Research on Mobility load balancing Based LTE Small Cell hybrid … · 2016. 7. 5. · Research on...

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学校编码:10384 分类号 密级 学号:23320111153137 UDC LTE Small Cell 混合组网中移动负载均衡 的研究 Research on Mobility load balancing Based LTE Small Cell hybrid network 李钰洁 指导教师姓名:黄联芬 教授 业 名 称:电子与通信工程 论文提交日期:2014 论文答辩时间:2014 学位授予日期:2014 答辩委员会主席: 人: 2014 年 4 月 厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

Transcript of Research on Mobility load balancing Based LTE Small Cell hybrid … · 2016. 7. 5. · Research on...

Page 1: Research on Mobility load balancing Based LTE Small Cell hybrid … · 2016. 7. 5. · Research on Mobility load balancing Based LTE Small Cell hybrid network 李钰洁 指导教师姓名:黄联芬

学校编码:10384 分类号 密级

学号:23320111153137 UDC

硕 士 学 位 论 文

LTE Small Cell 混合组网中移动负载均衡

的研究

Research on Mobility load balancing Based LTE Small Cell

hybrid network

李钰洁

指导教师姓名:黄联芬 教授

专 业 名 称:电子与通信工程

论文提交日期:2014 年 月

论文答辩时间:2014 年 月 学位授予日期:2014 年 月

答辩委员会主席:

评 阅 人:

2014 年 4 月

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Abstract

I

摘 要

近年来无线数据业务呈爆发式增长,且超过 50%的语音通话业务和 70%的

数据流量都在室内环境中发生,因此引入小型基站(Small Cell)以提高室内覆

盖和全网容量。在 LTE(Long Term Evolution,长期演进)中,由于室内用户产

生的数据量大且用户业务分布又不均匀,导致网络局部拥塞问题严重,3GPP 将

自组织网络(Self-Organizing Networks,SON)引入 LTE,减少配置和管理网络

的开销,解决网络局部容量拥塞问题。移动负载均衡(Mobility Load Balancing,

MLB)是 SON 的重要功能之一,应用 MLB 技术可及时有效地处理基站间业务

量的不均衡,达到改善 LTE 宏基站与 Small Cell 混合组网覆盖性能与容量优化,

对网络性能和用户体验等产生重要影响,具有重要的理论及实际应用价值。

本文以宏基站和 Small Cell 基站为关注对象,深入研究 MLB 算法及其优化。

首先在研究宏基站 MLB 算法的基础上,提出 Small Cell 与宏基站混合组网场景

下移动负载均衡算法架构,通过引入凸优化方法分析了移动负载均衡算法的凸优

化特性,并在此基础上提出了基于切换机制优化的移动负载均衡算法,通过优化

切换用户的选择、目标小区的选择和切换参数的调整来实现移动负载均衡。最后

搭建 LTE 系统级仿真平台,通过对轻重载小区吞吐量、全网吞吐量、RB 利用率、

负载小区变化情况及 QoS 等性能进行仿真,将本文提出的算法与传统移动负载

均衡算法和无移动负载均衡比较,结果表明:本文提出的算法能够在 LTE Small

Cell 混合组网情况下实现负载均衡以及覆盖与容量的优化,本算法不仅能够有效

地降低重载小区的负载,同时提高了 RB 利用率及整网性能。

未来进一步的工作将研究企业级 Small Cell 室内仿真场景中,适用于多个

Small Cell 的集中式调度优化方案,进一步优化室内环境的负载和网络性能。关

注移动负载均衡算法与其他 SON 算法的协同以及在 5G 技术中移动负载均衡技

术的应用。

关键词:切换机制优化;LTE Small Cell;移动负载均衡;凸优化

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Abstract

II

Abstract

In recent years, wireless data services are growing explosively. More than 50%

of the voice services and more than 70% data traffic are generated from the indoor

environment. Therefore, Small Cells are introduced to improve the coverage of indoor

environment and the capacity of the entire network. In LTE(Long Term Evolution),

The data amount requirement of indoor users is growing and the distribution of user

services is uneven. So the local congestion problem of network is serious. In order to

reduce the network configuration and management overhead, 3gpp introdouce SON

into both LTE Macro and Small Cells for solving the local congestion problem of

network. MLB is determined to be the important function of SON. MLB technology

process imbalance of base station business timely and efficiently, have a significant

impact on network performance, user experience, etc. So MLB has important

theoretical and practical value for studying the combined network coverage and

capacity optimization problem of LTE Macro Cell and Small Cell.

In this paper, MLB algorithms are in-depth studied and discussed seriously. The

main object is studied and optimized related algorithms in LTE Macro Cells and

Small Cells. First, we force on reached the algorithms of MLB in Macro Cells, and

then base on the Macro Cell MLB algorithms, this paper design algorithm frame work

in the hybrid network scenarios of Small Cells and Macro Cells. The convexity of

algorithm is verified by the method of Convex Optimization. Besides it, this paper

proposed a MLB algorithm base on Handover-optimization. The algorithm achieve

the balance of mobile load by the selection of users, the target cell and handover

parameters.

Finally, by building LTE system-level simulation platform and simulation MLB

algorithm which is proposed, analysis performance include severity of the cell

throughput, throughput of the whole network, RB utilization, load cell changes, QoS,

etc. In this paper, the the proposed optimization algorithm compared with

traditional-MLB algorithm and Non-MLB algorithm, The results show that the

proposed algorithm can achieve load balancing and optimization of coverage and

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Abstract

III

capacity in the hybrid network of LTE Small Cell, the algorithm can effectively

reduce the offload cells, while improving RB efficiency and overall network

performance.

The next work, the indoor environment of centralized scheduling optimization

scheme in Enterprise Small Cell is to be research, further optimize load and network

performance. Concerning collaborate with other SON algorithms and the applications

of MLB in 5G technology.

Key words: Handover Self-optimization; LTE Small Cell; MLB; Convex

optimization

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

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目 录

IV

目 录

摘 要 ........................................................................................... I

Abstract ......................................................................................... II

第 1 章 绪论 ........................................................................................... 1

1.1 研究背景 ......................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 LTE 家庭基站与 Small Cell ................................................................. 1

1.1.2 Small Cell 的发展及 SON ..................................................................... 3

1.2 国内外移动负载均衡技术研究现状 ............................................. 5

1.2.1 移动负载均衡专利分布 ........................................................................ 5

1.2.2 移动负载均衡国内外研究现状 ............................................................ 6

1.3 论文研究内容及组织结构 ............................................................. 7

第 2 章 Small Cell 及移动负载均衡技术 ................................................ 8

2.1 Small Cell 技术简介 ....................................................................... 8

2.1.1 Small Cell 技术特点 .............................................................................. 8

2.1.2 Small Cell 部署方案 ........................................................................... 12

2.2 LTE Small Cell SON 技术的发展 .............................................. 15

2.3 LTE Small Cell SON 存在问题 .................................................. 16

2.4 负载均衡(LB)技术简介 ............................................................... 17

2.5 移动负载均衡(MLB) ................................................................... 18

2.5.1 UE 测量与切换 ................................................................................... 21

2.5.2 负载报告 .............................................................................................. 22

2.5.3 参数的自适应调整 .............................................................................. 23

2.6 移动负载均衡技术发展与需求 ................................................... 25

2.7 本章小结 ....................................................................................... 26

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目 录

V

第 3 章 Small Cell 混合组网中移动负载均衡算法设计 ...................... 27

3.1 宏基站的移动负载均衡数学框架 ............................................... 27

3.1.1 负载值的计算 ...................................................................................... 28

3.1.2 切换用户选择 ...................................................................................... 29

3.1.3 目标切换小区预测 .............................................................................. 30

3.2 LTE Small Cell 混合组网的移动负载均衡数学框架 ............... 31

3.2.1 小区负载值计算 .................................................................................. 32

3.2.2 用户的选择 .......................................................................................... 33

3.2.3 切换小区的选择 .................................................................................. 34

3.2.4 切换算法 .............................................................................................. 34

3.2.5 性能分析 .............................................................................................. 35

3.3 移动负载均衡算法与 SON 算法的协同 ..................................... 37

3.3.1 凸优化算法基本思想 .......................................................................... 37

3.3.2 移动负载均衡凸优化分析 .................................................................. 38

3.4 基于切换机制的优化算法 ........................................................... 41

3.5 本章小结 ....................................................................................... 45

第 4 章 LTE Small Cell 混合组网 MLB 算法仿真平台设计 .............. 46

4.1 LTE 系统级仿真仿真平台简介 .................................................. 46

4.2 LTE 移动负载均衡仿真系统架构设计 ...................................... 47

4.3 LTE 移动负载均衡算法仿真系统功能模块设计 ...................... 48

4.3.1 网络部署 .............................................................................................. 48

4.3.2 信道模型 .............................................................................................. 49

4.3.3 用户模型 .............................................................................................. 50

4.3.4 链路测试性能 ...................................................................................... 52

4.3.5 仿真性能评估 ...................................................................................... 54

4.4 本章小结 ....................................................................................... 54

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目 录

VI

第 5 章 LTE Small Cell 混合组网 MLB 系统仿真结果分析 .............. 55

5.1 宏基站移动负载均衡算法仿真 ................................................... 55

5.1.1 仿真场景 .............................................................................................. 55

5.1.2 仿真参数 .............................................................................................. 55

5.2 LTE Small Cell 混合组网移动负载均衡算法仿真 ................... 56

5.2.1 仿真场景 .............................................................................................. 56

5.2.2 仿真参数 .............................................................................................. 57

5.3 仿真结果与分析 ........................................................................... 59

5.3.1 宏基站移动负载均衡算法 .................................................................. 59

5.3.2 LTE Small Cell 混合组网移动负载均衡算法 .................................... 61

5.4 本章小结 ....................................................................................... 66

第 6 章 总结与展望 ................................................................................. 67

6.1 总结 ............................................................................................... 67

6.2 展望 ............................................................................................... 68

参考文献 ......................................................................................... 69

攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文及参与的项目 ...................................... 73

致 谢 ......................................................................................... 74

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

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Contents

VII

Contents

Abstract(In Chinese) ................................................................................. I

Abstract(In English) ............................................................................... II

Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................ 1

1.1 Research Background ................................................................... 1

1.1.1 LTE Femtocells and Small Cell ................................................................ 1

1.1.2 Development of Small Cell and SON ....................................................... 3

1.2 Overview of Mobility Load Balancing Technology .................... 5

1.2.1 Patent Distribution of Mobility Load Balancing ...................................... 5

1.2.2 Literature of Mobility Load Balancing ..................................................... 6

1.3 Reseach Content and Dissertation Organization ....................... 7

Chapter 2 Small Cell and Mobile Load Balancing ................................ 8

2.1 Technology of Small Cell .............................................................. 8

2.2.1 Technology Features of Small Cell ........................................................... 8

2.2.3 Deployment Plans ................................................................................... 12

2.3 Development of LTE Small Cell SON ....................................... 15

2.4 Problems of LTE Small Cell SON .............................................. 16

2.5 Overview of Load Balancing (LB) ............................................. 17

2.6 Mobility Load Balancing(MLB) ................................................. 18

2.6.1 UE Measurement and Handover ............................................................. 21

2.6.2 Load Report ............................................................................................ 22

2.6.3 Adaptive Parameter ................................................................................. 23

2.7 Development and Demand of MLB Technology ...................... 25

2.8 Summary ...................................................................................... 26

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

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Contents

VIII

Chapter 3 Design Algorithm of MLB in Hybrid Network ................. 27

3.1 Mathematical Framework of MLB in Macro ........................... 27

3.1.1 Calculated Load Value ............................................................................ 28

3.1.2 Select UE for Handover .......................................................................... 29

3.1.3 Prediction the Target Handover Cell ...................................................... 30

3.2 Mathematical Framework of MLB in LTE Small Cell ........... 31

3.2.1 Calculated Load Value ............................................................................ 32

3.2.2 Select UE for Handover .......................................................................... 33

3.2.3 Select Harget Cell for Handover ............................................................. 34

3.2.4 Handover Algorithms .............................................................................. 34

3.2.5 Analysis of Performance ......................................................................... 35

3.3 Coordination Algorithm of MLB and SON .............................. 37

3.3.1 The Basic of Convex Optimization Algorithm ....................................... 37

3.3.2 Analysis of MLB Convex Optimization ................................................. 38

3.4 Based Handover Self-optimization MLB Algorithm ............... 41

3.5 Summary ...................................................................................... 45

Chapter 4 Design Simulation Platform for LTE Small Cell MLB .... 46

4.1 Introction of System Level Simulation Platform ...................... 46

4.2 Design of Simulation Platform for MLB ........................................ 47

4.3 Design of Module of Simulation Platform for LTE Small Cell

MLB .................................................................................................... 48

4.3.1 Network Layout ...................................................................................... 48

4.3.2 Channel Model ........................................................................................ 49

4.3.3 UE Model ................................................................................................ 50

4.3.4 Link Measurement and Pormance Model ............................................... 52

4.3.5 Simulation Performance Evaluation ....................................................... 54

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

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Contents

IX

4.4 Summary ...................................................................................... 54

Chapter 5 Simulation Results and Performance Analysis of

Simulation Platform for LTE Small Cell MLB ........................... 55

5.1 MLB Algorithm Simulation for Macro ..................................... 55

5.1.1 Simulation Scenarios .............................................................................. 55

5.1.2 Simulation Parameters ............................................................................ 55

5.2 MLB Algorithm Simulation for LTE Small Cell ...................... 56

5.2.1 Simulation Scenarios .............................................................................. 56

5.2.2 Simulation Parameters ............................................................................ 57

5.3 Simulation Results and Performance Analysis ......................... 59

5.3.1 Simulation Results of MLB in Macro ..................................................... 59

5.3.2 Simulation Results of MLB in LTE Small Cell ...................................... 61

5.4 Summary ...................................................................................... 66

Chapter 6 Conclusions and the Future Work ...................................... 67

6.1 Conclusions ................................................................................... 67

6.2 Future Work ................................................................................. 68

References ......................................................................................... 69

Research Work and Achievements During Master ............................. 73

Acknowledgements ................................................................................. 74 厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

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第 1 章 绪论

1

第1章 绪 论

1.1 研究背景

随着宽带无线通信技术的迅速发展、人们通信方式发生了改变,从最初语音

和短消息业务逐渐演变成宽带多媒体数据业务,并且数据业务占用户业务总量的

比例逐年增高。

LTE 技术的发展,对室外覆盖、容量性能有很大提高。但由于高载波频率有

较大的衰减损耗以及墙壁损耗,据[2][6]统计,在宏蜂窝的覆盖下,大量数据业务

发生在室内,有近 45%的家庭用户和 30%的企业用户的室内信号不理想。因此,

人们希望在室内环境中可部署短距离和低功耗的无线网络,用于改善室内覆盖,

小型基站(Small Cell)等引入,为室内用户提供了高效的服务质量。随着网络

结构的扁平化发展和 Small Cell 的加入,移动网络更加复杂化,运营商为了更好

地管理网络,提出了自组织网络(SON)的概念,使网络可实现自配置、自组织

以及自优化等。由于 Small Cell 是开放给用户的自配置设备,SON 管理方法尤其

重要,其 SON 技术要求较高,要求 CCO(Coverage and Capacity Optimization,

覆盖与容量自优化)能及时有效地实现 LTE Small Cell 混合组网中覆盖与容量自

优化。

LTE 宏蜂窝与 Small Cell 混合组网的复杂通信环境下,存在网络拥塞和负载

不均衡等问题。移动负载均衡作为 SON 的重要功能之一,处理基站间业务量的

不均衡,通过对过载基站业务的负载分流以及对闲置资源的借调,从而提高资源

利用率和用户业务服务质量,将超载基站的业务负载分流到轻载基站。

由于 LTE 宏蜂窝与 Small Cell 混合组网的网络复杂性,家庭基站、Small Cell

等小基站的兴起,宏基站移动负载均衡算法已不适合目前的网络,负载的变化复

杂,使得研究 LTE 与 Small cell 混合组网的移动负载均衡算法迫在眉睫

1.1.1 LTE 家庭基站与 Small Cell

1、LTE 家庭基站概述

家庭基站(Femtocell)具有低成本、低功耗、覆盖面积小、可控性好、智

能化、即插即用等特点。它通过 DSL(Digital Subscriber Line,数字用户线)来

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

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LTE Small Cell 混合组网移动负载均衡算法的研究

2

与核心网相连,家庭基站部署场景如图 1-1 所示[1]。

图 1-1 家庭基站室内环境部署图

家庭基站网络结构如图 1-2 所示,E-UTRAN(Evolved Universal Terrestrial

Radio Access Network,演进的通用陆地无线接入网)提供面向 UE 的用户面和控

制面服务。核心网(EPC)划分为 MME(Mobile Managenment Entity,移动管理

实体)和 S-GW(Servering-Gateway,服务网关)。eNB 之间通过 X2 接口交互信息,

eNB 通过 S1-MME 接口与 MME 相连,通过 Sl-U 接口与 S-GW 相连。Sl 接口支

持多对多的 MME/S-GW 与 eNB 间的连接[3]。

图 1-2 家庭基站网络结构

2、Small Cell 概述

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Degree papers are in the “Xiamen University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Database”. Fulltexts are available in the following ways: 1. If your library is a CALIS member libraries, please log on http://etd.calis.edu.cn/ and submitrequests online, or consult the interlibrary loan department in your library. 2. For users of non-CALIS member libraries, please mail to [email protected] for delivery details.

厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库