Rescue kpa [compatibility mode]
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Transcript of Rescue kpa [compatibility mode]
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PROGRAM OBUKE RONIOCA P2*Standardi i uslovi za obuku ronilaca – UZOR
KPA “BEOGRAD”
SPAŠAVANJE I PRVA POMOĆ
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POSTUPCI SPASAVANJA I PRVA POMOĆ
• Definisanje pojmova
• Procena situacije i izbor postupka
• Tehnike spasavanja i pružanja prve pomoći (tegljenje,
izvlačenje, veštačko disanje, masaža srca, transport, nega)
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DEFINISANJE POJMOVA
Incidentom u ronjenju smatraju se događaji koji su ugrozili sigurnost i zdravlje
ronilaca ili gubitak vitalnih delova opreme.
Udesom u ronjenju smatra se događaj koji je izazvao gubitak života ili trajnu
invalidnost ronioca.
Utapanje označava prodor tečnosti u disajne puteve i asfiksiju usled prisustva
tečnosti.
Gušenje je poremećaj disanja, zbog neprohodnosti disajnih puteva, zbog
zaostalog stranog tela u disajnim putevima ili usled nesreće. U ronjenju
gušenje može nastati usled aspiriranja sadržine povraćanja, dela pregriženog
usnika hidrostatskog regulatora, žvaka, plomba, komad zuba, kamenčić u
drugom stepenu hidrostatskog regulatora i sl.
Davljenje označava naglu hipoksiju koja nastaje kao posledica pritiska na vrat
(zatvaranje disajnih puteva ili pritisak na karotidne arterije).
Spasavanje: Aktivnosti kojima su ronioci u obavezi da sprovode ličnu i
međusobnu uzajamnu zaštitu, pruže pomoć i spreče incidentna i udesna
stanja, na osnovu lične svesti, savesti, a u skladu sa svojim mogućnostima i
sposobnostima.
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Prva pomoć predstavlja skup mera i postupaka kojima se spasava
život i sprečava dalje pogoršanje zdravlja povređenih i obolelih osoba.
Primenjuje se na licu mesta ili na bezbednom odstojanju od mesta
nastanka povrede ili bolesti. Osnovni zadatak prve pomoći je očuvanje
života ljudi, odnosno da se unesrećena lica u što boljem stanju i u što
kraćem vremenskom periodu transportuju do odgovarajuće medicinske
ustanove (po mogućstvu i najbliže).
Osnovni ciljevi prve pomoći su: otklanjanje uzroka koji ugrožavaju život
povređenih i obolelih osoba, vraćanje unesrećenih lica u život, njihovo
zbrinjavanje, obezbeđivanje optimalnog transporta itd.
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POSTUPCI I TEHNIKE SPAŠAVANJA
Spašavanje unesrećenog ronioca može se podeliti u tri osnovne faze:
1. pod vodom,
2. na vodi,
3. nakon izlaska na obalu ili čamac ( brod )
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Spašavanje pod vodom:SCENARIO: Uspaničen ronilac, umoran-zadihan ronilac , pijanstvo dubina
a) Ostvariti čvrst kontakt;
b) Ostvariti komunikaciju ako je moguće ( znak OK , i znak polako )
Osigurati pravilan, uspravan i malo zabačen položaj glave ronioca (otvoreni
dišni putevi) održavati naš položaj neznatno iznad njega
c) Kontrolisat brzinu izrona
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DRUGA FAZA: na površini:a) Odmah dozvati pomoć sa obale ili čamca ( broda)
b) Uspostaviti pozitivnu plovnost Napumpati BCD i/ili osloboditi se suvišne
opreme
c) Proveriti stanje unesrećenog;
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PRVA FAZA: Spašavanje pod vodom:SCENARIO: Ronilac ne reaguje a podražaj
a) Prići unesrećenom iza leđa i ostvariti čvrst kontakt;
osigurati pravilan, uspravan i malo zabačen položaj glave ronioca (otvoreni
dišni putevi)
održavati naš položaj neznatno iznad njega (lakše ga je pridržavati)
b) Unesrećenom stalno pridržavati regulator i masku;
sprečavamo njegovo utapanje i osiguravamo disanje
c) Održavati kontrolu izrona; pomoću kompenzatora plovnosti unesrećenog
prema potrebi odbaciti njegov pojas sa utezima
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Unesrećenom stalno pridržavati regulator i masku
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Prilikom izrona unesrećenom stalno pridržavati regulator i masku ,
osigurati malo zabačen položaj glave ronioca ( slobodne dišne puteve )
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Prilikom izrona unesrećenom stalno pridržavati regulator i masku ,
osigurati malo zabačen položaj glave ronioca ( slobodne dišne puteve )
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OSIGURATI POZITIVNU PLOVNOST (osloboditi se suvišne opreme
Po potrebi odbaciti njegov pojas sa utezima, napumpati BCD
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OSIGURATI POZITIVNU PLOVNOST (osloboditi se suvišne opreme
Po potrebi odbaciti njegov pojas sa utezima, napumpati BCD
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DRUGA FAZA: Spašavanje na površini:Odmah dozvati pomoć sa obale ili čamca ( broda)
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DRUGA FAZA: Spašavanje na površini:
PROVERITI DA LI UNESREĆENI DIŠE
- po mogućnosti odmah započeti veštačko disanje
- Korišćenje regulatora kao alterenative veštačkog disanja
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Tehnike spasavanja i pružanja prve pomoćiTegljenje
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Tehnike spasavanja i pružanja prve pomoćiTegljenje
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Tehnike spasavanja i pružanja prve pomoći Tegljenje
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Tehnike spasavanja i pružanja prve pomoćiIzvlačenje na čamac
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Tehnike spasavanja i pružanja prve pomoćiIzvlačenje na čamac
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Izvlačenje
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Tehnike spasavanja i pružanja prve pomoći
Izvlačenje na čamac/obalu
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Tehnike spasavanja i pružanja prve pomoći
Izvlačenje na obalu
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Tehnike spasavanja i pružanja prve pomoćiIzvlačenje na obalu
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Tehnike spasavanja i pružanja prve pomoćiIzvlačenje na obalu
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Tehnike spasavanja i pružanja prve pomoćiIzvlačenje
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Tehnike spasavanja i pružanja prve pomoćiIzvlačenje na obalu
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Tehnike spasavanja i pružanja prve pomoćiIzvlačenje
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TREĆA FAZA: Spašavanje na obali ili čamcu - brodu:
BLS (engl: Basic Life Support) ili
osnovno održavanje životnih funkcija
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VEŠTAČKO DISANJE I MASAŽA SRCA
Osnovno održavanje životnih funkcija obuhvata kontrolu prohodnosti disajnih puteva i funkcije disanja i cirkulacije, tzv. ABC :
Airway - disajni put;
prohodan disajni put omogućava da vazduh (kiseonik) nesmetano dospe do pluća.
Breating – disanje
disanje omogućava da kiseonik, kao komponenta vazduha, preko plućnih alveola dospe u krvotok, a ugljen dioksid iz krvi u spoljašnju sredinu.
Circulation - cirkulacija;
normalna i stalna cirkulacija omogućava da srce pumpa krv obogaćenu kiseonikom, kroz krvne sudove po celom tijelu i na taj način omogućava da kiseonik i hranjive materije dospeju do svih ćelija eliminišući ugljen dioksid i štetne materije.
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A. Otvorite dišni put
(zabaciti glavu podići bradu )
Slušati, osetiti dah (5 - 10 sekundi).
B. Dati 2 udaha
(ne zaboravite da zatvorite prstima nos )
C. Započnite CPR 30 kompresija
Dati 2 udaha 30 kompresija
100 pritisaka u minuti
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JEDAN SPASILAC
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DVA SPASIOCA
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Pri ronilačkom udesu, trenutna prva pomoć na mestu ronjenja,osnova je za brzi oporavak bez posledica
• Efikasnost hiperbaričnog lečenja i rehabilitacije zavisi od pravovremenog pružanja
prve pomoći
• Medicinsko osoblje obično nije dostupno na mestu ronjenja: svaki ronilac bi treba
da bude osposobljen da prepozna ronilački udes i pruži pravovremenu,
odgovarajuću prvu pomoć
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Ako unesrećeni diše i reaguje na podražaj- postavite ga u ležeći položaj na leđa ili bok
Ako unesrećeni diše i ne reaguje na podražaj- postavite ga u ležeći položaj na bok
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