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Bài 9 Một số điểm ngữ pháp quan trọng 1.Mạo từ a, an : Một An + từ bắt đầu là 1 nguyên âm hoặc h câm ( Nguyên âm: u, e, o, o, a, i) Ex: an apple, an hour , an egg… A + từ bắt đầu là 1 nguyên âm( phụ âm : những âm còn lại…g,m,v,n,l,….) Ex: a dog, a micro…. 2.TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƯỢNG Với danh từ đếm được Với danh từ không đếm dược - some / any (một vài) - some / any (một ít) - many - much - a large number of - a large amount of - a great number of - a great deal of - plenty of - plenty of - a lot of / lots of - lot of / lots of - few / a few - little / a little - every / each

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Bài 9

Một số điểm ngữ pháp quan trọng

1.Mạo từ a, an : Một

An + từ bắt đầu là 1 nguyên âm hoặc h câm ( Nguyên âm: u, e, o, o, a, i)Ex: an apple, an hour , an egg…A + từ bắt đầu là 1 nguyên âm( phụ âm : những âm còn lại…g,m,v,n,l,….)Ex: a dog, a micro….

2.TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƯỢNG

Với danh từ đếm được Với danh từ không đếm dược

- some / any (một vài) - some / any (một ít)

- many - much

- a large number of - a large amount of

- a great number of - a great deal of

- plenty of - plenty of

- a lot of / lots of -  lot of / lots of

- few / a few - little / a little

- every / each

- several (nhiều)

 

- some: dùng trong câu khẳng định, câu yêu cầu, lời mời, lời đề nghỉ.

- any: dùng trong câu phủ định, nghi vấn

- many, much dùng trong câu phủ định, nghi vấn

- a lot of, plenty of, a great number of … dùng trong câu khẳng định

- many, much luôn dùng trong câu khẳng định có các từ very, too, so, as

- few, little (ít, không nhiều): thường có nghĩa phủ định, ít không đủ để dùng

- a few / a little (một vài, một ít): thường có nghĩa khẳng định, ít đủ để dùng

         He drank so much wine that he felt sick.

         Would you like some more coffee?

         We haven’t got any butter.                        There aren’t any chairs in the room.

         Hurry up! There is little time.                  

         Let’s go and have a drink. We have got a little time before the train leaves.

3.Both A and B : cả A lẫn B .( A, B cùng từ loại) ( vì số nhiều nên khi chia động từ phải theo số nhiều)

Ex: Both nam and his father like football ( không được chia likes)( Nam và bố anh ấy thích bong đá)

My girlfriend is both beautiful and intelligent.( bạn gái tôi vưa xinh đẹp vừa thong minh)

4. Not only A but also B : Không chỉ A Mà còn B ( A và B cùng từ loại)

EX: David is not only handsome but also intelligent( David không chỉ đẹp trai mà còn thong minh)

Not only food but also drink is very expensive in this area( không chỉ thức ăn mà đồ uống rất đắt ở khu vực này)

5.Either A or B: hoặc A hoặc B ( A , B cùng từ loại ) ( chia động từ theo B)

EX: Either you or your friends have to clean this floor ( không được chia has to vì friends là số nhiều)

6. Neither A nor B : Không A mà cũng không B

EX: Neither Mary nor her friends go to the market ( không chia goes vì friends là số nhiều)

7.WISH –ƯỚC

SAU WISH:

+ S+ V ed ( sự việc trái với hiện tại )

Ex: I wish I were taller ( thực tế tôi không cao)

Lưu ý: were dung cho tất cả các ngôi

+S+ Had + Vpp ( sự việc trái với quá khứ)

EX:I wish It hadn’t rained so heavily yesterday.( thực tế hôm qua trời mưa)

8.Some/ any ( cả hai đều dung cho danh từ đếm được và không đếm được)

EX:Some: dung trong câu khẳng định , câu đề nghị ( would/ can/ could + S+…?)

EX: can I have some sugar?

Would you like some coffee or tea?

Any: dung trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi

EX:Do you have any sugar?

9.Tính từ TTừ-ED & TTừ-ING

TTừ-ED: Dùng để miêu tả cảm giác con người

EX:I am excited (tôi cảm thấy hào hứng)

TTừ –ING:Dùng để miêu tả đặc tính con người , vật , tình huống

EX:This film is boring ( bộ phim thật nhàm chán)

That is a exciting man( kia là người đàn ông hào hứng)

10. So …..Tính từ / trạng từ …That….: đến nỗi mà

EX:The book is so interesting that everybody reads it( quyển sách thú vị đến nỗi mà tất cả mọi người đọc nó)

EX:The bus runs so quickly that I can’t take ( xe buýt chạy nhanh đến nỗi mà tôi không thể bắt kịp)

11.Such…….that…..: cái gì đó …đến nỗi mà

Such + ( a/an)+ tính từ + danh từ

EX:He is such a lazy boy that we don’t want to talk to him ( anh ấy là chàng trai lười đến nỗi mà chúng tôi không muốn nói chuyện)

12.Because / because of : bởi vì ……

+Because + mệnh đề ( S +V /TOBE)

EX:Because It is rainy , we can’t play soccer (vì trời mưa nên chúng tôi không thể chơi bong đá)

+Because of + danh từ/Ving / đại từ

EX: Because of learning hard, He passed the exams easily( vì việc học chăm chỉ, anh ấy đã vượt qua kì thi một cách dễ dàng)

13. SO : Vì thế…

Nguyên nhân, SO kết quả

EX: It is heavily rainy so she doesn’t go to the school.( trời mưa lớn nên cô ấy không đi học )

14.TO+ V inf / in order to + V inf../So as to + Vinf/ in order that + mệnh đề/ So that + mệnh đề ( lưu ý : mệnh đề :s+v….): ĐỂ ….( Chỉ mục đích)

EX:I go to the market to buy/In order to buy/so as to buy a pen ( tôi đi ra chợ để mua bút)

I go to the market in order that / so that I buy a pen ( I buy a pen : là 1 mệnh đề)

15.Thought / althought / in spite of / despite: Mặc dù…….

Phân biệt :

Although + mệnh đề 1, mệnh đề 2

EX: Although/ though It rained heavily , he tried to come to class ( mặc dù mưa to nhưng anh ấy vẫn đến lớp )

In spite of/ despite + N/Ving/Pronoun

EX: despite / in spite of the heavy rain , we tried to come to the class

16. Enough: đủ

Enough + N:

EX: I don’t have enough money to buy this bike ( tôi không có đủ tiền để mua chiếc xe đạp này)

Tính từ + enough

EX:you are not old enough to get married ( bạn chưa đủ tuổi để cưới vợ)

BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP VỀ MẠO TỪ “A/AN/THE”

Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng để điền vào chỗ trống (chú ý: ký hiệu “x” có nghĩa là không cần mạo từ)

1. We are looking for _______ place to spend ________ night.

            A. the/the                   B. a/the           C. a/a              D. the/a

2. Please turn off ________ lights when you leave ________ room.

            A. the/the                   B. a/a              C. the/a           D. a/the

3. We are looking for people with ________experience.

            A. the                          B. a                 C. an               D. x

4. Would you pass me ________ salt, please?

            A. a                             B. the              C. an               D. x

5. Can you show me ________way to ________station?

            A. the/the                   B. a/a              C. the/a           D. a/the

6. She has read ________interesting book.

            A. a                             B. an               C. the              D. x

7. You’ll get ________shock if you touch ________ live wire with that screwdriver.

            A. an/the                    B. x/the          C. a/a              D. an/the

8. Mr. Smith is ________ old customer and ________ honest man.

            A. An/the                   B. the/an        C. an/an          D. the/the

9. ________ youngest boy has just started going to ________ school.

            A. a/x                          B. x/the          C. an/x            D. the/x

10. Do you go to ________ prison to visit him?

            A. the                          B. a                 C. x                 D. an

11. ________eldest boy is at ________ college.

            A. a/the                      B. the/x          C. x/ a             D. an/x

12. Are you going away next week? No, ________ week after next.

            A. an                           B. a                 C. the              D. x

13. Would you like to hear ________ story about ________ English scientist?

            A. an/the                    B. the/the       C. a/the           D. a/ an

14. There’ll always be a conflict between ________ old and ________ young.

            A. the/the                   B. an/a            C. an/the        D. the/a

15. There was ________ collision at ________ corner.

            A. the/a                      B. an/the        C. a/the           D. the/the

16. My mother thinks that this is ________ expensive shop.

            A. the                          B. an               C. a                 D. x

17. Like many women, she loves ________ parties and ________gifts.

            A. the/ a                     B. a/the           C. a/a              D. x/x

18. She works seven days ________ week.

            A. a                             B. the              C. an               D. x

19. My mother goes to work in ________ morning.

            A. a                             B. x                 C. the              D. an

20. I am on night duty. When you go to ________ bed, I go to ________ work.

            A. a/x                          B. a/the           C. the/x          D. x/x

Exercise 2: Câu chuyện sau được chia thành các câu nhỏ, hãy đọc và điền mạo từ thích hợp “a/an/ the hoặc x (không cần mạo từ)” vào chỗ trống:

1. There was ________knock on ________door. I opened it and found ________small dark man in ________blue overcoat and _______woolen cap.

2. He said he was ________employee of ________gas company and had come to read ________meter.

3. But I had ________suspicion that he wasn't speaking ________truth because ________meter readers usually wear ________peaked caps.

4. However, I took him to ________ meter, which is in ________dark corner under ________ stairs.

5. I asked if he had ________ torch; he said he disliked torches and always read ________ meters by ________light of ________match.

6. I remarked that if there was ________leak in ________ gas pipe there might be ________ explosion while he was reading ________meter.

7.  He said, “As ________matter of ________fact, there was ________explosion in ________last house I visited; and Mr. Smith, ________owner of ________house, was burnt in ________face.”

8.  “Mr. Smith was holding ________lighted match at ________time of ________explosion.”

9.  To prevent ________possible repetition of this accident, I lent him ________torch.

10.  He switched on ________torch, read ________meter and wrote ________ reading down on ________back of ________envelope.

11.  I said in ________surprise that ________meter readers usually put ________readings down in ________book.

12.  He said that he had had ________book but that it had been burnt in ________fire in________ Mr. Smith's house.

13. By this time I had come to ________conclusion that he wasn't ________genuine meter reader; and ________moment he left ________house I rang ________police.

Exercise 3: Điền mạo từ thích hợp “a/an/the hoặc x (không cần mạo từ)”” vào chỗ trống.

14. Are John and Mary ________cousins? ~

No, they aren't ________cousins; they are ________brother and ________sister.

15. ________fog was so thick that we couldn't see ________ side of ________road. We followed ________car in front of us and hoped that we were going ________right way.

16. I can't remember ________exact date of ________storm, but I know it was on ________Sunday because everybody was at ________church. On ________Monday ________post didn't come because ________roads were blocked by ________fallen

trees.

17. Peter thinks that this is quite ________ cheap restaurant.

18.       A: There's ________murder here. ~

B: Where's ________body?~

A: There isn't ________body. ~

B: Then how do you know there's been ________murder?

19. Number ________hundred and two, - ________house next door to us, is for sale.

It's quite ________nice house with ________big rooms ________back windows look out on ________park.

20. I don't know what ________price ________owners are asking. But Dry and Rot are ________agents. You could give them ________ring and make them ________offer.

21. ________postman's little boy says that he'd rather be ________dentist than ________doctor, because ________dentists don't get called out at ________night.

22.  Just as ________air hostess (there was only one on the plane) was handing me ________cup of ________coffee ________plane gave ________lurch and

________ coffee went all over ________person on ________other side of ________gangway.

23. There was ________collision between ________car and ________cyclist at ________ crossroads near ________my house early in ________morning.  

24. Professor Jones, ________man who discovered ________new drug that everyone is talking about, refused to give ________press conference.

25 Peter Piper, ________student in ________ professor's college, asked him why he refused to talk to ________press.

ĐÁP ÁN

Exercise 1:

1. B     2. A     3. D     4. B     5. A     6. B     7. B     8. C     9. D     10. A  

11. B   12. C   13. D   14. A   15. C   16. B   17. D   18. A   19. C   20. D

Exercise 2:

1. a - the -  a - a - a              

2. an - the - the                     

 3. a - the - x - x                   

4. the - the - the

5. a - x - the -  a                    

6. a - a - an - the       

7. a - x - an - the - the - the - the

8. a - the - the                       

9. a - a                                   

10. the - the - the - the - an

11. x - x - the - a      

12. a – the - x                       

13. the - a - the - the - the

Exercise 3:

14. x - x - x - x                     

15. The - the - the - the - the                      

16. the - the - x - the -  x -  the – x - x

17. a                           

18. a - the - a -  a                              

19. a -  the -  a - x - the -  the

20. x - the -  the -  a - an     

21. The - a - a - x - x                       

22.  the - a - x - the - a - the - the - the - the

23.  a - a - a - the – x - the.

24.  the - the - a

 25.  a - the - the

Từ chỉ lượng trong câu.1.  Complete the sentences with some or any.1. We didn’t buy _____ flowers.2. This evening I’m going out with _____ friends of mine.3. I didn’t have _____ money, so I had to borrow4. Can I have _____ milk on my coffee, please?5. I was too tired to do _____ work.6. Have you seen _____ good films recently?7. Can you give me _____ information about places of interest in the town?8. With the special tourist train ticket, you can travel on _____ train you like.9. If there are _____ words you don’t understand, use a dictionary.10.She went out without _____ money

2. Complete the conversation. Put in a lot of, many or much. More than one answer may be correct

Matthew: There are (1) _____ athletes taking part in the International Games in London. There’s been (2) _____ coverage in the papers.

Daniel : Our runners haven’t won (3) _____ medals, have they?

Matthew: No, not as (4) _____ as last time. But there is plenty of time. There are still (5) _____ events to come. I’d like to go and see some of the track events, but I haven’t got (6) _____ time at the moment.

Daniel : No, not with exams coming up. We’re having so (7) _____ lessons to study.

Matthew: I’m hoping to go at the weekend if I can get a ticket. Apparently there aren’t (8) _____ seats left.

Daniel : I’ve heard the cheapest tickets are $25, I think that’s too(9) _____

3. Put in a few, few, a little or little.1. I don’t think I can lift this box on my own. I need _____ help.2. _____ tourists visited Northern Ireland in the 1980s because of the terrorism

there.3. The postman doesn’t often come here. We receive _____ letters.4. The snow was quite deep. There seemed _____ hope of completing our

journey.5. Trevor doesn’t find it easy to fix the shelves. He’s having _____ trouble.

4. Complete this paragraph from the travel book. Put in many, few, much or little.

The main town of the island is very small and does not have(1) _____ important buildings. The islanders do not have (2) _____ money, and they have (3) _____ contact with the outside world. There is not (4) _____ chance of the place attracting large numbers of tourists. The roads are not very good. There are lots of bicycles but not (5) _____ cars. And there are hardly any of the modem facilities which visitors expect. There are (6) _____ shops, and there is (7) _____ entertainment.

5. Choose the correct words.1. We didn’t spend many/ much money.2. You must be quick. We have little/ a little time.3. They’ve got so much/ lots of money that they don’t know what to do with it.4. Did you take much/ many photographs when you were on holiday?5. Would you like less/ fewer coffee than this?

6. Choose from the list and complete the sentences. Use of where necessary.

that food       my friends    plants                     a chicken      birds

European      countries       accidents      my life          these clothes                cars

1. All _____ need water.2. None _____ will be at the party.

3. I have lived in this town most _____4. Sarah travels a lot. She has been to most _____5. Some _____ from the party was all right, but I threw some of it away.6. He’s eaten two pizzas and most _____7. Many _____ are caused by bad driving.8. Not all _____ can fly. For example, the penguin can’t fly.9. None _____ are in fashion now.10.Some _____ can go faster than others.

7. Put in each or every. Sometimes both are possible.1. She had a child holding on to _____ hand.2. The World Cup is hold _____ four years.3. None of the rooms was the same _____ room was different.4. _____ parent worries about their children.5. In a game of tennis there are two or four players _____ player has a racket.

Câu 1:1. Any2. Some3. Any- some4. Some5. Any6. Any7. Some8. Any9. Any/some10.Any

Câu 2:1. A lot of2. A lot of3. Many / a lot of4. Many5. A lot of6. Much/ a lot of7. Many8. Many/ a lot of9. Much

Câu 3:1. A little2. Few3. Few

4. Little5. A little6. A few7. Little8. A few9. A little10.A few

Câu 4:1. Many2. Much3. Little4. Much5. Many6. Few7. Little

Câu 5:1. Much2. Little3. Much4. Many5. Less

Câu 6:1. Plants2. Of my friends3. Of my life4. European countries5. Of that food6. Of a chicken7. Accidents8. Birds9. Of these clothes10.Cars

Câu 7:1. Each2. Every3. Each/ every4. Every5. Each

ENOUGH & TOO

Bài 1:

Complete the sentences using enough + the following words:

big chairs cups fit milk money

qualifications room time warm well

1 I can’t run very fat. I’m not fit enough.

2 Some of us had to sit on the floor because there weren’t enough chairs.

3 I’d like to buy a car, but I haven’t got .... at the moment

4 Have you got .... in your coffee or would you like some more?

5 Are you .... ? Or shall I switch on the hearing?

6 It’s only a small car. There’s isn’t .... for all of us.

7 Steve didn’t feel .... to go to work this morning.

8 I enjoyed my trip to Paris, but there wasn’t .... to do everything I

wanted.

9 Do you think I‘ve got .... to apply for the job?

10 Try this jacket on and see if it’s .... for you.

11 There weren’t .... for everybody to have coffee at the same time.

Bài 2:

Complete the answer to the questions. Use too or enough + the word(s)

in brackets.

1 Are they going to get married?

(old) No, they‘re not old enough to get married .

2 I need to talk to you about something.

(busy) Well, I‘m afraid I’m .... to you now.

3 Let’s go to the cinema.

(late) No, it’s .... to the cinema.

4 Why don’t we sit outside?

(warm) It’s not .... outside.

5 Would you like to be a politician?

(shy) No, I’m .... a politicitan.

6 Would you like to be a teacher?

(patience) No,I haven’t got .... a teacher.

7 Did you hear what he was saying?

(far away) No, we were .... what he was saying.

8 Can he read a newspaper in English.

(English) No, he doesn’t know .... a newspaper.

Bài 3:

Make one sentence from two. Complete the new sentence using too or

enough.

1 We couldn’t carry the boxes. They were too heavy.

The boxes were too heavy to carry.

2 I can’t drink this coffee. It’s too hot.

This coffee is ...................... .

3 Nobody could move the piano. It was too heavy.

The piano ........................... .

4 Don’t eat these apples. They’re not ripe enough.

These apples ........................ .

5 I can’t explain the situation. It is too complicated.

The situation ....................... .

6 We couldn’t climb over the wall. It was too high.

The wall ............................ .

7 Three people can’t sit on this sofa. It isn’t big enough.

8 You can’t see some things without a microscope. They are too small.

Some ................................ .

ĐÁP ÁN

Bài 1 :

3 enough money

4 enough milk

5 warm enough

6 enough room

7 well enough

8 enough time

9 enough qualifications

10 big enough

11 enough cups

Bài 2:

2 too busy to talk

3 too late to go

4 warm enough to sit

5 too shy to be

6 enough patience to be

7 too far away to hear

8 enough English to read

Bài 3:

2 This coffee is too hot to drink.

3 The piano was too heavy to move

4 These apples aren’t ripe enough to eat

5 The situation is too complicated to explain

6 The wall was too high to climb over

7 This sofa isn’t enough for three people

8 Some things are too small to see without a microscope.

BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP BECAUSE. BECAUSE OF , ALTHOUGH , DESPITE,..1. Although Nam is not an intelligent student, he can learn very fast.=> Despite / In spite of ______________________________________.

2. Because Hoa was rich, she could buy that house.=> Because of _____________________________.

3. Because the rain was so heavy, I couldn't go to school.=> Because of _________________________________.

4. His father asked him to go stay at home because he was sick.=> Because of ______________________________________.

5. Because there was an accident, I was late.=> Because of _______________________.

6. She failed the University entrance exam because her grades were bad.=> Because of _____________________________________________.

7. Although he has a physical handicap, he has become a successful business man.=> Despite ________________________________________________________.

8. Because of the cheap price, my wife insists on buying the Tivi.=> Because __________________________________________.

9. Although it was raining heavily, we still went to school.=> Despite / In spite of ____________________.

10. Because I studied hard, I passed the exam.=> Because of ________________________.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. Despite / In spite of  not being an intelligent student, he can learn very fast.

2. Because of Hoa’s richness, she could buy that house.

3. Because of  the heavy rain, I couldn't go to school.

4. Because of his sickness  his father asked him to go stay at home.

5. Because of an accident, I was late.

6. She failed the University entrance exam because of  her bad grades .

7. Despite his physical handicap, he has become a successful business man.

8. Because the price is cheap, my wife insists on buying the Tivi.

9. Despite / In spite of the heavy rain, we still went to school.

10. Because of studying hard , I passed the exam.

Bài tập về cấu trúc so....that such.......that trong tiếng anh Bài 1: Put in so, such or such a.

1 It’s difficult to understand him because he speaks so quietly.

2 I like Liz and Joe. They’re such nice people.

3 It was a great holiday. We had such a good time.

4 I was surprised that he looked .... well after his recent illness.

5 Everything is .... expensive these days,isn’t it?

6 The weather is beautiful, isn’t it? I didn’t expect it to be .... nice day.

7 I have to go.I didn’t realize it was .... late.

8 He always looks good. He wears .... nice clothes.

9 It was .... boring film that I felt asleep while I was watching it.

10 I couldn’t believe the news. It was .... shock.

11 I think she works too hard. She looks .... tired all the time.

12 The food at the hotel was .... awful. I’ve never eaten .... awful food.

13 They’ve got .... much money they don’t know what to do with it.

14 I didn’t realize you lived .... long way from the city centre.

15 The party was really great. It was .... pity you couldn’t come.

Bài 2: Make one sentence from two. Use so or such.

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|1 She worked hard.              | You could hear it from miles away.    ||2 It was a beautiful day.       | You would think it was her native     ||                                |language.                              |

|3 I was tired.                  | We spent the whole day indoors.       |

|4 We had a good time on holiday.| She made herself ill.                 ||5 She speaks English well.      | I couldn’t keep my eyes open          |

|6 I’ve got a lot to do.         | I didn’t eat anything else for the rest

|                                |of the day.                            |

|7 The music was loud.           | We decided to go to the beach.        ||8 I had a big breakfast.        | I didn’t know what to say.            |

|9 It was horrible weather.      | I don’t know where to begin.          |

|10 I was surprised.             | We didn’t want to come home.          |

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1 She worked so hard made herself ill.

2 It was such a beautiful day  we decided to go to the beach.

3 I was ......................................

4 ............................................

5 ............................................

6 ............................................

7 ............................................

8 ............................................

9 ............................................

10 ............................................

Bài 3: Use your own ideas to complete these pairs of sentences.

1 a, We enjoyed our holiday. It was so relaxing.

  b, We enjoyed our holiday. We had such a good time.

2 a, I like Catherine. She’s so ...... .

  b, I like Catherine. She’s such ...... .

3 a, I like New York. It‘s so ...... .

  b, I like New York. It’s such ...... .

4 a, I wouldn’t like to be a teacher. It’s so ...... .

  b, I wouldn’t like to be a teacher. It’s such ...... .

5 a, It’s great to see you again! I haven’t seen you for so ...... .

  b, It’s great to see you again! I haven’t seen you for such ......

Đáp án bài tậpBài 1.

4 so

5 so

6 such a

7 so

8 such

9 such a

10 such a

11 so

12 so .... such

13 so

14 such a

15 such a

Bài 2.

3 I was so tired (that) I couldn’t keep my eyes open.

4 We had such a good time on holiday we didn’t  want to cme home.

5 She speaks English so well you wouldn’t think if was her native

language or She speaks such good English.

6 I’ve got such a lot to do (that ) I don’t know where to begin of I’ve

got so much to do .

7 The music was so loud (that) you could hear it from miles away.

8 I had such a big breakfast I didn’t eat anything else for the rest of

the day.

9 It was such horrible weather we spent the whole day indoors.

10 I was so surprised I didn’t know what to say.

Bài 3.

2 a, She’s so friendly.

  b, She’s such a nice person.

3 a, It’s so lively.

  b, It’s such an exciting place.

4 a, It’s so exhausting.

  b, It’s such a difficult job.

5 a, I haven’t seen you for so long.

  b, I haven’t seen you for such a long time