Page 18THE OPERATION OF THE PROCESS

What does this criterion mean:

This criteria is all about how Tourism Development occurs as a series of steps and an interaction of the elements

TD can be seen as a system. Draw a diagram to show this:

THE OPERATION OF THE PROCESS

INPUTS(elements)• Tourists• Attractio

ns• Facilities• Regulator

s

OUTPUTS• Spatial

patterns of TD

• Effects on people & place

PROCESSES (interactions

between elements)

FEEDBACK• Reinvestmen

t• attitudes

A process is a related sequence of events. Draw how a tourist centre develops fi lling the following information into the series of boxes on page 18.

1. An initial attraction is discovered2. Tourists begin to come to the area3. Facilities are developed4. More tourists arrive5. More facilities and Attractions6. Location is saturated with F,A,T

THE PROCESS

As the process is established it then fulfi ls a simple Demand Supply model such as:

FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND & SUPPLY

SUPPLY - DEMAND

DEMAND• Affordability• Popularity• Information

available• Accessibility

(perception)• Work

demands

SUPPLY• # & type of

attractions• # & type of

facilities• Actual

accessibility• Nature of

environment• Regulators

What happens if demand exceeds supply?Not enough to go around … so the price rises. In terms of accommodation this will mean the room occupancy will be high

What happens if supply exceeds demand?Too much off ered … so the price falls. In terms of accommodation this will mean the room occupancy will be low

What is therefore the best relationship between the 2?

Supply should meet the demand

SUPPLY AND DEMAND

Page 19

TEMPORAL VARIATIONS

Tourism development is often best seen as a series of events over time. The way it operates is shown below.

CATALYTIC DEVELOPMENT

START HERE!Initial

attraction

More visitors (word spreads)

Few visitors (tell others)

More facilities to cater for increase in numbers

More tourists due to better

facilitiesNew

attractions set up

More visitors

Mass attractions and facilities set up

Overcrowding, reaches saturation.

Starts to lose appeal. Numbers decrease

CATALYTIC DEVELOPMEN

T

Growth of any tourist centre does not occur gradually but as a series of distinct steps. If you were to graph visitor numbers you would see the following pattern.

BUTLER MODEL

Stage 1: Pre-`developmentStage 2: PioneerStage 3: MatureStage 4: Saturation

STAGE 1.• No Development ( up to 1860s )STAGE 2• .Pioneer Phase ( 1870 to 1920s )STAGE 3 - Maturity• Early Maturity ( 1930 to 1940s )• Mass Tourism ( 1950 to 1960s )• Specialisation – Niche Marketing( 1970s to

present)

HISTORY OF TOURISM IN ROTORUA PG 20

UP TO 1860’S.• Only inhabitants were the Te Arawa tribe.• .First European settlement was in 1835 when

Christian missionaries arrived• .Public recognition of Pink and white terraces in 1839

and thus tourism was born in the region.• 3- 4 day trek from Auckland made the journey less

desirable

PHASE ONE: EARLY (PRE) DEVELOPMENT

THE PINK TERRACE

THE WHITE TERRACE

1870’S TO 1920’S• Regular visitors from the UK began in 1870.• Bathing in the basins of the Pink and White Terraces.• Terraces recognised as 8th wonder of the world in

1870 *• Facilities set up eg Rotomahana hotel and road to

Tauranga• Rotorua township established in 1881 with hotels e.g.

Chevron. .By the 1880s the tourist numbers reached 1000 • Tarawera eruption in 1886 destroyed the P & W

terraces

THE PIONEER PHASE

• Whakarewarewa was established and local guides took visitors around the local area.

• Railway connection built in 1894 improves access• Government invested in region. Bath house built in

Tudor style as flagship early 1900’s• Rainbow trout introduced to Lake Rotorua

PIONEER PHASE CONTINUED

THE TARAWERA ERUPTION

1930’s to 1940’s• Large increase in numbers due to the arrival of cruise

ships• Development of cars and busses led to attractions

moving away from the centre eg Paradise Valley in 1939.

• War brings phase to abrupt end

THE EARLY MATURE PHASE

GEOTHERMAL AREAS

1950’s to 1970’s• The Age of the Package deal as the Boeing 707 was

introduced• NZ tourist and publicity board was established to

promote NZ overseas.• By 1962 there were 70,000 visitors to NZ.• The Grand Hotel was opened in 1958• The New Airport opened in 1964• Accommodation trebled in 1960’s.• Many tourist attractions upgraded to cope with

increase in tourists• Maori Arts and crafts Institute opened in 1963 to

promote Maori culture

MASS TOURISM PHASE

MASS TOURISM PHASE

1970’s to Present• By the 1970s Rotorua’s focus turned to tourism as

this was seen to be the main income earner• There was a big marketing initiative especially

towards the package tour industry from Asia.• Many govt owned operations were sold eg bath house• The Agrodome was set up in 1970• The late 70s saw the growth in the tour group as

larger aircraft were used.• Number of Hotels and motels grew along Fenton St

SPECIALISATION AND NICHE MARKETING

THE BLUE BATHS

• This was the age of specialisation to niche markets• NZ became a ‘New’ destination and thus became

desirable• Increase in Asian market = more interpreters• Increase in FITS = more backpackers and rental cars.

Allows move into periphery.• Many attractions began to diversify such as the

Agrodome to cater for the domestic, adventure tourist e.g. Bungy, Zorb and Swoop.

• Convention centre opened in 1995 to address the new business focus. This was followed by the Unison events centre in 2007

• In 2010, Rotorua became an International Airport with direct fl ights to Australia which also helped it grow.

NICHE MARKETING

THE AGROJET

• Continued focus of Government and Tourism Rotorua• Attitude of locals toward tourists.• Increased or improved accessibility to the region• Low cost fl ights to NZ• Cleanliness of the surrounding area• Continued innovation to avoid stagnation• Provision of a strategic plan setting out the zones

designated for tourist use

CONTINUED GROWTH DEPENDS ON…

TAMAKI MAORI VILLAGES

SKYLINE SKYRIDES

WHAT KICK STARTED EACH PHASE OF TOURISM?

Phase 1 ended when P and W terraces declared 8 th wonder of world. Phase 2 began with an increase in overseas visitors

Phase 2 ended with WW2 and Phase 3 began with an increase in transportation.

A MODEL TO SHOW THESE CHANGES PG 21

ORIGINGATEWAY

DESTINATION

Core Periphery

SINGLE ATTRACTION PHASE

UKAUCKLAND

ROTORUA REGION

Pink and White Terraces

Rotomahana hotel

2 month boat trip

3 day horse trek

PIONEER PHASE

UK

AUCKLAND

ROTORUA

Whakarewarewa

Chevron Hotel

Railway 8 hoursBoat trip

Australia

Bath house

EARLY MATURE PHASE

UK

AUCKLAND

ROTORUA

Whakarewarewa

Royal Geyserland Hotel

Boat

Australia

Museum

USA

Paradise Valley

Buried Village

Bus 4 hours

SPECIALISATION PHASE

UK

AUCKLAND

ROTORUA

Te Puia Rydges

Plane/ car

Australia

MuseumUSA

Paradise Valley

Buried Village

Plane

Japan

South Korea

Backpackers

Motel

Hotel

Attraction for domestic visitor

Attraction for international visitor

Agrodome