Results from MINOS and NOA - NuPHYS - London
Transcript of Results from MINOS and NOA - NuPHYS - London
Results from MINOS and NOνA
NuPHYS - London
Christopher Backhouse
California Institute of Technology
December 19, 2013
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 1 / 33
Introduction
◮ NuMI: produce neutrino beamstarting with 120GeV protonsfrom Fermilab Main Injector
◮ Main Injector NeutrinoOscillation Search
◮ NuMI Off-axis νe Appearance
◮ Both use two-detector techniqueto cancel systematic effects
◮ NOνA is off-axis for moresharply peaked flux
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 2 / 33
MINOS
MINOS detector technology
◮ Magnetized steel-scintillator trackingsampling calorimeters
◮ Alternate planes of scintillator and steel
◮ WLS fibres embedded in 4.1x1cm strips ofextruded polystyrene scintillator
◮ Read out by Hamamatsu multi-pixel PMTs
◮ ∼1T magnetic field for charge ID
REFLECTIVE SEAL
TiO2 LOADED POLYSTYRENE CAP
41mm
CLEAR POLYSTYRENE SCINTILLATOR
WLS FIBER
UP TO 8m
10mm
MINOS SCINTILLATOR STRIP
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 4 / 33
MINOS detector technology
Near Detector
◮ 1 kton
◮ 1km from target
◮ Running since 2005
Far Detector
◮ 5.4 kton
◮ 735km from target
◮ Running since 2003
REFLECTIVE SEAL
TiO2 LOADED POLYSTYRENE CAP
41mm
CLEAR POLYSTYRENE SCINTILLATOR
WLS FIBER
UP TO 8m
10mm
MINOS SCINTILLATOR STRIP
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 4 / 33
MINOS datasets
Date2005/05/02 2006/05/29 2007/06/26 2008/07/23 2009/08/20 2010/09/17 2011/10/15 2012/11/11 2013/12/09
Pro
tons
per
wee
k (E
18)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Total NuMI protons
Tot
al P
roto
ns (
E20
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
◮ 10.7 × 1020 POT in (LE) neutrino running◮ 3.36 × 1020 POT in antineutrino running◮ 37.9 kton years of FD atmospheric neutrinos◮ NOνA/MINOS+ running ongoing
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 5 / 33
Far Detector beam samples
Neutrinos
Energy (GeV)µν Reconstructed
Eve
nts
/ GeV
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
MINOS PRELIMINARY POT)20 10×Neutrino beam (10.71
µνcontained-vertex
MINOS dataBest fit oscillationsNo oscillationsNC background
Antineutrinos
Energy (GeV)µν Reconstructed E
vent
s / G
eV
0
20
40
60
80
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
MINOS PRELIMINARY POT)20 10×Antineutrino beam (3.36
µνcontained-vertex
MINOS dataBest fit oscillationsNo oscillationsNC background
◮ Three-flavour oscillations fit data well◮ 18% of pseudo-experiments have worse fit
CC νµ CC ν̄µPred 3201 363Obs 2579 312
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 6 / 33
Far Detector beam samples
Neutrinos
Energy (GeV)µν Reconstructed
Rat
io to
No
Osc
illat
ions
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
MINOS PRELIMINARY POT)20 10×Neutrino beam (10.71
µνcontained-vertex
MINOS dataBest fit oscillations
Antineutrinos
Energy (GeV)µν Reconstructed R
atio
to N
o O
scill
atio
ns
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
MINOS PRELIMINARY POT)20 10×Antineutrino beam (3.36
µνcontained-vertex
MINOS dataBest fit oscillations
◮ Three-flavour oscillations fit data well◮ 18% of pseudo-experiments have worse fit
CC νµ CC ν̄µPred 3201 363Obs 2579 312
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 6 / 33
Far Detector atmospheric samples
)zθcos(-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Eve
nts
0
10
20
30
40
50 = 1-3 GeVνEµν
MINOS PRELIMINARY
)zθcos(-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Eve
nts
0
10
20
30 Atmospheric neutrinosµν and µνcontained-vertex
= 3-10 GeVνEµν
)zθcos(-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Eve
nts
0
5
10
15
20 = 10-30 GeVνEµνMINOS data (37.88 kt-yr)Best fit, normal hierarchyBest fit, inverted hierarchyNo oscillationsCosmic-ray muons
)zθcos(-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Eve
nts
0
5
10
15
20
25 = 1-3 GeVνEµν
)zθcos(-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Eve
nts
0
5
10
15 = 3-10 GeVνEµν
)zθcos(-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
Eve
nts
0
2
4
6
8
10 = 10-30 GeVνEµν
◮ Additional sensitivity from atmospheric sample◮ Predict 1100 events, observe 905◮ Showing contained muon-selected events◮ Partially-contained and showering events also included
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 7 / 33
νe appearance
ν ν̄
θ13 = 0 69.1 10.5θ13 = 0.1 95.1 13.6
Obs. 88 12
◮ Combine with reactorconstraints
◮ Gives some sensitivity tohierarchy and octant
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 8 / 33
νe appearance
ν ν̄
θ13 = 0 69.1 10.5θ13 = 0.1 95.1 13.6
Obs. 88 12
◮ Combine with reactorconstraints
◮ Gives some sensitivity tohierarchy and octant
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 8 / 33
Combined contours
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8 MINOS PRELIMINARY appearanceeν disappearance + µν
-mode,µν POT 2010×-mode, 3.36 µν POT 2010×10.71 37.88 kt-yr atmospheric neutrinos
Normal hierarchy
23θ2sin0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
-2.8
-2.6
-2.4
-2.2Inverted hierarchy
68% C.L.90% C.L.
Best fit
)2eV
-3 (
102 32
m∆
log(
L)∆
-2
0
2
4
6
)2 eV-3| (10232m∆|
2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6
68% C.L.
90% C.L.
Profile of likelihood surfaceNormal hierarchyInverted hierarchy
23θ2sin0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
log(
L)∆
-2
0
2
4
6
68% C.L.
90% C.L.
Profile of likelihood surfaceNormal hierarchyInverted hierarchy
◮ Solar parameters fixed◮ θ13 nuisance parameter, constrained by reactor results◮ δCP, θ23, ∆m2
32 unconstrained◮ Major systematics included as nuisance parameters
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 9 / 33
Combined resultslo
g(L)
∆
-2
0
1
2
3
4
5
π / CPδ0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
68% C.L.
90% C.L.
/4π<23θ<0, 232m∆
/4π>23θ<0, 232m∆
/4π<23θ>0, 232m∆
/4π>23θ>0, 232m∆
MINOS PRELIMINARY appearanceeν disappearance + µν
-mode,µν POT 2010×-mode, 3.36 µν POT 2010×10.71 37.88 kt-yr atmospheric neutrinos
◮ Disfavour normalhierarchy, upper octantat 81% C.L.
◮ Maximal mixingdisfavoured at 79% C.L.
◮ Best measurement of|∆m2
32|
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 10 / 33
MINOS sterile neutrinos
◮ See no deficit of NC events◮ In fact a small excess
◮ Interpret in terms of oscillationsat ∆m2 ∼ 0.5eV2
◮ Expect flat deficit in FD, noeffect in ND
◮ sin2 2θµe < 7.1× 10−3 90% C.L.
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 11 / 33
MINOS+
◮ Continue to operate MINOSdetectors in the NOνA beam
◮ Flux reduced in the oscillationregion
◮ But large increase in stats at highenergy
◮ ∼ 4000 νµ CC / year expected
◮ Test oscillation paradigm, look forexotic signals
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 12 / 33
MINOS+
◮ First event observed in MINOS+ FD in the NOνA-era beam
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 13 / 33
MINOS+
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8 MINOS PRELIMINARY appearanceeν disappearance + µν
-mode,µν POT 2010×-mode, 3.36 µν POT 2010×10.71 37.88 kt-yr atmospheric neutrinos
Normal hierarchy
23θ2sin0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
-2.8
-2.6
-2.4
-2.2Inverted hierarchy
68% C.L.90% C.L.
Best fit
)2eV
-3 (
102 32
m∆
log(
L)∆
-2
0
2
4
6
)2 eV-3| (10232m∆|
2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6
68% C.L.
90% C.L.
Profile of likelihood surfaceNormal hierarchyInverted hierarchy
23θ2sin0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
log(
L)∆
-20
2
4
6
68% C.L.
90% C.L.
Profile of likelihood surfaceNormal hierarchyInverted hierarchy
◮ Continue to add stats to conventional analyses
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 14 / 33
MINOS+
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8 MINOS+ SIMULATION appearanceeν disappearance + µν: MINOS data
disappearanceµν: MINOS+ simulation)ν-mode, 27 kt-yr atmospheric µν POT 2010×(16
Normal hierarchy
23θ2sin0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
-2.8
-2.6
-2.4
-2.2Inverted hierarchy
68% C.L.90% C.L.
Best fit
)2eV
-3 (
102 32
m∆
log(
L)∆
-2
0
2
4
6
)2 eV-3| (10232m∆|
2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6
68% C.L.
90% C.L.
Profile of likelihood surfaceNormal hierarchyInverted hierarchy
23θ2sin0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
log(
L)∆
-20
2
4
6
68% C.L.
90% C.L.
Profile of likelihood surfaceNormal hierarchyInverted hierarchy
◮ Continue to add stats to conventional analyses
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 14 / 33
MINOS+
Extra dimensions Sterile oscillations
◮ Sterile analysis with joint fit to NC and CC spectra
◮ Lots of stats away from the main oscillation maximum
◮ Other signals of exotic physics possible in the high energy region too
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 15 / 33
NOνA
NOνA detector technology
◮ Fine-grained low-Z, highly active, tracking calorimeter
◮ 64% liquid scintillator by mass
◮ WLS fibres looped in 4x6cm cells of PVC extrusion
◮ Each to one of 32 pixels of Hamamatsu APD
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 17 / 33
NOνA detector technology
Far Detector
◮ 14 kton
◮ 344,000 channels
◮ 810km from target
Near Detector
◮ 0.3 kton
◮ 18,000 channels
◮ 1km from target
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 17 / 33
Far Detector construction status
◮ Block assembly and placement, scintillator filling, and electronicsinstallation proceeding in parallel
◮ Over 10,000 modules and 2 million gallons of scintillator so farC. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 18 / 33
Near Detector construction status
◮ Rapid progress on the Near Detector
◮ Installation of final block in the New Year
◮ Then filling and completion of electronics outfitting
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 19 / 33
Accelerator and NuMI upgrades
◮ NuMI being upgraded from350kW to 700kW
◮ Beam returned September 2013
◮ Convert Recycler to protonsfrom antiprotons
◮ Shorten Main Injector cycle2.2s→1.33s
◮ Overhaul of NuMI target station
◮ 7.2 × 1019 POT delivered so far
◮ Maximum power 500kW untilBooster RF upgrades completed
0
20
40
60
80
0 2 4 6 8 10Eν (GeV)
ν C
C e
ven
ts /
kt
/ 1E
21 P
OT
/ 0
.2 G
eV
Medium Energy Tune
on-axis7 mrad off-axis14 mrad off-axis21 mrad off-axis
μ
14mrad off-axis beam peaks sharply at 2GeV
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 20 / 33
NDOS beam peak
◮ NDOS is the Near Detector prototype on the surface at Fermilab
◮ Clearly see the NuMI beam peak
◮ Validates the timing synchronization
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 21 / 33
Event topologies
◮ Very good granularity, especially considering scale◮ X0 = 38cm (6 cell depths, 10 cell widths)
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 22 / 33
Far Detector data
NOvA - FNAL E929
Run: 11900 / 62Event: 263639 / CAL
UTC Mon Dec 9, 201305:53:50.922771008 sec)µt (
0 100 200 300 400 500
hits
110
210
q (ADC)10 210 310
hits
110
210310
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
x (c
m)
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
z (cm)0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
y (c
m)
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
◮ Commissioning Far Detector blocks as they are instrumented◮ Showing one 500µs cosmic ray spill (beam window is ∼ 10µs)
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 23 / 33
Far Detector data
NOvA - FNAL E929
Run: 11900 / 62Event: 263639 / CAL
UTC Mon Dec 9, 201305:53:50.922771008 sec)µt (
0 100 200 300 400 500
hits
110
210
q (ADC)10 210 310
hits
110
210310
0 500 1000 1500 2000
x (c
m)
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
z (cm)0 500 1000 1500 2000
y (c
m)
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
◮ Commissioning Far Detector blocks as they are instrumented◮ Showing one 500µs cosmic ray spill (beam window is ∼ 10µs)
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 23 / 33
Far Detector data
NOvA - FNAL E929
Run: 11900 / 62Event: 263639 / CAL
UTC Mon Dec 9, 201305:53:50.922771008 sec)µt (
0 100 200 300 400 500
hits
110
210
q (ADC)10 210 310
hits
110
210310
0 500 1000 1500 2000
x (c
m)
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
z (cm)0 500 1000 1500 2000
y (c
m)
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
◮ Commissioning Far Detector blocks as they are instrumented◮ Showing one 500µs cosmic ray spill (beam window is ∼ 10µs)
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 23 / 33
Far Detector data
NOvA - FNAL E929
Run: 11900 / 62Event: 263639 / CAL
UTC Mon Dec 9, 201305:53:50.922771008 sec)µt (
0 100 200 300 400 500
hits
110
210
q (ADC)10 210 310
hits
110
210310
0 500 1000 1500 2000
x (c
m)
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
z (cm)0 500 1000 1500 2000
y (c
m)
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
◮ Commissioning Far Detector blocks as they are instrumented◮ Showing one 500µs cosmic ray spill (beam window is ∼ 10µs)
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 23 / 33
Far Detector data
NOvA - FNAL E929
Run: 11900 / 62Event: 263639 / CAL
UTC Mon Dec 9, 201305:53:50.922771008 sec)µt (
0 100 200 300 400 500
hits
110
210
q (ADC)10 210 310
hits
110
210310
0 500 1000 1500 2000
x (c
m)
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
z (cm)0 500 1000 1500 2000
y (c
m)
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
◮ Commissioning Far Detector blocks as they are instrumented◮ Showing one 500µs cosmic ray spill (beam window is ∼ 10µs)
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 23 / 33
Far Detector data
Distance to Readout End of Cell (cm)0 500 1000 1500
Mea
n A
DC
/Pat
hlen
gth
0
20
40
60
A PreliminaryνNO
Far Detector Data
Simulation
Hit ADC100 200 300 400
Fre
quen
cy
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
A PreliminaryνNO
Far Detector Data
Simulation
◮ Fairly good data/MC agreement
◮ Currently searching for neutrino events to confirm beam timing
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 24 / 33
Far Detector data - containment variables
Minimum X-coordinate (cm)-500 0 500
Eve
nts
410
510
610
Far Detector Data
Cosmic Simulation
A PreliminaryνNO
Maximum X-coordinate (cm)-500 0 500
Eve
nts
310
410
510
610
Far Detector Data
Cosmic Simulation
A PreliminaryνNO
Minimum Y-coordinate (cm)-500 0 500
Eve
nts
210
310
410
510
610
Far Detector Data
Cosmic Simulation
A PreliminaryνNO
Maximum Y-coordinate (cm)-500 0 500
Eve
nts
10
210
310
410
510
610
Far Detector Data
Cosmic Simulation
A PreliminaryνNO
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 25 / 33
Far Detector data - direction variables
Y Direction Cosine-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Eve
nts
0
200
400
600
800
Far Detector Data
Cosmic Simulation
A PreliminaryνNO
NuMIθCosine
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
Eve
nts
0
100
200
300
400
500
Far Detector Data
Cosmic Simulation
A PreliminaryνNO
◮ Fairly good data/MC agreement
◮ Currently searching for neutrino events to confirm beam timing
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 26 / 33
NOνA sensitivities
◮ Assuming 18× 1020 POT neutrinos + 18× 1020 POT antineutrinos◮ 6× 1020/yr for 3+3 years
◮ Assuming sin2 2θ13 = 0.095, sin2 2θ23 = 0.95 or 1.0◮ ∆m2
32 = 2.35× 10−3eV2
Representative event counts for analyses:
νe selected ν ν̄
NC 19 10νµ CC 5 < 1
Beam νe 8 5
Tot bkg 32 15Signal 68 32
νµ selected ν ν̄
QE signal 82 49NC bkg < 1 < 1
non-QE signal 168 78NC bkg 14 6
Uncont. signal 233 134NC bkg 6 3
(0-5GeV visible energy)
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 27 / 33
Significance to resolve hierarchy
π / δ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
)σsi
gnifi
canc
e of
hie
rarc
hy r
esol
utio
n (
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
A hierarchy resolution, 3+3 yrνNO
=1.0023θ22=0.095, sin13θ22sin
<02m∆>02m∆
π / δ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
)σsi
gnifi
canc
e of
CP
vio
latio
n (
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
A CPV determination, 3+3 yrνNO
=1.0023θ22=0.095, sin13θ22sin
<02m∆>02m∆
)σSignificance of hierarchy resolution (0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
δF
ract
ion
of
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
A hierarchy resolution, 3+3 yrνNO
=1.0023θ22=0.095, sin13θ22sin
<02m∆>02m∆
)σSignificance of CP violation (0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
δF
ract
ion
of
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
A CPV determination, 3+3 yrνNO
=1.0023θ22=0.095, sin13θ22sin
<02m∆>02m∆
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 28 / 33
Significance to resolve hierarchy including T2K
π / δ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
)σsi
gnifi
canc
e of
hie
rarc
hy r
esol
utio
n (
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
A hierarchy resolution, 3+3 yrνNO
=1.0023θ22=0.095, sin13θ22sin POT2110×+ T2K at 5.5
<02m∆>02m∆
π / δ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
)σsi
gnifi
canc
e of
CP
vio
latio
n (
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
A CPV determination, 3+3 yrνNO
=1.0023θ22=0.095, sin13θ22sin POT2110×+ T2K at 5.5
<02m∆>02m∆
)σSignificance of hierarchy resolution (0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
δF
ract
ion
of
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
A hierarchy resolution, 3+3 yrνNO
=1.0023θ22=0.095, sin13θ22sin POT2110×+ T2K at 5.5
<02m∆>02m∆
)σSignificance of CP violation (0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
δF
ract
ion
of
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
A CPV determination, 3+3 yrνNO
=1.0023θ22=0.095, sin13θ22sin POT2110×+ T2K at 5.5
<02m∆>02m∆
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 28 / 33
νµ analysis
)θ(22sin0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
)2 e
V-3
| / (
102
m∆|
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0-310×
MINOS: 37.88 kt-y Atmospheric Modeµν POT 20 10× 10.71
3.36 Super-K zenith angle*Super-K L/E*T2K**
90% C.L.MINOS PRELIMINARY
Modeµν POT 20 10×
**PRD 85, 031103(R) (2012)*Neutrino 2012
◮ Current constraints on sin2 2θ23 & 0.9◮ Hints of non-maximal value from MINOS
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 29 / 33
νµ analysis
◮ Fit quasi-elastic, non-QE, and uncontained samples
◮ Percent level uncertainty on atmospheric parameters in 3+3 years
◮ Exclude maximal mixing at 90% in 1+1 years if sin2 2θ = 0.95
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 30 / 33
Octant sensitivity
π / δ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
)σsi
gnifi
canc
e of
oct
ant d
eter
min
atio
n (
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
A octant determination, 3+3 yrνNO
/4π<23θ=0.95, 23θ22=0.095, sin13θ22sin
<02m∆>02m∆
)σsignificance of octant determination (0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
δF
ract
ion
of
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
A octant determination, 3+3 yrνNO
/4π<23θ=0.95, 23θ22=0.095, sin13θ22sin
<02m∆>02m∆
◮ Combine appearance and disappearance analyses
◮ For lower octant to match MINOS best-fit
◮ Upper octant slightly better
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 31 / 33
∆χ2 scans
MINOS result NOνA sensitivity
log(
L)
∆ -
2
0
1
2
3
4
5
π / CPδ0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
68% C.L.
90% C.L.
/4π<23θ<0, 232m∆
/4π>23θ<0, 232m∆
/4π<23θ>0, 232m∆
/4π>23θ>0, 232m∆
MINOS PRELIMINARY appearanceeν disappearance + µν
-mode,µν POT 2010×-mode, 3.36 µν POT 2010×10.71 37.88 kt-yr atmospheric neutrinos
π / δ0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
2 χ∆
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
scans, 3+3 yr2χA νExample NO
/2π=δ/4, π<23θ<0, 2m∆=0.95, 23θ22=0.095, sin13θ22sin/4 π<
23θ<0, 2m∆
/4 π<23
θ>0, 2m∆
/4 π>23
θ<0, 2m∆
/4 π>23
θ>0, 2m∆
◮ Calculated For MINOS’s best-fit parameters (IH, lower octant, δ ∼ π2 )
◮ Reject parts of phase-space at high confidence
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 32 / 33
Conclusion
◮ MINOS has most precise measurement of |∆m232|
◮ And hints for hierarchy and octant
◮ Will continue taking data in the NOνA beam as MINOS+
◮ NOνA detector construction progressing well
◮ Analyzing FD data for neutrino candidates
◮ Good sensitivity for hierarchy and octant
◮ Exciting future for experiments in the NuMI beam
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 33 / 33
Backup
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 34 / 33
Neutrino oscillations – theory
|να〉 =∑
i
U⋆αi |νi〉
i = 1, 2, 3 α = e, µ, τ
◮ PMNS matrix. ∼CKM matrix
for neutrinos
Pαβ =
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
∑
i
U⋆αie
−im2iL/2E
Uβi
∣
∣
∣
∣
∣
2
U =
[
cos θ sin θ− sin θ cos θ
]
Pµµ = 1− sin2 2θ sin2( |∆m2|L
4E
)
2
atmm?
2
23sin2 ?
2
atmm?
2
23sin 2θ
ν2
ν1
ν3
mass2
∆m2atm
Normal Hierarchy
ν3
∆m2atm
ν2
ν1
Inverted Hierarchy
νe
νµ
ντ
∆m2
∆m2
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 35 / 33
Neutrino oscillations – 3 flavours
U =
1 0 00 c23 s23
0 −s23 c23
c13 0 s13e−iδ
0 1 0−s13e
iδ 0 c13
c12 s12 0−s12 c12 00 0 1
=
c12c13 s12s13 s13e−iδ
−s12c23 − c12s23s13eiδ c12c23 − s12s23s13e
iδ s23c13
s12s23 − c12c23s13eiδ −c12s23 − s12c23s13e
iδ c23c13
◮ “atmospheric”×”reactor”×”solar”
◮ Effect of δ changes sign under CP
◮ Need all three angles nonzero for δ effect
◮ δ has no effect on survival probabilities◮ Only transition (appearance) probabilities
◮ Is δ 6= 0◦, 180◦?
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 36 / 33
Neutrino oscillations – matter effects
◮ Apparent source of CP violation (Earth is made of matter)◮ CC interactions change effective mass of neutrinos◮ Effect depends on hierarchy
◮ Is the most-νe state the lightest, or one of the heaviest?
∆m2M =
√
(∆m2 cos 2θ ∓ 2√2EGFNe)2 + (∆m2 sin 2θ)2
tan 2θM =tan 2θ
1∓ 2√2EGFNe
∆m2 cos 2θ
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 37 / 33
The NuMI beam
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 38 / 33
The NuMI beam
◮ 120 GeV protons from the Main Injector
◮ Strike graphite target
◮ Produce hadrons. Primarily π± and K±
◮ Focused by two magnetic horns
◮ Allow us to select charge sign for aneutrino or antineutrino beam
◮ 675m decay-pipe: π+ → µ+ + νµ
◮ Muons absorbed by rockC. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 39 / 33
The NuMI beam – off-axis
0
20
40
60
80
0 2 4 6 8 10Eν (GeV)
ν C
C e
ven
ts /
kt
/ 1
E2
1 P
OT
/ 0
.2 G
eVMedium Energy Tune
on-axis7 mrad off-axis14 mrad off-axis21 mrad off-axis
μ
Eπ (GeV)
Eν (
GeV
)
θ = 0
θ = 7 mrad
θ = 14 mrad
θ = 21 mrad
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Flux ∼ 1
L2
(
1
1 + γ2θ2
)2
Eν =0.43Eπ
1 + γ2θ2
◮ Off-axis concept: neutrino energy ∼ independent of pion energy◮ → narrow-band beam, measure rate at oscillation max◮ Reduce NC feed-down from high energy tail
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 40 / 33
The NuMI beam – off-axis
10-2
10-1
1
10
102
0 1 2 3 4 5Eν (GeV)
Ev
ents
/ k
t/ 3
.7E
20P
OT
/ G
eV
neutral-current
νμ (no oscillation)
νμ (after oscillation)
beam νe
signal νe
Flux ∼ 1
L2
(
1
1 + γ2θ2
)2
Eν =0.43Eπ
1 + γ2θ2
◮ Off-axis concept: neutrino energy ∼ independent of pion energy◮ → narrow-band beam, measure rate at oscillation max◮ Reduce NC feed-down from high energy tail
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 40 / 33
θ13 results
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 41 / 33
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 42 / 33
NDOS beam peak
C. Backhouse (Caltech) MINOS & NOνA December 19, 2013 43 / 33