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What is Rum?• Rum is a distilled alcoholic beverage made from

sugarcane byproducts, such as molasses, by a process of fermentation and distillation.

• The majority of the production occurs in the Caribbean and Latin America.

• Rums are produced in various grades. (Light rums VS "golden" and "dark" rums)

• Cultural importance

HOW?

The process of making rum• Unlike some other spirits, rum has NO defined

production methods. Instead, rum production is based on traditional styles that vary between locations and distillers.

• There are 3 important routes:

• Fermentation• Distillation• Aging and blending

1st: Fermentation• A rum's quality is dependent on

the quality and variety of the sugar cane that was used to create it.

• The sugar cane's quality depends on the soil type and climate that it was grown in. Within the Caribbean, much of this molasses is from Brazil.

• A notable exception is the French-speaking islands, where sugarcane juice is the preferred base ingredient.

1st: Fermentation• Yeast and water are added to the base ingredient to start the

fermentation process. Most rum producers use specific strains of yeast to help provide a consistent taste and predictable fermentation time.

• Distillers who make lighter rums, such as Bacardi (rum in Cuba), prefer to use faster-working yeasts.

• Use of slower-working yeasts causes more esters to accumulate during fermentation, allowing for a fuller-tasting rum.

• Fermentation products like 2-ethyl-3-methyl butyric acid and esters like ethyl butanoate and ethyl hexanoate give rise to the sweet and fruitiness of rum.

2nd: Distillation• As with all other aspects of

rum production, no standard method is used for distillation. While some producers work in batches using pot stills, most rum production is done using column still distillation. Pot still output contains more congeners than the output from column stills, so produces fuller-tasting rums.

3rd: Aging and blending• Many countries require rum to be aged for at

least one year. This aging is commonly performed in used bourbon casks, but may also be performed in wooden casks or stainless steel tanks.

• The aging process determines the color of the rum. When aged in oak casks, it becomes dark; while being aged in stainless steel tanks,it remains virtually colorless.

• Due to the tropical climate, rum matures at a much higher rate than is typical for whisky or brandy.

• After aging, rum is normally blended to ensure a consistent flavor. Blending is the final step in the rum-making process.

• Light rums may be filtered to remove any color gained during aging. For darker rums, caramel may be added to adjust the color of the final product.

Rum consumed in American history

After rum's development in the Caribbean in the 17th century, the drink's popularity spread to Colonial North America. The first rum distillery in the British colonies of North America was set up in 1664 on present-day Staten Island. Boston, Massachusetts had a distillery three years later.

The manufacture of rum became early Colonial New England's largest and most prosperous industry. New England became a distilling center due to the technical, metalworking and cooperage skills and abundant lumber; the rum produced there was lighter, more like whiskey.

Rhode Island rum even joined gold as an accepted currency in Europe for a period of time.

Estimates of rum consumption in the American colonies before the American Revolutionary War had every man, woman, or child drinking an average of 3 imperial gallons of rum each year.

Rum consumed in American history

To support this demand for the molasses to produce rum, along with the increasing demand for sugar in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries, a labor source to work the sugar plantations in the Caribbean was needed.

A triangular trade was established between Africa, the Caribbean, and the colonies to help support this need. The exchange of slaves, molasses, and rum was quite profitable, and the disruption to the trade caused by the Sugar Act in 1764 may have even helped cause the American Revolution.

In the slave trade, rum was also used as a medium of exchange. For example, the slave Venture Smith, had been purchased in Africa for four gallons of rum plus a piece of calico.

The popularity of rum continued after the American Revolution, with George Washington insisting on a barrel of Barbados rum at his 1789 inauguration.

Rum in political system• Candidates attempted to

influence the outcome of an election through their generosity with rum. The people would attend the hustings to see which candidate appeared more generous.

• The candidate was expected to drink with the people to show he was independent and truly a republican.

Effects on human body• Positive• Prolongs Life

• Great For the Heart

• Fights Muscle Pain

• Prevents osteoporosis

• Help Keep Away Common Cold

• Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease

• Reduces Anxiety

• Prevent Cancer

• Negative• Diarrhea; nausea; stomach

discomfort; vomiting;

• Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue);

• chest pain; irregular heartbeat; listlessness; numbness or tingling in your skin, lips, hands, or feet; severe nausea or vomiting; unusual confusion or anxiety; unusual muscle weakness or paralysis; weak or heavy legs.

Rum Institutions

• The Rum University is the world's leading training institution for members of the rum industry. Courses are offered in the USA and in select foreign countries, Some courses are offered to the general public, others are for the industry only.

• Royal Naval Tot Club in English Harbour, Antigua

Rum in society today• Today, American rum is undergoing a resurgence, with distilleries focusing

on high-quality ingredients and traditional techniques.

• Many of these distilleries work in small batches using locally-sourced ingredients. Many are family-owned. Many painstakingly distill their spirits using a blend of traditional and modern techniques. All take pride in crafting the best rums available.

Rum & Tax/Profit• Rum falls under a federal excise tax of $13.25 per proof-gallon

• In 2008 the U.S. Virgin Islands subsidized rum producer Diageo’s move to the island. Totaling an estimated $2.7 billion over 30 years, the subsidies include: a new $165 million distillery, “market support payments” to keep prices low for molasses, 35 percent of what Diageo spends on advertising, a 90 percent income tax break, exemption from property taxes, environmental mitigation supports, and 47.5 percent of all tax revenue collected on Captain Morgan rum. By one estimate, Diageo’s net cost to produce rum is zero.

• A 1984 law capped the cover-over of the rum tax at $10.50 per proof-gallon, but since 1993 temporary tax extender legislation has removed this cap.

• In 2012, the U.S. Virgin Islands received $256 million and Puerto Rico received $376 million.

Affect overallHistory Today

positive Brought the profits for American government.NewEngland was the largest industry of rum.Rhode Island rum even joined gold as an accepted currency in Europe for a period of time.

There are some good effects on human body including preventing heartattack,prolong life and so on.Rum is also a drink that is good for party. There are different types of ru today.

negative Alcohol addicted.Estimates of rum consumption had an average of 3 imperial gallons of rum each year.

There are some negative effects including nausea and stomach discomfort.Alcohol addicted.

Sources/Bibliography• http://www.instructables.com/id/Making-Rum-From-Scratch/

• https://www.clawhammersupply.com/blogs/moonshine-still-blog/6973828-rum-recipe-how-to-make-rum

• http://foodtofitness.com/rum-health-benefits/

• http://ppcorn.com/us/2016/03/28/rum-top-8-unbelievable-health-benefits/

• https://www.drugs.com/sfx/rum-k-side-effects.html

• http://www.rumuniversity.com/

• https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g147244-d591476-Reviews-Royal_Naval_Tot_Club-English_Harbour_Saint_Paul_Parish_Antigua_Antigua_and_Barbuda.html

• https://taxfoundation.org/rum-taxes-and-perverse-incentives/

• https://www.forbes.com/sites/sethporges/2012/11/29/7-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-rum/#592051f25bbf

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