Recent progress on the development of a 10PW laser system ... · In Romania, Magurele, the ELI...
Transcript of Recent progress on the development of a 10PW laser system ... · In Romania, Magurele, the ELI...
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浅谈超强激光光源及其应用
光耀中华 创新圆梦 2015年国际光年报告会
李儒新
中科院上海光机所
2015年1月11日
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《自然》新十年第一期专文预测
2020年重要科学领域的趋势及挑战(2010年1月7日出版)
① 产生纳米尺度光束应用于显微和存储
② 基于激光的超精密钟用于测量宇宙基本常数
③ 激光聚变产生取之不尽的无碳能源
④ 阿秒脉冲探测电子运动和化学反应
⑤ 台式化高能电子、质子加速器
到2020年激光领域可能取得五大突破
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激光领域2020年五大梦想
• 产生纳米尺度光束应用于显微和存储
• 基于激光的超精密钟用于测量宇宙基本常数
• 激光聚变产生取之不尽的无碳能源
• 阿秒脉冲探测电子运动和化学反应
• 台式化高能电子、质子加速器
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夸克时代
等离子体时代
原子时代
正负电子对时代
电弱相互作用时代
1Pev
1Tev
1Mev
1ev
电子特征能量
最大光强已达2×1022W/cm2
宇宙中 -爆对应的光强1020W/cm2 *
年 份
高峰值功率激光的发展历程与新领域的开拓
OPN July(2011) Science 331, 41 (2011)
超强超短激光:
峰值功率> 1TW(1012W)
脉冲宽度<100 fs (10-15s )
* NewScientist April 9, 2008
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SCIENCE 301, 154( 2003)
全世界激光实验室展开拍瓦级激光竞赛激光实验室为拍瓦展开竞赛
这项工作将影响每一项研究,从聚变到天体物理
5
Petawatt (拍瓦, 1015瓦)
相当于在<10-13秒的瞬间有超过世界电网平均功率100倍的瞬时功率
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New life into hopes for laser fusion
Biomedical advances
High field laser
science
Leads to Nobel Prizes
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1.5 PW[6]
1.26 PW[5]
0.5PW×2[3]
1.16 PW[4]
0.56 PW[7]
0.89PW[2]0.85 PW[1]
国际PW激光系统研制总结(截止2013年)
1PW= 1015 W
First PW laser (glass laser)
1.5PW, OL 24, 160(1999)
1PW[8]
1.1PW[9]
1PW[10]
1PW[12]
0.2 PW[11]
[1] Opt. Lett. 28, 1594 (2003)
[2] Opt. Express 15, 15335 (2007)
[3] Opt. Express 16, 8039 (2008)
[4] Opt. Lett. 36, 3194 (2011)
[5] APLS2012, I2.9 (2012), Laser
Phy. Lett.10 (2013)
[6] Opt. Express 20, 10807 (2012)
[7] Opt. Lett. 37, 1913 (2012)
[8] IOP,112, 032006 (2008)
[9] Appl. Opt. 49, 1676 (2010)
[10] OPN 16(7) 30 (2005)
[11] IOP,112,032021(2008)
[12] SPIE 8780,878003 (2013)
[13] Opt. Express 21, 29231(2013)
■ SIOM(China) [2, 5,13]
■ APRI(Korea) [6]
● IOP(China) [4]
▼ JAERI(Japan) [1]
▲ THALE (France) [7]
▼ FLEX(Japan) [8]
★ RAL (UK) [3]
Texas (US) [9]
◆ Omega EP (US) [10]
LULI2000(France) [11]
Vulcan(UK) [12]
[1-7] and [13]: fs, PW laser at 800 nm
[8-12]: ps, PW laser at 1053nm
2.0 PW[13]
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ELI-Beamlines FacilityIn the Czech Republic, Prague, the ELI pillar will focus on providing ultra-short energetic particle (10 GeV) and radiation (up to few MeV) beams produced from compact laser plasma accelerators to users.www.eli-beams.eu
In Romania, Magurele, the ELI pillar will focus on laser-based nuclear physics. For this purpose, an intense gamma-ray source is forseen by coupling a high-energy particle accelerator to a high-power laser.www.eli-np.ro
ELI-Nuclear Physics Facility
In Hungary, Szeged, the ELI pillar will be dedicated to extremely fast dynamics by taking snap-shots in the attosecond scale(a billionth of a billionth of second) of the electron dynamics in atoms, molecules, plasmas and solids. It will also pursue research in ultrahigh intensity laser. www.eli-hu.hu
ELI-Attosecond Facility
Extreme Light Infrastructure Project (850M Euro)
• €356.2 million
• €236 million
Approved May 2014
Nature 489, 351, Sept. 20, 2012
2 10PW, 2017
10Hz, 10PW, 2017
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Schematic layout of Shanghai Super Intense Laser Source (SSILS)
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第五章多学科研究平台
第三节 极端条件实验平台
中国至2050年重大科技基础设施发展路线图
主要科学目标
激光加速:面向100GeV
真空结构研究:面向Schwinger场
阿秒科学:1-10keV相干X射线
光核物理:利用光子研究原子核
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激光领域2020年五大梦想
• 产生纳米尺度光束应用于显微和存储
• 基于激光的超精密钟用于测量宇宙基本常数
• 激光聚变产生取之不尽的无碳能源
• 阿秒脉冲探测电子运动和化学反应
• 台式化高能电子、质子加速器
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SCIENCE 324, 326-330(2009)
激光聚变
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美国LLNL采用高足脉冲方案,部分解决了流体力学不稳定性问题,2013年9月底取得重大突破,中子产额达到5.1×1015
特别是首次观测到粒子加热对聚变产额提升的显著作用并首次在聚变燃料区域实现聚变增益大于1的里程碑式进展
[Nature 506, 343(2014)]
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激光领域2020年五大梦想
• 产生纳米尺度光束应用于显微和存储
• 基于激光的超精密钟用于测量宇宙基本常数
• 激光聚变产生取之不尽的无碳能源
• 阿秒脉冲探测电子运动和化学反应
• 台式化高能电子、质子加速器
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Nature, 431, 538 ( 2004)
Nature, 431, 541( 2004)
Nature, 431, 535 ( 2004)
First mono-energetic electron beam generation
( 0.1GeV@2004) ∆E/E ~ 10%
∆E/E ~ 6% ∆E/E ~ 3%
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W. P. Leemans et al., Nature Physics, 2, 696(2006)
Laser: a 0 ~ 1.46 (40 TW, 37 fs)
Capillary: D = 312 µm; L = 33 mm
Plasma density ~2.71018cm-3
1 GeV beam, energy spread 2.5 %
First GeV mono-energetic electron beams(LBNL+Oxford @2006)
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国际首次通过两级级联的激光加速获得GeV级准单能电子束[Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 035001 (2011)]
我们在国际上率先发表了级联激光电子加速的实验突破,著名的美国两大国家实验室(即 LLNL和LBNL )随后也相继报道了类似实验结果,但仅获得0.5GeV的电子束。
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驱动激光
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LINAC COHERENT LIGHT SOURCE
Downsize kilometer-range X-ray FEL to a table-top scale
700 m
Smaller size and lower cost : km 10 m
Shorter pulse:100 fs 10 fs
Stable seeding effect : synchronizationbetween e beams and seeded HH
Synchronization between fs laser and X-FEL:satisfy the ultra fast pump-probe study
Features of table-top X-FEL
10 m ?
K. Nakajima, Nature Phys. 4, 9293 (2008).
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Lase
r Cancer
Proton
+
Courtesy of K. Nakajima
Laser Proton Knife (激光质子刀)
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When an electron is
injected in the ion cavity, it
is submitted not only to
the accelerating force, but
also to a restoring
transverse force, resulting
in its wiggling around the
propagation axis. Because
of this motion, the electron
radiates x-rays.
Laser driven betatron radiation
1. High peak spectral brightness
2. Ultrashort duration
3. Very small source size
4. fs synchronization in pump-probe experiments
1 × 1023 photons s-1
mm-2 mrad-2 per 0.1%
bandwidth at 10 keV.
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Single shot phase contrast imaging of biological samples
Fourmaux, S., et al.,
2011, Opt. Lett. 36,
2426.
Kneip, S., et al., 2011,
Appl. Phys. Lett. 99,
093701.
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All-optical Compton gamma-ray sourcewith a 10,000-fold increase in brightness over Compton X-ray
sources based on conventional accelerators, as a result of the
micrometre-scale source size and the femtosecond duration.
The total
number of X-ray
photons is estimated to
be 1 × 108.
The peak
brightness
1 × 1021 photons s-1
mm-2 mrad-2 per 0.1%
bandwidth at 100 keV.
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Opt. Lett. 37, 1214 (2012); Opt. Express 21,9255(2013);
Phys. Rev. E 88, 062803 (2013); Appl. Phys. B 110,375(2013)
发现高重复频率飞秒激光对湿冷空气的持续加热和电离,形成高速向上运
动的暖湿气流加剧粒子间的碰撞,并产生强对流和旋风,导致较大尺寸冰晶产生并诱导降雪。
首次发现飞秒激光成丝诱导湿冷空气凝结降雪现象
激光照射2小时,降雪2g
1 cm
飞秒激光成丝-等离子体通道 飞秒激光诱导降雪
不同条件下降雪的雪花形状
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强场隧穿电离诱导的远程空气激光
钛宝石激光器
透镜
爆炸物污染物
挥发物
空气激光
• 强飞秒激光脉冲聚焦到空气中,可以电离空气分子形成超快粒子数反转,进而产生以飞秒光丝为增益通道的、高亮度、可远程操控的空气激光。
• 基于空气激光的远程遥感技术相对于传统的荧光技术而言具有更高的灵敏度,因此在大气中微量污染物、爆炸物的远程测量,全球变暖、臭氧层耗尽的实时监控以及生物污染、核泄漏
的预警等方面具有重要的应用价值。
光谱产生原理
2013年,发现空气激光可揭示空气中氮分子的量子转动波包信息 [Phys.
Rev. X 3, 041009 (2013)]。该成果迅速被 Nature Photonics
杂 志 作 为 研 究 亮 点(Research Highlights)报道[Nature Photonics 8, 3(2014)]。
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Thank you for your attention !
Better laser, better life!