RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯—K †evW© KZ…©K 2013 wk¶vel© † ‡K · 3/7/2013 · RvZxq...

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RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy —K †evW© KZ…©K 2013 wk¶vel© †_‡K mßg †kªwYi cvV¨cy —Ki~‡c wba©vwiZ

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cÖm½-K_v wk¶v RvZxq Rxe‡bi m‡e©vZgyLx Dbœq‡bi c~e©kZ©| Avi ª“Z cwieZ©bkxj we‡k¦i P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejv K‡i evsjv‡`k‡K Dbœqb I mg„w×i w`‡K wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb mywkw¶Z Rbkw³| fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq †`k Movi Rb¨ wk¶v_©xi Aš—wbwn©Z †gav I m¤¢vebvi cwic~Y© weKv‡k mvnvh¨ Kiv gva¨wgK wk¶vi Ab¨Zg j¶¨| GQvov cÖv_wgK —‡i AwR©Z wk¶vi †gŠwjK Ávb I `¶Zv m¤cÖmvwiZ I mymsnZ Kivi gva¨‡g D”PZi wk¶vi †hvM¨ K‡i †ZvjvI G —‡ii wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨| ÁvbvR©‡bi GB cÖwµqvi wfZi w`‡q wk¶v_©x‡K †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I cwi‡ekMZ cUf~wgi †cÖw¶‡Z `¶ I †hvM¨ bvMwiK K‡i †ZvjvI gva¨wgK wk¶vi Ab¨Zg we‡eP¨ welq|

RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ-2010 Gi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L cwigvwR©Z n‡q‡Q gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii wk¶vµg| cwigvwR©Z GB wk¶vµ‡g RvZxq Av`k©, j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I mgKvjxb Pvwn`vi cÖwZdjb NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q, †mB mv‡_ wk¶v_©x‡ì eqm, †gav I MÖnY ¶gZv Abyhvqx wkLbdj wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov wk¶v_©xi ˆbwZK I gvbweK g~j¨‡eva †_‡K ïi“ K‡i BwZnvm I HwZn¨ †PZbv, gnvb gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv, wkí-mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZ‡eva, †`k‡cÖg‡eva, cÖK…wZ-†PZbv Ges ag©-eY©-†MvÎ I bvix-cyi“l wbwe©‡k‡l mevi cÖwZ mggh©v`v‡eva RvMÖZ Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKwU weÁvbgb¯‹ RvwZ MV‡bi Rb¨ Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î weÁv‡bi ¯ZtùZ© cÖ‡qvM I wWwRUvj evsjv‡`‡ki i~cKí-2021 Gi j¶¨ ev —evq‡b wk¶v_©x‡ì m¶g K‡i †Zvjvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

bZzb GB wk¶vµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii cÖvq mKj cvV¨cy —K| D³ cvV¨cy¯—K cÖYq‡b wk¶v_©x‡ì mvg_© , cÖeYZv I c~e© AwfÁZv‡K ¸i“‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvV¨cy¯—K¸‡jvi welq wbe©vPb I Dc ’vc‡bi †¶‡Î wk¶v_©xi m„Rbkxj cÖwZfvi weKvk mva‡bi w`‡K we‡klfv‡e ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi ïi“‡Z wkLbdj hy³ K‡i wk¶v_©xi AwR©Ze¨ Áv‡bi Bw½Z cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges wewPÎ KvR, m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I Ab¨vb¨ cÖkœ ms‡hvRb K‡i g~j¨vqb‡K m„Rbkxj Kiv n‡q‡Q|

kvixwiK wk¶v I ^v ’ welqwU g~jZ my ’¨ †`n I mRxe gb GB Rxeb `k©‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i cÖYxZ| †`k-we‡`‡ki wewPÎ †Ljvayjv PP©vi wfZi w`‡q wk¶v_©xiv †hb Kg©¶g mybvMwiK wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K M‡o Zzj‡Z cv‡i †mw`K we‡ePbvq †i‡L cvV wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

GKwesk kZ‡Ki A½xKvi I cÖZ¨q‡K mvg‡b †i‡L cwigvwR©Z wk¶vµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K cvV¨cy —KwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB cvV¨cy¯—KwUi AviI mg„w×mva‡bi Rb¨ †h‡Kv‡bv MVbg~jK I hyw³m½Z civgk© ¸i“‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ewPZ n‡e| cvV¨cy¯—K cÖYq‡bi wecyj Kg©h‡Ái g‡a¨ AwZ ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ cy —KwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q| d‡j wKQz fyjÎ“wU †_‡K †h‡Z cv‡i| cieZ©x ms¯‹iY¸‡jv‡Z cvV¨cy —KwU‡K AviI my›ì, †kvfb I Î“wUgy³ Kivi †Póv Ae¨vnZ, _vK‡e| evbv‡bi †¶‡Î Abym„Z n‡q‡Q evsjv GKv‡Wgx KZ…©K cÖYxZ evbvbixwZ|

cvV¨cy —KwU iPbv, m¤úv`bv, wPÎv¼b, bgybv cÖkœvw` cÖYqb I cÖKvkbvi Kv‡R hviv Avš—wiKfv‡e †gav I kªg w`‡q‡Qb Zuv‡ì abëv` Ávcb KiwQ| cvV¨cy —KwU wk¶v_©x‡ì Avbw›`Z cvV I cÖZ¨vwkZ `¶Zv AR©b wbwðZ Ki‡e e‡j Avkv Kwi|

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Aa¨v‡qi Aa¨v‡qi wk‡ivbvg c„ôv cÖ_g kixiPP©v I my¯’Rxeb 1-10

wØZxq ¯‹vDwUs, Mvj©, MvBwWs 11-22

Z…Zxq ¯^v¯’¨weÁvb cwiwPwZ I ¯^v¯’¨‡mev 23-29

PZz_© eqtmwÜKv‡ji e¨w³MZ wbivcËv 30-36

cÂg Rxe‡ib Rb¨ †Ljvayjv 37-52

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kixiPP©v I my ’Rxeb

cÖvPxbKv‡j kixiPP©vi g~j j¶¨ wQj my¯’ I mej †`n KvVv‡gv MVb A_©vr mvwe©Kfv‡e ˆ`wnK DbœwZ| †`‡ni mv‡_ g‡bi Nwbô m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| G Kvi‡Y ˆ`wnK DbœwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ e¨w³i gvbwmK, mvgvwRK I ˆbwZK DbœwZI m¤ú„³ n‡q‡Q| kvixwiK A½mÂvjb I †Ljvayjvi gva¨‡g kvixwiK my ’Zv AR©b, wPËwe‡bv`b, k„sLjv‡eva I †bZ…Z¡ v‡bi ¶gZv AR©b Kiv hvq| †`‡ni DbœwZ I gvbwmK weKvk mvab K‡i kvixwiK m¶gZv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g my ’ RxebhvcbB n‡jv Gi g~j j¶¨|

kixiPP©v I my¯’Rxeb

G Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv - 1. avivevwnKZvmn we`¨vj‡q cÖvZ¨wnK mgv‡e‡ki wbqgvewj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie| 2. my ’ Rxe‡bi Rb¨ cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨wewa eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie| 3. kixi MV‡bi Rb¨ e¨vqv‡gi cÖfve we‡k −lY Ki‡Z cvie| 4. AwZwi³ e¨vqv‡gi Kydj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie| 5. miÄvgwenxb I miÄvgmn e¨vqv‡gi wbqgKvbyb eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie| 6. cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b mgqvbyewZ©Zv Abymi‡Yi e¨vcv‡i DØy× ne| 7. wbqgKvbyb †g‡b miÄvgmn e¨vqvg Ki‡Z cvie|

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cvV-1 : cÖvZ¨wnK mgv‡e‡ki wbqgvewj we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v_©xiv cÖZ¨n K¬vm ïiy nIqvi c~‡e© k„sLjvi mv‡_ mvwie×fv‡e we`¨vj‡qi mvg‡bi gv‡V ev †Lvjv RvqMvq Dcw¯’Z n‡e| mgv‡e‡k nvDR ev †kªwY Abymv‡i ùvov‡e| cÖavb wk¶K, †kªwYwk¶K, kvixwiK wk¶K I mgv‡ek cwiPvjbvKvix wk¶v_©xiv hvi hvi wbw ©ó ¯’v‡b uvov‡e| uvov‡bvi mgq A‡c¶vK…Z Kg D”PZvi wk¶v_©xiv mvg‡b ùvov‡e, eoiv µgvš‡q wcQ‡b ùvov‡e|

mgv‡e‡ki avivevwnK Kvh©µg -

1. RvZxq cZvKv D‡Ëvjb : RvZxq cZvKv D‡Ëvj‡bi mgq mK‡j Ô†mvRvÕ ev ÔG¨v‡UbkbÕ Ae¯’vq _vK‡e| †KD bovPov Ki‡e bv| cÖavb wk¶K ev GKRb wmwbqi wk¶K cZvKv D‡Ëvjb Ki‡eb|

2. RvZxq cZvKv‡K m¤§vb cÖ k©b : mgv‡ek cwiPvjbvKvix wk¶v_©x hLb ej‡e- ÔcZvKv‡K m¤§vb cÖ k©b K‡ivÕ, ZLb mK‡j GKmv‡_ cZvKvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Wvb nvZ Kcvj eivei Zz‡j Awfev`b Rvbv‡e| hLb ej‡e, ÔnvZ bvgvIÕ, ZLb GKmv‡_ nvZ bvgv‡e|

3. ag©MÖš’ †_‡K cvV : GKRb wk¶v_©x mvg‡b G‡m Zvi wbR ag©MÖš’ †_‡K wbw`©ó Ask cvV Ki‡e| Ab¨ wk¶v_©xiv gb w`‡q ïb‡e| G mgq mKj wk¶v_©x ÔAviv‡g ùvov‡bvÕ Ae¯’vq _vK‡e|

4. kc_ MÖnY : kc_ MÖn‡Yi mgq mKj wk¶v_©x Ô†mvRvÕ Ae¯’vq _vK‡e| Wvb nvZ Kuva eivei Zzj‡e| nv‡Zi Zvjy †Lvjv, Z‡e Av½yj¸‡jv GKÎ _vK‡e| GKRb wk¶v_©x mvg‡b G‡m kc_evK¨ cvV Ki‡e Ges mKj wk¶v_©x mg¯^‡i Zvi mv‡_ Zv cvV Ki‡e| kc_ MÖnY †k‡l ÔnvZ bvgvIÕ ejvi mv‡_ mv‡_ mK‡j GKmv‡_ nvZ bvgv‡e|

5. RvZxq msMxZ : wk¶KgÊjx I wk¶v_©x mK‡j Ô†mvRvÕ Ae ’vq _vK‡e Ges mK‡j GKmv‡_ RvZxq msMxZ MvB‡e|

6. cÖavb wk¶‡Ki fvlY : cÖavb wk¶K ev Zuvi Abycw ’wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv wmwbqi wk¶K fvlY †`‡eb|

7. wc.wU Abykxjb : fvlY †k‡l kvixwiK wk¶K cuvP wgwbU mg‡eZ e¨vqvg Kiv‡eb| Z‡e Ggb ai‡bi wc.wU Kiv‡bv hv‡e bv, hv‡Z wk¶v_©x‡ì RvgvKvc‡o gqjv jv‡M|

8. mgv‡ek †k‡l †kªwYwk¶K ev †kÖwYi `j‡bZvi †bZ„‡Z¡ wk¶v_x© mvwie×fv‡e ¯^ ¯^ K¬¬v‡m P‡j hv‡e|

KvR-1 : mgv‡e‡ki Kvh©µg¸‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e eY©bv Ki| KvR-2 : mgv‡e‡k †K †Kv_vq ùvov‡e Zv gv‡V wM‡q cÖ k©b Ki|

cvV-2 : cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨wewai aviYv

¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ e¨w³MZ ¯^v¯’ï¶vi cvjbxq wewa-weavbB n‡jv ¯v ’ wewa| ¯v ’ m¤úwK©Z Ávb¸‡jv‡K e¨w³MZ Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœqb Ges my v ’ AR©b m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb K‡i| e¨w³MZ ¯v ’ fv‡jv ivL‡Z hv wKQz Kiv ev wbqg cvj‡bi cÖ‡qvRb, Zv e¨w³‡KB Ki‡Z n‡e| ¯v ’ i¶vq †hme wewa †g‡b Pj‡Z nq, Zv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv -

1. kvixwiK cwi”QbœZv : †iv‡Mi AvµgY cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ Avgv‡ì kvixwiKfv‡e cwi”Qbœ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| †`n Acwi®‹vi ev Acwi”Qbœ _vK‡j †ivM-RxevYy mn‡R †`‡n cÖ‡ek K‡i| G Rb¨ cwi”Qbœ _vKvi wbqg¸‡jv cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb-



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1.1 wbqwgZ †Mvmj : wewfbœ KvRKg© I †Ljvayjv Kivi mgq Mv‡q gqjv †j‡M kixi Acwi”Qbœ nq| G‡Z kix‡i RxevYy †Xv‡K| G Rb¨ cÖwZw`bB †Mvmj Kiv DwPZ| †Mvm‡ji mgq mvevb gvLv fv‡jv| G‡Z mn‡R gqjv I Nv‡gi MÜ `~i nq|

1.2 ùvZ I gyL cwi®‹vi : mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K D‡V Ges Avnv‡ii ci uvZ I gyL fv‡jvfv‡e cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e| ùvZ bv gvR‡j ùv‡Zi duv‡K Lv`¨KYv R‡g gy‡L yM©Ü Qovq I uv‡Zi ¶wZ K‡i| iv‡Z †kvqvi Av‡M uvZ cwi®‹vi Kiv DwPZ|

1.3 Pz‡ji hZœ : ïay †mŠ›`‡h©i Rb¨ bq eis †`‡ni cwi”QbœZvi Rb¨ cÖZ¨n Pz‡ji hZœ †bqv cÖ‡qvRb| †Mvm‡ji ci cÖZ¨n wPiywb w`‡q Pzj AuvPov‡bv fv‡jv| G‡Z Pz‡ji †Mvov k³ nq I Pz‡ji †fZi gqjv Rg‡Z cv‡i bv| mßv‡n Kgc‡¶ `yB w`b Pz‡j mvevb †Ìqv DwPZ|

1.4 bL KvUv : nv‡Zi bL GKUz eo n‡jB †K‡U †djv DwPZ| bL eo n‡j Zvi g‡a¨ gqjv R‡g _v‡K| Avnv‡ii mgq †mB gqjv Lvev‡ii mv‡_ †c‡U cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges bvbv iKg †c‡Ui AmyL m„wó K‡i|

1.5 nvZ cwi®‹vi Kiv : nvZ w`‡q Avgiv mewKQz awi I bvbv KvR Kwi| G Rb¨ nv‡Z gqjv †j‡M _v‡K| nvZ cwi®‹vi bv K‡i †mB nvZ w`‡q Lvevi LvIqv wVK bq| Lvevi Av‡M cÖwZeviB nvZ fv‡jvfv‡e cwi®‹vi Kiv DwPZ|

1.6 gjg~Î Z¨vM : mKv‡j kh¨vZ¨v‡Mi ci gjg~Î Z¨v‡Mi Af¨vm Kiv fv‡jv| gjg~Î Z¨v‡Mi †eM KL‡bv `gb Kiv DwPZ bq| ˆ`wbK Lv`¨ZvwjKvq djg~j I kvKmewR _vKv fv‡jv| G‡Z †KvôKvwVb¨ nq bv, mn‡R gjZ¨vM Kiv hvq| cÖwZw`b GKRb c~Y©eq¯‹ gvby‡li M‡o 10/12 M−vm cvwb cvb Kiv cª‡qvRb| G‡Z kixi †_‡K `~wlZ c`v_© Nvg I cÖmªv‡ei mv‡_ †ei n‡q hvq|

2. evmM„‡ni cwi”QbœZv : N‡i hv‡Z ch©vß Av‡jv evZvm mn‡R cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i, Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K Rvbvjv, ìRv _vK‡Z n‡e| Ni I Gi Avkcvk me mgq cwi®‹vi ivL‡Z n‡e| N‡ii †g‡S cÖwZw`b mKvj- we‡Kj gyQ‡Z ev Svo– w`‡Z n‡e| KuvPv Ni n‡j gv‡S gv‡S †jc‡Z n‡e| cvKv `vjvb n‡j K‡qK eQi ci ci cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹vi I is Kiv DwPZ|

3. Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi wbqg : Lv`¨ MÖn‡Y wb‡Pi wbqg¸‡jv cvjb Kiv fv‡jv -

3.1 wbw ©ó mg‡q Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e| 3.2 cPv, evwm Lvevi cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e| †h Lv`¨ mn‡R nRg nq, †Zgb Lvevi LvIqv DwPZ| 3.3 Lvevi wPwe‡q I ax‡i ax‡i †L‡Z n‡e| 3.4 †ewk bv †L‡q cwiwgZ Lvevi †L‡Z n‡e| 3.5 me ai‡bi Lvevi LvIqvi Af¨vm Ki‡Z n‡e| 3.6 Lvev‡i kvKmewRi cwigvY †ewk _vK‡Z n‡e|

4. †cvkvK-cwi”Q` : †`‡ni †mŠ›`h© e„w×, kxZ I DËvc †_‡K †`n‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ mg‡qvc‡hvMx †cvkvK civ DwPZ| cwi‡aq e ¿vw` cÖZ¨n ay‡q ïKv‡bv fv‡jv| Nvghy³ ev 2/3 w`‡bi gqjv Kvco civ A¯^v¯’¨Ki|

5. †Ljvayjv I e¨vqvg : kixi my¯’ I mej ivL‡Z †Ljvayjv I e¨vqvg Kiv DwPZ| Z‡e g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, AwZwi³ †Kv‡bv wKQzB fv‡jv bq| mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx †Ljvayjv I cwiwgZ e¨vqvg Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j kixi my ’ I A½cÖZ¨½mg~n my`„p n‡e|

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6. wekªvg I Nyg : ˆ`wnK cwikªg I e¨vqv‡gi d‡j †`‡ni †Kvl¸‡jv ¶qcÖvß I wb‡ —R n‡Z _v‡K| Rxe‡Kvl¸‡jv c~‡e©i Ae¯’vq wdwi‡q Avb‡Z wekªvg I Ny‡gi cÖ‡qvRb| GKRb my¯’ †jv‡Ki ˆ`wbK 7/8 NÈv Nygv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb| G‡Z Rxe‡Kvl¸‡jv m‡ZR I gw —‡®‹i †Kvl¸‡jvi ¶qc~iY nq|

7. Af¨vm : Ôgvbyl Af¨v‡mi `vmÕ Z‡e wKQz Af¨vm Av‡Q hv cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e| GKevi Af¨vm Lvivc n‡q †M‡j Zv ms‡kvab Ki‡Z mgq jv‡M| †m Rb¨ me mgq Lvivc Af¨vm hv‡Z M‡o bv D‡V, †mw`‡K mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e| myAf¨vm MV‡bi Rb¨ wb‡Pi welq¸‡jv AbymiY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i-

7.1 AwaK ivZ ch©š— †R‡M bv _vKv| 7.2 m~h© DVvi ciI bv D‡V Nywg‡q _vKv| 7.3 Amg‡q Ges evB‡ii Lvevi bv LvIqv| 7.4 †hLv‡b-†mLv‡b gjg~Î Z¨vM bv Kiv| 7.5 webv cÖ‡qvR‡b †Nviv‡div bv Kiv ev AvÇv bv †Ìqv|

KvR-1 : kvixwiK cwi”QbœZv eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ Kx Kx KvR Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi ZvwjKv cÖ ‘Z Ki| KvR-2 : Lvivc Af¨vm¸‡jv cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e †Kb? Lvivc Af¨vm¸‡jvi eY©bv `vI|

cvV-3 : kvixwiK my¯’Zvq e¨vqv‡gi cÖfve ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ eRvq ivLv Ges Avb›`jv‡fi Rb¨ wbqwgZfv‡e A½ Pvjbv Kivi bvgB e¨vqvg| e¨vqvg †`n I gb‡K ewjô Ges mshZ K‡i| d‡j kw³ I mwnòzZv ev‡o, ü&rwcÊ „p nq, nRgkw³ I †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv e„w× cvq| kix‡ii kw³ I mvg_© Abyhvqx e¨vqv‡gi welq wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq| cwiwgZ e¨vqvg ¯^v‡¯’ï DbœwZi Rb¨ mnvqK| e¨vqvg Kivi mgq Zvovûov Ki‡Z †bB| e¨vqv‡gi g‡a¨ wKQz¶Y weiwZi cÖ‡qvRb| GB weiwZ bZzb K‡i e¨vqvg Kivi kw³ †hvMvq| AwbqwgZ, Amgq Ges h‡_”Qv e¨vqvg Kiv DwPZ bq| wkïi ˆ`wnK A½cÖZ¨‡½i e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ e¨vqvg Z_v kixiPP©v Kg©m~wPiI cwieZ©b cÖ‡qvRb| cwiwgZ e¨vqvg Øviv †`‡ni Aw¯’, gvsm‡cwk I Ab¨vb¨ ¸iyZ¡c~Y© A‡½i mylg e„w× N‡U| eqm e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ e¨vqv‡gi Kg©m~wP mnR †_‡K µgkB KwVb n‡e| A_©vr µgvMZ DbœZ n‡e| Gfv‡e e¨vqvg Abykxj‡bi avivevwnKZv i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| e¨vqv‡gi Abykxj‡bi Kg©m~wP‡Z `xN© weiwZ _vK‡e bv| e¨vqvg Abykxj‡bi mgq A½cÖZ¨‡½i e¨vqv‡gi avivevwnKZv wVK ivL‡Z n‡e| †hgb: gv_v †_‡K ïiy K‡i ax‡i ax‡i cv ch©š— G‡m †kl Ki‡Z n‡e| ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ e¨vqvg Acwinvh©| we‡kl K‡i QvÎQvÎx‡ì Rb¨ e¨vqvg I †Ljvayjv †ewk cÖ‡qvRb| G mg‡q QvÎQvÎx‡ì kvixwiK MVb ªyZ e„w× cvq| d‡j A½cÖZ¨½ I kvixwiK KvVv‡gv my`„p nq|

KvR-1 : kvixwiK my¯’Zvi Rb¨ e¨vqv‡gi f~wgKv eY©bv Ki| KvR-2 : e¨vqvg Abykxjb Kivi avivevwnKZv D‡j −L Ki|

cvV-4 : AwZwi³ e¨vqv‡gi Kzdj

Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bi mKj Kg©Kv‡Êi GKUv mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q| GB mxgvi evB‡i AwZwi³ †Kv‡bv wKQzB fv‡jv bq| AwaK cwigv‡Y Lvevi MÖnY †hgb ¯^v‡¯’ï Rb¨ ¶wZKi, †Zgwb cÖ‡qvR‡bi AwZwi³ e¨vqvgI ¯^v‡¯’ï Rb¨ ¶wZKi| Avevi hLb-ZLb e¨vqvg Kiv wVK bq| mKv‡j ev we‡K‡j GKwU wbw ©ó mg‡q cÖwZw`b e¨vqvg Kiv DwPZ| Avevi Lvevi MÖn‡Yi c‡i e¨vqvg Kiv ¯^v‡¯’ï Rb¨ ¶wZKi| eqm I wj½ †f‡` e¨vqvg wbe©vPb Kiv DwPZ| †hgb:



5

1. wkï‡ì fvix wRwbm †Zvjvi e¨vqvg Kiv‡j A½cÖZ‡½i DbœwZ ev e„w×i †P‡q ¶wZ n‡e|

2. wkï‡ì 30/40 wgwb‡Ui †ewk e¨vqvg Kiv‡j kixi K¬vš— n‡q co‡e|

3. G‡jv‡g‡jvfv‡e e¨vqvg Kiv‡j- †hgb: GKevi nv‡Zi e¨vqvg, c‡i wb‡P ï‡q e¨vqvg, Zvic‡i kw³ evov‡bvi e¨vqvgÑGfv‡e e¨vqvg bv K‡i avivevwnKfv‡e e¨vqvg Abykxjb Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv bv n‡j kix‡ii ¶wZ n‡e|

4. fiv‡c‡U e¨vqvg cwiZ¨vR¨| LvIqvi ciciB e¨vqvg Ki‡j †c‡U e¨_v I ewg n‡e|

5. e¨vqv‡gi g‡a¨ weiwZ bv w`‡q GKvav‡i e¨vqvg Ki‡j kixi Aek n‡q Avm‡e|

6. e¨vqvg Kivi c~‡e© kixi Mig K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| kixi Mig bv K‡i e¨vqvg ïiy Ki‡j gvsm‡cwk‡Z Uvb c‡o `yN©Ubv NU‡Z cv‡i|

7. cÖ_‡g mnR e¨vqvg¸‡jvi Abykxjb Kwi‡q µgvš‡q KwV‡bi w`‡K †h‡Z n‡e Zv bv n‡j kix‡ii Af¨š—ixY A½¸‡jv cwikªvš— n‡q co‡e|

8. mKv‡j Lvwj †c‡U e¨vqvg Kiv DwPZ bq| Lvwj †c‡U e¨vqvg Ki‡j ewg ev †cU e¨_v ïiy n‡e|

Dwj −wLZ AwZwi³ e¨vqv‡gi Kzdj¸‡jv we‡ePbvq †i‡L e¨vqv‡gi wel‡q wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡jB kvixwiK my¯’Zv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| Ab¨_vq DcKv‡ii †P‡q kix‡ii AebwZ n‡e|

KvR-1 : AwZwi³ e¨vqv‡gi Kzdj¸‡jv wjL Ges `‡j wef³ n‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki| KvR-2 : KLb, Kxfv‡e e¨vqvg Kiv DwPZ Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki|

cvV-5 : miÄvgwenxb e¨vqvg

Avgv‡ì A‡b‡KiB Ggb aviYv i‡q‡Q †h miÄvg Qvov †Kv‡bv †Ljvayjv Kiv hvq bv| G aviYv mwVK bq| miÄvg QvovI bvbv ai‡bi e¨vqvg Kiv hvq| miÄvg Qvov e¨vqvg‡K Ôwd« n¨vÛ G·vimvBRÕ ev Ôgy³ n‡ — e¨vqvgÕ e‡j| jvdvjvwd, †`Šov‡`Šwo, wWMevwR, †nW÷¨vÛ, wcwU ev mg‡eZ e¨vqvg-G meB miÄvgwenxb e¨vqv‡gi Aš—f©y³| miÄvgwenxb e¨vqv‡gi K‡qKwU D`vniY wb‡P †`qv n‡jv-

1. `g : †Ljvayjv Ki‡Z n‡j `‡gi cÖ‡qvRb nq| `g ev kvixwiK mnbkxjZv bv _vK‡j †Kv‡bv †Ljvayjvq mdjZv AR©b Kiv hvq bv| `g bv _vK‡j kix‡i kw³ cvIqv hvq bv| d‡j ZLb †Kvb †Ljv wVKg‡Zv Abykjxb Kiv hv‡e bv| †hgb: AbeiZ nuvU‡j ev GKUvbv †`Šov‡j `g e„w× cvq| `g e„w×i Rb¨ wb‡Pi e¨vqv‡gi Abykjxb Ki‡Z n‡e|

1.1 GKNÈv axiMwZ‡Z †`Šov‡Z n‡e| †`Š‡oi gv‡S †Kv‡bv weiwZ _vK‡e bv|

1.2 GKUvbv ª“Z nvuU‡Z n‡e- KL‡bv _vgv hv‡e bv| G‡Z `g e„w× cv‡e|

1.3 DuPz-wbPz RvqMvi Dci w`‡q †`Šov‡Z n‡e| Aek¨ †L‡jvqvo‡ì eqm I mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx mgq wba©viY K‡i w`‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e wewfbœ ai‡bi e¨vqvg Ki‡j †L‡jvqvo‡ì `g e„w× cv‡e|

2. Kwâ I †Kvg‡ii e¨vqvg : i¨v‡KU RvZxq †Ljvayjvi Rb¨ Kwâi kw³ †ewk cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb: †Uwej †Uwbm, e¨vWwg›Ub, wµ‡KU, nwK BZ¨vw`| wµ‡KU ej e¨v‡U jvMvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Kwâi †gvP‡o †h‡Kv‡bv w`‡K ej cvVv‡bv hvq| e¨vWwg›Ub †Ljvq ¯§¨vk Kivi mgq Kwâi kw³ †ewk n‡j ¯§¨vk mdj nq| wewfbœfv‡e nvZ Nywi‡q Kwâi e¨vqvg Kiv hvq| gvwU‡Z ynvZ †i‡L kixi Dc‡i-wb‡P Zzj‡jI Kwâ Z_v nv‡Zi kw³ ev‡o| wPb Avc, cyk AvcI Kwâi kw³ evov‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| †Kvg‡ii e¨vqvg Ki‡Z n‡j kixi wewfbœfv‡e A_©vr Wv‡b ev‡g Nywi‡q

6

†Kvg‡ii e¨vqvg Ki‡Z nq| wc‡V KvD‡K Zz‡j wb‡q kixi Avc-WvDb Ki‡jI †Kvg‡ii kw³ ev‡o| Gfv‡e e¨vqvg K‡i Kwâ I †Kvg‡ii kw³ e„w× Kiv hvq|

3. KbyB †f‡O e‡m e¨vqvg : gvwU‡Z cv mvg‡b †mvRv †i‡L em‡Z n‡e| nvZ ywU kix‡ii `ycv‡k gvwUi Dci _vK‡e| Gici nv‡Zi Dci fi w`‡q kixi Dc‡i Zzj‡Z I bvgv‡Z n‡e| kixi Dc‡i wb‡P DVv-bvgv Kivi mgq cv `y‡Uv GKÎ I †mvRv _vK‡e|

KvR-1 : miÄvgwenxb e¨vqvg ej‡Z †Zvgiv Kx eyS? e¨vL¨v Ki| KvR-2 : `ywU miÄvgwenxb e¨vqvg cÖ`k©b Ki|

cvV-6 : miÄvgmn e¨vqvg

miÄvg wb‡q †h e¨vqvg Kiv nq, Zv‡K miÄvgmn e¨vqvg e‡j| miÄvg wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †Ljvayjvi miÄvg †_‡K e¨vqv‡gi miÄvg wfbœ| †hgb- w¯‹wcs †ivc, †ivgvb wis I wd«Rwe BZ¨vw`|

6.1 w¯‹wcs : w¯‹wcs †iv‡ci gva¨‡g †h e¨vqvg Kiv A_©vr jvdv‡bv nq Zv‡K w¯‹wcs e‡j| bvbvfv‡e w¯‹wcs Kiv hvq|

K. 8/10 Rb GK jvB‡b `uvwo‡q w¯‹wcs Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †`Šwo‡q mvg‡b hv‡e I wd‡i Avm‡e|

L. GK RvqMvq uvwo‡q w¯‹wcs Kiv hvq| GKUvbv 5 wgwbU mevB ¯^ ¯^ RvqMvq uvwo‡q w¯‹wcs Ki‡e|

M. Avevi 6wU w¯‹wcs †ivc 10 dyU Aš—i Aš—i yRb `ygv_v a‡i †U‡b aij| cÖ_gwU 2 dzU DuPz‡Z, c‡iiwU 3 dyU DuPz‡Z Gfv‡e ci ci w¯‹wcs †ivc ai‡Z n‡e| wk¶v_©xiv dvB‡j uvov‡e| GKRb GKRb K‡i †`Š‡o †h cÖ_gwUi Dci w`‡q jvd w`‡q cvi n‡q Ges c‡iiwUi wbP w`‡q Gfv‡e w¯‹wcs †ivc AwZµg Ki‡Z n‡e| †h Aí mg‡q w¯‹wcs †ivc¸‡jv µm K‡i wd‡i Avm‡Z cvi‡e Zvi kw³ I kix‡ii bgbxqZv fv‡jv e‡j MY¨ n‡e|

6.2 †ivgvb wis : `ywU iwki mv‡_ `ywU †jvnvi wis Szjv‡bv _v‡K, G‡K †ivgvb wis e‡j| GB wis a‡i wewfbœ Kvq`vq bvbvcÖKvi e¨vqvg Kiv hvq| MÖv‡gi ¯‹zj¸‡jv‡Z Mv‡Qi Wv‡ji mv‡_ †e‡a A_ev euvk w`‡q Avov evwb‡q †mLv‡bI ‡ivgvb wis‡qi iwk †eu‡a G e¨vqvg Kiv hvq| †hgb-

(K) `yB nvZ w`‡q myBs K‡i wewfbœ Kvq`vq †`vj LvIqv hvq|

(L) wis a‡i yB cv mvg‡b GKÎ K‡i cv‡qi ÔGj cwRkbÕ Kiv|

(M) wis a‡i nv‡Zi Dci fi K‡i gv_v wb‡Pi w`‡K G‡b n¨vÛ ÷¨vÛ Kiv BZ¨vw`|

6.3 wd«Rwe : wd«Rwe _vjvi g‡Zv ivev‡ii GKwU †Mvj PvKwZ we‡kl| ivev‡ii ˆZwi e‡j GwU nvjKv nq| †Q‡j‡g‡qiv G w`‡q †Ljv‡Z cÖPzi Avb›` cvq| GKRb H PKwZ a‡i `~‡i Qz‡o †`‡e AciRb †m PvKwZ a‡i H cÖvš— †_‡K cybivq Qy‡o †`‡e| Gfv‡e 2/3 Rb ev 3/4 R‡bi g‡a¨ †QvovQywo K‡i †Ljv hvq| GB †QvovQzwo †Ljv‡KB wd«Rwe e‡j| G †Ljvi gva¨‡g nv‡Zi kw³ e„w× cvq|

wd«Rwe



7

6.4 eªZPvix b„Z¨ :

kvixwiK e¨vqvg I my›ì †`n MV‡bi Rb¨ wPËwe‡bv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂ‡ji †jvKb„Z¨ Øviv †m AÂ‡ji K…wó, cÖ_v cÖf„wZ dzwU‡q †Zv‡j| G‡Z QvÎQvÎx‡ì GKw`‡K †hgb wPËwe‡bv`b nq, Aciw`‡K wewfbœ AÂ‡ji K…wó m¤‡Ü aviYv jvf K‡i| wewfbœ AÂ‡ji †jvKMxwZi gva¨‡g †h †jvKb„Z¨ Kiv nq, G meB n‡jv eªZPvix Kvh©Kjvc ev †jvKb„Z¨|

wb‡P Szgyi b„‡Zï eY©bv Kiv n‡jvÑ

1| Szgyi b„Z¨ :

b„Z¨ †KŠkjÑ K. wk¶v_x©iv yB mvwi‡Z uvov‡e| GK mvwi‡Z Kg msL¨K Ges Aci mvwi‡Z †ewk msL¨K wk¶v_x©iv _vK‡e|

†QvU mvwiwU eo mvwii evg w`‡K uvov‡e| L. cÖ_g ms‡KZ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ mK‡j jvd w`‡q cv †Rvov I †Kvg‡i nvZ w`‡q uvov‡e| M. wØZxq ms‡K‡Z yB mvwii mK‡j †`Šo Ae¯’vq evg w`‡K Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z ywU e„Ë evbv‡e| †QvU e„‡Ëi

evB‡i eo e„ËwU _vK‡e| N. Z…Zxq ms‡KZ cvIqvgvÎ e„‡Ëi †fZ‡i w`‡K gyL K‡i wbR RvqMvq ùvov‡e| ev‡`ï Zv‡j cv DVvbvgv

Ki‡Z _vK‡e| nvZ ywU cÖmvwiZ K‡i ~iZ¡ wVK K‡i wb‡e| O. PZz_© ms‡K‡Z cv‡qi DVv-bvgv _vgv‡e Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ nvZ yB cv‡k P‡j Avm‡e| P. cÂg ms‡K‡Z `yB nvZ †Kvg‡i w`‡q e„‡Ëi evg w`‡K 1 †_‡K 7 †÷c †dj‡e| wZb MYbvq yB nvZ

mvg‡b-wb‡P Avm‡e| Gfv‡e yBevi Ki‡Z n‡e| Q. lô ms‡KZ †kvbvgvÎ evg nvZ gv_vi evg cvk w`‡q 1 †_‡K 7 †÷c †dj‡e I wZb MYbvq nvZ wb‡P P‡j

Avm‡e| R. mßg ms‡K‡Z Wvb nvZ gv_vi Wvb cvk w`‡q 1 †_‡K 7 †÷c †dj‡e| cÖ‡Z¨Kevi wZb MYbvi mgq nvZ

wb‡P Avm‡e| S. Aóg ms‡K‡Z yB nvZ gv_vi Dc‡i Avm‡e I 1 †_‡K 7 †÷c †dj‡e | Gfv‡e evRbvi Zv‡j Zv‡j b„Z¨

G¸‡Z _vK‡e|

Szgyi b„‡Zï MvbÑ AvMv Wv‡j em †KvwKj gvS Wv‡j evmv‡i- fvw½j wewiwLi Wvj Rxe‡b †bB Avkv‡i| AKv‡j cywljvg cvwL wNiZ gay w`qv‡i-

myKv‡j cvjvB‡jb cvwL `viyY †kj w`qv‡i | AKv‡j cywljvg cvwL Ly` Kyuov w`qv‡iÑ

myKv‡j cvjvB‡jb cvwL

8

`vi“Y †kj w`‡qv‡i| Szgyi b„‡Z¨i gv`‡ji †evj

avwZb ZvZvK& wZb&av avwZb& avwZb& ZvZvK& wL avwZb ZvZvK& wZbav avwZb& avwZb& ZvZv‹& wL

avwZb ZvZv‹& wZbav avwZb& wL, wL, wL|

KvR-1 : w¯‹wcs †ivc Øviv KZ cÖKv‡ii e¨vqvg Kiv hvq| cÖ`k©b K‡i †`LvI| KvR-2 : †ivgvb wis Kv‡K e‡j? †ivgvb wis G Kx ai‡bi e¨vqvg Kiv hvq Zv eY©bv Ki| KvR-3 : wd«Rwe Kx? wd«Rwe †LjvwU e¨vL¨v Ki|

cvV- 7 : GWy‡Kkbvj wRgb¨vw÷·

AvaywbK wRgb¨vw÷‡·i m~Pbv Rvg©vwb‡Z n‡jI Gi j¶¨ wQj ïay ewjô †`n MVb| wKš—y kixi I g‡bi mymgwšZ

Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ †h e¨vqvg Kiv nq, Zv‡K wk¶vg~jK wRgb¨vw÷· e‡j| Gi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv -

1. wk¶vg~jK wRgb¨vw÷· Abykxj‡bi d‡j wkky µgvš‡q kvixwiK, gvbwmK I mvgvwRK ¸Yvewj AR©b Ki‡Z

cv‡i|

2. we`¨vj‡qB wkïi ˆbwZK ¸Yvewj AwR©Z nq|

3. wk¶vg~jK wRgb¨vw÷‡·i Abykxjb¸‡jv cwiKíbvgvwdK nq e‡j ev¯Íe Rxe‡b Gi cÖfve c‡o|

GWy‡Kkbvj wRgb¨vw÷‡·i K‡qKwU e¨vqv‡gi D`vniY †`qv n‡jv -

K. m¤§yL wWMevwR : yB nuvUz fuvR K‡i, yB cv‡qi cvZv I `yB nv‡Zi Zvjyi Dci fi K‡i _vK| Gici †Kvgi

Dc‡ii w`‡K Zz‡j Nvo I gv_v yB nv‡Zi ga¨ w`‡q XywK‡q mvg‡b Mwo‡q co| †g‡S‡Z cv ¯úk© Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_

†mvRv n‡q `uvovI| wWMevwR LvIqvi mgq gv_v hv‡Z gvwU‡Z ev g¨v‡U bv jv‡M, †m w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|

m¤§yL wWMevwR

kixiPP©v I my¯’Rxeb


9

L. wcQ‡b wWMevwR : †h w`‡K wWMevwR †`‡e †mw`‡K wcQb wd‡i ùvovI| Zvici kixiUv µgvMZ wbPz K‡i Ges kix‡ii wcQ‡bi Ask A_©vr wbZ¤ †g‡S‡Z ev g¨v‡U jvMvi mv‡_ mv‡_ yB nv‡Zi Zvjy Kuva eivei g¨v‡Ui yB cv‡k ivL Ges kixiUv wcQ‡b Nywi‡q bvI| †Kvgi †_‡K kix‡ii Dci Ask Zz‡j uvovevi Rb¨ cv gvwU †Quvqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ nv‡Zi Zvjy w`‡q gvwU‡Z av°v `vI Ges †mvRv n‡q uvovI|

M. cvk¦© wWMevwR : m¤§yL wWMevwRi b¨vq g¨v‡Ui GK cÖv‡š— ùvwo‡q kix‡ii GK cv‡k ev Kuv‡a fi K‡i KvZ Ae¯’vq kixiUv Nywi‡q bvI| †Nvivi mgq AvNvZ Gov‡bvi Rb¨ GK nvZ g¨v‡Ui Dci †c‡Z †`‡e Ges cv gv_vi Kv‡Q †U‡b †b‡e| Gevi Kuv‡ai mvnv‡h¨ GKcv‡k Mwo‡q wM‡q D‡V uvovI|

N. WvBf †ivj : Aí `~i †_‡K †`Šwo‡q G‡m `yB cv‡q fi K‡i A_©vr †UK Ad wb‡q mv‡_ mv‡_ `yB nvZ eivei mvg‡b evwo‡q cvwb‡Z Suvc †`qvi Kvq`vq k~‡b¨ jvwd‡q D‡V mvg‡b hv‡e| yB KbyB fuvR K‡i nv‡Zi Zvjy‡Z fi K‡i `yB nv‡Zi gv‡S Nvo XywK‡q m¤§yL wWMevwRi g‡Zv ªyZ kixi Nywi‡q †b‡e| Zvici cv‡qi Dci fi K‡i ùvwo‡q hv‡e| cÖ_‡g †ò †_‡K yB dzU DuPz gvwU‡Z nuvUz †M‡o emv †Kv‡bv †Ljvi m½x wKsev m½xi DuPz K‡i aiv jvdv‡bvi `wo (w¯‹wcs †ivc) eënvi K‡i Zvi Dci w`‡q GB wWMevwR Abykxjb Kiv hvq|

KvR-1 : GWy‡Kkbvj wRgb¨vw÷· ej‡Z Kx eyS? eY©bv Ki| KvR-2 : d«›U †ivj †Ìqvi †KŠkj¸‡jv cÖ`k©b Ki| KvR-3 : WvBf †ivj Kxfv‡e w`‡Z nq K‡i †`LvI?

Abykxjbx

k~b¨¯’vb c~iY K‡iv : 1. cPv-evwm Lvevi ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ki‡Z n‡e|

2. Lvevi ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ I ax‡i ax‡i †L‡Z nq|

3. †ewk bv †L‡q ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Lvevi †L‡Z nq|

4. Lvev‡i ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ cwigvY †ewk _vK‡j fv‡jv nq|

5. wbqwgZ I ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ mg‡q Lvevi †L‡Z nq|

wcQ‡b wWMevwR

10

wb‡Pi †KvbwU miÄvgmn I miÄvgwenxb e¨vqvg Zv Avjv`v Ki :

`g miÄvgmn e¨vqvg miÄvgwenxb e¨vqvg Ke&&wR ev †Kvg‡ii e¨vqvg 1. 1. KbyB †f‡O e‡m e¨vqvg 2. 2. w¯‹wcs 3. 3. †ivgvb wis 4. 4. wd«Rwe m¤§yL wWMevwR WvBf †ivj

mwVK DË‡i wUK wPý `vI :

1. AwZwi³ e¨vqvg ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨−

(K) ¶wZKi (L) ¶wZKviK bq (M) fv‡jv (N) AwaK fv‡jv

2. fiv‡c‡U e¨vqvg Ki‡j −

(K) fv‡jv (L) †c‡U e¨_v nq (M) ¶wZKi (N) AwZ DËg

3. GWy‡Kkbvj wRgb¨vw÷‡·i D‡Ïk¨ Kx? K. ewjô †`n MVb L. †`n I g‡bi mymgwšZ e¨vqvg M. A‡½i Dbœqb N. kvixwiK Dbœqb

msw¶ß cÖkœ : 1. WvBf †iv‡ji †KŠkj¸‡jv gv‡V K‡i †`LvI| 2. Qwei mvnv‡h¨ DËi¸‡jv wjL:

K) yB nuvUyi Ae¯’vb †Kgb n‡e? L) yB nvZ †Kv_vq _vK‡e? M) Nvo I gv_v †Kv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ : 1. wcQb wWMevwR †`qvi †KŠkj¸‡jv †`LvI I eY©bv Ki| 2. AwZwi³ e¨vqv‡gi Kzdj eY©bv Ki|



11

wØZxq Aa¨vq

¯‹vDwUs I Mvj© MvBwWs ¯‹vDU I Mvj© MvBW wek¦e¨vcx GKwU AivR‰bwZK mgvR‡mevg~jK hye Av‡›`vjb| e„wUk †mbvevwnbxi ZrKvjxb †jd‡Ub¨v›U †Rbv‡ij ievU© w÷‡dbkb w¯§_ jW© e¨v‡Wb cvI‡qj 1907 mv‡j wk¶vcÖwZôv‡b ¯‹vDwUs Ges 1910 mv‡j Mvj© MvB‡Wi aviYv cÖeZ©b K‡ib| wk¶vcÖwZôv‡b ¯‹vDwUs Kvh©µg Avi¤¢ Kivi Av‡M ¯‹vDwUs‡q Ask wb‡Z cv‡i, Ggb eq‡mi †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i Pvwn`v we‡ePbv K‡i wZwb wKQz eB cÖKvk K‡ib| Zvi g‡a¨ ¯‹vDU kvLvi Rb¨ 1908 mv‡j Ô¯‹vDwUs di e‡qRÕ Ges Mvj© MvBW Av‡›`vj‡bi Rb¨ ÔMvj© MvBwWsÕ I Ôw` e −y evW© eyKÕ Ab¨Zg| Avš—R©vwZK ¯‹vDU Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L evsjv‡`‡kI evsjv‡`k ¯‹vDUm I Mvj© MvB‡Wi Kg©Kv‡Êi m~Pbv nq| gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jvf Kivi ci 1972 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k ¯‹vDwUs I Mvj© MvBwWs-Gi Kvh©µg ïiy nq| yt¯’ gvbeZvi †mev,

ˆbwZK g~j¨‡ev‡ai Dbœqb, mymgwš^Z kvixwiK I gvbwmK weKvk, agx©q mnbkxjZv cÖf…wZ ¸Yvewj AR©‡bi mnvqK kw³ wn‡m‡e ¯‹vDwUs I Mvj© MvBwWs Av‡›`vjb wek¦e¨vcx cÖksmbxq f~wgKv †i‡L P‡j‡Q| evsjv‡`kI GB Kvh©µ‡g Mwe©Z Askx`vi wn‡m‡e B‡Zvg‡a¨ mK‡ji `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q|

G Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv -

1| ¯‹vDwUs Kvh©µ‡gi ¯^xK…wZ ^iƒc wewfbœ e¨vR AR©bmn ¯‹vDU I Mvj© MvBwWs-Gi Ab¨vb¨ Kg©m~wPi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie|

2| ¯‹vDwUs I Mvj© MvBwWs-Gi gva¨‡g myk„sLj Rxebhvc‡b DØy× ne| 3| cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvi cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© Rvbe Ges h_vmg‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq wm×vš— wb‡Z cvie| 4| ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b N‡U hvIqv wKQz yN©Ubvq cÖv_wgK wPwKrmvi †mev cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvie|

¯‹vDU I Mvj© MvBW

12

cvV-1 : ¯‹vDU I Mvj© MvB‡Wi msw¶ß BwZnvm I Kg©m~wP

jW© e¨v‡Wb cvI‡qj wQ‡jb ¯‹vDU Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖwZôvZv| wZwb 1857 mv‡j Bsj¨v‡Ê Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| ¯‹vDwUs c×wZ‡Z Bsj¨v‡Êi evjK‡ì Pwi‡Îi wewfbœ ¸Yvewji DbœwZ †`‡L wZwb mviv we‡k¦ GB Av‡›`vjb Qwo‡q †`b| 1920 mv‡j wek¦ ¯‹vDU ms¯’v MwVZ nq| wek¦ ¯‹vDU ms¯’vi cÖavb Kvh©vjq myBRvij¨v‡Êi ivRavbx †R‡bfvq Aew¯’Z| ¯‹vDU GKwU wek¦Rbxb AivR‰bwZK mgvR‡mevg~jK hye Av‡›`vjb| ¯‹vDU Av‡›`vj‡bi j¶¨B n‡”Q GKwU ¯‹vDU‡K PwiÎevb K‡i Av`k© gvby‡l i~cvš—wiZ Kiv| ¯‹vDwUs Kvh©µg evjK‡ì AvZ¥wbf©i I my›ì Rxeb M‡o †Zv‡j| fviZ wefv‡Mi ci 1948 mv‡j XvKvq c~e©e½ ¯‹vDU mwgwZ MVb Kiv nq| evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nevi ci G‡`‡ki ¯‹vDU Av‡›`vjb GK bZzb i~c †bq| 1972 mv‡ji 9 GwcÖj XvKvq †`‡ki ¯‹vDU †bZv‡ì GK mvaviY mfvq evsjv‡`k eq ¯‹vDU mwgwZ MwVZ nq| 1974 mv‡ji 1 Ryb wek¦ ¯‹vDU ms¯’v evsjv‡`k eq ¯‹vDU mwgwZ‡K wek¦ ¯‹vDU Kbdv‡i‡Ý 105Zg m`m¨ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`q| 1978 mv‡ji 18 Ryb 5g KvDwÝj mfvq evsjv‡`k eq ¯‹vDU mwgwZi bvg e`j K‡i Ôevsjv‡`k ¯‹vDUÕ ivLv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx XvKvi KvKivB‡j Gi cÖavb Kvh©vjq Aew¯’Z| †Rjv kni MvRxcy‡ii A`~‡i †gŠPv‡K ¯‹vD‡Ui RvZxq cÖwk¶Y †K› ª Aew¯’Z|

ievU© w÷‡dbkb w¯§_ jW© e¨v‡Wb cvI‡qj Mvj© MvB‡WiI cÖwZôvZv| wZwb ¯‹vD‡Ui Abyi~c †g‡q‡ì RbÏ Avjv`v Kg©m~wP w`‡q bvg w`‡jb MvBwWs| AZci GB Av‡›`vjb‡K GwM‡q †bqvi Rb¨ Zvi †evb GM‡bm‡K `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡ib| GM‡bm Zvi `vwqZ¡ h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡i GB Av‡›`vjb‡K RbwcÖq K‡i †Zv‡jb|

MvBwWs †g‡q‡ì‡K

K) e¨w³Z¡ weKv‡k mvnvh¨ K‡i|

L) mvgvwRK †PZbv‡eva e„w× K‡i|

M) `vwqZ¡kxj bvMwiK nevi wk¶v †`q|

N) †mevg~jK KvR Kivi wk¶v †`q|

O) we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki hye m¤cÖ`v‡qi mv‡_ eÜzZ¡ ¯’vc‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i|

evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nevi ci 1972 mv‡j RvZxq msm` Mvj© MvBW G¨v‡mvwm‡qkb‡K GKwU RvZxq msMVb wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q AvBb cvm K‡i| 1973 mv‡j GB msMVb wek¦ Mvj© MvBW G¨v‡mvwm‡qk‡bi c~Y©v½ m`m¨c` jvf K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx XvKvi †eBwj †iv‡W Mvj© MvB‡Wi cÖavb Kvh©vjq Aew¯’Z|

Mvj© MvBW Kg©m~wP : Mvj© MvB‡Wi AvU `dv Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g Zviv MvBwWs Dc‡fvM K‡i Ges me©‡¶‡Î wb‡R‡ì‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx K‡i M‡o †Zv‡j|

Kg©m~wP :

1| PwiÎ MVb| 2| wb‡R‡K Rvbv| 3| m„Rbkxj ¶gZv AR©b| 4| ci¯úi‡K Rvbv| 5| †meveª‡Z cÖ¯‘Z _vKv| 6| M„nK‡g© wbcyYZv AR©b| 7| evB‡ii RMr †_‡K Avb›` jvf|

¯‹vDwUs I Mvj© MvBwWs


13

8| kvixwiK Dchy³Zv jvf|

GB Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g MvB‡Wiv wb‡R‡ì‡K Dchy³ bvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zv‡j| G¸‡jv mygvZv, mybvMwiK, mªóvi cÖwZ fw³ Ges Ac‡ii g½jv‡_© wb‡Ri ¯^v_©Z¨v‡Mi g‡bve„wË RvwM‡q †Zv‡j| ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z I Avb›``vqK KvRK‡g©i gva¨‡g MvBwWs †g‡q‡ì gvbwmK ¸Yvewj weKvk I wPš—vkw³i DrKl© mva‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i|

KvR-1 : wk¶K cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g wk¶v_©x‡ì KvQ †_‡K ¯‹vDwUs I Mvj© MvB‡Wi BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi †Póv Ki‡eb|

KvR-2 : ¯‹vDU I Mvj© MvBW m¤ú‡K© wk¶v_©x‡ì ¯úó aviYv †`‡eb| KvR-3 : evwoi KvR wn‡m‡e ¯‹vDwUs I Mvj© MvBwWs-Gi msw¶ß BwZnvm wj‡L Avb‡Z ej‡eb| KvR-4 : †cv÷vi AvKv‡i Kg©m~wP wj‡L Avb‡Z ej‡eb|

cvV-2 : Dc`j c×wZ I e¨vR c×wZ

¯‹vDU‡ì mKj KvR Dc`j c×wZ‡Z cwiPvwjZ nq| GB c×wZ‡Z Qq †_‡K AvURb ¯‹vDU I MvBW wb‡q GKwU Dc`j MwVZ nq| Dc`j Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv, Dc`j cZvKv enb I Dc`j m`m¨‡ì wewfbœ Kv‡R mvnv‡hï Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K Dc`j †_‡K `¶, AwfÁ I †bZ…Z¡`v‡b m¶g ¯‹vDU‡K wbqg †gvZv‡eK Dc`j †bZv wb‡qvM Kiv nq| Dc`‡ji Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡ì wewfbœ `vwqZ¡ _v‡K| cÖ‡Z¨K Dc`‡ji Avjv`v bvg, wPý, cwiP‡qi WvK Ges Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi ¯’vb _v‡K| Dc`‡ji wewfbœ Kvh©vewj cwiPvjbvi myweavi Rb¨ mevi bvg wVKvbv Ges Ab¨vb¨ cwiwPwZ g‡b ivL‡Z nq| g‡b ivLvi myweavi Rb¨ WvBwi ev †bvU ey‡K mevi bvg-wVKvbv wj‡L ivL‡Z nq|

Dc`j c×wZ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì m‡PZb Kivi Rb¨ me‡P‡q DËg cš’v| jW© e¨v‡Wb cvI‡qj me©cÖ_g fvi‡Z G c×wZ Pvjy K‡ib| Zvici GB c×wZ c„w_exi me ¯‹vDU `‡ji g‡a¨ cÖPjb Kiv nq| Dc`j c×wZi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì‡K wbR `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjv| G c×wZi gva¨‡g cÖwZwU †Q‡j‡g‡q eyS‡Z cv‡i, Zvi Dc`‡ji DbœwZi Rb¨ Zvi GKwU we‡kl f~wgKv Av‡Q| Dc`j c×wZi gva¨‡g cÖwZwU ¯‹vDU I MvBW †Kv¤úvwb ch©š— Zvi gZvgZ †cuŠQv‡Z cv‡i Ges Zviv Zv‡ì wbR Dc`‡ji myweav Abyhvqx †Kv¤úvwbi Kvh©µg, cwiKíbv BZ¨vw` ev¯—evwqZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| G c×wZ‡Z AskMÖnY K‡i cÖwZwU ¯‹vDU I MvBW AvZ¥wbf©ikxj n‡q I‡V Ges wbR cwievi I mgvR m¤ú‡K© `vwqZ¡kxj nq|

Dc`j cZvKv : Dc`j cZvKv wÎ‡KvYvKvi mv`v Rwgbwewkó n‡e| cZvKvi gvSLv‡b Dc`‡ji bv‡gi cÖvwY/cvwLi gyLgÊj AuvKv _vK‡e| Dc`‡ji cZvKv`Ê ¯‹vDU jvwVi mgvb| Dc`j cZvKvi cwigvc n‡e 30 †mw›UwgUvi × 20 †mw›UwgUvi|

¯‹vDU e¨vR : e¨vR n‡jv ¯‹vDU‡ì †hvM¨Zvi cyi¯‹vi| ¯‹vDU †cvkv‡Ki wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b wbw ©ó e¨vR cwiav‡bi d‡j †Kvb ¯—‡ii ¯‹vDU Zv kbv³ Kiv hvq| e¨vR yB cÖKvi| h_v- K) `¶Zv e¨vR L) cvi`wk©Zv e¨vR|

30 †mw›UwgUvi

14

K) `¶Zv e¨vR : `¶Zv e¨vR cÖ`vb Kiv nq wbw`©ó Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wbw`©ó cvV¨µ‡gi Dci `¶Zv AR©‡bi ¯^xK…wZ ¯î~c| `¶Zv e¨vR n‡jv PviwU-

(1) m`m¨ e¨vR (2) ÷¨vÊvW© e¨vR (3) †cÖv‡MÖm e¨vR I (4) mvwf©m e¨vR|

(1) m`m¨ e¨vR ¯‹vDU kv‡U©i evg c‡K‡Ui gvSLv‡b †mjvB K‡i ci‡Z nq|

(2) ÷¨vÊvW© e¨vR kv‡U©i evg nvZvi fuv‡Ri Ici KbyB I Kuv‡ai gvSLv‡b †mjvB K‡i ci‡Z nq|

(3) †cÖv‡MÖm e¨vR ÷¨vÊvW© e¨v‡Ri ¯’‡j jvMv‡Z nq|

(4) mvwf©m e¨vR †cÖv‡MÖm e¨vR mwi‡q Zvi ¯’v‡b †mjvB K‡i ci‡Z nq|

L) cvi`wk©Zv e¨vR : wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci cvi`wk©Zv AR©‡bi ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`v‡bi wb`k©b n‡jv cvi`wk©Zv e¨vR| eZ©gv‡b we‡kl ywU e¨vR MÖ“cmn †gvU 9wU MÖ“‡c cvi`wk©Zv e¨v‡Ri msL¨v 101wU| cvi`wk©Zv e¨vR ¯‹vDU kv‡U©i Wvb nv‡Zi KbyB I Kuv‡ai gv‡S †mjvB K‡i ci‡Z nq|

KvR-1 : wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡ì wbKU †_‡K Dc`j c×wZ I e¨vR c×wZ cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g Rvb‡eb| KvR-2 : evwoi KvR wn‡m‡e Dc`j c×wZ wj‡L Avb‡Z ej‡eb| KvR-3 : †cv÷vi AvKv‡i e¨vR c×wZi bvg¸‡jv wj‡L Avb‡Z ej‡eb| KvR-4 : †Kvb e¨vR †Kv_vq ci‡Z nq Zv Awfbq K‡i †`Lv‡Z ej‡eb|

cvV-3 : cvBIwbqvwis I j¨vwks K) cvBIwbqvwis: ¯‹vDwUs‡q nvBwKs Kivi mgq Zuveyevm Kv‡j `woi wewfbœ †M‡iv m¤ú‡K© Rvbv I ev —‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv‡K cvBIwbqvwis e‡j|

1) `woi wewfbœ As‡ki bvg Rvbv I wPwýZ Ki‡Z cviv|

2) `woi mvnv‡hÏ wbgœwjwLZ †M‡iv¸‡jv euva‡Z Ges G¸‡jvi mwVK eënvi cÖ k©b Ki‡Z cviv-†evjvBb-Ab-w`-evBU, K¨vUm-c, Wej wkU‡eÊ, w −cvwi wkU‡eÊ, dvqvi g¨vb †Pqvi bU BZ¨vw`|

3) mwVK cu¨v‡Pi mvnv‡h¨ PviwU jvwV w`‡q GKUv cZvKv `Ê ˆZwi Ki‡Z cviv|

4) mwVK cu¨v‡Pi mvnv‡h¨ GKUv wkqvi †jM ˆZwi Ki‡Z cviv|

M¨v‡RU : Zuvey‡Z emev‡mi Rb¨ Mv‡Qi Wvj ev euvk w`‡q ˆZwi AvmevecÎ ivLvi eë¯’v‡K M¨v‡RU e‡j|

L) j¨vwks : ` y-wZbUv euvk ev KvV‡K GK‡Î euvavi Rb¨ `wo w`‡q †cuwP‡q euvav‡K j¨vwks e‡j| mvaviYZ cyj, Ni, gvPv, M¨v‡RU ˆZwi I Mv‡Q †VKv †`qvi mgq j¨vwks eënvi Kiv nq| j¨vwks A‡bK cÖKvi _vK‡jI ¯‹vDU‡ì cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q Pvi cÖKvi j¨vwks‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq| h_v -

1| †¯‹vqvi j¨vwks (Square Lashing)|

2| Wvqv‡Mvbvj j¨vwks (Diagonal Lashing)|

3| †cvj GÊ wkqvi j¨vwks (Pole and Sheer Lashing)|

4| wdMvi Ae GBU j¨vwks (Figure of eight Lashing)|

†¯‹vqvi j¨vwks (Square Lashing) : GKwU euv‡ki Dci Av‡iKwU euvk AvovAvwofv‡e †i‡L k³ K‡i euvavi Rb¨ †h †cuP †`qv nq, Zv‡K †¯‹vqvi j¨vwks e‡j| GKwU euvk gvwUi Ici Lvovfv‡e †i‡L Aci GKwU euv‡ki UzKiv H



15

euv‡ki Dci AvovAvwo ivL‡Z n‡e| †h euvkwU Lvovfv‡e Av‡Q, †mwU n‡”Q †cvj Ges †h euvkwU AvovAvwofv‡e ivLv n‡q‡Q, †mwU n‡”Q evi| Gevi †cvj Ges evi †hLv‡b wgwjZ n‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b GKwU eowk †M‡iv w`‡q H `woi Pjgvb Ask‡K ev‡ii Dci w`‡q †cvj‡K †cQb w`K †_‡K †cuwP‡q Avevi ev‡ii Dci ivL‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e `woi Pjgvb Ask w`‡q 8/10 evi †cvj Ges evi‡K Rwo‡q †cuP w`‡Z n‡e| †cvj †cuPv‡bvi mgq `wo †cv‡ji wb‡P Ges Dc‡ii cÖ_‡g †h `ywU †cuP †`qv n‡qwQj, cieZ©x †cuP¸‡jv `ywUi g‡a¨ w`‡Z n‡e| hv‡Z Av‡¯— Av‡¯— †cv‡ji GB As‡ki duvK eÜ n‡q hvq| †cvj Ges evi 8/10 evi †cuPv‡bv †kl n‡j `woi Pjgvb Ask w`‡q †cvj Ges ev‡ii gv‡S †h `wo Av‡Q, Zv‡K k³ K‡i Aš—Z c‡¶ 3/4 evi †cuPv‡Z n‡e| GB †cuPv‡bv‡K d«vwcs (Frapping) e‡j| d«vwcs hZ k³ n‡e, j¨vwks ZZ gReyZ n‡e| d«vwcs †`qv †kl n‡j `woi Pjgvb Ask w`‡q ev‡i eowk †M‡iv w`‡q †eu‡a j¨vwks †kl Ki‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e †¯‹vqvi j¨vwks euva‡Z nq|

Wvqv‡Mvbvj j¨vwks (Diagonal Lashing) : GKwU `Ê‡K Aci GKwU `‡Êi Dci †KvbvKzwbfv‡e ev ¸Yb wP‡ýi (×) g‡Zv Ae¯’vq ivL‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e ivLvi d‡j ywU `Ê †hLv‡b GKwÎZ n‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b GKwU Mvwo Uvbv †M‡iv w`‡Z n‡e| `woi Pjgvb As‡ki w`K cwieZ©b K‡i evB‡ii w`K w`‡q `yB `Ê‡K GK‡Î 5/7 evi

16

†cuPv‡Z n‡e| Gici †h w`K †_‡K Av‡M †cuPv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zvi wecixZ w`K †_‡K yB `Ê‡K GKwÎZ K‡i Av‡Mi g‡Zv 5/7 evi †cuP w`‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e yB w`K w`‡q †cuPv‡bv †kl n‡j `‡Êi gv‡S `woi †h Ask Av‡Q, Zv‡K `woi Pjgvb Ask w`‡q k³ K‡i Aš—Zc‡¶ 3/4 evi †cuP w`‡Z n‡e| GB †cuP hZ k³ n‡e j¨vwks ZZ gReyZ n‡e| d«vwcs †`qv †kl n‡j †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU `‡Êi mv‡_ `woi Pjgvb Ask w`‡q eowk †M‡iv w`‡q j¨vwks †kl Ki‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e Wvqv‡Mvbvj j¨vwks eva‡Z nq|

KvR-1 : K¬v‡m eënvwiKfv‡e wk¶v_©x‡ì †¯‹vqvi j¨vwks I Wvqv‡Mvbvj j¨vwks †eu‡a †`Lv‡Z ej‡eb| KvR-2 : evwoi KvR wn‡m‡e `ywU `Ê‡K w`‡q †¯‹vivi j¨vwks I Wvqv‡Mvbvj j¨vwks †eu‡a wb‡q Avm‡Z ej‡eb|

cvV-4 : †cvj GÊ wkqvi I wdMvi Ae GBU j¨vwks †cvj GÊ wkqvi j¨vwks (Pole and Shear Lashing) : †cvj GÊ wkqvi j¨vwks‡K A‡b‡K ïay wkqvi j¨vwks

e‡j| ywU euvk ev KvV‡K GK‡Î euvavi Rb¨ †h †cuP †`qv nq, Zv‡K †cvj GÊ wkqvi j¨vwks e‡j| `ywU euvk ev

`Ê‡K GK‡Î †eu‡a Zv‡K cvqv wn‡m‡e eënvi Kivi Rb¨ A_ev GKwU euvk ev `Ê‡K Aci GKwU euvk ev `‡Êi

mv‡_ †eu‡a Zv‡K j¤^v Kivi Rb¨ GB j¨vwks eënvi Kiv nq| hLb `ywU euvk ev `Ê‡K gv_vi w`‡K GK‡Î †eu‡a

Zv‡K cvqv wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq, ZLb Zv‡K wkqvi †jM e‡j| hLb GKwU euvk ev `Ê‡K Aci GKwU euvk ev

`‡Êi mv‡_ GK‡Î †eu‡a j¤^v Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K †cvj e‡j| g~jZ wkqvi †jM Ges †cvj ˆZwii Rb¨ GKB

j¨vwks eënvi Kiv nq| wkqvi †jM I †cvj Kivi Rb¨ GKB j¨vwks eënvi Kiv n‡jI G‡ì g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Av‡Q|

†hgb- wkqvi †jM ˆZwii Rb¨ d«vwcs w`‡Z nq| Avi †cvj ˆZwii Rb¨ d«vwcs w`‡Z nq bv| Kxfv‡e †cvj ˆZwi I

wkqvi †jM ˆZwi Kiv nq Zv wb‡gœ c„_Kfv‡e †`qv

n‡jv -

†cvj ˆZwi : GKwU `‡Êi gv_vq 20 †m:wg: wb‡P

Aci GKwU `‡Êi wb‡Pi Ask †i‡L `Ê‡K Av‡Mi

`‡Êi cvkvcvwk †i‡L wb‡P ivLv `ÊwU, †hLv‡b

Ic‡ii `‡Êi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zvi 4/5 †m:wg:

Ic‡i ywU `Ê‡K GKwÎZ K‡i †mLv‡b `woi w¯’i

Ask w`‡q eowk †M‡iv euva‡Z n‡e| eowk †M‡iv

euvavi ci `woi w¯’icÖv‡š—i †h evowZ Ask †_‡K

hv‡e, Zv‡K `woi Pjgvb As‡ki mv‡_ †cuwP‡q w`‡Z

n‡e| Zvici Pjgvb Ask w`‡q ywU `Ê GKÎ K‡i

wb‡Pi w`K †_‡K Dc‡ii w`‡K †cuP w`‡Z n‡e|

8/10 evi †cuP †Ìqv n‡q †M‡j `Ê‡K GKÎ K‡i

eowk †M‡iv w`‡q j¨vwks †kl Ki‡Z n‡e| ywU `Ê

†hLv‡b ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b Avjv`v

Avjv`v j¨vwks w`‡j myweav nq Ges euvab Lye k³ nq| `Ê †Kv‡bv w`‡K †n‡j hvIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K bv| Gfv‡e

†cvj ˆZwii Rb¨ †cvj j¨vwks euva‡Z nq|

†cvj ˆZwi



17

wkqvi †jM ˆZwi : ywU euvk ev `‡Êi wb‡Pi Ask mgvš—ivj †iLvq †i‡L `ywU `Ê‡K GKÎ K‡i Ic‡ii †h‡Kv‡bv `‡Ê `woi w¯’i cÖvš— w`‡q GKwU eowk †M‡iv w`‡Z n‡e| eowk †M‡iv †`qvi ci `woi w¯’icÖv‡š—i evowZ Ask †_‡K hv‡e, Zv‡K `woi Pjgvb As‡ki mv‡_ †cuwP‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Gevi `woi Pjgvb Ask w`‡q ywU `Ê‡K GKÎ K‡i †cuwP‡q wbP †_‡K Ic‡ii w`‡K †h‡Z n‡e| j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e †h ywU `‡Êi mv‡_ †cuP †`Iqvi mgq GKwU `woi mv‡_ †hb Av‡iKwU `wo †j‡M _v‡K| GKwU `wo †hb Avi GKwU `woi Dci bv D‡V| 8/10 evi †cuP †`Iqv †kl n‡j yB `‡Êi gvSLv‡b `woi †h Ask Av‡Q, Zv‡K `woi Pjgvb Ask w`‡q k³ K‡i Aš—Z c‡¶ 4/5 evi †cuP w`‡Z n‡e| yB `‡Êi gvSLv‡bi `wo‡K `woi Pjgvb Ask w`‡q †cuPv‡bv‡K d«vwcs (Frapping) e‡j| d«vwcs hZ gReyZ n‡e j¨vwks ZZ k³ n‡e| d«vwcs †`qv †kl n‡j cÖ_‡g †h `‡Ê eowk †M‡iv w`‡q j¨vwks ïiy K‡iwQj Zvi wecixZ `‡Ê eowk †M‡iv w`‡q j¨vwks †kl Ki‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e wkqvi †jM ˆZwi Kiv nq|

wdMvi Ae GBU j¨vwks (Figure of Eight Lashing) : wZbwU `‡Êi wb‡Pi Ask‡K GKB mgvš—ivj †iLvq †i‡L `Ê wZbwU‡K GKwUi cv‡k Avi GKwU ivL‡Z n‡e| `Ê wZbwU Lye KvQvKvwQ _vK‡e| †h‡Kv‡bv `ywU `Ê‡K eowk †M‡iv w`‡q euva‡Z n‡e| eowk †M‡ivi gv_v †hb `‡Êi Dci _v‡K| eowk †M‡iv euvavi ci `woi w¯’i

18

cÖv‡š—i †h evowZ Ask †_‡K hv‡e, Zv‡K `woi Pjgvb Ask‡K GKwU `Ê ev` w`‡q cieZ©x `Ê‡K †cuwP‡q †cuwP‡q wbP †_‡K Dc‡ii w`‡K †h‡Z n‡e| Kgc‡¶ 5/7 evi `wo †cuPv‡bv †kl n‡j ‡h `‡Êi mv‡_ cÖ_g eowk †M‡iv euvav n‡qwQj †m `‡Êi cvk¦©eZ©x `‡Êi gvSLv‡b `woi †h Ask Av‡Q †m `wo‡K `woi Pjgvb Ask w`‡q cÖ_‡g Kgc‡¶ wZbevi †cuP w`‡Z n‡e| cieZ©x‡Z cv‡ki yB `‡Êi gvSLv‡b `woi †h Ask Av‡Q Zv‡K Avevi Av‡Mi g‡Zv K‡i †cuP w`‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e `woi Dci `wo w`‡q †cuP †Ìqv‡K d«vwcs e‡j| d«vwcs hZ k³ n‡e, j¨vwks ZZ gReyZ n‡e| d«vwcs †`qv †kl n‡j eowk †M‡iv w`‡q j¨vwks †kl Ki‡Z n‡e| wZbwU `Ê ev euvk‡K GK‡Î †eu‡a wUªcU ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ wdMvi Ae GBU j¨vwks eënvi Kiv nq|

KvR-1 : K¬v‡m eënvwiKfv‡e wk¶v_©xiv †cvj GÊ wkqvi j¨vwks I wdMvi Ae GBU j¨vwks K‡i †`Lv‡e| KvR-2 : evwoi KvR wn‡m‡e †cvj GÊ wkqvi j¨vwks I wdMvi Ae GBU j¨vwks ˆZwi K‡i Avb‡Z ej‡eb|

cvV-5 : cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv/cÖwZweavb

cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi Av‡M cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv Kx Zv †Zvgiv lô †kªwY‡Z aviYv †c‡q‡Qv| cÖv_wgK

wPwKrmv ev cÖwZweavb wPwKrmvkv‡¯¿i GKwU Ask| cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv n‡”Q nVvr †Kv‡bv cxov ev ˆè `yN©Ubvq

nv‡Zi Kv‡Qi wRwb‡mi Øviv †ivMx‡K cÖv_wgKfv‡e mvnvh¨ Kiv, hv‡Z Wv³vi Avmvi Av‡M †ivMxi Ae¯’vi AebwZ

bv N‡U ev RwUjZv m„wó bv nq| A_©vr †h‡Kv‡bv AvKw¯§K `yN©Ubvq cÖ_g ïkÖ~lv Ges msw¶ß Dchy³ eë¯’v MÖnY

Ki‡Z †h eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv nq, Zv‡K cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv / cÖwZweavb ejv nq|

i³¶iY : i³ n‡jv GK cÖKvi Zij c`v_©| Gi is jvj| wn‡gv‡M−vweb bvgK jvj iÄK c`v‡_©i Dcw¯’wZ‡Z

i‡³i is jvj †`Lvq| kix‡ii †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b AvNv‡Zi d‡j ev †K‡U †M‡j †h ¶‡Zi m„wó nq, Ges †mB ¶Z

n‡Z †h i³ †ei nq, Zv‡K i³¶iY ev i³cvZ e‡j| wewfbœfv‡e i³¶iY n‡Z cv‡i †hgb-

1| gyL w`‡q i³ cov : gy‡Li wfZ‡ii †h‡Kv‡bv Ask †_‡K i³cvZ n‡j eid Pzl‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j i³cvZ eÜ

n‡e| Gici †ivMx‡K wKQz¶Y wekªvg wb‡Z n‡e|

2| bvK w`‡q i³ cov : AvNvZRwbZ ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y Kv‡iv bvK w`‡q i³ co‡Z ïiy Ki‡j Zr¶Yvr

Zv‡K wPZ K‡i †kvqv‡Z n‡e A_ev ewm‡q gv_v †cQ‡bi w`‡K †nwj‡q ivL‡Z n‡e| Kvco‡Pvco wXjv K‡i w`‡Z

n‡e| bv‡Ki mvg‡b I Nv‡oi wcQ‡b VvÊv Kg‡cÖm w`‡Z n‡e| ZLb gyL w`‡q k¦vmKvh© Pvjv‡Z n‡e| i³cvZ eÜ

nevi ciI wKQz¶Y bv‡Ki wQ ªc‡_ Zz‡jv w`‡q ivL‡Z n‡e|

3| kix‡ii †Kv‡bv Ask †K‡U †M‡j: KvUv ¯’vbwU wKQz¶Y cwi®‹vi nv‡Z †P‡c ai‡Z n‡e| i³ eÜ n‡j

e¨v‡ÊR w`‡q †eu‡a ivL‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ wZbwU Drm †_‡K i³cvZ nq| h_v-

K) ˆKwkK bvwj (Capillary) -GKUvbv †mªv‡Zi b¨vq i³ †ei nq|

L) wkiv (Vein) -MjMj K‡i i³ †ei nq |

M) agbx (Artery) - wdbwK w`‡q i³ †ei nq|

yN©Ubvq †ewki fvM i³cvZ nq ˆKwkK bvwj †_‡K|


20

cÖv_wgK wPwKrmv :

1| AvNv‡Zi mv‡_ mv‡_ AvnZ ¯’v‡b VvÊv cvwb ev eid jvMv‡bvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| 2| AvnZ ¯’vbwU bovPov Ki‡Z †`qv hv‡e bv| 3| gPKv‡bv ¯’vbwU h_vm¤¢e Avivg`vqK Ae¯’vq ivL‡Z n‡e| 4| AvnZ ¯’v‡b nvofvOvi e¨v‡ÊR cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| 5| e¨v‡ÊR me mgq wfRv ivL‡e| m¤¢e n‡j eid jvMv‡e| 6| gvsm‡cwk gP‡K †M‡j †ivMx‡K mnR I Avivg`vqK Ae¯’vq †kvqv‡bvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| 7| hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e †ivMx‡K Wv³vi ev nvmcvZv‡j cvVvevi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|

Kvgo, `skb ev ûj †dvUv : wewfbœ Rš—y-Rv‡bvqv‡ii Kvgo †_‡K mveavb _vK‡Z n‡e| cvMjv KzKz‡ii gy‡Li jvjvq RjvZsK †iv‡Mi RxevYy _v‡K| KzKzi, †bK‡o, wkqvj, †ewR I Qzu‡Pv-Giv mevB RjvZsK †iv‡Mi RxevYy enb K‡i| Giv Kvgov‡j mv‡_ mv‡_ AvnZ ¯’v‡b Kve©wjK mvevb ev cvwb w`‡q AvnZ ¯’vbwU fv‡jvfv‡e ay‡q †dj‡Z n‡e Ges ZvovZvwo nvmcvZv‡j cvVvevi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e| weov‡ji bL Lye Zx¶è| weovj †_‡K wWc‡_wiqv †ivM nq| weQv, †gŠgvwQ I fxgiy‡ji Kvgo gvivZ¥K| Giv ûj dzwU‡q wel _wj †_‡K û‡ji c‡_ wel †X‡j †`q| A‡bK mgq ûjwU †f‡O wM‡q `skb ¯’v‡b †j‡M _v‡K| hw` ûj dz‡U _v‡K Z‡e ¶‡Zi Pviw`‡K Pvc w`‡q ûjwU †ei K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

mv‡c Kvgov‡j Kvg‡oi RvqMvi Dc‡i Kvco ev `wo w`‡q k³ K‡i euva‡Z n‡e| Gi d‡j i³cÖevn eÜ n‡e Ges wel Qov‡Z cvi‡e bv| aviv‡jv †e−W w`‡q AvnZ RvqMv GKUz Mfxi K‡i †K‡U (Avav †m: wg:) i³ †ei K‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| 30 wgwb‡Ui †ewk mgq †eu‡a ivLv hv‡e bv| †ewk mgq †eu‡a ivL‡j i³ PjvPj eÜ n‡q hvIqvi d‡j wb‡Pi As‡k cPb ai‡Z cv‡i| hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e wPwKrm‡Ki wbKU ev nvmcvZv‡j wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e|

†Pv‡L wKQz co‡j : †PvL gvby‡li Ag~j¨ m¤ú`| bvbv Kvi‡Y †PvL yN©Ubvi Ke‡j co‡Z cv‡i| †Pv‡L ay‡jvevwj co‡Z cv‡i| KvR Kivi mgq wKQz wQU‡K G‡m †Pv‡L weua‡Z cv‡i, †Kv‡bv ivmvqwbK c`v_© †Pv‡L co‡Z cv‡i| Gi~c wKQz †Pv‡L c‡o †M‡j -

1| KLbB †PvL KPjv‡bv hv‡e bv|

2| †Pv‡L cvwbi SvcUv w`‡Z n‡e|

3| †ivMx‡K Av‡jvi w`‡K gyL K‡i ewm‡q Avj‡Zvfv‡e †Pv‡Li ywU cvZv Ly‡j †`L‡Z n‡e| †Pv‡L †Kv‡bv e¯‘ †j‡M _vK‡j iygv‡ji †Kvbv wfwR‡q Avj‡Zvfv‡e eªvk Kivi g‡Zv jvwM‡q e¯‘wU Zz‡j wb‡Z n‡e|

4| ivmvqwbK wKQz †Pv‡L co‡j ya w`‡q ay‡q †dj‡Z n‡e|

5| ZvovZvwo Wv³vi ev nvmcvZv‡j cvVvevi eë¯’v Ki‡Z n‡e|

Kv‡b wKQz †M‡j : Kv‡b †cvKvgvKo Xy‡K †M‡j mwilvi †Zj ev Awjf I‡qj Aí cwigvY †X‡j w`‡j †cvKv g‡i hvq Ges †ei n‡q Av‡m| ZvQvov gv‡e©j RvZxq †Kv‡bv wKQz Xy‡K †M‡j bovPov bv K‡i `ªyZ Wv³v‡ii wbKU ev nvmcvZv‡j cvVv‡bvi eë¯’v wb‡Z n‡e|

AÁvb Ae¯’vq KiYxq : †`‡ni mœvqyZ‡š¿i Kv‡Ri weNœ NU‡j †ivMxi Ávb jyß n‡q hvq| G Ae¯’v‡K AÁvb ev A‡PZb Ae¯’v e‡j| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y gvbyl AÁvb nq †hgb- †ivMekZ, `yN©UbvRwbZ, welwµqvRwbZ Ges Zv‡ci ZviZg¨RwbZ Kvi‡Y|


22

mwVK kã wgjvI :

K. `¶Zv I cvi`wk©Zv K. cvBIwbqvwis

L. wdMvi Ae GBU L. †PvL KPjv‡e bv

M. M¨v‡R‡Ui mgwóMZ i~c M. j¨vwks

N. †Pv‡L wKQz co‡j N. e¨vP

mwVK DË‡i wUK wPý `vI:

1. KZ mv‡j ¯‹vDwUs I Mvj© MvBW cÖwZwôZ nq?

K) 1860 I 1862 mv‡j L) 1900 I 1915 mv‡j

M) 1907 I 1910 mv‡j N) 1911 I 1913 mv‡j

2. evsjv‡`k ¯‹vDU wek¦ ms¯’vi KZZg m`m¨?

K) 120Zg L) 105Zg M) 107Zg N) 110Zg

3. Mvj© MvB‡Wi Kg©m~wP KqwU?

K) 10wU L) 6wU M) 7wU N) 8wU

msw¶ß cÖkœ :

1. ¯‹vDU I Mvj© MvBW Kv‡K e‡j?

2. cÖv_wgK cÖwZweavb ev wPwKrmv Kx|

3. Mvj© MvB‡Wi Kg©m~wP Kx?

4. evsjv‡`‡k KLb ¯‹vDU I Mvj© MvBW cÖwZwôZ nq?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :

1. wdMvi Ae GBU j¨vwkswU eY©bv Ki|

2. gP‡K †M‡j Kxfv‡e cÖv_wgK cÖwZweavb Kiv hvq|

3. welv³ †cvKvgvKo I KzKz‡ii Kvg‡oi cÖv_wgK cÖwZweavb eY©bv Ki|



23

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

¯^v¯’¨weÁvb cwiwPwZ I ¯^v¯’¨‡mev evsjv‡`‡k gv`K ª‡eï eënvi w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q| gv`K`ªe¨ †me‡bi d‡j AvR wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixmn A‡b‡Ki Rxeb bó n‡q hv‡”Q| wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix hviv gv`K`ªe¨ †meb K‡i Zviv †jLvcovq Ag‡bv‡hvMx n‡q c‡o| A‡b‡K †jLvcov †Q‡o †`q I wewfbœ Acivag~jK Kg©Kv‡Ê Rwo‡q c‡o| †hme ªe¨ †meb Ki‡j gvby‡li kvixwiK I gvbwmK Ae¯’vi Ici ¶wZKi cÖfve c‡o I †bwZevPK cwieZ©b N‡U Ges G¸‡jvi cÖwZ Avmw³ R‡b¥, †m¸‡jvB n‡jv gv`K`ªe¨|

G Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv -

1. gv`K`ªe¨ I gv`Kvm³ nIqvi KviY Rvb‡Z cvie|

2. e¨w³, cwievi I mgv‡R gv`‡Ki cwiYwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie|

3. a~gcvb I gv`‡Ki wel‡q cÖwZ‡ivag~jK eë¯’v MÖn‡Y m¶g ne|

4. a~gcvb I gv`‡Ki cwiYwZ Dcjwä K‡i cwikxwjZ Rxebhvc‡b DØy× ne|

24

cvV-1 : gv`K I gv`Kvmw³

we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki b¨vq evsjv‡`‡kI gv`‡Ki eënvi D‡ØMRbK nv‡i e„w× cvIqvi Kvi‡Y cwievi Z_v mgv‡Ri me© Í‡ii RbMY DwØMœ| mgeqmx ev Lvivc mncvVx‡ì cvj −vq c‡o ˆK‡kv‡i gv`K †me‡b AvK…ó n‡”Q Ges gv`K MÖn‡Yi d‡j †KvgjgwZ wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì Rxeb bó n‡”Q| †hme `ªe¨ †meb Ki‡j gvby‡li kvixwiK I gvbwmK Ae¯’vi Ici ¶wZKi cÖfve c‡o Ges Avmw³ R‡b¥ †m¸‡jvB gv`K ªe¨| †hgb- MuvRv, †n‡ivBb BZ¨vw`| gv`K †meb Ki‡j †jLvcovq gb e‡m bv, wewfbœ ai‡bi AmvgvwRK I Acivag~jK Kv‡R Rwo‡q c‡o| d‡j gv`K‡mebKvix wb‡Ri †hgb ¶wZ n‡”Q, †Zgwb ¶wZMÖ — n‡”Q Zvi cwievi I mgvR| Avgiv mevB Ily‡ai mv‡_ cwiwPZ| †Kv‡bv AmyL n‡j Wv³v‡ii civgk© Abyhvqx Avgiv Ilya LvB| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Ilya‡K Avevi eënviMZ Kvi‡Y gv`K ªe¨ ejv nq| Wv³v‡ii civgk© Qvov †Kv‡bv Ilya †L‡j Ges Gi cÖwZ Avmw³ Rb¥v‡j †m Ilya gv`K ª‡eï AvIZvq c‡o|

hviv gv`K ªe¨ †meb K‡i, gv`K ª‡eï cÖwZ Zv‡ì kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbf©ikxjZvi m„wó nq| d‡j gv`‡Ki cÖwZ †hgb Zv‡ì Zxeª AvKl©Y m„wó nq, †Zgwb gv`K ªe¨ MÖn‡Yi cwigvY w`‡b w`‡b e„w× cvq| hw` †Kv‡bv KviYekZ Zviv gv`K`ªe¨ †meb Ki‡Z bv cv‡i, ZLb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gv`‡Ki AfveRwbZ Kvi‡Y wewfbœ DcmM© †`Lv †`q| †hgb- †gRvR wLUwg‡U nq, ¶zav K‡g hvq Ges AvPiY AvµgYvZ¥K n‡q D‡V|

gv`Kvmw³ : †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì Av‡kcv‡k A‡bK‡K a~gcvb Ki‡Z †`‡Lv| wewo, wmMv‡iU, PziyU I Zvgv‡Ki †auvqv †meb Kiv‡K e‡j a~gcvb| AvRKvj wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix I hyemgv‡Ri g‡a¨ a~gcvbmn Ab¨vb¨ †bkvi cÖwZ Avmw³ e„w× †c‡q‡Q| gv`Kvmw³ n‡jv gvbwmK I kvixwiK ¶wZKi GK cÖwµqv, hv †mebKvix I gv`‡Ki cvi¯úwiK wµqvi d‡j m„wó nq| gv`Kvmw³ gv`‡Ki cÖwZ †bkv‡K eySvq| †h me `ªe¨ †meb Ki‡j Avmw³ m„wó nq, Ávb I ¯§„wZkw³ K‡g hvq, †m¸‡jv n‡jv gv`K ªe¨| Avgv‡ì †`‡k †hme gv`K ªe¨ eëüZ n‡”Q, †m¸‡jv n‡jv: wmMv‡iU, wewo, ZvgvK, PziyU, g`, MuvRv, Pim, fvs, gvwiRyqvbv, †n‡ivBb, †dbwmwWj, Bqvev BZ¨vw`| KL‡bv KL‡bv IlyaI gv`K ªe¨ wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ny‡gi IlyaB †ewk| †Zvgv‡ì wK KL‡bv g‡b n‡q‡Q †Kb gv`Kvmw³ nq? †Kb Zviv †bkv K‡i? Gi cÖavb KviY n‡jv gv`Kvm³ m½x‡ì mv‡_ †gjv‡gkv| A‡bK mgq wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixiv bv ey‡SB ev Gi Lvivc w`K¸‡jv bv †R‡bB eÜz-evÜe I mncvVx‡ì cÖ‡ivPbvq wbZvš— †KŠZ~nje‡k gv`K`ªe¨ †meb K‡i Ges Zv c‡i Avmw³‡Z cwiYZ nq| †`Lv hvq, gv`K †me‡bi d‡j gv`‡Ki cÖwZ cÖPÊ kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbf©iZv m„wó nq| GKevi gv`‡Ki †bkv n‡j †`n I g‡b fxlY cÖwZwµqv ˆZwi nq| d‡j †m ev‡i ev‡i gv`K MÖnY K‡i| Gme e¨w³i gv`Kvmw³ wbivg‡qi g‡a¨ wPwKrmv, g‡bvwPwKrmv Ges mngwg©Zv cÖ‡qvRb|

KvR-1 : gv`K ªe¨ †me‡b gvby‡li AvPi‡Y Kx cwieZ©b N‡U? 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : KvR-2 : wb‡Pi ªe¨¸‡jv‡K †Kb gv`K ªe¨ ej ?

MuvRv, †dbwmwWj, Avwdg, †n‡ivBb

¯^v¯’¨weÁvb cwiwPwZ I ¯^v¯’¨‡mev


25

cvV-2 : e¨w³, cwievi I mgv‡R gv`‡Ki cwiYwZ

c~‡e©i cv‡V †Zvgiv gv`K`ªe¨ m¤ú‡K© †R‡bQ| gv`K`ªe¨ gvby‡li Rb¨ AZ¨š— ¶wZKi| GB gv`‡Ki cÖfve †mebKvixi kixi-gb Ges cwievi I mgv‡Ri Dci c‡o| Gevi gv`K MÖn‡Yi ¶wZKi cÖfve mgv‡R Kxfv‡e Gi cÖwZdjb N‡U Zv †R‡b bvI|

1. gv`K ªe¨ gvbwmK ¯^v‡¯’ï ¶wZ K‡i| †hgb- †kLvi I KvR Kivi ¶gZv n«vm K‡i, Av‡e‡Mi Ici cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i| Pvc mn¨ Kivi Ges wm×vš— †bIqvi ¶gZv‡K e¨vnZ K‡i| ZvQvov gvbwmK cxob evwo‡q †`q|

2. gv`K ªe¨ cvwievwiK I mgvRRxe‡b bvbviKg hš¿Yv`vqK cÖfve †d‡j| gv`K ªe¨ †mebKvix cwiev‡ii Ab¨ m`m¨‡ì mv‡_ DMÖ AvPiY K‡i| cwiev‡ii gvbwmK kvwš— webó nq|

3. G¸‡jvi eënvi kvixwiK my ’Zvi †¶‡Î gvivZ¥K cÖfve we —vi K‡i| gv`K ªe¨ †meb gw —‡®‹i mœvqy‡Kvl‡K aŸsm K‡i, m~² Abyf~wZ Kwg‡q †`q Ges Lv`¨vf¨vm bó K‡i|

4. wKQz wKQz gv`K GBPAvBwf I †ncvUvBwUm-we Gi msµg‡Yi AvksKv evwo‡q †`q|

5. gv`K MÖn‡Yi d‡j G¸‡jvi Ici †mebKvixi kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbf©iZv ˆZwi nq, hv †_‡K mn‡R gyw³ cvIqv hvq bv|

6. gv`K MÖnY Ki‡j †h mg — RwUj †ivM n‡Z cv‡i Zvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Lv`¨bvjx I k¦vmbvjxi K¨vÝvi, wjfvi wm‡ivwmm I e−vW †cÖmvi|

7. ZvgvK I ZvgvKRvZxq gv`K kix‡ii †fZi cÖwZwU i³bvwj‡Z cÖ v‡ni m„wó K‡i| Gi d‡j wewfbœ A½-cÖZ¨‡½i i³ PjvPj K‡g hvq, KL‡bv i³ PjvPj G‡Kev‡iB eÜ n‡q hvq, KL‡bv ev i³bvwj †d‡U hvq| d‡j nvU© GUvK I †eªBb †÷ªvK n‡Z cv‡i|

8. G Qvov hviv `xN©mgq a‡i a~gcvb K‡i Zv‡ì k¦vmZ‡š¿i ¶wZ nq|

9. gv`K µ‡q Avw_©K ¶wZ nq| †bkvi UvKvi Rb¨ cwiev‡i Pvc m„wó K‡i, KL‡bv KL‡bv AvµgY K‡i, iv¯Ív-Nv‡U wQbZvB K‡i UvKv-cqmv I gvjcÎ jyU K‡i| †bkvMÖ — e¨w³i wPwKrmvi LiP †hvMv‡Z wM‡q msmv‡i Afve †`Lv †`q| †Zvgiv a~gcvb I gv`K`ª‡eï Kzdj¸‡jv Rvb‡j| Gme ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jv cwievi I mgvR‡K aŸsm K‡i †d‡j| †mRb¨ gv`K ªe¨ I a~gcvb †_‡K ïay wb‡R‡K weiZ ivL‡jB Pj‡e bv, eÜz-evÜe, mncvVxmn Avkcv‡ki †jvKRb‡K G †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Z n‡e| Gm‡ei Kzdj m¤ú‡K© mKj‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e Ges G¸‡jv †meb bv Ki‡Z DØy× Ki‡Z n‡e|

KvR-1 : gv`K ªe¨ MÖn‡Yi PviwU Kzdj †jL 1. 2. 3. 4. KvR-2 : Dc‡iv³ Kzdj¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †hwU me‡P‡q gvivZ¥K g‡b nq, †mwU cÖ_‡g, Gi ci µgvš^‡q Ab¨vb¨ Kzd‡ji ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki| wk¶‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b ZvwjKv¸‡jv †ev‡W© cÖ k©b Ki|

26

cvV-3 : gv`Kvm³ nIqvi †¶‡Î mgeqmx‡ì cÖfve

†Zvgiv †R‡bQ gv`Kvm³ e¨w³ Zvi e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK Rxe‡b Ac~iYxq ¶wZ e‡q Av‡b| we‡kl K‡i wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixiv A‡bK mgq mgeqmx I eÜz‡ì cvj−vq c‡o Ges †KŠZ~njekZ gv`Kvm³ nq| GQvov GKRb e¨w³i gv`Kvm³ nIqvi AviI wKQz KviY Av‡Q| †hgb- †h cwiev‡ii gv-evevi g‡a¨ mym¤úK© _v‡K bv ev gv-evevi weevnwe‡”Q` N‡U, †m cwiev‡ii mš—v‡biv A‡bK mgq wec_Mvgx n‡q gv`K MÖnY K‡i| ytL, Kó, nZvkv, e¨_©Zv fy‡j _vKvi RbÏ A‡b‡K gv`K MÖnY K‡i| cwiev‡ii evev-gv ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv m`m¨ hw` †bkvRvZxq ªe¨ †meb K‡i, Zvn‡j †mB cwiev‡ii mš—v‡biv mn‡RB gv`Kvm³ n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi Awffve‡Ki cÖkª‡qI Ggb n‡Z cv‡i| †`‡ki mxgvš— GjvKvq mn‡RB gv`K ªe¨ cvIqv hvq| H me GjvKvi gv`K eëmvqxiv Ab¨‡ì gv`K`ªe¨ MÖn‡Y bvbvfv‡e cÖjyä K‡i| GB cÖ‡jvf‡b c‡oI A‡b‡K gv`Kvm³ nq|

B`vbxs cvov-gnj−vq wKQz wKQz †`vKvwb Ges ew —i A‡b‡K gv`K ªe¨ †Kbv‡ePv K‡i| ZvivI wewfbœfv‡e Ab¨‡K gv`K MÖnY Ki‡Z cÖfvweZ K‡i| fqsKi n‡jI mZ¨ †h wewfbœ wk¶vcÖwZôv‡b G iKg wPÎ †`Lv hvq| Gfv‡e GKRb e¨w³ bvbvfv‡e gv`K MÖnY Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ n‡”Q| gv`Kvm³ nIqvi †¶‡Î mgeqmx, eÜz, mncvVx I m½x-mv_x‡ì cÖfve me‡P‡q †ewk| eqtmwÜKv‡j †Q‡j‡g‡qiv w`‡bi AwaKvsk mgqB ¯‹z‡j Ges eÜz ev m½x-mv_x‡ì mv‡_ KvUvq| m½x-mv_x‡ì †KD hw` gv`‡K Avm³ nq, Zvn‡j Zvi cÖ‡ivPbvq ev wb‡Riv †KŠZ~njekZ gv`K †meb K‡i Zvn‡j †m ax‡i ax‡i gv`Kvm³ n‡q c‡o| eÜz ev mv_x‡ì G ai‡bi KzcÖfve †_‡K gy³ _vKvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb AvZ¥m‡PZbZv I „p g‡bvej|

KvR-1 : gv`Kvm³ e¨w³ cwievi I mgv‡Ri Ac~iYxq ¶wZ e‡q Av‡b| K_vwU wK wVK? e¨vL¨v Ki|

cvV-4 : gv`Kvmw³ cÖwZ‡iva gv`Kvmw³i ¶wZKi w`K¸‡jv †Zvgiv †R‡bQ| mgv‡R gv`Kvm³‡ì msL¨v w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q| gv`‡Ki GB me©bvkv MÖvm †_‡K cwievi I mgv‡Ri m`m¨‡ì i¶v Ki‡Z wK KiYxq Zv †Zvgv‡ì Rvbv ìKvi| gv`Kvmw³ GKwU me©bvkv welq| G †_‡K i¶v Kivi †KŠkj mevi Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| gv`Kvmw³i g‡Zv †Kv‡bv NUbv NUvi c~‡e©B Gi weiy‡× e¨w³MZ I mvgvwRK cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjv cÖ‡qvRb| †mB mv‡_ Avm³ e¨w³‡ì wPwKrmv I cybe©vm‡bi eë¯’v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Gevi †R‡b bvI gv`Kvm³ e¨w³ †_‡K wbR cwievi I mgvR‡K Kxfv‡e i¶v Ki‡e| G Rb¨ †Zvgiv hv Ki‡Z cv‡iv -

1. gv`K ªe¨ I Gi Aceënvi m¤ú‡K© GjvKvi hyemgvR‡K Ges RbMY‡K m‡PZb Kivi Rb¨ cvovq ev gnj −vq gv`Kwe‡ivax msMVb I K¬ve M‡o †Zvjv| Gme msMV‡bi gva¨‡g gv`Kwe‡ivax cÖPvi I i¨vwj cwiPvjbv Kiv;

2. mvgvwRK e¨w³Z¡, mvsevw`K, mvwnwZ¨K, wk¶K, µxovwe`, RbwcÖq Awf‡bZv, wkíx Gme e¨w³‡Z¡i gv`Kwe‡ivax cÖPviYvq AskMÖnY;

3. wk¶vcÖwZôvbmn Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôv‡b gv`Kwe‡ivax Abyôv‡bi eë¯’v Kiv;

4. gmwR‡ì BgvgMY Rygvi bvgv‡Ri LyZevq, gw›`‡i I wMR©vq cÖv_©bvq Ges Ab¨vb¨ RvZxq wè‡m gv`‡Ki Kzdj m¤ú‡K© RbMY‡K m‡PZb Ki‡Z cv‡ib;

5. ¯‹zj KZ…©c¶ ¯‹zj‡K a~gcvb I gv`Kgy³ cÖwZôvb †NvlYv K‡i G msµvš— eë¯’v wb‡Z cv‡i;

6. gv`‡Ki Kzdj I gv`Kvm³ e¨w³i AvPi‡Yi cwieZ©‡bi wewfbœ w`K Zz‡j aivi wKQz wPÎ †cv÷vi ¯‹z‡j, nvU-evRv‡i I ¸iyZ¡c~Y© ¯’v‡b Uvw½‡q RbMY‡K m‡PZb Kiv|



27

†Zvgiv †R‡bQ gv`Kvm³ e¨w³‡ì g‡a¨ A‡b‡K †KŠZ~n‡ji e‡k ev eÜzevÜe‡ì cÖ‡ivPbvq gv`K`ªe¨ †meb ïiy K‡i| G Qvov i‡q‡Q nZvkv, GK‡N‡qwg, †eKviZ¡, `ytL, hš¿Yv BZ¨vw`| Gme †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Rb¨ hyemgv‡Ri Rb¨ †Ljvayjv, wPËwe‡bv`b I kvixwiK cÖwk¶Yg~jK Kvh©µ‡gi eë¯’v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| hviv GKevi gv`Kvm³ n‡q c‡o‡Q, Zviv mn‡R gv`K †me‡bi Af¨vm Qvo‡Z cv‡i bv| Gi KviY n‡jv, gv`K ªe¨ †meb Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡jB gv`K cwiZ¨vMRwbZ wewfbœ DcmM© Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †`Lv hvq| G Kvi‡Y Avm³ e¨w³‡ì `xN©‡gqvw` wPwKrmv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z cvi‡j Avm³ e¨w³iv Gi fqvenZv †_‡K i¶v †c‡Z cv‡i|

KvR-1 : †Zvgvi GjvKvi gv`Kwe‡ivax cÖPvi Pvjv‡Z Zzwg Kx Ki‡e? KvR-2 : gv`Kwe‡ivax i¨vwj‡Z cÖPviYvi Rb¨ wZbwU †¯ −vMvb ˆZwi Ki|

cvV-5 : gv`K MÖn‡Yi Pvc †gvKv‡ejv †Zvgiv c~‡e©i cvVmg~‡n gv`K`ªe¨, gv`K`ª‡eï Kzdj Ges Gi cÖwZ‡iva m¤ú‡K© †R‡bQ| Gevi gv`K`ªe¨ MÖn‡Yi Pvc Kxfv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡e †m m¤ú‡K© Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| gv`K ªe¨ MÖnY †_‡K Kxfv‡e weiZ _vKv ìKvi, Zvi †KŠkj †Zvgv‡ì Rvbv _vK‡j mn‡RB gv`Kgy³ Rxeb M‡o Zzj‡Z cvi‡e| †Zvgvi eÜz-evÜe ev mncvVx †KD gv`K ªe¨ †me‡bi Aby‡iva Ki‡j ev †Zvgvi Ici Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Zzwg †KŠk‡j Zv Gwo‡q hv‡e| gv`K ªe¨ MÖn‡Yi cÖ —ve ev Pvc Gov‡bv I cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi Dcvq- 1. †hme RvqMvq gv`K ªe¨ cvIqv hvq, †mme RvqMvq hv‡e bv| †mLv‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi Lvivc †jvK _v‡K, Zviv

†Zvgv‡K Gme gv`K MÖn‡Y Pvc m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| 2. hw` †Zvgvi †Kv‡bv eÜz ev mncvVx †Zvgv‡K †Kv‡bv Ilya ev U¨ve‡jU w`‡q e‡j, GUv †L‡j Zzwg evowZ kw³

cv‡e ev kixi Pv½v n‡e, ZLb Gme Ilya ev U¨ve‡jU MÖnY Ki‡e bv| eÜz‡K Gme ª‡eï Lvivc w`K m¤ú‡K© Rvwb‡q Zv‡KI Gme MÖnY †_‡K weiZ ivLvi †Póv Ki‡e|

3. cvov / gnj −vq ev ¯‹z‡j hvivB gv`K ªe¨ †meb Ki‡e, Zv‡ì mv‡_ wgk‡e bv| 4. hw` †Kv‡bv eÜz †Zvgv‡K †`vKv‡b e‡m AvÇv †Ìqvi cÖ —ve K‡i, Zv‡K web‡qi mv‡_ ÔbvÕ ej‡e| H mgq

cov‡jLv ev †Ljvayjv K‡i mgq KvUv‡bv A‡bK fv‡jv G K_v Zv‡ì‡K eywS‡q ej‡Z n‡e| 5. a~gcvbmn †h‡Kv‡bv gv`K ªe¨ †meb ag©xq „wó‡Z wbwl×| GB wb‡la †g‡b Pj‡e| 6. gvby‡li Rxe‡b †h‡Kv‡bv mgq ytLRbK NUbv NU‡Z cv‡i| Gi cÖwZKvi gv`K MÖnY bq, wb‡Ri AvZ¥wek¦vm

I g‡bvej AUzU ivL‡Z n‡e| 7. Aemi mg‡q †Ljvayjv wKsev mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©Kv‡Ê AskMÖnY K‡i mgq KvUv‡e| 8. msmv‡i †QvULv‡Uv KvR K‡i eo‡ì‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| Gi d‡j cvwievwiK eÜb `„p n‡e| 9. eÜz-evÜe wg‡j mgvR‡mevg~jK Kv‡R AskMÖnY Ki‡j mgv‡Ri DcKvi n‡e| wb‡Ri g‡b D`¨g I Avb‡›ì

mÂvi n‡e Ges gv`Kgy³ _vK‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| 10. MYm‡PZbZv m„wói j‡¶¨ gv`Kgy³ _vKvi wewfbœ Abyôv‡b mwµq f~wgKv ivL‡e|

gv`K ªe¨ wbqš¿Y AvBb 1990 Abyhvqx, gv`K MÖnY AvBbZ wbwl×| G m¤ú‡K© fv‡jvfv‡e Rvb‡e| Gme AvB‡b ewY©Z kvw — Ab¨‡ì‡K Rvbv‡e Ges gv`K MÖnY †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡e|

KvR-1 : †Zvgvi yBRb a~gcvqx eÜz †Zvgv‡K a~gcvb ïiy Kivi Rb¨ Pvc w`‡”Q| Zzwg Kxfv‡e GB Pvc cÖwZnZ Ki‡e? KvR-2 : `ytL-Kó †fvjvi Rb¨, ivM-AwfgvbekZ wKsev †KŠZ~n‡ji Kvi‡Y †Q‡j‡g‡qiv gv`K MÖn‡Yi K_v fv‡e| wKš—y Zzwg w¯’i K‡i‡Q †h †Kv‡bvfv‡eB gv`K MÖnY Ki‡e bv| GB cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ Zzwg Kx Ki‡e?

28

Abykxjbx ïb¨¯’vb c~iY Ki :

1. †hme ªe¨ †meb Ki‡j †m¸‡jvi cÖwZ Avmw³ R‡b¥, †m¸‡jvB n‡jv ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ|

2. gv`K MÖn‡Yi d‡j †KvgjgwZ wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì Rxeb ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ n‡”Q|

3. gv`K ªe¨ wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ |

4. gv`Kvmw³ GKwU ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ welq|

5. †KD gv`K ªe¨ †me‡bi Aby‡iva ev Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Zzwg ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Zv Gwo‡q hv‡e|

mwVK kã wgjvI :

K. MuvRv GKwU K. ¶wZKi

L. gv`K †meb ¯^v‡¯’ï Rb¨ L. ZvgvKRvZxq gv`K

M. Pzi“U GKwU M. †gRvR wLUwL‡U nq

N. gv`K Avµvš— e¨w³i N. a~gcvbRvZxq gv`K


1. wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì gv`Kvm³ n‡Z †ewk cÖfvweZ K‡i-

K. gnj −vi gv`K we‡µZv

L. we`¨vj‡qi mncvVxiv

M. cvovi mgeqmx eÜziv

2. gv`Kvm‡³i cÖwZ BwZevPK AvPiY ej‡Z eySvq-

K. gv`Kvm³‡K AvB‡bi nv‡Z Zz‡j †Ìqv

L. mgeqmx eÜz-evÜe †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kiv

M. N‡ii g‡a¨ AvU‡K ivLv

N. ag©xq Abykvm‡bi gva¨‡g cÖfvweZ Kiv

3. gv`Kvm³ nIqvi KviY-

K. Rxe‡bi cÖwZ nZvkv

L. gv`‡Ki cÖwZ †KŠZ~nj

M. evev-gvi we‡”Q`

N. gv`K ª‡eï mnRjf¨Zv



29

4. †Zvgvi GjvKvq hyeK‡ì gv`‡Ki nvZ †_‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb DcvqwU Zzwg me‡P‡q Kvh©Ki g‡b Ki?

K. gv`‡Ki weiy‡× m‡PZbZv m„wói j‡¶¨ GjvKvq wbqwgZ mfv I mgv‡ek Kiv

L. gv`Kvm³ e¨w³‡ì‡K GjvKv Z¨vM Ki‡Z ejv

M. gv`Kvm³ cwievi‡K GjvKv Z¨vM Ki‡Z ejv

N. wk¶vcÖwZôvbmn wewfbœ ¯’v‡b gv`Kvm³‡ì weiy‡× wewfbœ Abyôv‡bi eë¯’v Kiv

msw¶ß cÖkœ :

1. gv`K ªe¨ Kx? 2. †n‡ivBb †Kvb RvZxq gv`K ªe¨? 3. gv`Kvmw³ Kx?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :

1. gv`K MÖn‡Yi †bwZevPK cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki| 2. gv`Kvm³ nIqvi KviY¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3. gv`Kvmw³ cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq¸‡jv eY©bv Ki|

30

PZz_© Aa¨vq

eqtmwÜKv‡ji e¨w³MZ wbivcËv

GKwU beRvZ wkï evev-gv I cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì Av`‡i, †mœ‡n eo n‡q I‡V| Gfv‡e evj¨Kvj cvi n‡q ˆK‡kv‡i c`vc©Y K‡i Ges Zvi ªyZ kvixwiK I gvbwmK weKvk N‡U| GB ˆK‡kviKvj n‡”Q GKwU wkïi eqtmwÜKvj| G mgq wkky-wK‡kvi‡ì my ’fv‡e †e‡o IVvi Rb¨ cywóKi I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Lv‡`ï cvkvcvwk cÖ‡qvRb wbivc` cwi‡ek| cwiev‡ii mK‡ji hZœ I fv‡jvevmvi gv‡S †h ¯^vfvweK ¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡e‡k GKwU wkky †e‡o I‡V, †m cwi‡ek‡K wbivc` cwi‡ek ejv nq| G iKg cwi‡ek M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ gv-evevmn cwiev‡ii Ab¨ m`m¨‡ì ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cwiev‡i wbivc` cwi‡ek †`Lv hvq bv| †mLv‡b wkïiv Lvivc cwiw¯’wZi gy‡LvgywL nq, eo‡ì wZi®‹vi, eKzwb, gviwcU †L‡Z nq| Gi~c AvPi‡Yi wkKvi n‡j Zviv f‡q Pzc K‡i _v‡K| G‡Z Zv‡ì kvixwiK I gvbwmK weKvk evavMÖ — nq| cwievi QvovI cvov-cÖwZ‡ekx, AvZ¥xq¯^Rb Øviv Ges we`¨vj‡q wkkyiv wbcxo‡bi wkKvi nq| Gi~c cwiw¯’wZ‡Z e¨w³MZ wbivcËvi¶vi †KŠkjmg~n Rvbv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| wkïiv cwievi †_‡K, cwiev‡ii eo‡ì I ¯‹z‡ji wk¶K‡ì KvQ †_‡K wb‡R‡ì wbivc` ivLvi †KŠkj †R‡b †b‡e| G Qvov evj¨weevn, †hŠZzK, †hŠbnqivwb cÖf„wZi g‡Zv mvgvwRK mgm¨v m¤ú‡K©I Zviv Rvb‡e Ges wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv m„wó Ki‡e|

G Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv-

1. eqtmwÜKv‡j e¨w³MZ wbivcËvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie| 2. eqtmwÜKv‡j e¨w³MZ wbivcËv i¶vi †KŠkj¸‡jvi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡K myiw¶Z ivL‡Z DØy× ne| 3. eqtmwÜKv‡j wbivcËvnxbZvi wewfbœ w`K eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie| 4. eqtmwÜKv‡j gvbwmK Pvc mvgjv‡bvi †KŠkj¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie|

eqtmwÜKv‡ji evjK-evwjKv


31

cvV-1 : e¨w³MZ wbivcËv

cwiev‡ii wbivc` cwi‡e‡k wkï-wK‡kviiv my ’fv‡e †e‡o I‡V| GRb¨ Zv‡ì cywóKi I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvRb| wbivc` cwi‡ek M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ gv-evevmn cwiev‡ii mKj m`‡mï mn‡hvwMZvc~Y© g‡bvfv‡ei ìKvi i‡q‡Q| G mgq wkïiv Avì, †mœn, fv‡jvevmvi ga¨ w`‡q eo n‡q I‡V| wKš—y A‡bK cwiev‡i wkky‡ì mv‡_ Lvivc AvPiY, †hgb: eKvSKv, gviwcU, MvjvMvwj Kiv nq| wkkyiv f‡q G ai‡bi kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbcxo‡bi K_v KvD‡K ej‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wkï Avevi †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq| wkïkª‡g wb‡qvwRZ‡ì †ejvq GUv †`Lv hvq| evj¨weevn, †hŠZzKcÖ_v wK‡kvix‡ì e¨w³MZ wbivcËvi †¶‡Î eo evav| evj¨weevn I †hŠZzK cÖ_vi Awfkv‡c GKwU Avb›` D”Qj wK‡kvixi mKj ¯^cœ †f‡O hvq, †m kvixwiK, gvbwmK I mvgvwRK wbcxo‡bi wkKvi nq| e¨w³MZ wbivcËvi weNœ NU‡j wkïiv AvZs¼MÖ — _v‡K Ges wbcxo‡bi ¯§„wZ Zv‡ì‡K welYœ K‡i †Zv‡j| Zviv nZvkvq †fv‡M| d‡j kvixwiK, gvbwmK I mvgvwRKfv‡e Zviv ¶wZMÖ — nq| wkïi e¨w³MZ wbivcËv weNœKvix Gme wbcxob †_‡K i¶v †c‡Z n‡j wkkyi gv-evev ev AwffveK‡K G wel‡q m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| Zviv †hgb wb‡Riv wkï‡ì wbh©vZb Ki‡e bv, †Zgwb A‡bï wbh©vZb †_‡K Zv‡ì‡K i¶v Ki‡e| †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi NUbv NU‡j wK‡kvix †g‡qwU cÖwZev` Ki‡e, gv-evev‡K Rvwb‡q †`‡e, GKvKx †Kv_vI hv‡e bv|

KvR-1 : kvixwiK, gvbwmK I †hŠb wbcxobg~jK AvPi‡Yi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki| wbcxob

kvixwiK gvbwmK †hŠb

KvR-2 : wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi mZ¨ n‡j ÔmÕ Ges wg_¨v n‡j ÔwgÕ †ev‡W© wjL| 1. GKwU wkï cwiev‡ii mK‡ji Avì, hZœ I fv‡jvevmvi g‡a¨ †e‡o I‡V| 2. †Q‡j‡g‡qiv evwo‡Z ev evwoi evB‡i KL‡bv wbcxo‡bi wkKvi nq bv| 3. A‡bK evwo‡Z †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì eKzwb †`qv I gviwcU Kiv nq| 4. wkïkª‡g wb‡qvwRZ wkïiv fv‡jv cwi‡e‡k KvR K‡i| 5. wbcxwoZ wkïiv Avb›`-Dj−v‡m †g‡Z _v‡K|

cvV-2 : eqtmwÜKv‡j e¨w³MZ wbivcËvi¶vi †KŠkj

GKwU wkïi cwic~Y© my¯’Zvi mv‡_ my›ìfv‡e †e‡o IVvi Rb¨ Zvi evj¨ I ˆK‡kvi Rxeb LyeB ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| GKmgq Zvi †hgb cywóKi I ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Lv‡`ï cÖ‡qvRb, †Zgwb ìKvi GKwU wbivc` cwi‡e‡ki| †h cwi‡e‡k wkï cwiev‡ii mK‡ji Avì-hZœ, fv‡jvevmvi gv‡S wb‡R‡K wbivc` †`L‡Z cvq bv, Ggb cwiev‡i wkïiv wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq| kvixwiK, gvbwmK I †hŠb−GB wZb cÖKv‡i wkïiv wbh©vwZZ nq| AeyS wkï‡ì Dci Gi~c wbh©vZb fqven cÖwZwµqvi m„wó K‡i| Zviv kvixwiKfv‡e AvnZ nq, AvZs¼MÖ — n‡q c‡o, nZvkvq †fv‡M, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡kva¯ú„nv Rv‡M, mgvRwe‡ivax AvPi‡Y Af¨ — n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i, Avnvi I Ny‡gi e¨vNvZ N‡U Ges cwiYv‡g

32

¯^v¯’¨nvwb nq| wkï wbh©vZ‡bi GB Kzdj m¤ú‡K© wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì aviYv †`qvi cÖ‡qvRb| evwo‡Z evev-gv, AwffveK ev eoiv Ges we`¨vj‡q wk¶KMY GB aviYv w`‡Z cv‡ib| Gi cvkvcvwk Gme wbh©vZ‡bi weiy‡× Kxfv‡e e¨w³MZ wbivcËv i¶v Kiv hvq, Zvi †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì m‡PZb Kiv hvq| cwiev‡ii evB‡i †Kv‡bv wkï wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡j H wkï gv-evev A_ev cwiev‡ii eq¯‹ m`m¨‡ì‡K Zv Rvbv‡e Ges Zviv G wel‡q h‡_vwPZ eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡eb| wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi wkïwU Pzc K‡i bv †_‡K cÖwZev` Ki‡e| †KD hw` wei~c gš—e¨ ev Dcnvmg~jK K_v e‡j, mvgvb¨ ev webv Kvi‡Y wZi¯‹vi K‡i, Zvn‡j cÖwZev` Rvbv‡e Ges ej‡e †h Zviv wVK KvR Ki‡Q bv| †KD hw` Ab¨vqfv‡e †`vlv‡ivc K‡i Z‡e †m wb‡R‡K †`vlx fve‡e bv| †m g‡b ivL‡e †h †m †Kv‡bv Ab¨vq K‡iwb| Nwbôfv‡e cwiwPZ, Aí cwiwPZ ev AcwiwPZ †KD hw` †Kv‡bv wK‡kvix‡K Ab¨vqfv‡e Zvi kixi ¯úk© K‡i ev ¯úk© Kivi †Póv K‡i, Zvn‡j evwo‡Z gv, Lvjv, eo †evb ev Abyi~c KvD‡K Rvwb‡q †`‡e| †Kv‡bvi~c fq ev j¾v cv‡e bv| KviY †h ev hviv G KvRwU K‡i‡Q Zviv Ab¨vq K‡i‡Q| †Kv‡bv wK‡kvix GKvKx †Kv_vI hv‡e bv| †KD Lvivc K_v ej‡j wKsev Lvivc c Ö —ve Ki‡j ivwR n‡e bv| `yN©UbvekZ †KD wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡j Zvi kvixwiK I gvbwmK Kó jvN‡ei Rb¨ †mev, wPwKrmv I †mœn-fv‡jvevmv w`‡q Zv‡K my¯’ I ¯^vfvweK Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| evev-gv, AwffveKmn wk¶K Ges cwiev‡ii Ab¨ m`m¨‡ìI m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z †Q‡j‡g‡qiv †Kv‡bv wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi bv nq|

KvR-1 : wb‡Pi welq¸‡jv‡K Zzwg Kxfv‡e †`L‡e [wUK (√) wPý `vI ] GKgZ GKgZ bq

1. wbh©vZbKvix e¨w³‡K †KD fv‡jv e‡j bv 2. wbh©vwZZ wkï‡K mevB N„Yv K‡i 3. wbh©vwZZ wkïi cv‡k uvov‡Z nq 4. wbh©vwZZ wkï‡K Dcnvm Kiv wVK bq 5. wbh©vwZZ wkï‡K †mœn-fv‡jvevmv w`‡q my ’ K‡i †Zvjv cÖ‡qvRb 6. wbh©vZ‡bi wel‡q gv-evev ev eo‡ì Rvbv‡Z n‡e 7. wbh©vZbKvix †_‡K mZK© _vKv ìKvi 8. wbh©vwZZ wkï‡K mvnm I kw³ †hvMv‡Z n‡e KvR-2 : †Zvgvi †Kv‡bv eÜz wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡j Zvi cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZ Rvbv‡Z Kx Kx Kiv cÖ‡qvRb? †Zvgvi †Kv‡bv mncvVxi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i 3wU Dcvq †jL| 1. 2. 3.

cvV-3 : eqtmwÜKv‡j kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbcxob

wbivcËvnxbZvi wewfbœ w`K : B”Qvi weiy‡× KvD‡K hw` †Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv nq Ges eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e †m KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q hw` Zv Zvi kvixwiK ev gvbwmK ¶wZi KviY n‡q uvovq, Z‡e Zv‡K wbcxob ejv hvq| †h‡Kv‡bv eq‡mi †Q‡j‡g‡q, bvix-cyiyl‡K cÖPÊfv‡e eKvewK Kiv, D”P¯^‡i agK †Ìqv, Acgvb Kiv, kvixwiKfv‡e AvNvZ Kiv wKsev gviai Kiv- Gme KvR wbcxo‡bi AvIZvq c‡o| Avgv‡ì mgv‡R wK‡kvi eq‡mi †Q‡j‡g‡qiv me‡P‡q †ewk wbcxo‡bi wkKvi nq| kvixwiKfv‡e AvNvZcÖvß n‡j Zv‡K kvixwiK wbcxob



33

e‡j| †h mg¯— KvR, AvPiY, K_v cÖf„wZ wkï-wK‡kvi‡K gvbwmK Kó †`q Ges wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì gvbwmK weKvk‡K evavMÖ — K‡i, Zv‡K gvbwmK wbcxob e‡j| †hgb: M„nKgx© wn‡m‡e GKwU wkï‡K Zvi mv‡aï AwZwi³ Kv‡R eva¨ Kiv Ges Zvi c‡¶ †m KvR Kiv m¤¢e bv n‡j Zv‡K eKzwb †Ìqv QvovI Po-_vào ev M„nmvgMÖx w`‡q AvNvZ Kiv nq| d‡j H wkïwU kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ — nq|

†hŠb wbcxob : †hŠb wbcxob Av‡iKwU welq hv GKwU †g‡qwkïi Ac~iYxq ¶wZ K‡i| Amr D‡Ï‡k¨ Kv‡iv kix‡ii †Kvb As‡k we‡klZ †cvkv‡K †X‡K ivLv As‡k nvZ ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv A½ w`‡q ¯úk© ev AvNvZ Kiv n‡j Zv‡K †hŠb wbcxob ejv nq| †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi GKRb wK‡kvixi cieZ©x‡Z ¯^vfvweK Rxe‡b Avm‡Z Kó nq| †m e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK I mvgvwRKfv‡e wbM„nxZ nq| †hŠb wbcxo‡bi Av‡iKwU D‡j−L‡hvM¨ welq n‡jv evj¨weevn| Avgv‡ì †`‡k A‡bK †Q‡j‡g‡qiB ˆK‡kv‡i we‡q n‡q hvq| AwffveK‡ì g‡a¨ Zv‡ì †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì Lye Kg eq‡m we‡q †`qvi cÖeYZv †`Lv hvq| AcwiYZ eq‡m Gi~c we‡qi NUbv NU‡j Zv‡K evj¨ weevn e‡j| evsjv‡`‡k weevn wbeÜb AvBb Abymv‡i 21 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx GKRb †Q‡j Ges 18 eQ‡ii Kg eqmx GKRb †g‡qi we‡q AvBbZ wbwl×| evj¨weev‡ni wewfbœ Kvi‡Yi g‡a¨ Avw_©K I mvgvwRK wbivcËvi Afve Ab¨Zg| Gi~c evj¨weev‡ni d‡j wK‡kvixwU †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq| †hŠb wgj‡bi Rb¨ m¤ú~Y©fv‡e kvixwiK I gvbwmK cÖ¯‘wZi c~‡e© GKv‡R wjß nIqvq AcwiYZ eq‡m mš—vb avi‡Yi d‡j gv I wkïi ¯^v¯’¨nvwb nq Ggb wK g„ZzÏ N‡U| eqtmwÜKv‡j wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì‡K kvixwiK, gvbwmK I †hŠb wbcxo‡bi we‡kl K‡i evj¨weev‡ni Kzdj †_‡K wbivc` ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| AvMvgx w`‡bi mybvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ myi¶vi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB|

KvR-1 : †QvU M„nKg©x wkkywUi Dci wbcxobg~jK AvPiY¸‡jv wb‡Pi Q‡K mvRvI-

kvixwiK wbcxob gvbwmK wbcxob

1. Po gviv

2.

3.

4.

1. evc-gv‡qi bv‡g Mvwj †`qv

2.

3.

4.

KvR-2 : kvixwiK I gvbwmK wbcxob †_‡K wb‡R‡K i¶v Kivi Dcvq| wb‡P †jLv Dcv‡qi g‡a¨ †hUv mwVK Zvi Wv‡b wUK (√) wPý `vI, Avi fyj n‡j µm (×) wPý emvI|

1. wb‡Ri Kv‡R g‡bv‡hvMx nIqv|

2. †Kv‡bv mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j gv-evev ev Awffve‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv bv Kiv|

3. wbcxo‡bi cÖwZev` Kiv|

4. cwi‡ek I cwiw¯’wZ ey‡S KvR bv Kiv|

5. AvZ¥m‡PZb nIqv|

6. AcwiYZ eq‡m mš—vb aviY Ki‡j gv I wkïi ¯^v¯’¨nvwb nIqv|

KvR-3 : evj¨weevn Kv‡K e‡j Ges evj¨weev‡ni d‡j gv I wkïi Kx ¶wZ nq- avivevwnKfv‡e wjL|

34

cvV-4 : eqtmwÜKv‡j ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ wVK ivLvi Dcvq : eqtmwÜKv‡j wkï-wK‡kv‡iiv kvixwiKfv‡e `ªyZ †e‡o I‡V| Gi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡ì gvbwmK weKvk N‡U| G mg‡q Zv‡ì Rb¨ wbivc` cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv Lye cÖ‡qvRb| GB wbivc` cwi‡e‡k Zviv kvixwiK, gvbwmK I †hŠb wbcxobgy³ Ae¯’vq cywóKi Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i myôz I Avb›`gq Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i| G mg‡q kvixwiK my ’Zvi ¸iyZ¡ Lye †ewk| KviY kixi my¯’ _vK‡j g‡b Avb›` _v‡K Ges cov‡jLvq gb e‡m| Avi hw` kixi fv‡jv bv _v‡K Zvn‡j gbI fv‡jv _v‡K bv| d‡j †Kv‡bv KvR myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv hvq bv| myôzfv‡e KvR m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ Ges my‡L-¯^v”Q‡›`¨ Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wb‡R‡K my ’ ivLv| myZivs ¯^v¯’¨ hv‡Z AUzU _v‡K, †mw`‡K cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB j¶ ivLv DwPZ| my ’fv‡e Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z n‡j †hgb kix‡ii hZœ wb‡Z nq, †Zgwb ¯^v¯’¨ weavbmg~n †g‡b Pj‡Z nq| Zvn‡j Avgv‡ì Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb, Kxfv‡e Avgiv my ’ _vKe A_©vr Kxfv‡e Avgiv ¯^v¯’¨ i¶v Kie| kix‡ii MVb I ¯^vfvweK e„w× eRvq ivLv Ges bx‡ivM _vKvB n‡”Q ¯^v¯’ï¶v| ¯^v¯’ï¶vi Rb¨ ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ fv‡jv ivLvi wbqg¸‡jv †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|

ˆ`wnK ¯^v¯’¨ : wkïKvj †_‡K †hŠebKvj ch©š— A_©vr mvaviYZ 25 eQi ch©š— GKRb gvby‡li †`n e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| G mgqKv‡j GB ˆ`wnK e„w× KL‡bv ax‡i, KL‡bv `ªyZ N‡U| 25 †_‡K 40 eQi eqm ch©š— gvby‡li ˆ`wnK e„w× w¯’i _v‡K| Gici Avi ˆ`wnK e„w× N‡U bv, eis ¶q n‡Z ïiy K‡i| Kv‡RB †h‡Kvb eq‡mi GKRb e¨w³i kixi my ’ ivL‡Z n‡j Zv‡K eq‡mvc‡hvMx mylg Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯^v¯’¨wewa †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j †m Zvi ˆ`wnK ¯^v¯’¨ wVK ivL‡Z cvi‡e|

gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ : †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y gvbwmK Akvwš— _vK‡j Kv‡R gb e‡m bv| †`‡ni Kg©¶gZv n«vm cvq| Avevi kixi Lvivc _vK‡j gb Lvivc nq- wPš—vkw³, eyw×gËv K‡g hvq| ZvB ˆ`wnK ¯^v¯’¨ wVK ivLvi mv‡_ mv‡_ gvbwmK ¯^v¯’Ï wVK ivL‡Z n‡e| KviY kixi I g‡bi m¤úK© wbweo, G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK| wkïKvj †_‡K gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ †hfv‡e M‡o I‡V, †mUvB cwiYZ Rxe‡b gvby‡li DbœwZ ev AebwZi KviY nq| AZGe kixi my ’ ivL‡Z n‡j †hgb gb my ’ I ¯^vfvweK ivL‡Z nq, †Zgwb g‡bi ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’v eRvq ivL‡Z I gvbwmK weKvk NUv‡Z n‡j kixi my ’ ivLv cÖ‡qvRb|

ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ wVK ivLvi Dcvq : ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ e¨w³MZ ¯^v¯’ï¶vq m‡Pó n‡Z n‡e| G Rb¨ cÖ_‡g ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Af¨vm M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| Avi Zv n‡”Q ¯^v¯’¨wewa †g‡b Pjv| ¯^v¯’¨welqK wbqgKvbyb ev ¯^v¯’¨wewai g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q mgqvbyewZ©Zv, cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv, cÖ‡qvRbxq I cwiwgZ e¨vqvg, wekªvg I Nyg, cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigv‡Y mylg Lv`¨ MÖnY, wbqwgZ †Ljvayjv, we‡bv`b, m`v cÖdzj− _vKv, gv`K ªe¨ eR©b, Avb›``vqK eBcÎ cvV, myô we‡bv`b I mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©Kv‡Ê AskMÖnY, ag©xq AvPvi Abyôvb cvjb BZ¨vw`|

gvbwmK Pvc I Zv mvgjv‡bvi †KŠkj : gvbwmK Akvwš— _vK‡j bvbv Kvi‡Y g‡bi Ici Pvc c‡o| g‡bi Ici Pvc gvbwmK ¯^v‡¯’ï cÖavb Aš—ivq| †Kv‡bv Kv‡R e¨_© n‡j nZvkv Av‡m, Avevi hv cvIqvi K_v, Zv bv †c‡j g‡b Kó jv‡M| Avevi wec‡`-Avc‡` gb Aw¯’i n‡q c‡o, KL‡bv †Kv‡bv `yN©Ubvi Avk¼vq g‡b AvZ¼ Rv‡M| Gfv‡e †KD †KD gvbwmK Pv‡c †fv‡M| `xN©w`b a‡i gvbwmK Pv‡c _vK‡j †m Amy ’ n‡q co‡Z cv‡i| gvbwmK Pvc m„wó n‡j Zv Gov‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g Gi KviY¸‡jv kbv³ Ki‡Z n‡e| Gici Gme KviY ~i Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Kg©m~wP MÖnY I ev¯—evqb Ki‡Z n‡e| g‡bvej eRvq ivLv, âh© aviY Kiv, `„pZvi mv‡_ mgm¨vi †gvKv‡ejv Kiv, ¸iyRb, wk¶K, AwffveK‡ì mv‡_ mivmwi K_v ejv, mr eÜzi mvnP‡h© civgk© Kiv cÖf„wZ eÊwea Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g GB gvbwmK Pvc mvgjv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i|



35

KvR-1 : kvixwiK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’ï¶vwelqK KvR, wbqg, wewa BZ¨vwì mvnv‡h¨ wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY Ki- kvixwiK ¯^v¯’ï¶vwelqK KvR/wewa gvbwmK ¯^v¯’ï¶vwelqK KvR/wewa

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

KvR-2 : MZ wZb gv‡m †Zvgvi evwo‡Z Ges ¯‹z‡j wewfbœ NUbv N‡U‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †hme NUbv †Zvgvi gvbwmK Pvc m„wó K‡i‡Q, †m¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki Ges cÖwZwUi eY©bv wjL|

NUbvi D‡j−L NUbvi we¯—vwiZ eY©bv

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

Abykxjbx k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki :

1. ¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡e‡k GKwU wkï †e‡o I‡V H cwi‡ek‡K ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ e‡j|

2. wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì my ’fv‡e †e‡o IVvi Rb¨ ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvRb|

3. yN©UbvekZ †KD wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡j ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Kó jvN‡ei Rb¨ †mœn I fv‡jvevmv w`‡Z n‡e|

4. †hŠb wbcxo‡bi GKwU D‡j −L‡hvM¨ welq n‡jv ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ |

5. evsjv‡`‡k GKwU †Q‡ji ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ I †g‡qi ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ eQi bv n‡j weevn Kiv AvBbZ wbwl×|

mwVK kã wgjvI :

1. my ’fv‡e †e‡o IVvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb 1. eKvewK, Acgvb I AvNvZ Kiv

2. eqtmwÜKvj 2. wbivc` cwi‡ek

3. wbcxob ej‡Z eySvq 3. ˆK‡kviKvj

4. gvbwmK Akvwš— _vK‡j 4. Kv‡R gb e‡m bv

36


1. gvbwmK Pv‡ci KviY - K. †Kvb wcÖqR‡bi mymsev` †c‡j| L. cwiev‡i gv-evev ev we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K êlg¨g~jK AvPiY Ki‡j| M. cix¶vi Rb¨ c~Y© cÖ ‘wZ _vK‡j|

2. gvbwmK Pvc Gov‡Z n‡j - K. gvbwmK Pvc Govevi eo Dcvq n‡”Q âh©aviY| L. †KD wei³ Ki‡j ivM bv K‡i Zvi mv‡_ mg‡SvZv Kiv| M. DËg ev Amr m½x evQvB‡qi ìKvi †bB| mK‡ji mv‡_ IVv emv Ki‡e|

msw¶ß cÖkœ :

1. wbcxob Kx?

2. wbcxob KZ cÖKvi?

3. eqtmwÜKvj ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :

1. eqtmwÜKv‡j e¨w³MZ wbivcËv i¶vi †KŠkj eY©bv Ki| 2. eqtmwÜKv‡j ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ wVK ivLvi Dcvq e¨vL¨v Ki|



37

cÂg Aa¨vq

Rxe‡bi Rb¨ †Ljvayjv

gvbeRxe‡bi GKwU ¯^vfvweK I ¯^Ztù~Z© wµqv n‡”Q †Ljvayjv| GKwU gvbewkï †Ljvayjvi gva¨‡g ax‡i ax‡i

eo n‡Z _v‡K| †Ljvayjvi Rb¨ Kg©¶g I my¯’ †`n LyeB cÖ‡qvRb| Avgv‡ì †`n wewfbœ A½cÖZ¨‡½i mgš^‡q

MwVZ| mwVK A½ mÂvj‡bi gva¨‡g †`‡ni wewfbœ A‡½i Kg©¶gZv, kvixwiK I gvbwmK my ’Zv e„w× cvq|

†Ljvayjvi gva¨‡gB G KvRwU Kiv m¤¢e| ˆkk‡e †`‡ni A½cÖZ¨½ ªyZ †e‡o I‡V e‡j A‡bK mgq gvsm‡cwki

m‡½ mœvqyi mgšq N‡U bv| GB mgšqnxbZv ~i Kivi Rb¨ †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì †Ljvayjv Kiv Acwinvh©| my ’, mej,

bx‡ivM I Kg©¶g kixi MVb A_©vr my›ì Rxe‡bi Rb¨ mevB‡K †Ljvayjvq m¤ú„³ Kiv DwPZ|

dzUej, wµ‡KU, fwjej, A¨v_‡jwU·

G Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv-

1| †`wk I we‡`wk †Ljvi cv_©K¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

2| dzUej, wµ‡KU, KvevwW, fwjej Ges A¨v_‡jwU‡·i wbqg¸‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

3| PviwU †Ljv (dzUej, wµ‡KU, KvevwW, fwjej) Ges A¨v_‡jwU‡·i wbqg¸‡jv †g‡b Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvie|

4| cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©x AvMÖn Abyhvqx Kgc‡¶ GKwU †Ljvq eva¨Zvg~jK AskMÖnY K‡i cvi`k©x n‡q DV‡Z cvie|

38

cvV-1 †`wk I we‡`wk †Ljv

evsjv‡`‡ki AÂjwfwË‡Z wewfbœ †Ljvayjvi cÖPjb i‡q‡Q| Gme †Ljv‡K †`wk †Ljv bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv hvq|

†hgb : `vwoqvevÜv, †Mvj−vQzU, †eŠwQ, Wv½ywj, G°v‡`v°v, nvWzWz BZ¨vw`| Gme AvÂwjK †Ljvayjvi evB‡i Ab¨vb¨

†Ljvayjv †hgb: dzUej, wµ‡KU, nwK, fwjej, ev‡¯‹Uej, †Uwbm, e¨vWwg›Ub BZ¨vw` Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e AbywôZ

n‡q _v‡K| Gme †Ljvi DrcwË evsjv‡`‡k nqwb| ZvB G¸‡jv‡K we‡`wk †Ljv e‡j|

KvevwW : KvevwW Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki MÖx®§gÊjxq †`kmg~‡ni RbwcÖq †Ljv| we‡kl K‡i cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k

GwU GKwU cÖvPxb †Ljv| GB Dcgnv‡`‡k AÂjwfwËK wewfbœ bv‡g †LjvwU AbywôZ n‡Zv| †h‡nZz AvÂwjK †Ljv

ZvB wewae× wbqgKvbyb wQj bv| MÖvg AÂ‡j GB nv-Wy-Wy †LjvB wQj we‡bv`‡bi GKgvÎ Drm| evsjv‡`‡ki

HwZnëvnx nv-Wy-Wy †Ljvi †cvkvwK bvg KvevwW| evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi AK¬vš— cÖ‡Póvq 1985 mv‡j XvKvq

AbywôZ mvd †Mg‡m KvevwW †Ljv wbqwgZ B‡f›U wn‡m‡e Aš—f©y³ nq| ZLb †_‡K KvevwW †Ljv Avš—R©vwZK

A½‡b cv iv‡L| 1990 mv‡j †eBwRs‡q AbywôZ Gwkqvb †Mg‡m KvevwW †Ljv Aš—f©y³ n‡j G †Ljv Avš—R©vwZK

gh©v`vq DbœxZ nq|

KvevwW †Ljvi †KvU© : †h mg¯— †Q‡j I †g‡q‡ì IRb 50 †KwR ev Zvi wb‡P Ges eqm AbyaŸ© 16 eQi Zv‡ì

Rb¨ KvevwW †Kv‡Ui cwigvc n‡jv ˆ`N© 11 wgUvi, cÖ ’ 8 wgUvi| wgWjvBb †_‡K eKjvB‡bi ~iZ¡ 3 wgUvi|

eKjvBb †_‡K †evbvm jvB‡bi ~iZ¡ 1 wgUvi| †KvU †_‡K wmwUs e−‡Ki ~iZ¡ 2 wgUvi| wmwUs e−‡Ki cwigvc n‡e

1 × 6 wgUvi|

KvevwW †Kv‡U©i cÖ‡Z¨KwU `vM 5 †m:wg: PIov| †Ljvi w¯’wZKvj 15 wg: + 5 wg: + 15 wg: = 35 wgwbU| yB

A‡a©i g‡a¨ weiwZKvj 5 wgwbU| †Kv‡Ui yB cv‡ki 1 wgUvi j¤^v RvqMv‡K jwe e‡j| ÷ªvMj ïiy n‡j jwe †Ljvi

g‡a¨ Aš—f©y³ e‡j MY¨ nq| GK wbtk¦v‡m GKbvMv‡o KvevwW KvevwW ejv‡K `g (cant) e‡j| †iBWvi `jmn

wec¶ †L‡jvqv‡oi hZRb‡K Quy‡q Avm‡e Zvi `j ZZ c‡q›U cv‡e| Zv‡K a‡i ivL‡j wec¶ `j 1 c‡q›U cv‡e|

wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ †h `j †ewk c‡q›U cv‡e †m `j Rqx n‡e|

KvR-1 : KvevwW †Ljvi gvV AsKb K‡i †`LvI?

KvR-2 : KvevwW †Ljvq †L‡jvqvo‡ì †Kv‡U© uvov‡bvi †KŠkj cÖ k©b Ki|



39

cvV-2 fwjej :

fwjej †Ljvi DrcwË nq Av‡gwiKvq| 1895 mv‡j DBwjqvg wR gM©vb GB †Ljvi cÖPjb K‡ib| cÖ_‡g fwjej †Ljvi bvg wQj Ôwgb‡Uv‡bUÕ Ges ZLb GB †Ljv n‡Zv ivev‡ii e−vWvi w`‡q| 1947 mv‡j c¨vwi‡m 13 m`m¨ †`k wb‡q ÔwdfÕ ev Avš—R©vwZK fwjej †dWv‡ikb MwVZ nq| evsjv‡`‡kI †LjvwU eûj cÖPwjZ| 1972 mv‡j evsjv‡`k fwjej †dWv‡ikb MwVZ nq |

mvaviY wbqgvewj :

1. fwjej †Ljvi †Kv‡U©i ˆ`N© 18 wgUvi I cÖ¯’ 9 wgUvi| †Kv‡U©i mKj `v‡Mi PIov 5 †mw›UwgUvi| †Kv‡U©i `ywU cvk¦©‡iLv I `ywU cÖvš—‡iLv _v‡K Ges cÖ‡Z¨KwU †iLvB †Kv‡U©i Aš—f©y³|

2. ga¨‡iLvi mgvš—ivj K‡i Dfq cv‡k 3 wgUvi ~‡i ywU †iLv Uvbv nq| GUv‡K AvµgY †iLv e‡j|

3. cÖvš—‡iLvi †cQ‡b 9 wgUvi GjvKvUvB mvwf©m AÂj|

4. ga¨‡iLvi jvBb eivei cvk¦© †iLvi 50 †m:wg: †_‡K 1 wgUvi ~‡i ycv‡k 2.55 wgUvi D”PZvq ywU †MvjvKvi I gm„Y `‡Êi mv‡_ 1 wgUvi PIov 9.50 wgUvi j¤^v Rvj Uvbv‡bv nq| cyiyl‡ì †¶‡Î Rv‡ji D”PZv n‡e 2.43 wgUvi Ges gwnjv‡ì †¶‡Î 2.24 wgUvi| Rv‡ji `yBav‡i cvk¦©‡iLvi eive‡i 1 wgUvi j¤^v I 5 †m:wg: PIov ywU wdZv jvMv‡bv _vK‡e| wdZvi evB‡ii cvk¦© w`‡q Lvovfv‡e jvMv‡bv 1.80 wgUvi j¤^v I 10 wgwjwgUvi PIov `ywU `Ê _vK‡e| GB ywU `Ê‡K A¨vw›Ubv e‡j| `Ê ywU 80 †mw›UwgUvi Rv‡ji Dc‡i _vK‡e| m¤ú~Y© `Ê yBwU ch©vqµ‡g mv`v I jvj i‡Oi n‡e|

5. 12 Rb †L‡jvqvo wb‡q GKwU `j MwVZ n‡e| gv‡V 6 Rb †L‡jvqvo wb‡q †Lj‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ †m‡U me©vwaK 6 Rb †L‡jvqvo e`j Kiv hv‡e|

6. †Ljv Avi‡¤¢i mgq mvg‡bi mvwi‡Z 3 Rb I †cQ‡bi mvwi‡Z 3 Rb †L‡jvqvo uvov‡e|

7. Um weRqx `j nq mvwf©m Ki‡e ev †KvU© cQ›` Ki‡e|

8. mvwf©m AÂ‡j ùvwo‡q ej‡K k~‡b¨ Zz‡j AvNvZ K‡i mvwf©m Ki‡Z nq| ejUv‡K AvNvZ Kivi ciB mvf©vi †Kv‡U© cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

9. wiwmwfs `j hLbB GKwU mvwf©m jvf Ki‡e, ZLb H `‡ji mKj †L‡jvqvo Nwoi KuvUvi g‡Zv Ny‡i GKevi Zv‡ì Ae¯’vb cwieZ©b Ki‡e| GUv‡K †iv‡Ukb c×wZ e‡j|

cðvr †Rvb

cðvr †Rvb

40

10. fwjej cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq 5wU †m‡Ui g‡a¨ †h `j 3wU †m‡U Rqjvf Ki‡e †m `jB weRqx n‡e|

11. †Ljv PjvKvjxb ej‡K wec‡¶i †Kv‡U© cvVv‡bvi Rb¨ GK`j me©vwaK wZbevi ejwU‡Z ¯úk© ev AvNvZ Ki‡Z

cvi‡e| Z‡e e−‡Ki mgq hw` †Kv‡bv ¯úk© nq, †mUv‡K GB wZbev‡ii ga¨ MYbv Kiv n‡e bv|

12. GKRb †L‡jvqvo cici yBevi e‡j ¯úk© Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|

13. kix‡ii †h‡Kv‡bv Ask w`‡q e‡j AvNvZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

14. mvwf©‡mi ej hw` †bU ¯úk© K‡i wec¶ †Kv‡U© hvq Zvn‡j mwVK e‡j aiv nq|

15. wec¶ `‡ji †Kv‡U© ej _vKvKvjxb †b‡Ui Dci w`‡q †mB ej‡K AvNvZ Kiv hv‡e bv|

16. †cQ‡bi mvwii †L‡jvqvoiv KLbB AvµgY Ki‡Z G‡m Rv‡ji Dc‡ii jvB‡bi D”PZvq ej‡K †diZ cvVv‡Z

cvi‡e bv I e −K Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|

17. †h `j fyj Ki‡e †m `j mvwf©m nviv‡e Ges Aci c¶ mvwf©m I GKwU c‡q›U jvf Ki‡e|

18. †h `j Av‡M Kgc‡¶ 2 c‡q‡›Ui eëav‡b 25 c‡q›U AR©b Ki‡e, †m `j †mU weRqx n‡e| hw` Dfq `‡ji

c‡q›U 24-24 nq Zvn‡j G‡¶‡Î wWDm n‡e Ges 2 c‡q‡›Ui eëavb bv nIqv ch©š— †Ljv Pj‡Z _vK‡e|

Gfv‡e cÖ_g †_‡K PZz_© †mU ch©š— Pj‡e| cÂg †m‡U †h `j Av‡M 2 c‡q‡›Ui eëav‡b 15 c‡q›U AR©b

Ki‡e, †m `j weRqx n‡e| Avi hw` Dfq `‡ji c‡q›U 14-14 nq, Zvn‡j 2 c‡q‡›Ui eëavb bv nIqv

ch©š— †Ljv Pj‡Z _vK‡e|

Kjv‡KŠkj :

mvwf©m- mvaviYZ mvwf©m yBfv‡e Kiv hvq Ñ

1. Kuv‡ai wb‡P nvZ G‡b mvwf©m Kiv (AvÊvi Avg© mvwf©m)|

K. GK cv mvg‡b I GK cv †cQ‡b †i‡L Wvb nuvUz mvgvb¨ †f‡O †cQ‡bi cv‡q †`‡ni IRb †i‡L ùvov‡Z n‡e|

L. euv nv‡Zi Zvjy‡Z ej wb‡q Wvb nvZ‡K †mvRv †i‡L †cQ‡bi w`‡K wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e|

M. euv nv‡Zi ej‡K Ic‡i k~‡b¨ Zz‡j w`‡q Wvb nv‡Zi Zvjy wKsev nv‡Zi DcwifvM w`‡q e‡j AvNvZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

N. e‡j AvNvZ Kivi ci d‡jv _ªy Kivi Rb¨ A_©vr mvg‡b Suy‡K covi Kvi‡Y kix‡ii IRb mvg‡bi cv‡q wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e|

AvÛvi Avg© mvwf©m



41

2. Kuv‡ai Ic‡i ej Zz‡j mvwf©m Kiv (†Uwbm mvwf©m) : K. mvwf©m AÂ‡j cv y‡Uv‡K AvovAvwo K‡i yB cv‡qi Dci kix‡ii mgvb IRb †i‡L `uvov‡Z n‡e|

L. Wvb nvwZ †L‡jvqv‡oi Rb¨ euv nv‡Zi Zvjy‡Z ej †i‡L cÖvq 1 wgUvi DuPz‡Z ejUv‡K Qy‡o w`‡Z n‡e|

M. ejUv wb‡Pi w`‡K bvgvi mgq Wvb nv‡Zi Zvjy w`‡q ejUv‡K m‡Rv‡i AvNvZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

3. cvm (Pass) Kiv- mvaviYZ yfv‡e cvm Kiv hvqÑ

1. ynvZ gv_vi Ici wb‡q cvm Kiv (Upper hand pass) :

K. ejwU‡K me mgq Av½y‡ji cÖ_g MuvU I †kl cÖv‡š—i gvSLv‡bi Ask w`‡q ¯úk© Ki‡Z n‡e|

L. nv‡Zi KbyB y‡Uv Kuva eivei ivL‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z wVK Kcv‡ji mvg‡b †_‡K †Ljv hvq| M. nuvUz y‡Uv †f‡O ycv‡qi Dci mgvb fi †i‡L mvg‡bi w`‡K mvgvb¨ Suy‡K uvov‡Z n‡e|

N. e‡ji wVK †cQ‡b I wb‡Pi w`‡K AvNvZ K‡i mvg‡b Ic‡ii w`‡K †V‡j w`‡Z n‡e Ges nuvUz †mvRv K‡i `uvov‡Z n‡e|

Avcvi cvm

42

2. KbyB Kuv‡ai wb‡P G‡b cvm Kiv (Under arm pass) :

K. ey‡ov Av½yj ev‡` Ab¨ Av½yj¸‡jv w`‡q `ynv‡Zi Av½yj¸‡jv‡K Rwo‡q a‡i Zvi Dci ey‡ov Av½yj y‡Uv‡K cvkvcvwk ivL‡Z n‡e|

L. KbyB y‡Uv‡K Ggbfv‡e ivL‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z KbyB †_‡K Kwâ ch©š— nv‡Zi AskUv cvkvcvwk _v‡K|

M. yB nuvUz †f‡O †Kvgi wbPz K‡i e‡ji wb‡P kixi‡K wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e|

N. KbyB Gi wKQzUv mvg‡b †_‡K Kwâ ch©š— Ask w`‡q ej‡K Ic‡i DVv‡Z n‡e Ges kixi †mvRv Ki‡Z n‡e|

KvR-1 : AvÊvi Avg© mvwf©m cÖ k©b K‡i †`LvI| KvR-2 : †Uwbm mvwf©‡mi †KŠkj¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|

cvV-3 : A¨v_‡jwU·

†Ljvayjvi †¶‡Î †`Šo, Suvc I wb‡¶c‡K GK K_vq A¨v_‡jwU· ev Uª vK GÊ wdì ejv nq|

400 I 800 wgUvi †`Šo : mvaviYZ 400 I 800 wgUvi †`Šo‡K ga¨g `~i‡Z¡i †`Šo e‡j| G †`Š‡oi Rb¨

cÖ‡qvRb nq 200 wgUvi A_ev 400 wgUvi A¨v_‡jwUK Uª vK| Uª v‡K †j‡bi msL¨v AvUwU, Z‡e ¯‹z‡j Kgc‡¶

QqwU †jb _v‡K| me©ev‡gi †jb‡K 1 b¤î †jb wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq| †`Š‡oi mgq kix‡ii evg cvk¦©‡K

gv‡Vi wfZ‡ii w`‡K †i‡L †`Šov‡Z nq| GB †`Š‡o ÷¨vMvW© eënvi Ki‡Z nq| †`Š‡oi ~i‡Z¡ mgZv Avbvi Rb¨

†h c×wZ eëüZ nq Zv‡K ÷¨vMvW© e‡j| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, ga¨g ~i‡Z¡i †`Š‡o kix‡ii m¤ú~Y© kw³ GKmv‡_

e¨q Ki‡Z nq bv| †`Šov‡bvi kw³‡K †MvUv `~i‡Z¡ fvM K‡i wb‡Z nq| A‡a©K ev wZb fv‡Mi GKfvM `~i‡Z¡ me

kw³ †kl K‡i w`‡j Avi †kl cÖv‡š— hvIqv hv‡e bv| m¤ú~Y© ~i‡Z¡ kw³ eÈb ¶gZv LyeB ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| †hgb 400

wgUvi †`Š‡o cÖ_g 200 wgUvi Ges wØZxq 200 wgUvi †`Šov‡bvi Rb¨ †bqv mg‡qi eëavb 2 †_‡K 5 †m‡K‡Êi

†ewk nIqv DwPZ bq| †QvU ~i‡Z¡i †`Šo Avi‡¤¢i Kvq`vq 400 wgUvi I 800 wgUvi †`Šo Avi¤¢ Kivi ci Avi¤¢

mg‡qi MwZ‡eM m‡e©v”P MwZ‡e‡Mi †P‡q mvgvb¨ Kg n‡e| †kl P°i †`Šov‡bvi mgq 2 †_‡K 3 wgUv‡ii †ewk

eëavb ivL‡e bv| ga¨g `~i‡Z¡i †`Š‡o cv‡qi K`g †QvU †`Š‡oi †P‡q eo n‡e|

100 × 4 wgUvi wi‡j †`Šo : GB wi‡j ev hy³†`Š‡o cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j PviRb ivbvi _v‡K| cÖ‡Z¨K‡K 100 wgUvi

K‡i †`Š‡o m¤ú~Y© ~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡Z nq| G †`Š‡oi Avi¤¢ †KŠkj w¯cÖ‡›Ui Abyi~c| Z‡e AwZwi³ †KŠkj n‡”Q

-

K. †`Š‡oi mgq e¨vUb ev KvwV e`j Kivi Rb¨ nvZUv mvg‡bi w`‡K evwo‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

L. hv‡K e¨vUb †`‡e Zvi ey‡ov Av½y‡ji Øviv ˆZwi ÔwfÕ ’v‡b KvwVwU †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z n‡e|

M. e¨vUb nv‡Z ¯úk© Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ a‡i †dj‡Z n‡e Ges euv nv‡Z wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e|

N. e¨vUb †`qv-†bqvi mgq Df‡qi †`Š‡oi MwZ mgvb _vK‡e|

KvR-1 : 400 wgUvi, 800 wgUvi Ges wi‡j †`Š‡oi Avi¤¢ I mgvß Kivi †KŠkj cÖ k©b Ki| KvR-2 : wi‡j †`Š‡oi KvwV e`j Kxfv‡e Ki‡Z nq, wk¶K Zv gv‡V K‡i †`Lv‡Z ej‡eb|



43

cvV-4 : `xN© jvd cÖ ‘wZ- Iqvg© Avc ev kixi Mig I we‡kl wKQz e¨vqv‡gi gva¨‡g A¨v_‡jU kvixwiK I gvbwmKfv‡e cÖ —ywZ †b‡e|

wbqgvewj :

K. jvd †`evi RvqMv †_‡K 16-20 avc †`Š‡o G‡m myweavg‡Zv evg ev Wvb cv‡qi Dci fi K‡i †UK Ad †ev‡W©i Dci †_‡K jvd w`‡Z n‡e|

L. †UK Ad †ev‡W©i ˆ`N© 1.21-1.22 wgUvi, cÖ ’ 20 †m:wg: ( 2 wgwjwgUvi Kg‡ewk n‡Z cv‡i) D”PZv 10 †m:wg:| is mv`v|

M. G¨v‡cÖvP iv‡bi ªyZMwZ †ewk `~iZ¡ AwZµg Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

N. Dfq cv‡qi Ici GKB mv‡_ AeZiY Kiv|

O. gvwU‡Z A_©vr Rvw¤ús wc‡U AeZiY Kivi mgq nuvUz Ô`Õ Gi g‡Zv fuvR K‡i _vK‡e hv‡Z _yZwb nuvUz‡Z bv jv‡M| gv_v mvg‡b SuyKv‡bv _vK‡e|

P. Rvw¤ús wcU- ˆ`N© †UK Ad †evW© †_‡K j¨vwÊs Gwiqvi †kl cÖvš— ch©š— 10 wgUvi| †UK Ad †evW© †_‡K j¨vwÊs Gwiqvi Avi¤¢ ch©š— 1-3 wgUvi| cÖ ’ 2.75-3.00 wgUvi Ges MfxiZv 30 †mw›UwgUvi|

Kjv‡KŠkj : `xN© jv‡di g‡a¨ mvaviYfv‡e PviwU Ask i‡q‡Q| cÖ_g †UK Ad †bevi Rb¨ †`Šo, wØZxq †UK Ad, Z…Zxq k~‡b¨ Ae¯’vb Ges †k‡l Rvw¤ús wc‡U AeZiY| †`Š‡o Avmv (A¨v‡cÖvP ivb)-†UK Ad †bIqvi Rb¨ †`Šo I wbf©yj c`‡¶‡ci Dci jv‡di K…ZKvh©Zv we‡klfv‡e wbf©i K‡i| mva¨g‡Zv AwZ ªyZZvi mv‡_ †`Š‡o †UK Ad †ev‡W©i Kv‡Q Avm‡Z n‡e| Av‡M †_‡K wb‡Ri c`‡¶c wVK K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|

gvwU †_‡K Ic‡i DVv (†UK Ad)- gvwU †_‡K Ic‡i IVvi Rb¨ †UK Ad †evW©‡K cv‡qi cvZvi mvnv‡h¨ (†h cv w`‡q gvwU Qvov n‡e) m‡Rv‡i av°v w`‡q Dc‡i DV‡Z n‡e| av°v †`qvi mgq nuvUzi mwÜ mvgvb¨ fvOv _vK‡e| Zvici cv m¤ú~Y© †mvRv K‡i wb‡Z n‡e Ges GKB mv‡_ wecixZ nuvUz †f‡O ywj‡q mvg‡b c~‡e© †bqv cv‡qi mgvb Ki‡Z n‡e|

k~‡b¨ Ae¯’vb (d¬vBU)- †`n Dc‡i IVvevi Rb¨ nuvUz UvK Kiv (Ô`Õ Gi g‡Zv), SuvKzwb w`‡q Lye †Rv‡i cv †Qvov (wnP wKK), †Kvgi ywj‡q I nvZ †Rv‡i mvg‡b ywj‡q Rvw¤ús wc‡U AeZiY Ki‡Z n‡e|

AeZiY (j¨vwÊs)- cv Rvw¤ús wc‡U covgvÎ kixi mvg‡b SuvKzwb w`‡q Mwo‡q mvg‡b P‡j Avm‡Z n‡e|

†MvjK wb‡¶c : †MvjK wb‡¶c‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z kUcyU e‡j| cÖvPxbKv‡j cv_i wb‡¶‡ci cÖPjb wQj| cieZ©xKv‡j GUv †jŠn‡MvjK wb‡¶‡c cwiYZ n‡q‡Q|

wbqgvewj :

K. †Mvj‡Ki IRb cyiy‡li Rb¨ 7.26 †KwR Ges gwnjv‡`i Rb¨ 4 †KwR| e¨vm h_vµ‡g 11-13 †mw›UwgUvi I 9.5-11 †mw›UwgUvi|

L. †MvjK wb‡¶‡ci e„‡Ëi e¨vm 2.135 wgUvi| e„‡Ëi gvS eivei ewa©Z `vM 75 †mw›UwgUvi|

M. kUcy‡Ui j¨vwÊs A¨v‡½j 34.92 wWwMÖ|

44

N. e„‡Ëi wfZi †_‡K 34.92° †mKU‡ii g‡a¨ wb‡¶c K‡i †MvjKwU †dj‡Z n‡e|

O. cÖ‡Z¨‡K wZbwU K‡i wb‡¶‡ci my‡hvM cv‡e|

wb‡¶‡ci †KŠkj : †kLvi myweavi Rb¨ †KŠkj¸‡jv wb‡P avivevwnKfv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :

1| †MvjK aiv :

(K) †MvjK nv‡Zi Zvjy w`‡q bv a‡i Av½y‡ji †Mvovmn m¤ú~Y© w`‡q ai‡Z n‡e| (L) ey‡ov I K‡o Av½yj w`‡q e‡ji `yB cvk a‡i ivL‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z Mwo‡q bv c‡o|

2| †MvjK Kuv‡ai Dci ivLv : (K) †MvjKwU Mjv I Kuv‡ai wgjb¯’‡j Luv‡Ri g‡a¨ †V‡j ivL‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z †Mvj‡Ki fvi ivLv hvq| (L) Wvb nv‡Zi KbyB Wvb cv‡k LvwbKUv DuPz‡Z ivL‡Z n‡e|

3| cÖviw¤¢K Ae¯’vb : (K) †hw`‡K †MvjK Qyo‡e Zvi wecixZ w`‡K gyL K‡i uvov‡Z n‡e| (L) Wvb cv mvg‡b ev evg cv‡qi cvZv‡K wcQ‡b wb‡q Wvb cv‡qi †Mvovwji Kv‡Q ivL‡Z n‡e|

4| ¯’vb cwieZ©b : (K) †Kvgi †_‡K Dc‡ii kixiUv‡K mvg‡bi w`‡K SuywK‡q ªyZ evg cv-†K wcQ‡b Dc‡ii w`‡K ywj‡q wb‡q

†h‡Z n‡e| (L) Wvb cv‡qi †Mvovwj w`‡q m‡½ m‡½ av°v w`‡q m¤ú~Y© kixiUv wcQ‡bi w`‡K †V‡j wb‡Z n‡e| (M) GB Ae¯’vq jvdv‡bv DwPZ bq|

5| wb‡¶‡ci Ae¯’vb :

(K) evg cv‡qi nuvUz bv †f‡O †mvRv K‡i _v‡gi (LuywUi) g‡Zv ivL‡Z n‡e| (L) Wvb cv‡qi nuvUz †f‡O †Kvgi †_‡K Dc‡ii kixiUv‡K wcQ‡bi w`‡K Nywi‡q w`‡Z n‡e| (M) „wó wcQ‡bi w`‡K ivL‡e|

6| †MvjK‡K †V‡j †`Iqvi f½x :

(K) †MvjK k~‡b¨ †V‡j †`Iqvi mgq Wvb nv‡Zi KbyB KL‡bv wb‡Pi w`‡K bvgv‡e bv| (L) †MvjKwU Av½yj w`‡q evB‡ii w`‡K cÖej kw³‡Z †V‡j w`‡Z n‡e|

7| MwZ‡eM wbqš¿Y :

(K) †MvjK wb‡¶‡ci ci mvg‡bi w`‡K Suy‡K hvIqv kix‡ii MwZ‡K wbqš¿Y Kivi Rb¨ wcQ‡bi Wvb cv‡K mvg‡b wb‡q nuvUz †f‡O †`nUv‡K GKUz bvwg‡q fvimvg¨ i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e|

KvR-1 : †MvjK aivi †KŠkj cÖ k©b Ki| KvR-2 : †MvjK †Qvovi †KŠkj¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|



45

cvV-5 D”P jvd

D”P jvd‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z nvBRv¤ú e‡j| D”P jvd †`qvi j¨vwÊs Gwiqvi ˆ`N©¨ 5 wgUvi, cÖ ’ 3 wgUvi Ges D”PZv 60 †mw›UwgUvi| µmev‡ii ˆ`N© 4 wgUvi, IRb 2 †KwR Ges e¨vm 29-31 wgwjwgUvi| wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z D”P jvd †`qv hvq| ‡hgb :

K. wmRvi KvU, L. †ewj †ivj, M. dm‡ewi d¬c

K. wmRviKvU :

1. †`Š‡o Avmv (A¨v‡cÖvP ivb)- 300Ñ450 wWwMÖ †KvY K‡i ev‡ii w`‡K †`Š‡o Avm‡e| 8 ev 9wU eo eo c`‡¶c †b‡e| †k‡li 2 ev 3wU c`‡¶c `ª“Z n‡e|

2. gvwU †Q‡o DVv- (†UK Ad) †h cv‡q fi K‡i Dc‡i DV‡e A_©vr †UK Ad dzU µmevi †_‡K GK dzU ~‡i ivL‡e| wecixZ cv m‡Rv‡i Dc‡i wKK Ki‡e|

3. µmevi AwZµg Kiv-(µmevi wK¬qv‡iÝ)-wKK Kiv cv nuvUz †f‡O µmev‡ii Dci Avbvi mv‡_ mv‡_ †UK Ad dzUI GKBfv‡e Avb‡Z n‡e| µmev‡ii wVK Dc‡i kixi‡K emvi g‡Zv fw½‡Z ivL‡Z n‡e|

4. gvwU‡Z bvgv (j¨vwÊs)- yB cv‡qB AeZiY Ki‡e| Z‡e †UK Ad †bqv cv‡qi wecixZ cv Av‡M R¨vw¤ús wcU ¯úk© Ki‡e|

L. †ewj‡ivj :

1. †`Š‡o Avmv (A¨v‡cÖvP ivb)- 450 †KvY K‡i µmev‡ii w`‡K †`Š‡o Avm‡e| †`Š‡o Avmvi Rb¨ 7 ev 8wU eo eo c`‡¶c wb‡e| †k‡li wZbwU c`‡¶c `ªyZ n‡e|

2. gvwU †Q‡o DVv (‡UK Ad)-†h cv‡q fi K‡i Dc‡i DV‡e A_©vr †UK Ad dzU µmevi †_‡K GK dzU ~‡i †dj‡Z n‡e| Ab¨ cv m‡Rv‡i Dc‡i wKK Ki‡e|

3. µmevi AwZµg Kiv (µmevi wK¬qv‡iÝ)-†Kvgi µmev‡ii Dc‡i DV‡j kixi †Nviv‡Z n‡e| †Nvivevi mgq †cU µmev‡ii LyeB Kv‡Q _vK‡e| G mgq kixi Dcyo Ae¯’vq µmev‡ii mgvš—iv‡j _vK‡e|

4. gvwU‡Z bvgv (j¨vwÊs)- †h cv‡q †UK Ad †b‡e, Zvi wecixZ cv Ges `yB nv‡Zi Dci fi K‡i AeZiY Ki‡e|

M. dm‡ewi d¬c :

1968 mv‡j †gw·‡Kv Awjw¤ú‡K Av‡gwiKvi wWK dm‡ewi GK bZzb c×wZ‡Z DuPz jvd w`‡q †mvbvi †g‡Wj cvb Ges ZLb †_‡KB Zvi bvg Abymv‡i dm‡ewi d¬‡ci cÖPjb| GB c×wZi we‡klZ¡ n‡jv, †h cv µmevi †_‡K ~‡i _v‡K, †m cv w`‡q gvwU †Q‡o Dc‡i IVv nq Ges µmev‡ii Dci †`nUv µmev‡ii mgvš—ivj _v‡K I wcVUv µmev‡ii KvQvKvwQ _v‡K| GB c×wZi me †_‡K myweav n‡jv †h kix‡ii fi‡K› ª Rwg †_‡K Lye Aí Zz‡jB µmevi‡K Abvqv‡m wWw½‡q hvIqv hvq| †h‡nZz wc‡Vi Dci fi K‡i bvg‡Z nq, †mRb¨ wb‡Ri wbivcËvi K_v mevi Av‡M wPš—v Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvB †dv‡gi g¨vU Qvov KLbB GB jvd Abykxjb Kiv DwPZ bq|

1. †`Š‡o Avmv (A¨v‡cÖvP ivb)- µmev‡ii mv‡_ 90° †KvY K‡i uvwo‡q †`Šo Avi¤¢ K‡i Aa©e„ËvKv‡i Ny‡i µmev‡ii Kv‡Q Avm‡Z nq| †k‡li ywU c`‡¶‡c †`‡ni fi‡K› ª‡K GKUz bvwg‡q wb‡Z nq|

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2. gvwU †Q‡o DVv (†UK Ad)- ga¨ kixiUv‡K LvwbKUv wcQb w`‡K SuywK‡q w`‡q †h cv w`‡q gvwU Qvov n‡e, †m cv-Uv‡K †`‡ni fi‡K‡› ªi mvg‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| hLbB fi‡K› ªwU †UK Ad †bIqv cv‡qi Dci Avm‡e, ZLbB †mB cv-Uv‡K nuvUz mwÜ‡Z †f‡O wb‡q ªyZ I †Rv‡ii mv‡_ Dc‡ii w`‡K DVv‡Z n‡e| GKB mv‡_ Aci cvUv‡K ywj‡q Dc‡i Wvb Kuv‡ai jvB‡b wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e, Zvi d‡j wcVUv µmev‡ii w`‡K P‡j Avm‡e|

3. µmevi AwZµg Kiv (µmevi wK¬qv‡iÝ)- †hB gvÎ †`n gvwU †Q‡o Dc‡i DV‡e, mv‡_ mv‡_ nvZ y‡Uv cv‡ki w`‡K †`‡ni mgvš—iv‡j G‡b gv_v, ga¨ kixi I †Kvg‡ii wbgœvsk‡K µmev‡ii Dci w`‡q AwZµg Kiv‡Z n‡e|

4. gvwU‡Z bvgv (j¨vwÊs)- nvZ I cv `y‡Uv‡K Dc‡i Zz‡j w`‡q wc‡Vi mvnv‡h¨ g¨v‡Ui Dci Mwo‡q †h‡Z n‡e|

KvR-1 : dm‡ewi d¬c †KŠkjwUi wewfbœ avc eY©bv Ki‡eb I cÖ`k©b K‡i †`Lv‡Z ej‡eb|

cvV-6 dzUej

dzUej †Ljv c„w_exi RbwcÖq †Ljv¸‡jvi Ab¨Zg| me †`‡k GKB wbq‡g †Ljvi Rb¨ 1904 mv‡j Avš—R©vwZK dzUej ms¯’v Ô†dWv‡ikb B›Uvib¨vkbvj wW dzUej G‡mvwm‡qkb ev wddvÕ MwVZ nq| 1930 mvj †_‡K wek¦Kvc dzUej AbywôZ n‡q Avm‡Q| cÖwZ Pvi eQi ci ci wek¦Kvc dzUej cÖwZ‡hvwMZv AbywôZ nq| 1908 mv‡j jÊb Awjw¤ú‡K cÖ_g dzUej †Ljv Aš—f©y³ nq| 1972 mv‡j evsjv‡`k dzUej †dWv‡ikb (evdz‡d) MwVZ nq| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki dzUej wbqš¿YKvix m‡e©v”P ms¯’v| dzUej evsjv‡`‡k LyeB RbwcÖq GKwU †Ljv| GB †Ljvi gva¨‡g mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve, AvZ¥wek¦vm, w¶cÖZv, †bZ…Z¡ Ges wbqgbxwZi cÖwZ kª×vkxj nIqv cÖf„wZ mr¸‡Yi weKvk N‡U|

AvBbKvbyb :

1. †Ljvi gvV : Avš—R©vwZK dzUej †Ljvi gvV `yB ai‡bi cwigv‡c nq| GKwU n‡”Q ˆ`N© 100 wgUvi (110 MR) I cÖ¯’ 64 wgUvi (70 MR)| Ab¨wU ˆ`N©¨ 110 wgUvi (120 MR) I cÖ ’ 75 wgUvi (80 MR)| †Mvj‡cv÷ D”PZvq 2.44 wgUvi (8 dzU) Ges GK †cv÷ †_‡K Ab¨ †cv‡÷i ~iZ¡ 7.32 wgUvi (24 dzU)| Dfq †Mvj‡cv÷ †_‡K cv‡k 6 MR Ges gv‡Vi w`‡K 6 MR ~iZ¡ wb‡q †h AvqZ‡¶Î ˆZwi nq, Zv‡K †Mvj Gwiqv e‡j| Dfq †Mvj‡cv÷ †_‡K cv‡k 18 MR I gv‡Vi w`‡K 18 MR ~iZ¡ wb‡q †h AvqZ‡¶Î ˆZwi nq, Zv‡K

dm‡ewi d¬c dm‡ewi d¬c



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†cbvwë Gwiqv e‡j| yB †cv‡÷i wVK gvSLvb †_‡K gv‡Vi wfZ‡i 12 MR mvg‡b GKwU †cbvwë ¯úU _v‡K| cÖ‡Z¨K †cbvwë gvK©‡K †K› ª K‡i 9.15 wgUvi (10 MR) e¨vmva© wb‡q †cbvwë Gwiqvi evB‡i GKwU e„ËPvc AuvK‡Z n‡e| G‡K †cbvwë AvK© e‡j| gv‡Vi cÖwZ Kb©v‡i GKwU K‡i d¬¨vM‡cv÷ ¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| d¬¨vM‡cv‡÷i D”PZv Kgc‡¶ 5 dzU n‡Z n‡e Ges Gi AMÖfvM ‡PvLv n‡e bv| cÖwZ Kb©vi d¬¨vM‡cv÷‡K †K›`ª K‡i 1 MR e¨vmva© wb‡q gv‡Vi g‡a¨ GKwU e„Ëvsk AuvK‡Z n‡e| Dfq †Mvj‡cv÷ µmev‡ii PIov 12 †m:wg: (5 BwÂ) Gi †ewk n‡e bv| †Mvj‡cv÷ Ges µmev‡ii is Aek¨B mv`v n‡e| gv‡Vi mKj `v‡Mi PIov 12 †m:wg: (5 BwÂ) Gi †ewk n‡e bv|

2. ej : e‡ji cwiwa 70 †mw›UwgUv‡ii (28 BwÂ) †ewk Ges 68 †mw›UwgUv‡ii (27 BwÂ) Kg n‡e bv| e‡ji IRb 410-450 MÖvg (14-16) AvDÝ n‡q _v‡K|

3. †L‡jvqvo msL¨v : †Ljv `yB `‡ji g‡a¨ AbywôZ nq| †Ljvq cÖwZ `‡j 11 R‡bi †ewk †L‡jvqvo _vK‡e bv| 11 R‡bi g‡a¨ GKRb †Mvji¶K _vK‡e| hw` †Kv‡bv `‡j 7 R‡bi Kg †L‡jvqvo _v‡K Z‡e †Ljv Avi¤¢ Kiv hv‡e bv|

4. †L‡jvqv‡oi mvR-miÄvg : Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e Rvwm©, nvd c¨v›U, †gvRv, wmbMvW© I RyZv (dyUIqvi) Qvov †Ljv hvq bv| Z‡e AvÂwjKfv‡e ¯‹zj ch©v‡q Gme QvovI †Ljv nq|

5. †idvwi : †Ljv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ GKRb †idvwi _vK‡eb|

6. mnKvix †idvwi : †Ljvq yRb mnKvix †idvwi wbhy³ n‡eb| Zviv AvBb Abyhvqx †idvwi‡K †Ljv cwiPvjbvq mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb| GQvov gv‡Vi evB‡i GKRb PZz_© †idvwi _v‡Kb|

7. †Ljvi w¯’wZKvj : Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e `yB A‡a© 45 wgwbU K‡i †gvU 90 wgwbU †Ljv n‡q _v‡K| yB A‡a©i gv‡S weiwZ †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡ZB 15 wgwb‡Ui AwaK n‡e bv| Z‡e AvÂwjKfv‡e G †Ljvi mgq Kwg‡q †Ljv‡bv hvq|

8. †Ljv Avi¤¢ : †Ljvi ïiy‡Z U‡m Rqx `j‡K Aek¨B gv‡Vi †h‡Kv‡bv mvBW †e‡Q wb‡Z n‡e| U‡m civwRZ `j †idvwii ms‡K‡Zi mv‡_ mv‡_ ÔwKK AdÕ-Gi gva¨‡g †Ljv ïiy Ki‡e| GB wKK Ad †Ljvi ïiy‡Z, †Mvj nevi ci Ges nvd UvB‡gi ci n‡q _v‡K| wKK Ad †_‡K mivmwi †Mvj nq|

9. ej †Ljvi g‡a¨ I evB‡i : ej hw` Mwo‡q ev k~‡b¨ m¤ú~Y© †MvjjvBb ev UvP jvBb AwZµg K‡i, Z‡e †mB ej‡K †Ljvi evB‡i aiv nq| †idvwi KZ…©K †Ljv eÜ n‡j ej †Ljvi evB‡i MY¨ nq|

10. †Mvj nIqv : †Mvj ZLbB nq, hLb e‡ji m¤ú~Y© Ask `yB †cv‡÷i wfZi w`‡q I µmev‡ii wbP w`‡q Mwo‡q ev k~‡b¨ †MvjjvBb AwZµg K‡i|

11. Ad mvBW : GKRb †L‡jvqvo ZLbB Ad mvBW nq, hLb †MvjwKcvi Qvov ej I wec‡¶i Aš—Zc‡¶ GKRb †L‡jvqvo Zvi mvg‡b bv _v‡K|

12. dvDj I Am`vPiY : Aciva I Am`vPi‡Yi Rb¨ `yB ai‡bi wd« wKK †`qv nq| h_v- WvB‡i± I BbWvB‡i±| wbgœœwjwLZ 10wU Aciv‡ai Rb¨ WvB‡i± wd« wKK †`qv nq -

1. wec¶ †L‡jvqvo‡K jvw_ gviv ev jvw_ gvivi †Póv Kiv|

2. wec¶ †L‡jvqvo‡K j¨vs gviv ev j¨vs gvivi †Póv Kiv|

3. wec¶ †L‡jvqv‡oi Dci jvwd‡q cov|

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4. wec¶ †L‡jvqvo‡K AvµgY ev PvR© Kiv|

5. wec¶ †L‡jvqvo‡K AvNvZ Kiv ev AvNvZ Kivi †Póv Kiv|

6. wec¶ †L‡jvqvo‡K av°v †`qv|

7. wec¶ †L‡jvqvo‡K U¨vKj Kiv|

8. wec¶ †L‡jvqvo‡K AvUKv‡bv ev a‡i ivLv|

9. wec¶ †L‡jvqvo‡K _y_y †`qv|

10. B”QvK…Zfv‡e nvZ w`‡q ej aiv (¯^xq †cbvwë Gwiqvq †Mvji¶‡Ki Rb¨ GB wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨ bq)|

wbgœwjwLZ Kvi‡Y BbWvB‡i± wd« wKK †`qv nq -

1. †Mvji¶K Zvi nv‡Z ej wbqš¿‡Yi ci †Ljvi gv‡V cvVv‡bvi c~‡e© hw` 6 †m‡K‡Êi †ewk mgq ej a‡i iv‡L|

2. †Mvji¶K GKevi ej †Q‡o †`qvi ci Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †L‡jvqv‡oi UvP Kivi c~‡e©B hw` cybivq ejwU a‡i|

3. ¯^xq `‡ji †Kv‡bv †L‡jvqv‡oi B”QvK…Z wKK Kiv ej hw` †Mvji¶K nvZ w`‡q UvP K‡i ev a‡i|

4. wbR `‡ji †Kv‡bv †L‡jvqvo KZ…©K †_ªv-Bb Kiv ej hw` †Mvji¶K nvZ w`‡q UvP K‡i ev a‡i|

5. wec¾bKfv‡e †Ljv|

6. ej bv †L‡j wec¶ †L‡jvqv‡oi m¤§yLMwZ‡Z evav †`qv|

7. †Mvji¶K ej Qy‡o †`qvi mgq Zv‡K evav †`qv|

13. wd« wKK : wd« wKK yB cÖKvi| K) WvB‡i± wd« wKK, L) BbWvB‡i± wd« wKK| WvB‡i± wd« wKK †_‡K mivmwi †Mvj nq| BbWvB‡i± wd« wKK †_‡K mivmwi †Mvj nq bv|

14. †cbvwë wKK : WvB‡i± wd« wK‡Ki `kwU Aciv‡ai †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU †cbvwë Gwiqvi g‡a¨ wW‡dÊvi KZ…©K NU‡j wec¶ `j †cbvwë wKK cvq| †cbvwë wKK gvivi mgq ïay †MvjwKcvi I wKKvi Qvov †KD †cbvwë Gwiqvi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv|

15. †_ªv-Bb : ej cvk¦©‡iLv AwZµg Ki‡j †_ªv-Bb Gi gva¨‡g †Ljv ïiy Ki‡Z nq| †_ªv-Bb Kivi mgq ej yB nv‡Z mgvb fi w`‡q gv_vi †cQb w`K †_‡K Ges gv_vi Dci w`‡q yB cv gv‡Vi evB‡i ev `v‡Mi Dci †i‡L ej gv‡Vi g‡a¨ wb‡¶c Ki‡Z nq| †_ªv-Bb †_‡K mivmwi †Mvj nq bv|

16. †Mvj wKK : wec‡¶i †Quvqv †j‡M hw` ej †MvjjvBb AwZµg K‡i, Z‡e †Mvj wKK nq| †Mvj wKK †Mvj Gwiqvi ga¨ †_‡K Ki‡Z nq| †Mvj wKK †_‡K mivmwi †Mvj nq| Z‡e †MvjwKK †cbvwë Gwiqvi evB‡i bv †M‡j ej †Ljvi g‡a¨ MY¨ nq bv|

17. Kb©vi wKK : wW‡dÊvi‡`i †Quvqv †j‡M hw` ej †MvjjvBb AwZµg K‡i, Z‡e wec¶ `j GKwU Kb©vi wKK cvq| †Mvj †cv‡÷i †h cvk w`‡q ej †MvjjvBb AwZµg K‡i †mB cv‡ki †Kvbv †_‡K Kb©vi wKK gvi‡Z nq|

KvR-1 : dzUej †Ljvi gvV AsKb K‡i gvc D‡j−L Ki| KvR-2 : †cbvwë wK‡Ki †KŠkj¸‡jv e¨vL¨v K‡i †`Lv‡Z ej‡eb|



49

cvV-7 : 1. wKwKs :

K. †jv nvW© wKK ev †Rviv‡jv wKK - †Rv‡i wbPz w`‡q †Kv‡bv ej Aí `~i‡Z¡ †mvRvmywR cvVv‡Z n‡j e‡ji w`‡K

†mvRv Avm‡Z n‡e| cv‡qi cvZvi †fZ‡ii Ici Ask w`‡q e‡ji gvSLv‡b ev †c‡U m‡Rv‡i jvw_ gvi‡Z n‡e|

†h cv w`‡q wKK Ki‡e, †m cv‡qi nuvUz Ges †Kvgi e‡ji Ici Suy‡K _vK‡e| Ab¨ cv e‡ji 17/18 †m:wg:

(7/8 BwÂ) ~‡i cÖvq †mvRvmywR Ae¯’vb Ki‡e| G wKK‡K Bb‡÷c wKK e‡j| ej DuPz w`‡q ~‡i cvVv‡Z n‡j

†mvRv bv G‡m GKUz †KvbvKzwbfv‡e †`Š‡o Avm‡e Ges e‡ji †c‡Ui wbgœfv‡M AvNvZ Ki‡e| cv‡qi cvZvi

AMÖfvM m¤ú~Y© wbgœgyL bv †i‡L wKQzUv †KvbvKywbfv‡e ivL‡e|

L. fwj wKK : Ici w`‡q ej ~‡i cvVvevi Rb¨ ej gvwU‡Z covi c~‡e©B ev gvwU‡Z c‡o wKQzUv Ic‡i DV‡j †h wKK †`Iqv nq Zv‡K fwj wKK e‡j|

M. nvd fwj wKK : ej gvwU‡Z covi ci¶‡YB Ic‡i DV‡Z ïiy Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ †Rv‡i †h wKK Kiv nq, Zv‡K nvd fwj wKK e‡j| nvd fwj wKK Lye †Rviv‡jv nq|

N. wPc kU : Aí ~‡ii m½xi Kv‡Q DuPz w`‡q ej cvVvevi c×wZ‡K wPc kU e‡j| hLb wbPz w`‡q ev Mwo‡q wbR `‡ji †L‡jvqv‡oi Kv‡Q ej cvm Kiv m¤¢e nq bv A_©vr wec¶ `‡ji †L‡jvqvo Øviv ej a‡i †djvi m¤¢vebv †ewk _v‡K, ZLb G c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq| uvov‡bv Ae¯’v †_‡K ev y-GK cv `~i †_‡K G‡m cv‡qi wfZi Ask w`‡q e‡ji †c‡Ui wb‡Pi As‡k wKK Ki‡Z n‡e|

2. Uª¨vwcs ev ej AvUKv‡bv :

K. †mvj Uª vwcs (cv‡qi cvZvi Zj‡`k w`‡q ej _vgv‡bv) : cv‡qi cvZvi AMÖfvM Ic‡ii w`K K‡i †Mvovwj gvwU †_‡K 9/10 †m:wg: (3/4 BwÂ) Ic‡i Zz‡j, A‡bKUv Bs‡iwR A¶i ÔV Õ Gi g‡Zv K‡i ej _vgv‡bv|

L. wkb Uª vwcs (nuvUzi wb‡Pi Ask w`‡q ej _vgv‡bv) : gvwU‡Z cov ej evDÝ K‡i Ic‡i IVvi mv‡_ mv‡_ nuvUz fuvR K‡i mvg‡bi w`‡K wb‡q Ges cv‡qi cvZv wcQ‡b †i‡L nuvUzi wb‡Pi Ask w`‡q ej _vgv‡bv n‡e|

M. _vB Uª vwcs (Eiyi mvnv‡h¨ ej _vgv‡bv) : cÖvq j¤^fv‡e ev 750 †_‡K 850 DuPz w`‡q Avmv ej Diyi Ici a‡i _vgv‡Z nq| ej Eiy ¯úk© Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_ ejmn nuvUz wb‡Pi w`‡K bvwg‡q Avb‡Z n‡e|

N. †nW Uª vwcs (gv_v w`‡q ej _vgv‡bv) : j¤^ ev wZh©Kfv‡e Avmv ej Av‡ — K‡i gv_vq jvwM‡q e‡ji MwZ Kwg‡q w`‡q hZ`~i m¤¢e ej wb‡Ri Kv‡Q gvwU‡Z †djv|

3. †nwWs : ej †nW Kivi mgq wb‡Pi welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e :

K. `„wó e‡ji w`‡K _vK‡e (†PvL KL‡bv eÜ _vK‡e bv)|

L. gv_vi m¤§yL As‡k Kcvj I Pz‡ji mwÜ¯’‡j ej jvM‡e|

M. Nvo k³ †i‡L e‡j- AvNvZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

N. gv_v Nywi‡q ej cvVv‡bvi w`K cwieZ©b

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O. wcQ‡bi w`‡K †nW Kivi mgq gv_v m¤ú~Y© wcQb w`‡K wb‡q Kcvj w`‡q †nW Ki‡Z n‡e|

4. †Mvj i¶v (†Mvj wKwcs) : dzUej †Ljvq †Mvj wKwcs LyeB ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| †Mvji¶K‡K †ewki fvM mgq nvZ w`‡q ej ai‡Z nq| Avevi mgq mgq cv w`‡qI ej AvUKv‡Z ev gvi‡Z nq| ZvB nvZ I cv w`‡q gvivi I aivi Kjv‡KŠkj Aek¨B wk‡L wb‡Z n‡e|

wewfbœfv‡e Avmv ej aivi c×wZ :

K. wbPz ej- mKj Ae¯’vq e‡ji w`‡K `„wó ivL‡Z n‡e| wbPz ej aivi Rb¨ m¤ú~Y© †`n wVK e‡ji wcQ‡b ivL‡e Ges nuvUz †mvRv †i‡L kixi mvg‡b Suy‡K `ynvZ w`‡q ej Kzwo‡q wb‡q ey‡Ki Kv‡Q wb‡q †b‡e|

L. †Kvgi mgvb ej- †Kvgi mgvb ej‡K e‡ji jvB‡b uvwo‡q ai‡Z nq| ejv aivi m‡½ m‡½B Zj‡cUUv‡K wfZ‡ii w`‡K wb‡q ejUv‡K †c‡Ui g‡a¨ XywK‡q w`‡qB yB nvZ w`‡q ej k³ K‡i Rwo‡q ai‡Z n‡e †hb ejUv wQU‡K bv c‡o|

†Kvgi mgvb ej aiv

wbPz ej aiv



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M. DuPz ej- DuPz ej aivi Rb¨ yB nvZ mvg‡b ev Ic‡i evwo‡q `yB nv‡Zi Zvjy ev Av½y‡ji mvnv‡h¨ ej a‡i ey‡Ki Kv‡Q †U‡b Avb‡e|

5. ej KvovKvwo Kiv (ej U¨vKwjs) : dzUej †Ljvq U¨vKwjs GKUv ¸iyZ¡c~Y© i¶YvZ¥K †KŠkj| mvg‡b, wcQ‡b I

cvk †_‡K U¨vKwjs Kiv hvq| U¨vKwjs‡qi mgq †PvL Aek¨B e‡ji Dci ivL‡Z n‡e| wec¶ hLb Zvi fvimvg¨

i¶v Ki‡Z Amyweav †eva K‡i wVK †m gyÊ‡Z©B U¨vKwjs Kiv †mvRv I myweavRbK| U¨vKwjs‡qi mgq hv‡Z

wec¾bK PvR© bv nq, †m w`‡K j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e|

KvR-1 : dzUej †Ljvi Kjv‡KŠkj wk¶v_©x‡ì mvg‡b e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb| cvi`k©x wk¶v_©x‡K w`‡q gv‡V cÖ`k©b Ki‡eb| wewfbœ `‡j fvM K‡i wk¶v_©x‡ì‡K gv‡V K‡i †`Lv‡Z ej‡eb| fyj cwijw¶Z n‡j ms‡kvab K‡i †`‡eb| wbqwgZ Abykxj‡bi civgk© †`‡eb|

cvV-8 : wµ‡KU

wµ‡KU †Ljvi Rb¥ Bsj¨v‡Ê| hLb cÖ_g wµ‡KU †Ljv ïiy nq, ZLb wKš—y †Kv‡bv iKg DB‡KU †cuvZv n‡Zv bv|

†hLv‡b †Ljv n‡Zv, †mLv‡b †Mvj K‡i GKwU †QvU MZ© Luyy‡o †bIqv n‡Zv Ges M‡Z©i av‡i GKRb †L‡jvqvo e¨vU

nv‡Z uvovZ| GB M‡Z©i wKQz `~i †_‡K GKRb †L‡jvqvo ej M‡Z©i w`‡K GwM‡q w`Z| †L‡jvqvowU hw` ejwU‡K

M‡Z©i g‡a¨ covi Av‡MB e¨vU w`‡q AvNvZ K‡i mwi‡q bv w`‡Z cviZ Zvn‡jB AvDU n‡q †hZ| 1700 mvj

†_‡K cÖ_g DB‡KU cuy‡Z wKQz wbqgKvbyb cÖeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g †Ljv ïiy nq| wµ‡KU †Ljvq 42wU Avš—R©vwZK wbqg

i‡q‡Q| Avevi GB 42wU AvB‡bi A‡bK wewa-cÖwewa Av‡Q| GB †Ljvi LuywUbvwU AvBb Rvbv ìKvi|

DuPz ej aiv

52

AvBbKvbyb :

1. †L‡jvqvo- 16 Rb †L‡jvqvo mgš^‡q GKwU `j MwVZ nq Ges GKRb Awabvq‡Ki Aax‡b cÖwZ `j 11 Rb †L‡jvqvo wb‡q †Lj‡e| ÔUmÕ Gi Av‡M 11 Rb †L‡jvqv‡oi bvg w`‡Z n‡e| Um n‡q †M‡j wec¶ Awabvq‡Ki m¤§wZ Qvov †L‡jvqvo e`j Kiv hv‡e bv|

2. cwieZ©b- †Kv‡bv †L‡jvqvo †Ljvi mgqKvjxb Amy¯’ ev AvnZ n‡q co‡j wec¶ Awabvq‡Ki AbygwZ mv‡c‡¶ Zvi cwie‡Z© GKRb bvwg‡q ïay wdwìs Kiv‡bv hv‡e| wKš—y e¨vwUs I †evwjs Kiv‡bv hv‡e bv|

3. Av¤úvqvi- wbi‡c¶Zv mnKv‡i †Ljv‡K wbqš¿Y ivLvi Rb¨ cÖwZ cÖv‡š— GKRb K‡i `yÕRb Av¤úvqvi wb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| gv‡Vi evB‡i GKRb _vW© Av¤úvqvi _vK‡eb|

4. †¯‹vivi- hZ ivb n‡e Zv †iKW© Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ †¯‹vivi wbhy³ n‡eb| Av¤úvqvi KZ…©K cÖ`Ë hveZxq wb‡`©k I ms‡KZ MÖnY K‡i wZwb †m¸‡jvi cÖvwß ¯^xKvi Ki‡eb|

5. ej- ej Gi IRb (5 1/2 AvDÝ) 155.9 MÖv‡gi Kg I (5 3/4 AvDÝ) 163 MÖv‡gi †ewk n‡e bv| Gi cwiwa 22.4 †mw›UwgUvi Gi Kg I 22.9 †mw›UwgUvi Gi †ewk n‡e bv|

6. e¨vU- e¨v‡Ui cÖ¯’ 10.8 †mw›UwgUv‡ii †ewk n‡e bv Ges ˆ`N© 96.5 †mw›UwgUv‡ii †ewk n‡e bv|

7. wcP- wµ‡KU †Ljvi wcP ˆ`N©¨ 20.12 wgUvi (22 MR) I cÖ‡¯’ 3.05 wgUvi (10 dzU) n‡q _v‡K| mvaviYZ wc‡Pi †K›`ª n‡Z 50 †_‡K 90 MR `~i‡Z¡ mxgvbv Uvbv nq|

8. DB‡KU- cÖwZ cÖv‡š— wZbwU K‡i DB‡KU †cuvZv _vK‡e|

9. †evwjs Ges cwcs wµR- DB‡K‡Ui mv‡_ GKB †iLvq †evwjs wµR n‡e hvi ˆ`N© 2.64 wgUvi (8 dzU 8 BwÂ)| †evwjs wµ‡Ri mvg‡b 1.22 wgUvi (4 dzU) mgvš—ivjfv‡e Uvbv n‡e cwcs wµR|

10. wc‡Pi ZË¡veavb- cÖwZ Bwbs‡mi ïiy‡Z 7 wgwbU K‡i wcP †ivj Ki‡Z n‡e| wc‡Pi Nvm eo _vK‡j †Qu‡U w`‡Z n‡e|

11. wcP Av”Qv`b I i¶Yv‡e¶Y- †Ljv ïiyi Av‡M wcP †X‡K ivL‡Z n‡e| †Ljv PjvKvjxb mg‡q wcP XvKv hv‡e bv|

12. Bwbsm- cÖwZ `j 5 w`‡bi †Ljvq 2wU K‡i Ges GK w`‡bi †Ljvq GKwU K‡i Bwbsm ch©vqµ‡g †Lj‡e| Bwbs‡mi wbe©vPb Um Øviv wba©vwiZ n‡e|

13. d‡jv Ab- cuvP w`‡bi †Ljvq †h `j cÖ_‡g e¨vU K‡i 200 iv‡b, wZb ev Pvi w`‡bi †Ljvq 150 iv‡b, `yB w`‡bi †Ljvq 100 iv‡b Ges 1 w`‡bi †Ljvq 75 iv‡b GwM‡q _vK‡j cÖwZc¶ `j‡K d‡jv-Ab Kiv‡Z cvi‡e|

14. wWK¬v‡ikb- †LjvwU hZ w`‡bi †nvK bv †Kb e¨vwUs `‡ji AwabvqK †Ljv Pjvi g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv mgq Bwbs‡mi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

15. †Ljv ïiy - cÖwZ Bwbs‡mi Ges cÖwZ w`‡bi †Ljvi ïiy‡Z Ges †h‡Kv‡bv weiwZi †k‡l †evjvi cÖv‡š—i Av¤úvqvi Ô†c−Õ †W‡K †Ljv ïiy Ki‡eb|

16. weiwZ- LvIqvi Rb¨ weiwZKvj 40 wgwbU, Pv weiwZi Rb¨ 20 wgwbU Ges yB Bwbs‡mi gv‡S 10 wgwbU|



53

17. †Ljv mgvwß- cÖwZw`‡bi †Ljvi †k‡l Ges †Ljvi mgvwß‡Z Av¤úvqvi ÔUvBgÕ WvK‡eb, †mB mv‡_ Dfq DB‡KU †_‡K Ô†ejÕ ¸‡jv DwV‡q †b‡eb|

18. †¯‹vwis- ÔivbÕ -Gi Øviv †¯‹v‡ii wnmve Kiv n‡e|

19. evDÊvwi- Bwbsm wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ Um Kivi Av‡M Av¤úvqviiv Dfq `‡ji mv‡_ †Ljvi evDÊvwii e¨vcv‡i GKgZ n‡eb| ej evDÊvwi AwZµg Ki‡j Av¤úvqvi evDÊvwii ms‡KZ †`‡eb| ej evDÊvwii jvBb AwZµg Kivi Av‡M †Kv‡bv wdìvi ejwU‡K a‡i DB‡KU wKcvi ev †evjv‡ii wbKU †diZ cvVv‡bvi AvM ch©š— e¨vUmg¨vb hZ¸‡jv ivb †b‡e, †m¸‡jvB ivb e‡j MY¨ n‡e| Ifvi †_ªv ev †Kv‡bv wdìg¨v‡bi †QvovK…Z Kv‡Ri Rb¨ evDÊvwi n‡j hZ¸‡jv ivb Av‡MB †bIqv n‡q‡Q Zvi mv‡_ evDÊvwii Rb¨ cÖ‡`q ivb GK‡Î †¯‹v‡i †hvM n‡e|

20. j÷ ej- ej hw` Kvh©Kix ¶gZvi †gqv` _vKvKv‡j Luy‡R cvIqv bv hvq Zvn‡j †h †Kv‡bv wdìg¨vb Ôj÷ ejÕ WvK‡Z cv‡ib| Ôj÷ ejÕ WvKv n‡j †¯‹v‡i 6 ivb †hvM n‡e| wKš—y Ôj÷ ejÕ WvKvi Av‡M hw` 6 iv‡bi †ewk ivb †bIqv n‡q _v‡K Z‡e meKwU ivb †¯‹v‡i †hvM Kiv n‡e|

21. djvdj- †h `‡ji †gvU ivb wec‡¶i †gvU iv‡bi †P‡q †ewk n‡e, †m `jB Rqx n‡e| hw` ivb msL¨v mgvb _v‡K Ges Ab¨ †Kv‡bv kZ© bv _v‡K Z‡e †LjvwU AgxgvswmZ e‡j aiv n‡e|

22. Ifvi- mvaviYZ 6wU e‡j GKwU Ifvi aiv nq| ej Mwo‡q mxgvbvi evB‡i †M‡j 4 ivb I Dci w`‡q mxgvbvi evB‡i †M‡j 6 ivb †hvM nq|

23. †WWej- Av¤úvqv‡ii g‡Z ej cvKv‡cv³fv‡e DB‡KU i¶K ev †evjv‡ii nv‡Z Rgv co‡j wKsev evDÊvwi n‡j A_ev ejwU †Kv‡bv e¨vUmg¨vb ev Av¤úvqv‡ii †cvkv‡Ki g‡a¨ AvU‡K †M‡j ejwU †WW e‡j MY¨ n‡e|

24. †bv ej- †Kv‡bv e‡j †Wwjfvwi c×wZi ˆeaZv m¤ú‡K© Av¤úvqvi mš—yó bv n‡j wZwb Ô†bv ejÕ ms‡KZ †`‡eb|

25. IqvBW ej- Av¤úvqv‡ii g‡Z, ej hw` e¨vUmg¨v‡bi bvMv‡ji evB‡i w`‡q hvq Zvn‡j wZwb ÔIqvBW ejÕ Gi ms‡KZ †`‡eb|

26. evB Ges †jMevB- ej hw` e¨vUmg¨v‡bi e¨v‡Ui ev †`‡ni †Kv_vI ¯úk© bv K‡i AwZµg K‡i Ges †Kv‡bv ivb msM„nxZ nq Z‡e Av¤úvqvi ÔevBÕ Ges ej hw` e¨vUmg¨v‡bi e¨vU ev‡` †`‡ni ev †cvkv‡Ki †Kv‡bv Ask ¯úk© K‡i AwZµg K‡i I †Kv‡bv ivb msM„nxZ nq Z‡e Ô†jM evBÕ-Gi ms‡KZ †`‡eb|

27. Avwcj- wdwìs `j KZ…©K †Kv‡bv wKQz Avwcj bv Kiv n‡j Av¤úvqvi †Kv‡bv e¨vUmg¨vb‡K AvDU e‡j †NvlYv Ki‡eb bv|

28. Ôw` DB‡KU BR WvDbÕ- hw` ej ev e¨vUmg¨v‡bi e¨vU ev †`‡ni ev †cvkv‡Ki Øviv Ô÷¨v¤úÕ-G AvNvZ †j‡M Ô†ejÕ c‡o hvq, Z‡e DB‡KUwU WvDb wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv n‡e| GB Ae¯’vq †Kv‡bv e¨vUmg¨vb‡K AvDU Ki‡Z n‡j GKwU ÷¨v¤ú DwV‡q ej nv‡Z wb‡q Avwcj Ki‡Z n‡e|

29. e¨vUmg¨vb- AvDU Ae wnR MÖvDÊ MY¨ n‡e hw` Zvi nv‡Z aiv e¨vUwU ev Zvi †`‡ni †Kv‡bv Ask cwcs wµR jvB‡bi wfZi w`‡Ki Rwg ¯úk© K‡i bv _v‡K|

30. †evì AvDU- e¨vUmg¨vb Ô†evìÕ AvDU n‡eb hw` †evjv‡ii Kiv ejwUi AvMv‡Z DB‡K‡Ui Ô†ejÕ c‡o hvq|

54

31. UvBgW AvDU- GKRb e¨vUmg¨vb AvDU nevi ci 3 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ Ab¨ e¨vUmg¨vb‡K gv‡V bvg‡Z n‡e| hw` 3 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv e¨vUmg¨vb bv bv‡g Ges wec¶ `j KZ…©K Avwcj nq, ZLb Av¤úvqvi †mB e¨vUmg¨vb‡K AvDU e‡j †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

32. K¨vP AvDU- ejwU e¨v‡U †j‡M f~wg ¯úk© Kivi Av‡MB †Kv‡bv wdìmg¨vb hw` jy‡d †bq Ges Ôwdìmg¨vbÕ hw` cy‡ivcywi gv‡Vi wfZ‡i _v‡K Z‡e e¨vUmg¨vb ÔKU AvDUÕ n‡e|

33. Ôn¨v‡ÊjW `¨v ej - Dfq e¨vUmg¨v‡bi †h †KD Ôn¨v‡ÊjW w` ejÕ AvDU n‡eb, hw` ejwU‡K Zvi Kvh©Kix ¶gZvi †gqv` _vKvKv‡ji g‡a¨ nvZ w`‡q ¯úk© K‡ib, Aek¨ wec‡¶i Aby‡iv‡a GB KvR Ki‡j AvDU n‡eb bv|

34. wnU `¨v ej †UvqvBm - ejwU‡K GKevi AvNvZ Kivi ci B”QvK…Zfv‡e e¨vUmg¨vb hw` ejwU‡K cybivq AvNvZ K‡i Ges wec¶ `j KZ…©K Avwcj nq Z‡e e¨vUmg¨vb AvDU n‡e|

35. wnU DB‡KU- ej †Lj‡Z wM‡q hw` e¨vUmg¨v‡bi e¨vU ev †`‡ni †Kv‡bv Ask ¯úk© †j‡M DB‡KU †f‡O hvq, Z‡e ÔwnU DB‡KUÕ wn‡m‡e AvDU n‡e|

36. GjweWwe−D - Av¤úvqvi hw` g‡b K‡ib †h †jM÷¨v‡¤úi evB‡ii ej Qvov †Kv‡bv ej e¨vUmg¨v‡bi cv‡q ev kix‡i cÖwZnZ bv n‡j mivmwi ÷¨v‡¤ú AvNvZ KiZ, Z‡e wZwb e¨vUmg¨vb‡K GjweWwe−D wn‡m‡e AvDU K‡i w`‡eb|

37. Ae÷ªvKwUs w` wdì- e¨vUmg¨vb hw` D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z n‡q ÔwdwìsÕ-G evav cÖ`vb K‡i, Z‡e ÔAe÷ªvKwUs w` wdìÕ ARynv‡Z Av¤úvqvi e¨vUmg¨vb‡K AvDU †NvlYv Ki‡eb|

38. ivb AvDU- ej †L‡j ivb †bIqvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Dfq e¨vUmg¨vb †`Šo ïiy Ki‡j cwcs wµ‡R †cuŠQvi Av‡MB hw` wec¶ `j KZ…©K DB‡KU †f‡O †`Iqv nq Z‡e e¨vUmg¨vb AvDU n‡e|

39. ÷¨v¤úW AvDU- e¨vUmg¨vb ej †Lj‡Z wM‡q hw` cwcs wµR †_‡K †ewi‡q hvq, †m mgq wec¶ `j DB‡KU †f‡O †`q Z‡e †m Ô÷¨v¤úW AvDUÕ n‡e|

40. DB‡KU i¶K- †evjv‡ii †Wwjfvwi Kiv ej hZ¶Y bv DB‡KU AwZµg Ki‡Q, ZZ¶Y DB‡KU i¶K DB‡K‡Ui wcQ‡b _vK‡e| †m DB‡KU AwZµg Kivi Av‡M ej ai‡Z cvi‡e bv|

41. wdìmg¨vb- †`‡ni †h‡Kv‡bv Ask w`‡q wdìmg¨vb ej _vgv‡Z cv‡ib, wKš—y B”Qvc~e©K hw` Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Dcv‡q _vgvq, Zvn‡j B‡Zvg‡a¨ msM„nxZ iv‡bi m‡½ 5 ivb hy³ n‡e|

42. wewam¤§Z Ges wewaewnf©~Z †Ljv- Dfq `‡ji AwabvqK wewam¤§Z I wewaewnf©~Z †Ljvi Rb¨ `vqx _vK‡e| Z‡e Av¤úvqviB †Ljvi cÖavb wePviK|

KvR-1 : wµ‡KU †Ljvi gvV AsKb K‡i †L‡jvqvo‡`i Ae¯’vb¸‡jv D‡j−L Ki‡Z cvi‡e| KvR-2 : Kx Kx Kvi‡Y GKRb e¨vUmg¨vb AvDU nq Zv wj‡L †`LvI|



55

cvV-9 : Kjv‡KŠkj

wµ‡KU †Ljvi †gŠwjK Kjv-†KŠkj¸‡jv‡K PviwU cÖavb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| †hgb : K. e¨vwUs, L. †evwjs, M. wdwìs, N. DB‡KU wKwcs|

K. e¨vwUs : e¨vwUs wkL‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡g e¨vU aiv, c‡i e¨vU wb‡q wµ‡R uvov‡bv, e¨vU †Zvjv I ej gvivi wewfbœ Kvq`v wkL‡Z n‡e|

1. e¨vU aiv ev wMÖwcs- KzVvi aivi g‡Zv e¨v‡Ui nvZj ai‡Z n‡e| e¨v‡Ui ÔVÕ Ges ynv‡Zi ÔVÕ A_©vr ey‡ov Av½yj I Ab¨vb¨ Av½yj w`‡q aiv ÔVÕ cÖvq GKB jvB‡b _vK‡e| nvZ ywU KvQvKvwQ GKB m‡½ _vK‡e|

2. uvov‡bv ev ÷¨v¤ú : cwcs wµ‡Ri yB cv‡k yB cv mgvš—ivjfv‡e

†i‡L mnR I ¯^v”Q‡›`ï mv‡_ uvov‡Z n‡e| yB cv‡qi Dci

mgvb fi _vK‡e| evg nvZUv ev Eiyi Dci _vK‡e| (evg-nvwZ‡ì †¶‡Î Wvb nvZ)| †Pv‡Li „wó e‡ji w`‡K _vK‡e| evg Kuva †evjv‡ii w`‡K _v‡K|

3. e¨vU wcQ‡b †Zvjv : e¨vwUs‡qi Rb¨ wcQ‡b e¨vU †Zvjv LyeB ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| wcQ‡b e¨vU †Zvjvi mgq `„wó e‡ji w`‡K Ges evg Kuv‡a I KbyB †evjv‡ii w`‡K _vK‡e| e¨vUwU †cQ‡b †mvRvmywR DB‡KU †_‡K Ic‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e|

4. ej gviv ev †÷ªvK - ej Avmvi aib ey‡S GKRb e¨vUmg¨vb‡K wewfbœ Kvq`vq ej gvi‡Z nq| KL‡bv AvZ¥i¶vg~jK Avevi KL‡bv AvµgYvZ¥K| mvg‡b GwM‡q wM‡q hLb AvZ¥i¶v gvi †Ìqv nq, ZLb Zv‡K diIqvW© wW‡dwÝf †÷ªvK e‡j| G mgq evg cv mvg‡b hvq Ges gv‡Vi mv‡_ e¨v‡Ui Ae¯’vb ÔVÕ Gi g‡Zv nq|

†cQ‡b m‡i wM‡q hLb ejwU‡K AvZ¥i¶vg~jKfv‡e †Ljv nq, ZLb Zv‡K e¨vKIqvW© wW‡dÝ †÷ªvK e‡j| G mgq Wvb cv †cQ‡b wb‡q e¨v‡Ui nvZj mvg‡b Ges gv_v †fZi w`‡K K‡i ej _vgv‡Z nq|

5. WªvBf ev m‡Rv‡i AvµgYvZ¥K ej gviv- hLb cwcs wµ‡Ri †ek mvg‡b GK cv GwM‡q w`‡q `~‡i ej cvVvevi Rb¨ m‡Rv‡i gviv nq ZLb Zv‡K diIqvW© WªvBf e‡j|

6. Avevi wKQzUv wcQ‡b G‡m hLb Abyi~cfv‡e ej gvi‡Z nq, ZLb Zv‡K e¨vKIqvW© WªvBf e‡j|

KvR-1 : e¨vU aivi †KŠkj¸‡jv cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z ej‡eb| KvR-2 : e¨vU †Zvjv I ej gvivi †KŠkj¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|

56

cvV-10 : †evwjs

ej Kivi mgq Aek¨B j¶¨¯’j I `~iZ¡‡K wbqš¿Y K‡iB ej Ki‡Z nq| mwVKfv‡e ej Kivi Rb¨ KZK¸‡jv †gŠwjK †KŠkj iß Ki‡Z nq| Zvn‡jB mn‡R ej Ki‡Z cviv hvq| †KŠkj¸‡jv wb‡P eY©bv Kiv n‡jv -

1. ej aiv - †evwjs Kivi mgq ejUv‡K me mg‡qB nv‡Zi Av½yj¸‡jvi gv_v w`‡q ai‡Z n‡e| ej KL‡bv nv‡Zi Zvjy‡Z ivLv hv‡e bv|

2. ej wb‡q †`Š‡o Avmv- KZUv ~i †_‡K †`Š‡o G‡m ej Kiv DwPZ Zv wbf©i Ki‡e Kx iK‡gi ej Kiv n‡e Zvi Ici| ej wb‡q †`Šov‡bvi mgq kix‡ii fvimvg¨‡K LvwbKUv mvg‡bi w`‡K I gv_vUv‡K w¯’i ivL‡Z n‡e|

3. ej nvZ †_‡K †Q‡o ej †Qvovi Av‡Mi gyn~‡Z© evg cv‡qi Ici jvd w`‡q kixiUv‡K cv‡ki w`‡K Nywi‡q wb‡Z n‡e Ges m‡½ m‡½ Wvb cv-†K mvg‡b wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e| Wvb nvZ gy‡Li KvQvKvwQ Ges evg nvZUv †mvRv Ic‡ii w`‡K Ges `„wó e¨vUmg¨v‡bi Ici ivL‡Z n‡e|

4. ej †Qvovi c`‡¶c- ej †Qvovi c`‡¶c ïiy nIqvi m‡½ m‡½ mvg‡bi cv-†K †evwjs wKª‡Ri mgvš—iv‡j wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e| evg Kvua e¨vUmg¨v‡bi w`‡K _vK‡e| †`‡ni wcQbUv LvwbKUv evuKv _vK‡e| ejmn Wvb nvZ DuPz‡Z _vK‡e|

5. AbymiY Kiv (d‡jv _ªy) - Wvb Kvua e¨vUmg¨v‡bi w`‡K _vK‡e| Wvb nvZ evu cv‡qi cvk w`‡q †cQ‡b wb‡q †h‡Z n‡e| ej †Qvovi ci „wó e‡ji w`‡K _vK‡e|

wewfbœ iK‡gi †evwjs - †evwjs A‡bK ai‡bi Kiv hvq| wb‡P K‡qK cÖKvi mnR †evwjs‡qi c×wZ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :

1. dv÷ †evwjs- dv÷ †evwjs ev ªyZ ej Kivi Rb¨ †evjvi‡K 10 †_‡K 15 avc Zvi †ewk ~iZ¡ wb‡q †Rv‡i †`Š‡o Avm‡Z n‡e| KviY ªyZ ej Kivi Rb¨ kw³i cÖ‡qvRb| dv÷ ej ¸W‡j‡š’ A_©vr cwcs wKª‡Ri 1.21 †_‡K 1.22 wgUvi/MR Gi g‡a¨ †dj‡Z nq|

2. Ad †eªK- GB †evwjs G ejUv‡K Ôe¨vUmg¨v‡biÕ Wvb A_©vr A‡di w`‡K †d‡j †fZ‡ii w`K Nywi‡q †`Iqv nq| ejUv‡K †Nviv‡bvi Rb¨ Av½yj¸‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ †gvPo w`‡q ej †dj‡Z n‡e| ej Kivi ci nv‡Zi Zvjy Dc‡ii w`‡K _v‡K|



57

3. †jM †eªK- G mgq ejUv‡K e¨vUmg¨v‡bi ev cv‡qi w`‡K †d‡j Ad ÷¨v‡¤úi w`‡K wb‡q †h‡Z nq| ej Kivi ci nv‡Zi Zvjy wb‡Pi w`‡K hv‡e| G Qvov Bb myBs, AvDU myBs, ¸Mwj, BqK©vi cÖf„wZ Kvq`vi ejv Kiv hvq| †Zvgiv Dc‡ii K¬v‡m D‡V G¸‡jv wk‡L †b‡e|

M. wdwìs- wdwìs wewfbœfv‡e Ges gv‡Vi wewfbœ RvqMvq uvwo‡q Kiv nq| G‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|

1. i¶YvZ¥K wdwìs- e¨vUmg¨v‡bi gviv ej †h‡Kv‡bvfv‡e _vgv‡bvB n‡jv i¶YvZ¥K wdwìs‡qi KvR| e¨vUmg¨vbiv hv‡Z †ewk ivb wb‡Z bv cv‡i ev ej evDÊvwi n‡Z bv cv‡i, Zv eÜ Kivi Rb¨B gv‡V ej _vgv‡bv nq|

DuPz w`‡q Avmv ej aivi Rb¨ e‡ji MwZi w`‡K j¶ Ki| `yB nv‡Zi Zvjy †Lvjv †i‡L nvZ mvg‡b GwM‡q `vI Ges ej a‡i †U‡b ey‡Ki Kv‡Q wb‡q G‡mv| Zvn‡j nv‡Z e¨_v jvM‡e bv|

2. AvµgYvZ¥K wdwìs- ej _vgv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_ KZ ZvovZvwo †mUv DB‡KU wKcv‡ii ev ìKvig‡Zv Ab¨ wdìvi‡ì Kv‡Q †Ìqv hvq A_ev DB‡K‡U jvMv‡bv hvq, †m †KŠkj Rvb‡Z n‡e| G Rb¨ ìKvi ej wb‡¶c Kivi wbcyYZv AR©b| Kv‡Q ej wb‡¶‡ci Rb¨ AvÊvi n¨vÊ ev evÊ wb‡P wKsev cv‡k Szwj‡q ej †Ìqvi Kvq`v wkL Ges `~‡i ej w`‡Z n‡j Ifvi Avg© ev evÊ Kvu‡ai Dci w`‡q ej wb‡¶‡ci †KŠkj wk‡L bvI|

3. K¨vwPs- ej K¨vP Kiv ev aiv K¨vwPs‡qi GKUv ¸iyZ¡c~Y© Ask| e‡ji w`‡K w¯’i `„wó ivL‡Z n‡e| †Pv‡Li jvB‡b nvZ y‡Uv _vK‡e Ges Av½yj¸‡jv †Lvjv I cÖmvwiZ _vK‡e| KbyB y‡Uv cvk †_‡K mvg‡b Avm‡e| ej nv‡Z Avmvi mv‡_ mv‡_B Av½yj¸‡jv eÜ K‡i ey‡Ki Kv‡Q †U‡b †b‡e|

DB‡KU wKwcs- DB‡KU wKcv‡ii `¶Zvi Ici †Ljvi nviwRZ A‡bKUv wbf©i K‡i| DB‡KU i¶K‡K `¶Zvi m‡½ DB‡K‡Ui †cQ‡b cv dvuK K‡i ycv‡qi Dci mgvb fvimvg¨ †i‡L `vuov‡Z ev Aa©-emvi fw½‡Z _vK‡Z n‡e| †`nUv‡K wbPz K‡i „wó‡K DB‡K‡Ui Dc‡ii jvB‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| evg cv ga¨ DB‡K‡Ui jvB‡b _vK‡e| nvZ y‡Uv cvkvcvwk GKm‡½ K‡i Av½yj¸‡jv‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K ivL‡Z nq| „wó me mgq e‡ji w`‡K ivL‡Z n‡e|

KvR - 1 : †evwjs G¨vKk‡bi avç‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e K‡i †`LvI| KvR - 2 : DB‡KU wKcv‡ii Ae¯’vb¸‡jv gv‡V †`Lv‡Z ej‡eb|

Abykxjbx

k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki :

1. GKRb e¨vUmg¨vb AvDU nIqvi ci bZzb e¨vUmg¨vb ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ gv‡V Avm‡Z nq|

2. me©wbgœ ÑÑÑÑÑRb †L‡jvqvo n‡j dzUej †Ljv Avi¤¢ Kiv hvq|

3. †evwjs wµ‡Ri ˆ`N© ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ|

4. fwjej †Kv‡U©i mvwf©m AÂj ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ wgUvi|

5. A¨v_‡jwUK Uª v‡Ki †j‡bi msL¨v Kgc‡¶ ÑÑÑÑÑ KqwU?

58

mwVK kã wgjvI : 1. †jvbv 1. dzUej 2. A¨vw›Ubv 2. A¨v_‡jwUK· 3. kUcyU 3. D”P jvd 4. †ewj †ivj 4. KvevwW 5. wPc kU 5. wµ‡KU 6. cwcs wµR 6. †MvjK wb‡¶c 7. j¨vwÊs A¨v‡½j 7. fwjej

†Ljv Abyhvqx c„_K K‡i mvRvI : K. †evbvm jvBb, L. wjev‡iv, M. ÷¨vMvW,© N. Rvw¤ús wcU, O. dm‡ewi d¬c, P. wmbMvW©

Q. DB‡KU, R. †jv nvW© wKK, S. d‡jv Ab, T. n¨v‡Êj&&W `¨v ej, U. _vB Uª vwcs


1. Avgv‡`i RvZxq †Ljv †KvbwU?

(K) dzUej (L) KvevwW (M) `vwoqvevÜv (N) wµ‡KU

2. KvevwW †Ljvq GKwU `‡j KZRb †L‡j?

K. 5 Rb L. 6 Rb M. 7 Rb N. 8 Rb

3. †KvbwU †`wk †Ljv?

(K) KvevwW (L) dzUej (M) fwjej (N) †Mvj −vQzU

4. KZ mvj †_‡K wek¦Kvc dzUej cÖwZ‡hvwMZv ïiy n‡q‡Q? K. 1925 mvj L. 1928 mvj M. 1930 mvj N. 1932 mvj

msw¶ß cÖkœ :

1. G¨vw›Ubv Kx? 2. ‡UK Ad †ev‡W©i cwigvc KZ? 3. †ewj‡ivj Kx? 4. AdmvBW Kv‡K e‡j?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ :

1. dzUe‡j cÖZ¨¶ wd« wKK †`qvi KviY¸‡jv wjL| 2. wµ‡KU †Ljvq GKRb e¨vUmg¨vb AvDU nIqvi c×wZ¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3. fwje‡j mvwf©m dë¸‡jv we‡k−lY Ki|

mgvß


RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯—K †evW© KZ…©K 2013 wk¶vel© † ‡K · 3/7/2013 · RvZxq...

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