Reconstruction of solar magnetic field since 1700 onwards
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Transcript of Reconstruction of solar magnetic field since 1700 onwards
2010-12-16 (2)工作汇报 1
Reconstruction of solar magnetic field since 1700 onwards
姜 杰
工作汇报( 2)
In collaboration with Robert Cameron, Dieter Schmitt and Manfred Schuessler
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Initial condition
e-folding time of approximately 4000 years
Complements of Talk 1
Free parameter
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The way to deal with radial diffusion
Complements of Talk 1
1
( ) ( ) llm lma t a t e
2 2 10[ ]
l r lR k Decay time:
mlP
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Modeling cys. 15-21
Towards 300 yrs recon. –
Old result
Royal Greenwich Observatory (1874 -- 1976)USAF/NOAA (1976 onwards) Sunspot Data
Locations and areas of sunspots groups:
Tilt angles of sunspots groups:
Mount Wilson (1917 -- 1985) Kodaikanal (1906 -- 1987)
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Cycle variation of sunspot group tilts
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Modeling cys. 15-21: results
simulation
aa-index (Lockwood)
* Makarov et al. (2003)
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Modeling cys. 15-21: results
极区磁场和前一活动周的强度没有相关性,
而和其下一活动周的强度有很好的相关性
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About open flux
l = 1; m = 0 l = 1; m = 1
Axial dipole field Equatorial dipole field
~
Low order modes
Open fluxaxi. dip. (solar mini.)
equ. dip. (solar maxi.)
Lati. sep.
Long. sep.
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How can we go back further ?
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Sunspot number datasets
Characteristics of sunspot group emergence
Sunspot number
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Statistical properties of sunspot group emergence (latitude, longitude, area and tilt angle) as functions of the cycle strength and of time during the solar cycle defined by sunspot number.
Datasets (1874 — 1976, cy. 12-20) : Sunspot groups (RGO) sunspot number (RG)
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Latitude distribution
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Mean lati. vs. cycle strength
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A comparison of the mean lati. for cycles 12--20
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Width of the lati. distribution
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Longitude distribution
Eq. dipole (moment) of a sunspot group ( ) in direction in N. Hem.
Eq. dipole of all the SGs from both Hem. emerging between times t and
The magnitude of the observed sunspot dipole (moment)
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Longitude distribution
The difference betweenreflects the amount of nesting
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Area distribution
Area distribution function
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Cycle phase dependence of area distribution
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Tilt angle distribution
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Number of sunspot groups as a function of time
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Reconstruction of butterfly diagram (1)
Obs.
Sim.
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Reconstruction of butterfly diagram (2)
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Reconstruction of butterfly diagram (3)
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Flow chart
lati., area & tilt angle random longitudes (lowest eq. DM)
lati., area & tilt angle 2 active longitudes (highest eq. DM)
SFT (20
runs)solar surface field (1)
solar surface field (2)
SFT (20 runs)
Polar field (1)=(2)
20 runs average
CSSS extrapolation Zhao & Hoeksema (1995)
CSSS extrapolation Zhao & Hoeksema (1995)
source surface field source surface field
Open field 20 runs average
c% 1- c%
Input: sunspot number dataset
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Calibration of the parameter of active long.
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The case without radial diffusion
CJSS10
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The case with weak radial diffusion
Less reliable sunspot number
rms diff. 14% 20%
Polar field vs. solar cycle becomes weak
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Reconstruction
during 1700--2010
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Reconstruction
during 1700--2010
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Correlation between SN and polar field strength
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Relation between SN and total surface flux
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Relation between SN and open flux
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Comparison of open flux with other reconstructions
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Lost cycle?
Usoskin et al. (2009)
Cy.4: 1784.7 — 1798.3
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Results including the ‘lost cycle’
Against the ‘lost cycle’
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Focus on last 3 cycles(without radial diffusion)
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Possible cause of the weak polar field in cycle 23
40% decrease of sunspot number
28% decrease of the sunspot group tilt angle
55% increase of meridional flow
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Jiang et al., 2010, ApJ, 709, 301
Open flux & field strength near Earth
The disagreement during the minima: strong radial diffusion (100km2s-1) tilt angle
Maxima: amplitude; phase difference
Improved method
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Parameter
dependence