-leCxumSi zogadad, yvela saxelmwifo da municipaluri momsaxurebis yvelaze dabali xelmisawvdomobaa, eleqtroenergiisa da dasufTavebis gamoklebiT, romelTa maCvenebelic sakmaod maRalia (97%, 79%). zogierTi momsaxurebis miwodebis dabali maCvenelebi SesaZloa sxvadasxva obieqturi faqtorebiT aixsnas. magaliTad, sabavSvo baRebis simcire (adgilze xelmisawvdomia 43%-Tvis) SesaZloa mocemul regionSi skolamdeli asakis bavSvTa simciriT aixsnas. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebis mixedviT, miuxedavad saqarTvelos masStabiT dafiqsirebuli mosaxleobis ricxovnobis zrdisa, raWa-leCxumSi mosaxleobis ricxovnobis kleba SeiniSneba12

.

is faqti, rom sairigacio sistemiT mocemul regionSi TiTqmis arcerTi gamokiTxuli ar sargeblobs, aixsneba klimatis TaviseburebiTa da sarwyavi sistemebis naklebi saWiroebiT. rac Seexeba centralizebulad wylis miwodebas, 26% sakmaod dabali maCvenebelia, Tumca, raWa-leCxumSi uxvad arsebuli wyaroebis gaTvaliswinebiT SesaZloa adgilobrivi

12 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis ricxovnoba izrdeba, http://www.geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/georgian/press/31.05.2012_Geo.pdf


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mosaxleoba, gansakuTrebiT ki soflis mosaxleoba, mocemul deficits seriozul problemad ar aRiqvamdes. niSandoblivia, rom fokusur jgufSi msgavsi problema arcerT respondents ar dausaxelebia. ZiriTad problemas warmoadgens gzebi da saniaRvreebi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom raWa-leCxumis mosaxleobis is nawili, visac miewodeba esa Tu is momsaxureba, zogadad kmayofilia momsaxurebis xarisxiT. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT miwodebis mcire areals, SesaZloa kmayofileba mxolod servisis arsebobiTac ki iyos gamowveuli.

raWa-leCxumSi uaxloesi avtomagistralebis garda, zogadad, Sida da gare gzebis mdgomareoba dadebiTad sakmaod cota respondentma Seafasa. transportis moZraobis sixSiriT mosaxleobis mxolod nawilia kmayofili. unda iTqvas, rom zemo raWis fokusur jgufSi respondentebi transportis simcires uCiodnen. mocemul regionSi SuqniSnebi da sagzao niSnebi aseve mcired aris warmodgenili. aRsaniSnavia, rom saxlebi umetes SemTxvevaSi daunomravia.

miuxedvad imisa, rom raWa-leCxumSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobiT kmayofilebis yvelaze maRali maCvenebelia, msgavsi monacemi araadekvaturia mocemul regionSi servisebis xelmisawvdomobis monacemTa gaTvaliswinebiT. Tumca, SesaZloa vivaraudoT, rom mosaxleoba minimaluri saWiroebebis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSic madlieria da ufro mets arc elodeba.

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