Russell: Geomatica per la ricerca, prevenzione e ricognizione archeologica
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Transcript of Russell: Geomatica per la ricerca, prevenzione e ricognizione archeologica
Topi, gatti, pipistrelli e Topi, gatti, pipistrelli e tappeti tappeti Geomatica per la ricerca, Geomatica per la ricerca, prevenzione e ricognizione prevenzione e ricognizione archeologicaarcheologica
Alessandro Russell (representative)Aerial Archaeology Research GroupSicily Sub-Committee
La geografia evade i suoi confini e invade il quotidianoI Sistemi Informativi Geografici: la provincia di nessuna disciplina
Palermo, Mercoledì 18 ottobre
The International Aerial Archaeology Research GroupIl Gruppo Internazionale di Ricerca in Archeologia Aerea
Il Gruppo Internazionale di Ricerca in Archeologia Aerea è
una piattaforma per lo scambio di idee ed informazioni per tutti i
ricercatori impegnati nella aerofoto-interpretazione, storia,
archeologia e architettura del paesaggio, pianificazione
territoriale, monitoraggio e mitigazione del rischio
ambientale.
Opera in Italia dal 2001 in virtù della abrogazione del Regio
Decreto XVIII – 19 Luglio 1939 in materia di ripresa e diffusione di materiale aero-cinefotografico.
The Archaeological Palimpsest Persian carpet
O.G.S. Crawford jokingly thought of the traditional
field archaeologist as Platonically busy in the
search for the particulars, while his/her
aerial colleagues could ponder upon universal
values.
The ones would be looking through the
fibres of a Persian carpet, while the others admire
the arabesques.
Rat, Cat, Bat & Mat 1Landscape: actors, survey, perspectives
Rat
Cat
Bat
Intrasito, sito, non-sito
intrasito, sito, intersito, non-sito
Paesaggi archeologici
Rat, Cat, Bat & Mat 2Landscape: actors, survey, perspectives
Marks ofThe Roman centuriazione
Plan of Imola
Leonardo D. V.1502
Part I – the pastLeonardo (1558)
Part I – the pastExperiments and stationarism (1858-1874)
Arago – 1839Daguerrotype – new mapping
Nadar – 1858“What (he) had really done
was to change the level of art to the level of science and
utility, from the artistic drawing to work tool”
King/Samuel – 1860Boston – earliest picture
Glaisher – 1862London from 20,000 feet
Lowe/Lincoln - 1863Spy balloons in the American
Civil War
Part I – the pastPignoni /Nadar and camera shake
Nadar – 1875Camera shake and steam glyders
Lilienthal -1884Glyder
Eddy, Batut, Archibald – 1880sKites
Jennings - 1909‘The chief difficulties arise from the tendency to over-exposure; vibration of the camera caused
by wind or movement; and atmospheric disturbances not always perceived by the eye but
plainly apparent in the negative’
‘camera shake may be limited by the rigidity of the camera and of its parts.’
Part I – the pastEarliest archaeological applications
Stolze - 1874Persepolis survey
Boni - 1899‘I have been on the Military
Engineers‟ balloon thrice, 400 mt above the Palatine Hill and
the Forum Romanum, I have taken a dozen exposures and
sketched the plans of monuments and views […] The
Coliseum, and Constantine’s Basilica looked like wooden
models!’
McKenzie – 1900Stonehenge 1
Boni- Vaglieri – 1900-1912Ostia and Pompeii
Capper – 1907Stonehenge 2
Part I – the past1909-12: The Quantum Leap, the Wrights and Farman planes
Part I – the past1911-1914: Wellcome’s kites & young Crawford
Wellcome - 1911The trolley kite had thus
freed archaeologists of their greatest constraint: the
immobility of hot-air balloons. Conversely, it
provided the exploratory potential for small-scale
surveys, anticipating the role of motor vectors.
Thus, Wellcome’ kites could take two types of pictures:
1. verticals, to obtain plans, as had already been the case
with Boni and Vaglieri;
2. obliques, to gain an overall view of the
landscape
Part I – the pastAir Mail Service in Persia, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Transjordan
Part I – the pastO.G.S. Crawford and the invention of Aerial Archaeology
Crawford (1922) Air Survey and Archaeology
Part I – the pastMark types
vegetation marksMarch-April
crop marksMay - June
Soil MarksJuly-September
Germination MarksOctober-December
Part I – the pastMark types
Part I – the pastMark types
Ice MarksJuly-September
Snow MarksOctober-December
Shadow MarksWinter or (dawn, dusk)
Part I – the pastMark types
False Friends
Part I – the pastFalse friends
Fire MarksJune-September
Part I – the pastMark types
Part I – the pastPhytoarchaeological table
Part I – the pastPhytoarchaeological table
Part I – National Mapping ProgrammeEnglish Heritage (22 million pictures)
Part I – Going DigitalAir Photo
Irwin Scollar – 1975/Rog Palmer - 1977Obliquists had always been confronted with
three fundamental problems:
A.Checking distortion created by the oblique
perspective (rectification);
B. Locating precisely the mark within a national reference grid (geo-referencing);
C. Making the millions of shots from the archives readily available.
Scollar designed three consecutive versions of AirPhoto, a software that can rectify
obliques into map-ready orthophotographs needless of any photogrammetric hardware.
Part I – Verticalism
AARG – NATO 2000 Workshop‘In Europe there is a great imbalance in
the results of aerial archaeology, with the countries of the United Kingdom leading
the way in terms of reconnaissance, archiving, mapping, and publication (…)
The limitations to opening up new landscapes are the administrative
limitations as in Romania, Greece, Spain and Bulgaria’
Foggia Training School - 20031. Low altitude (100-400m)/
instantaneous high res
2. Pics taken in best periods for spotting marks
3. Cheap sorties
4. High response: 1000 sites in 75 hours
5. Flexible thanks to pilot/archaeologist synergy
Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia
Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia
Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia
Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia
Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia
Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia
Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia
Part II – AARG Training SchoolsFoggia
Part II – AARG SicilyResearch Perspectives
Ottime Prospettive
in SiciliaLitologia dominata da formazioni
calcarenitiche e gessoseAmpia diffusione di colture cerealicole
Clima steppico-aridoPrecipitazioni concentrate
Part II – Prior ResearchAdamesteanu, Soprintendenza della Sicilia Orientale& Schmiedt, Aerofototeca (1950s-1970s)
MIVIS – 1992/97Prospezioni del CNR-IIA su
Piazza Armerina Gela
- Helaesa- Selinunte
- Lilibeo- Mozia
rivela evidenze precedentementeignote attraverso attraverso analisi
della radianza termica su 102bande dello spettro comprese:
1. Visibile2. Infrarosso vicino3. Infrarosso medio
4. Infrarosso termico
Part II – Prior ResearchMIVIS , Italian National Research Council (1990s)
Part II – Prior ResearchDoneus, Universitat Wien/AARG (2002-3)
Part II – AARG Sicily
Part II – AARG Sicily
Part II – AARG Sicily
Part II – AARG Sicily
Part II – AARG Sicily
Part II – AARG Sicily
Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Qurlyiun
Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Rosamarina
Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Khāsū
Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Petterana
Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Iato
Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Khāsū
Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Al Burqiya
Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials on the Bantūstān – Qasr Nuwi
Over the last three seasons it has become apparent that archaeological crop, soil, and damp marks are rarer instances in Sicily than one might wish. That is hardly surprising given the high transpiration rates and consequently very narrow visibility windows (seven to ten days at the end of May for crop marks).
Such types of marks are best viewed on well drained plains, yet only 14% of the Island lies on flat land. Furthermore, the four largest plains (Mazara, Gela, Palermo, Catania) are extensively covered with vineyards and citrus groves. In both cases, ground visibility is close to zero for citrus are evergreen large-leaf trees, planted closely together to maximise space and revenue, whereas vines are lush green from April until the September harvest. What is more, neither will develop growth stress for they are fully irrigated.
The dominant morphology in Sicily is rather steep land (61% of the island is hilly, i.e. 200-800 m; 24% is mountainous, i.e. over 800 m). Site natural erosion, however, is relatively limited . So we had to look for a hilly research universe, the Province of Enna was just right.
Part II – AARG SicilyIndependent trials - Conclusions
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
DIARIO DI VOLO AARG RICOGNIZIONE SITI ARCHEOLOGICI PROVINCIA ENNA
CODICE MISSIONE ENNA4
PILOTA ROBERTO PASCALE
PIATTAFORMA ULTRALEGGERO SAVANNAH 80 HP
FOTOGRAFO ALESSANDRO RUSSELL
FOTOCAMERA OLYMPUS E-500
OTTICHE 14-45 MM/40-
DATA 29 GENNAIO 2008
DURATA 10.00-14.00 (4 H)
CONDIZIONI METEO SERENO
VISIBILITA’ MOLTO BUONA ()
TEMPERATURA SUL LIVELLO DEL MARE
ITINERARIO DI VOLO CAMPOFELICE-NICOSIA-VILLAROSA-ENNA-PIAZZA ARMERINA-PIETRAPERZIA-PIAZZARMERINA-AIDONE-CALASCIBETTA-
DISTANZA PERCORSA 432,651
WAYPOINT NOME AREA SCATTINI9 MONTE ALTESINA 1-2VI4 ??? 3-6EN27 COZZO MATRICE 7-11EN2 COZZO STAGLIO 12-13EN15 MONTE IUCULIA 14-17EN24 MASSERIA GERACE 18-23
EN21 SERRA D’API 24-26PA11 MONTAGNA DI
MARZO27-38
PA13 MONTE MANGANELLO
39-44
PA12 VALLONE RUGGELLO 45PA4 MASSERIA BRAEMI 46-48PA5 MONTE NAVONE 49-53PI1 RUNZI 54-59PA6 MONTE POLINO 60PA3 MONTE ROBIATO 61-65PA10 VILLA DEL CASALE 66-74
PIAZZA MODERNA 75-80AI1 QUARTIERE
ELLENISTICO96
AI2 AGORA’ 88-95AI3 MONTE CITTADELLA 81-87AI4 MONTE BURNEA 100-104AI5 MONTE CRUNICI 97-99
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part II – AARG SicilyThe Enna Survey
Part III – AARG SicilyConstellations of high-res, high revisitation frquency, micro-satellites
Part III – AARG SicilyRetrieving WW2 material
Part III - National Mapping Programme English Heritage expenditure
Spese
Totale
1998
1997
1996
Year
€ 1,8 M (UK) >>>
5700
2225
1250
2225
Mapped area (sq km)
€ 0,8 M(Sicilia) >>>
55 (= € 1,6 M)
17,5
18,5
20
Staff
791,9
296
260
235.9
Air Hours
210
79
68
63
Sorties
6554
1952
2195
2407
Targets
€ 200.000
€ 71.000
€ 69.000
€ 60.000
Plane costs
In loving memory ofG.D.B. Jones
Dean of the School of Art History and ArchaeologyUniversity of Manchester
Con il quale una volta avevamo scommessosu chi sarebbe riuscito a rimanere
per più tempo coi piedi off the ground.
Come al solito, ha vinto lui.E adesso ci guarda dalla prospettiva che ama.
Alessandro Russell, B.A., D.Lett., M.A.RepresentativeAerial Archaeology Research GroupSicily Sub-Committeew http://aarg.univie.ac.atm [email protected] alerussellt +39 349 125 1825
Alessandro Russell, B.A., D.Lett., M.A.RepresentativeAerial Archaeology Research GroupSicily Sub-Committeew http://aarg.univie.ac.atm [email protected] alerussellt +39 349 125 1825
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