Respiratorio Rosario (1)
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Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro AlvaradoDecanato de Ciencias de la SaludSección Anatomía Microscópica
Dra. Rosario Suárez
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Aparato RespiratorioFUNCIONES:• CONDUCCION DEL AIRE
• OLFACION
• CALENTAMIENTO Y HUMIDIFICACION DEL AIRE
• PRODUCCION DE LA VOZ
• RESPIRACION
• ELIMINACION DE POLVO, VAPORES, BACTERIAS, ETC
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Sistema RespiratorioSistema Respiratorio
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Aparato RespiratorioDesde el punto de vista funcional:• Vías Conductoras
*Fosas Nasales *Traquea*Faringe * Bronquios*Laringe *Bronquiolos
• Vías Respiratorias propiamente dichas*Bronquiolos respiratorios*Conductos alveolares* Sacos alveolares*Alvéolos
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Cavidad Nasal
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FOSAS NASALES. FOSAS NASALES. FUNCIONESFUNCIONES
• RESPIRATORIA: – FLUYE LA CORRIENTE– CALENTAMIENTO Y HUMIDIFICACION– PURIFICA, RETENIENDO PARTICULAS
• PRODUCCION DE LA VOZ ( RESONANCIA)• ORGANO DEL OLFATO
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Nariz
• Cavidad Nasal* Vestíbulo: Epitelio plano estraficado queratinitado no cornificado. Vibrisas*Cavidad nasal propiamente dicha: Epitelio seudoestratificado cilíndrico ciliado con células caliciformes*Área sensorial olfativa: Epitelio cilíndrico seudoestratificado.
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Mucosa respiratoria
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Mucosa respiratoria.
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Acondicionamiento
• Filtración de partículas extrañas • Calentamiento• Humidificación
A través de:Vibrisas Vasos sanguíneos Células y glándulas secretoras.
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Mucosa Olfatoria
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Órgano del Olfato
Neuroepitelio: epitelio olfatorio• Ubicación: techo de la cavidad nasal • Tipo de epitelio: Cilíndrico seudoestratificado alto:
*Células de sostén*Células basales*Células olfatorias
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Mucosa Olfatoria
• Lámina propia*Tejido conectivo denso irregular*Rico plexo de capilares sanguíneos
subepiteliales*Profundamente hay un plexo de
venas y redes de capilares linfáticos*Glándulas olfatorias de Bowman:
tuboalveolares, ramificadas
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Mucosa Olfatoria
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Mucosa Olfatoria
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SENOS PARANASALESSENOS PARANASALES
GRUPO ANTERIOR ( MEATO MEDIO ):• CELDAS ETMOIDALES ANTERIORES, SENOS FRONTALES
Y MAXILARES.
GRUPO POSTERIOR ( MEATO SUPERIOR):• CELDAS ETMOIDALES POSTERIORES Y SENO
ESFENOIDAL.
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Senos Paranasales
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Senos Paranasales
• Senos Frontales• Senos Etmoidales• Senos Esfenoidales• Senos Maxilares
*Epitelio seudoestratificado cilíndrico ciliado con células caliciformes
*Lámina propia muy delgada que se une al periostio
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Faringe
• Segmento donde se fusionan y entrecruzan las vías respiratorias y digestivas
*Porciones:*Nasal*Bucal*Laringea
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Laringe
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Laringe
• Estructura alargada, de forma irregular.• Su pared: cartílagos hialino y elástico.
*Tejido conectivo*Músculo estriado esquelético
• Mucosa con glándulas*Epitelio seudoestratificado cilíndrico
ciliado con células caliciformes excepto en la cuerda vocal verdadera.
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Laringe
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Laringe: Cuerda vocal verdadera
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Tráquea
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Tráquea• Mucosa:
*Epitelio Respiratorio*Lámina Basal*Lámina Propia
* Tejido conectivo laxo con fibras elásticas células del tejido linforeticular
• Submucosa de tejido conectivo con glándulas mucosas y mixtas
• Cartílagos hialinos en forma de “C” unidos por tejido fibroelástico y tejido muscular liso
• Adventicia: tejido conectivo laxo
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Tráquea
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Tráquea
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Tráquea
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Tipos celulares del epitelio
• Ciliadas• Caliciformes• En cepillo• Intermedias• Basales• Endocrinas
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Pulmones
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Bronquios• Bronquios Principales• Bronquios Secundarios• Bronquios Segmentarios• Bronquiolos preterminales• Bronquiolos terminales• Bronquiolos respiratorios
• Conductos alveolares• Sacos Alveolares• Alvéolos
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Bronquios
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ESTRUCTURA HISTOLOGICA
• MUCOSA: EPITELIO RESPIRATORIO + CORION
• MUSCULO LISO
• SUBMUCOSA CON GLANDULAS MIXTAS
• CARTILAGO EN PLACAS
• ADVENTICIA.
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BRONQUIO INTRAPULMONAR
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BRONQUIOLOS
ESTRUCTURA HISTOLOGICA
• EPITELIO CILINDRICO: C CILIADAS Y DE CLARA
• CORION• CAPA MUSCULAR• ADVENTICIA
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Bronquiolos
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Bronquiolo preterminal
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Bronquiolo terminal
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Célula de Clara.
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Recordar las siguientes definiciones
• Lóbulo pulmonar• Segmento pulmonar• Lobulillo pulmonar• Acino pulmonar
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Bronquiolo respiratorio
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Conductos Alveolares
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Sacos Alveolares y Alvéolos
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Pared Alveolar
• Epitelio alveolar*neumocito tipo I*neumocito tipo II
• Lámina basal continua
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Neumocito ll
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Tabique o septo interalveolar
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Barrera hematogaseosa
Barrera alveolocapilar: • Surfactante pulmonar• Citoplasma del neumocito I• Membranas basales fusionadas • Citoplasma de la célula endotelial.
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Vasos Sanguíneos
• Irrigación:*Arterias pulmonares*Arterias elásticas, de gran calibre
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Vasos Linfáticos
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Pleura
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Pleura
• Serosa: - tejido conectivo laxo, gran cantidad de
capilares sanguíneos y vasos linfáticos y fibras nerviosas
- capa de células mesoteliales
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Función
• Oxigenación
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PROCESOS INFECCIOSOS
NEUMONIA TUBERCULOSIS
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CARCINOMA EPIDERMOIDE
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