Renaissance I - 13/1 (Cause and Features of …...Features of Renaissance 1. Art Renaissance...

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Renaissance I - 13/1 (Cause and Features of Renaissance)

Transcript of Renaissance I - 13/1 (Cause and Features of …...Features of Renaissance 1. Art Renaissance...

Page 1: Renaissance I - 13/1 (Cause and Features of …...Features of Renaissance 1. Art Renaissance Paintings All drawn from Leonardo Da Vinci (達文西) Painting Painting Name Mona Lisa

Renaissance I - 13/1 (Cause and Features of Renaissance)

Page 2: Renaissance I - 13/1 (Cause and Features of …...Features of Renaissance 1. Art Renaissance Paintings All drawn from Leonardo Da Vinci (達文西) Painting Painting Name Mona Lisa

13/1/2018 (Sat) Notes - Humanities - Renaissance I

RENAISSANCE (文藝復興)

1. In Wordings (Literal Definition) - “Rebirth” (重生)

Rebirth what? - Great interest in classical learning and value (During the ancient

greek and ancient rome - Greco-roman Culture)

2. Time Period - 14th Century to 17th Century - A period in European (Western)

History where there is a great and fantastic development in different aspects

Concept - Humanism (人道主義)

Humanism - Humans were placed in the center/middle of the universe

➢ Center of the universe - All human thinkings locate in the center (Most

important)

➢ Human Needs, values and talents > Religion and superstitions

➢ Renaissance - People thinkings are being respected, less superstitions

➢ Started in renaissance - people disbelieve the church due to their malpractices

(弊端) and “fakeness”

➢ Renaissance - Rise of universities - Keep books of Greco-roman culture where

➢ Start to discuss more human affairs and secular(世俗) matters

➢ Emphasize on inquiring mind

Impact properties:

1. People became more interested in human affairs and secular (non-religious matters)

2. People began to value the use of reason, instead of blindly following the church

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Timeline@Post-classical and Modern History

Causes of Renaissance

Black Death

Black death disease break out ->

People trust the church that their sin is

not enough so the pray more with loyalty

-> However, the black death still break

out -> people questioned the church the

faith and challenge whether it is really the

problem of loyalty -> People start to think

more on the truth -> People trust science

-> Find evidence to prove something ->

Renaissance

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Decline of Church

Church is corrupted (Selling indulgence)

-> Indulgence is useless in healing the

black death -> People doubt on the

honesty of the church and its teachings

Impacts of the Crusaders

People died in Crusades-> did not

understand why they need to fight with

Muslims-> they didn’t join Crusades but

received no punishment-> people

questioned the church

Decline of Feudalism

Noble and knight fighting with king to

seek more power-> lords refuse to pay

tax to king-> king did not give any

pressure-> feudal System cannot sustain

Spread of Eastern Knowledge Crusaders brought Arabic knowledge to

Europe-> Arabs studied Greco-Roman

classics and have advanced knowledge

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of math, science, medicine and

astronomy. Crusaders also bring back

fine art and painting-> sold them and be

rich.

Rise of towns and middle classes

Crusaders bought back their freedom->

freeman-> settled in Towns and became

traders-> trade centre such as Venice

and Genoa were well developed-> earn

money by selling artwork to east

Europe-> those people spent more time

on supporting art, science, architecture.

They also explored the world due to

curiosity.

Rise of universities

Universities were set up at 12th century->

kept large collection of books about

Greco-Roman ideas-> not controlled by

church-> more people educated-> inquiry

minds developed-> used scientific

knowledge to solve problems->

humanism

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Features of Renaissance

1. Art

Renaissance Paintings

All drawn from Leonardo Da Vinci (達文西)

Painting

Painting Name

Mona Lisa (c.1503) The Vitruvian Man (c.1487)

The Last Supper (1495-1498)

All drawn from Michelangelo (米開朗基羅)

Painting Painting Name

The Creation of Adam (c. 1511-1512)

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Sistine Chapel Ceiling (Book of Genesis) (c.1508-1512)

By Raphael

The School of Athens (c. 1509-1510)

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Sculpture

Sculpture sculpted by Michelangelo

Painting

Painting Name

The Pieta (1496) The Moses (1505)

2. Science

a. Astronomy

By Copernicus - Revolutions of the Heavenly Orbs (Concept on Solar System)

Medieval Age:

The Earth is located in the center of the

solar system. (Wrong Concept)

(Geocentrism - 地心說)

Renaissance:

The Earth is not located in the center of the

solar system. Instead, the sun is located in

the center of the solar system.

(Heliocentrism - 日心說, by Copernicus)

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b. Machine

Machines invented by Galileo (伽利略)

Geometrical and Military Compass First Astronomical Telescope

Knowing the direction of the geography A telescope observing the astronomy and space

Machines invented by Leonardo Da Vinci

Aerial Screw Flying Machine Armored Car

Some sort of flying things Some sort of airplane Some sort of militarial car

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3. Mathematics

a. Golden Ratio

The Golden Ratio

Name Value Significance

Phi 1.618 Define “Standard of Beauty” Everything in this ratio has the most comfortable and beautiful looking. This is beauty

Golden Ratio and Golden Sprawl

Beautiful! Awesome!

As the golden ratio is set, this defines the standard of beauty because this ratio product

makes people comfortable. Therefore, many objects and architectures are designed

base on this golden ratio.

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4. Literature

Literature Piece Literature Information and Description

The Decameron (By Boccaccio) The book is structured as a frame story containing 100 tales told by a group of seven young women and three young men sheltering in a secluded villa just outside Florence to escape the Black Death, which was afflicting the city. Boccaccio probably conceived of The Decameron after the epidemic of 1348, and completed it by 1353.

The Divine Comedy (By Dante) This shows the difference between rich and the poor, shows the society of capitalism where social class appears. The society has divided and their may be social division so this is divine comedy.

5. Architecture

3 properties of Renaissance Architecture:

1. Simplicity 2. Proportion (Golden ratio, shaped) 3. Balance (Symmetry and axis)

4 classical elements of Renaissance Architecture

1. Columns 2. Domes 3. Arches 4. Symmetry

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(Greco-roman Culture Style)

Columns/Orders

Dome

Arches

Symmetry

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6. Geography@Voyages of Discovery

Christopher Columbus (哥倫布) discovered the Land of America

The scale of the map is more accurate (Adjusting the more accurate size of the arctic

and antarctica)

(Mercator 1569 World Map)

Voyages of Discovery - 15th century to 16th century