S: Flexible Beam: Signal-based control - hatanaka lab...S: Flexible Beam: Signal-based control...

36
S: Flexible Beam: Signal-based control Reference: Robust and Optimal Control, Spring 2015 Instructor: Prof. Masayuki Fujita (S5-303B) M. Fujita, F. Matsumura and K. Uchida, Experiments on the Disturbance Attenuation Control of a Magnetic Suspension System, Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Decision and Control, Honolulu, Hawaii, December, 1990.

Transcript of S: Flexible Beam: Signal-based control - hatanaka lab...S: Flexible Beam: Signal-based control...

Page 1: S: Flexible Beam: Signal-based control - hatanaka lab...S: Flexible Beam: Signal-based control Reference: Robust and Optimal Control, Spring 2015 Instructor: Prof. Masayuki Fujita

S: Flexible Beam: Signal-based control

Reference:

Robust and Optimal Control, Spring 2015Instructor: Prof. Masayuki Fujita (S5-303B)

M. Fujita, F. Matsumura and K. Uchida, Experiments on the Disturbance Attenuation Control ofa Magnetic Suspension System, Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Decision and Control, Honolulu, Hawaii, December, 1990.

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図2 柔軟ビーム

Real Physical System

柔軟ビーム磁気浮上システム

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図3 柔軟ビーム磁気浮上系

Ideal Physical Model

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モデリングのための仮定

1. 磁気飽和,ヒステリシスがない.

2. うず電流は無視できる.

3. もれ磁束がない.

4. 鉄心の透磁率は無限大である.

5. 2 質量 からなる集中定数系として近似する.

6. インダクタンスは一定,速度起電力の項は無視.

,m M

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ビームの長さ

質量

質量

定常ギャップ

ビームのたわみ

固有振動数

電磁石抵抗

電磁石インダクタンス

パラメータ 記号 値 単位

l2m

M1X2X

nf

RL

8.38.536.100.53.125.4

5716.3

mkgkgmmmmHz

H

定常電流 I 885.0 A重力加速度 g 8.9 2m/s

m = 5.8 ;M = 10.36 ;X1 = 5e-3 ;X2 = 12.3e-3 ;R = 57 ;L = 3.16;I = 0.885gg = 9.8

MATLAB program

パラメータ

k = 0.0034;alpha = 2064;beta = 0.327

0034.0k2064

327.0

]A/Nm[ 22

]N/m[]Ns/m[

MATLAB program

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Ideal Mathematical Model

beammag ffmgdt

xdm 21

2

2

11

xXiIkfmag

))(2())(2( 122122 xxXdtdxxXfbeam

beamfMgdt

xdM 222

2

柔軟ビーム

電磁石

eRidtdiL

O

)(2 22 xX

1x

AB

22 xX

122 )(2 xxX

mv

Mv

Lv

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Reduced Mathematical Model

線形化

dtdx

dtdxxx

dtxdM 21

2122

2

4242

dtdx

dtdxi

IgmMxxg

XmM

dtxdm 21

211

21

2

2)2(22

1xy

出力

)(sPe

mv

Mv

0w

1x

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状態空間表現

uBxAx pppp

pp xCy

Tp ixxxxx ][: 2121 eu :

,

00000/4/2

/2/0100000100

hMMfd

cmmbaAp

j

Bp

0000

,00001pC

,21:1

g

XmM

ma ,2:

mb ,2: g

mImMc

,2:M

d ,4:

Mf

,:LRh

Lj 1:

TLMm vvvv ][:0

0vDg

0w

LM

mDp

/1000/1000/1000000

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,

0.180000031.1654.0797399

9.41654.0327.071270700100000100

pA

317.00000

pB

,00001gC

317.00000965.0000172.0000000

pD

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Ma = ( ( ( M+2*m )/X1 )*gg – alpha ) / m ;Mb = 2*alpha / m ;Mc = -( ( M+2*m ) / ( m*I ) )*gg ;Md = 2*alpha / M ;Mf = -4*alpha / M ;Mh = -R / L ;Mj = 1 / L ;

Ap = [ 0 0 1 0 0 ;0 0 0 1 0 ;

Ma Mb -beta/m 2*beta/m Mc ;Md Mf 2*beta/M -4*beta/M 0 ;0 0 0 0 Mh ]

Bp = [ 0; 0; 0; 0; Mj ]Cp = [ 1 0 0 0 0 ]

MATLAB program

Dp=[0 0 0;0 0 0;1/m 0 0;0 1/M 0;0 0 1/L];

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CO = ctrb(Ap,Bp);CO_rank = rank(CO)OB = obsv(Ap,Cp);OB_rank = rank(OB)

ppppppppp BABABABABCO 432

制御対象は,可制御,可観測である

5)(rank CO

5)(rank OB

432ppppppppp ACACACACCOB

可制御性,可観測性

MATLAB program

'

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伝達関数表現

ppp BAsICsP 1)()(

P_ss = ss ( Ap, Bp, Cp, Dp ) ;zpk(P_ss)P_pole = pole ( P_ss )P_zero = zero ( P_ss )

,1043.8

,1042.8

,1080.1 109.281086.6 2 j

零点

1082.21031.6 2 j

不安定極

5 次の線形時不変系(LTI システム)であり,不安定系・振動系

振動モード

MATLAB program

)9.280686.0)(0.18)(2.84)(3.84()2.280631.0(3.13)(

jssssjssP

P_sys = pck(Ap,Bp,Cp,Dp);

* MATLAB 6.5 用

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80

160

120

310 310110110

310 310110110

180

90

ゲイン

[dB

]位相

[deg

]

)(sP図6 プラント

0

30

30

0 100100

図7 プラント の極・零点)(sP

omega1=logspace(-3,3,150);bode ( P_ss, omega1 ) ;pzmap (P_ss)

MATLAB program

[rad/sec]

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[ 制御問題 ]Hある指定した に対して,閉ループ系を内部安定

とし,かつ

R

|||| zwTを満たすコントローラが存在するかどうか判定し,

存在する場合はそのようなコントローラを求めよ.

uBwBAxx 21 uDwDxCz 12111 uDwDxCy 22212

への閉ループ伝達関数 の ノルム:)(sTzw

状態空間表現

||)(|| sTzwzw H

)(sK

)(sGw z

yu

H 制御

図8 一般化プラント

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最悪状態設計問題

)()()(0 svsWsv v

)()()(0 swsWsw w

uz

zz

z g

2

1: pgg xH

xxxx

z

2

1

2

1

:

01000001000001000001

:gH

4

3

2

1

000000000000

:

)(sK

1)( pAsI

yu

1z

2z

w)(sG

pB pC

gH

pDvW

wW

v

0v

0w

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閉ループ伝達関数

,)(2

1

wv

szz

)()()()(

:)(22

11

ssss

swzvz

wzvz

)()(

:)(2

1

ss

svz

vzzv )())()()((

)(1 sWDsCsKBIs

CsKH

vpppp

g

)()(

:)(2

1

ss

swz

wzzw )())()()((

)( 1 sWsKsPIsKI

BsHw

pg

1)(:)( pAsIs

最悪状態設計問題

)()()()(

22

11

ssss

wzvz

wzvz

)(sK

1)( pAsI

yu

1z

2z

w)(sG

pB pC

gH

pDvW

wW

v

0v

0w

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,:

wv

d

dtddRuuQzzduJ TTg

Tg ))((),( 2

,0: TQ 0: 2 R

最悪状態設計問題の解釈

線形2次形式評価関数

0

最悪外乱に対する最適制御

u :評価関数を最小化

d :評価関数を最大化

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,111

)()(

swsW vv

周波数重み )(sWv

21 21

21

)(

vv

vv

fs

fs

ksw

,016.01 vf ,5.02 vf 31076.9 vk

310 310110110

80

40

40

0

vk12 vf

ゲイン

[dB

]

)(sWv図 周波数重み

)(sWv

22 vffv1=0.016;fv2=0.5;kv=9.76e3;Wv1_tf = tf([1],[1/(2*pi*fv1) 1])Wv2_tf = tf([1],[1/(2*pi*fv2) 1]);Wv_tf = kv* wv1_tf * wv2_tf;[Wv_tf_n,Wv_tf_d] = tfdata(Wv_tf,’v’);Wv_sys = nd2sys(Wv_tf_n,Wv_tf_d);Wv_k = [1 1 1]';bodemag(wv_tf,omega1)

MATLAB program

[rad/sec]

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周波数重み )(sWw

)(sWw

,01.01 wf

fw1=0.01; fw2=0.05; fw3=3.0; fw4=5.0; fw5=8.0; fw6=100.0; kw=5.21e-7;Ww1_tf = tf([1/(2*pi*fw1) 1],[1/(2*pi*fw3) 1]);Ww2_tf = tf([1/(2*pi*fw2) 1],[1/(2*pi*fw4) 1]);Ww3_tf = tf([1/(2*pi*fw6) 1],[1/(2*pi*fw5) 1]);Ww_tf = Ww1_tf * Ww2_tf * Ww3_tf * kw;[Wv_tf_n,Wv_tf_d] = tfdata(Wv_tf,’v’);Wv_sys = nd2sys(Wv_tf_n,Wv_tf_d);bodemag(Ww_tf,omega1)

621 21

21

21

wwww f

sfs

fsk

543 21

21

21

www fs

fs

fs

,05.02 wf ,0.33 wf

,0.54 wf ,0.85 wf 1006 wfMATLAB program

310 310110110

40

120

80

ゲイン

[dB

]

)(sWw図 周波数特性

)(sWw

[rad/sec]

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重み係数

4

3

2

1

000000000000

:

,0.661

,35.02

,91.03

,70.04

重み係数 5100.8 theta_1 = 66.0 ;

theta_2 = 0.35 ;theta_3 = 0.91 ;theta_4 = 0.70 ;Theta = diag ( [ theta_1; theta_2; theta_3; theta_4] ) ;rho = 8e-5 ;Hg = [1 0 0 0 0; 0 1 0 0 0; 0 0 1 0 0; 0 0 0 1 0];

MATLAB program

係数 gH

01000001000001000001

:gH

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一般化プラント

Psi_ss = ss(Ap,eye(5),eye(5),zeros(5));systemnames = 'Psi_ss Bp Cp Dp Wv_tf …

Wv_k Ww_tf Hg Theta rho';inputvar = '[ w; v; control ]';outputvar = '[ Theta; rho; -Cp-Ww_tf]';input_to_Psi_ss = '[ Bp + Dp ]';input_to_Bp = '[ control ]';input_to_Cp = '[ Psi_ss ]';input_to_Dp = '[ Wv_k ]';

MATLAB program

input_to_Wv_tf = '[ v ]';input_to_Wv_k = '[ Wv_tf ]';input_to_Ww_tf = '[ w ]';input_to_Hg = '[ Psi_ss ]';input_to_Theta = '[ Hg ]';input_to_rho = '[ control ]';G_ss = sysic;minfo(G_ss)

)(sK

1)( pAsI

yu

1z

2z

w)(sG

pB pC

gH

pDvW

wW

v

0v

0w

* MATLAB 7 用

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Psi_sys = pck(Ag,eye(5),eye(5),zeros(5));systemnames = 'Psi_sys Bp Cp Dp Wv_sys …

Wv_k Ww_sys Hg Theta rho';inputvar = '[ w; v; control ]';outputvar = '[ Theta; rho; -Cp-Ww_sys]';input_to_Psi_sys = '[ Bp + Dp ]';input_to_Bp = '[ control ]';input_to_Cp = '[ Psi_sys ]';input_to_Dp = '[ Wv_k ]';

MATLAB program

input_to_Wv_sys = '[ v ]';input_to_Wv_k = '[Wv_sys ]';input_to_Ww_tf = '[ w ]';input_to_Hg = '[ Psi_sys ]';input_to_Theta = '[ Hg ]';input_to_rho = '[ control ]';sysoutname = 'G_sys';cleanupsysic = 'yes';sysic;

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)007571.0)(314.3)(75.14)(3732()01.18)(85.18)(42.31)(27.50)(42.84(1072.3)(

10

ssss

ssssssK

)3.29412.0)(0.311.53)(479616()17.240.2)(9.28689.0(

jsjsjsjsjs

コントローラ )(sK

,3732極安定

,75.14

,007571.0,314.3

,479616 j

,0.311.53 j

3.29412.0 j310 310110110

270

90

ゲイン

[dB

]位相

[deg

]

)(sK図 コントローラ

180

310 31011011080

140

100

120

安定化

[rad/sec]

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MATLAB program

[K_ss,Cloop_ss,gam] = hinfsyn(G_ss,1,1,’gmax’,1,’gmin’,1);

[K_sys,Cloop_sys,gam] = hinfsyn(G,1,1,1.0,1.0,0.01)[K_A,K_B,K_C,K_D] = unpck(K_sys);K_ss = ss(K_A,K_B,K_C,K_D);

zpk(K_ss)[K_pole,K_zero] = pzmap(K_ss);bode(K_ss,omega1)

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開ループ伝達関数

310 310110110

ゲイン

[dB

]位相

[deg

]

図 開ループ伝達関数

310 310110110

40

40

0L

180

270

90

L_ss =P_ss*K_ss;bode(L_ss,omega1);[ Gm, Pm, Wgc, Wcp ] …

= margin( L_ss );Gm = 20*log10(Gm);

59.1 ]dB[ゲイン余裕

位相余裕 6.37 [deg]ゲイン交差周波数 9.25 sec]/rad[位相交差周波数 25.9 sec]/rad[

最悪状態設計問題

混合感度問題

MATLAB program

ノッチ

[rad/sec]

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040 20

0

20

20

0

515

図 ベクトル軌跡図 ベクトル軌跡

5

5

nyquist ( L_ss )

MATLAB program

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閉ループ系の特性

,1072.3 3,1071.21079.2 22 j

0

300

300

0 10004000図 閉ループ系の極・零点

0 14 2

0

30

30

T = feedback( L_ss,1 );close_p = pole( T )close_z = zero( T )pzmap( T )

図 閉ループ系の極・零点(拡大図)2000

,1028.6 2

,1044.8 1 ,1024.7 1,1089.21092.6 11 j

,1082.208.2 1 j ,13.852.3 j ,18.307.8 j,1003.5 ,1080.1 ,1014.3 ,1001.1 1 ,14.3 ,1089.1 1

MATLAB program

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310 310110110

図 閉ループ系の周波数特性

0

80

40

ゲイン

[dB

]

zv

,zv

zw

zw

MATLAB program

310 310110110

)(図 閉ループ系の周波数特性

1

9.0[rad/sec]

閉ループ系の特性

[rad/sec]

ゲイン

nom_perf_ss = Cloop_ss(1:5,1);nom_perf_sv = sigma(nom_perf_ss, omega1);

semilogx(omega1,nom_perf_sv)hold onsemilogx(omega1,rob_stab_sv)figuresigma(Cloop_ss,omega1);

[Cloop_A,Cloop_B,Cloop_C,Cloop_D] = unpck(Cloop_sys);

Cloop_ss = ss(Cloop_A,Cloop_B,Cloop_C,Cloop_D);

rob_stab_ss = Cloop_ss(1:5,2);Rob_stab_sv = sigma(rob_stab_ss,

omega1);

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ggg DsCsKBIssR 1))()()((:)(

外乱が状態変数に与える影響

低周波数帯域で小さい

)()(

:)(2

1

ss

svz

vzzv )())()()((

)(1 sWDsCsKBIs

CsKH

vgggg

g

)()()(

sWsRCsK

Hv

g

g

加法的な変動に対するロバスト安定性の指標1))()()((:)( sKsGIsKsQ

)()(

:)(2

1

ss

swz

wzzw )())()()((

)( 1 sWsKsGIsKI

BsHw

gg

)()()(

sWsQI

BsHw

gg

不確かさの大きい周波数帯域で小さい

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ロバスト安定性PKI

K

310 310110110

図 ロバスト安定性

60

160

80

120

100

140

最悪状態設計問題

混合感度問題

MATLAB program

[rad/sec]ゲイン

[dB

]

S_ss = feedback(1,L_ss);T_ss = S_ss * K_ss;bodemag(T_ss,omega1)

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実験結果

外乱応答

21 ]N[約 に相当する電圧 100 ]N[定常吸引力 約

時間 [s]

図 ステップ状外乱に対する時間応答最悪状態設計問題:変動なし

0 21 5

0.1

変位

[mm

]1x

3 40.1

0.0

0.0

変位

[mm

]2x

0.1

0.10 21 53 4

0 21 5

0.1

変位

[mm

]1x

3 40.1

0.0

時間 [s]

0.0

変位

[mm

]2x

0.1

0.10 21 53 4

図 ステップ状外乱に対する時間応答混合感度問題:変動なし

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図 ステップ状外乱に対する時間応答最悪状態設計問題: 63.9M

(1) ビーム中央部の質量 を から にする.M 36.10 ]kg[ 63.9 ]kg[

]kg[

時間 [s]

0 21 5

0.1

変位

[mm

]1x

3 40.1

0.0

0.0

変位

[mm

]2x

0.2

0.20 21 53 4

0 21 5

0.1

変位

[mm

]1x

3 40.1

0.0

時間 [s]

0.0

変位

[mm

]2x

0.2

0.20 21 53 4

図 ステップ状外乱に対する時間応答混合感度問題: 63.9M ]kg[

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(2) ビーム中央部の質量 を から にする.M 36.10 ]kg[ 06.8 ]kg[

図 ステップ状外乱に対する時間応答最悪状態設計問題: 06.8M ]kg[

時間 [s]

0.1

変位

[mm

]1x

0.1

0.0

0.10

0.10

0.0

変位

[mm

]2x

0 21 53 4

0 21 53 4

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(3) ビーム中央部の質量 を から にする.M 36.10 ]kg[ 51.11 ]kg[

図 ステップ状外乱に対する時間応答最悪状態設計問題: 51.11M ]kg[

時間 [s]

0.1

変位

[mm

]1x

0.1

0.0

0.2

0.2

0.0

変位

[mm

]2x

0 21 53 4

0 21 53 4

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35

(4) 電磁石側の質量 を から にする.m 80.5 ]kg[ 82.6 ]kg[

図 ステップ状外乱に対する時間応答最悪状態設計問題: 82.6m ]kg[

時間 [s]

0.1

変位

[mm

]1x

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

変位

[mm

]2x

0 21 53 4

0 21 53 4

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図 ステップ状外乱に対する時間応答最悪状態設計問題: 0.62R

(5) 電磁石部の抵抗 を から にする.R 0.57 ][ 0.62 ][

時間 [s]

0.1

変位

[mm

]1x

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

変位

[mm

]2x

0 21 53 4

0 21 53 4

][