,

. .

. .

2012

2

811.111255255.4 81.2-7

P31 . . ( 10 28.09.2012 .) : . . , , ; . . , , ; . . , , , . : . . , , , . . . .

. . P31 : [] / . . . . :

. . , 2012. 376 . ISBN 978-966-623-907-8

, . - , , . , . , .

, , , , .

. . , 2012

ISBN 978-966-623-907-8 . ., 2012 , .., 2012

3

. 6

.. 7

1. -

..

12

1.1. : vs

1.2. ..

12

21

1.2.1. ..

1.2.2. ()...

1.2.3. ..

1.2.4. ...

21

25

29

32

1.3. 37

1.3.1.

1.3.2. .

1.3.3. ..

1.3.4. .

37

47

55

60

1.4. modus operandi.... 70

1.4.1. ..

1.4.2. ....

70

78

1.5. . 87

102

2.

..

108

2.1. .... 108

2.1.1.

2.1.2.

..

108

118

2.2.

..

127

2.2.1. /

.

128

4

2.2.2. .

2.2.3. ..

134

142

2.3. . 147

2.3.1. .... 147

2.3.1.1. ,

.

2.3.1.2. , -

.

2.3.1.3. ,

( )....

150

155

160

2.3.2. ..

2.3.3. ..

2.3.4.

2.3.5.

2.3.6. - ....

2.3.7. ..

163

168

176

185

198

206

214

3.

..

219

3.1. :

3.2.

....

3.3. :

3.4. ,

..

219

227

237

245

3.4.1.

.

3.4.2.

.

3.4.3.

....

246

250

266

5

3.4.4.

...

277

3.5. : . . .

Smith of Wootton Major....

3.6.

283

306

3.6.1.

3.6.2. . The

Star-Child

307

314

337

4.

..

342

4.1. ..

4.2. : -

..

4.3. /

(

)...

342

363

390

4.3.1.

4.3.2. ..

4.3.3.

4.3.4. ...

390

398

405

424

426

.. 431

440

.. 490

492

6

-

-1

-2

IPDR Integrated Problem and Decision Reporting

TAP Think-Aloud Protocol

7

Although creativity is, so to speak, an icon of our time, its study is a problematic area of psychology in general and translation-related psychology in particular. It is impossible to compress creativity into a few theoretical statements which serve as the key for unlocking all its secrets and for building up a set of distinctive features which, taken together, suffice to conceive of a formula for creativity on which to build creative translator performance. (W. Willss, Translator Awareness)

,

, , ,

, , , , ,

. ,

,

,

. , -

. , ,

,

-

.

,

(., , [ 2001; 1980; 2010;

1964; 1991; 2009; 2011; 1989;

2006; 1994; 1968; 2004;

1999 (,); 1972; 2011; 1976; 1973;

2000; 1974; 1985; 2011; 2007; 2008;

2005; 1980; 2008; 1980; 2008;

2012; 2006; 2005; 2006; 1998;

1995; 2005(); 2007; 1983; 2009; 2006;

2007; 1968; 2009; 1970; Boase-Beier

2007; Cho 2006; Cronin 1995; Jones 2007; Knittlova 2000; Loffredo 2007; Niska

1998; Pattison 2007; Zawawi 2008 .]). ,

8

, ,

,

,

- .

-

, .

, .

,

(., , [ 2003; 2009;

2006; 2005; 2005; 2011 .]).

,

. ,

[ 2002: 13].

,

.

,

.

,

,

,

[ 2004] ( . .).

9

,

,

.

-

,

, , , .

[ 1999],

,

[ 1999: 36].

,

,

,

, , , , .

, , ,

,

,

, ()

[ 2008; 1991; 2008; 2011].

, .

,

.

.

.

,

10

.

,

,

,

[ 1999: 35].

,

( . .),

, ,

, [ : 36].

,

,

-, -

// .

.

,

,

, [].

, , ,

.

, ,

.

,

. ,

;

;

11

-

;

modus opersndi;

;

;

;

;

;

;

;

/

.

,

, ,

.

. -,

,

. -

,

, -

,

(., , [Beckett 2003; Bernal-Merino 2010; Epstein

2010; Fernandes 2006; Fornalczyk 2007; Frimmelov 2010; Inggs 2003; Kibbee 2003;

Lathey 2003; Mazi-Leskovar 2003; Mdallel 2003; Metcalf 2003; Nord 2003; Oittinen

2003; OSullivan 2003, 2011; Shavit 1981, 1988; Stolze 2003; Thomson-Wohlgemuth

2003; Wyler 2003 .]). ,

, [

12

2009, 2010, 2011, 2010; 2007;

2010; 2010, 2011 .].

, ,

, ,

,

, -

, . , . , . , . ,

. , . , . , . , . , . ,

. . .

. , . ,

. , . , . , . , . , . ,

. , . , . , . , . ,

. , . , . , . , . ,

. , . . , . , . , . ,

. , . , . , . , . ,

. . , . , . , . , . ,

. . , , ,

,

- ,

, . . ,

, [ 1910: 7].

, ,

,

,

, .

,

,

,

.

13

,

: ,

, ,

,

;

. .

, ;

, ;

, , .

14

1

-

1.1. : vs

, ,

, , :

, , , ?

, : , creatio

,

, , ,

. ,

,

,

, .

,

,

. ,

, ,

.

. , 11-

, 1970 1980 ,

,

, : 1. ,

; 2. ,

15

, ; 3.

( 1 ), ( 1 ) [ 1979, . 10, . 54].

,

,

.

,

/

.

,

.

, , ,

, ,

,

, , [ 2007:

500].

, creativity Britannica Concise

Encyclopedia bility to produce something new through imaginative skill,

whether a new solution to a problem, a new method or device, or a new artistic object

or form [BCE].

creativity ( -

creativeness): 1. quality of being creative; 2. ability to create

[FMWD]. ,

creativity

, -

creative activity, creative thinking [ ].

16

, .

,

: : 1. ,

. // ,

, , , . 2. ,

, . 3.

( 1 ), ( 1 ) [ 2005: 1435];

[ : 583].

, : -,

( 1 )

( ) ; -

,

(1979),

.

,

.

-

: ,

,

( , , -,

). , ,

( ) [].

(. reatio ) ,

,

.

17

,

(creativity, creative) [ ].

, . ,

,

. ,

,

,

, ,

.

, ,

.

- .net

, :

: 1. ,

, ,

- . // ,

. // ,

, , , . 2. ,

, . 3.

( 1 .), ( 1 .) [http://www.slovnyk.net].

: 1. , . 2.

, ,

[Slovnyk.net].

, -, ,

,

. -,

,

18

.

,

,

.

?

: ( . creatura )

,

, [ 2005: 225226].

, . ,

[ : 520].

, ,

(., , [ 2007; 2006;

2006; 2008; 2007; 2006]).

, ,

. . [ 2009: 156162].

,

, - .

,

[ : 157],

,

[ 2006: 57].

( ) ,

, , ,

, ,

[ : 3].

19

,

. . : : (1) ,

, ,

(),

(); (2) , [

2002: 13]. ,

/, ,

.

,

. , . .

,

, , .

,

. ,

,

: ,

, ,

.

, , ,

. ,

, , . , ,

, ,

, [

2009]. ,

:

, .

,

, ,

20

.

, , , .

,

, ,

, , ,

, [ www]. ,

. ,

.

,

.

, ,

,

,

, [ 2005: 30].

, , ,

,

[ ].

(

) ( ).

,

,

, , , ,

.

e - ,

, ,

. ,

- : ,

90- ,

21

,

,

( , ),

- , ,

, .

,

. ,

. .

,

[ 1990: 248].

. .

(

, ,

. .):

[ 2003: 131132].

Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies [RETS 2001]

. . ,

, creativity

.

,

.

1.2.

1.2.1.

, ; ,

22

.

,

, , ,

, (

/) ,

, , ,

, . ,

, ,

, , ,

.

, .

.

. ,

, ,

, , -

. , -

, - , , ,

[ 2007: 638].

, ,

,

,

, , ,

, ;

, [ 2011:

164].

. ,

23

(), ( )

(

) [ 1978: 1819].

,

,

[ 2011: 164]. . . ,

, ,

[ 2006 (): 25].

, -,

, -,

, , , -, .

, . .

,

,

[ 2010: 9].

. . ,

- -

[ ].

- ,

,

,

[ 2003: 142].

,

. ,

( )

, .

,

24

, ,

, , ,

,

,

[ 2007: 7].

,

,

,

,

() ().

,

, .

,

, ( ) ,

,

[ 2005: 18]. ,

, , , -

, , , ,

, [ 2011: 167]. ,

,

,

.

,

25

,

.

, , , ,

, ,

. ,

,

- .

, -

,

,

/(),

.

.

1.2.2. ()

,

, .

,

,

, , ,

, [ www].

.

, / .

(

)

, , , , ,

26

, ,

,

, , ,

,

( , ,

) , ,

,

[ 2007: 8].

,

, . .

, [ 2005:46]. ,

, , .

, ,

,

, -,

,

. ,

(

, ) ,

().

,

,

,

(., , [ 2010; 1989;

2010; 1997; 2006; 2005; 2001;

1989; 1987]).

,

27

,

[ 2010: 142].

( . . ).

, , . . ,

, ,

- -,

- [ www].

-

[ ],

,

/

[ www]. -

,

[ ],

.

,

-,

,

.

, .

,

, , ;

,

[ 1973: 531].

/ ,

, ,

, , , .

, (, , ,

, ), /

28

-,

,

-

[ 2007: 486].

,

, ,

.

, :

?, ?,

?, ? .

-

:

;

/ ;

() .

, .

.

.

,

[ 2002: 45]. , ,

, .

,

.

[ : 48].

- , -

, ,

, . ,

, ,

, , ,

[ ]. ,

29

,

, . ,

() .

1.2.3.

. . ,

, ,

, , ,

[ www]. . .

,

: ,

;

,

,

,

, [

2007: 153].

,

: , ,

, -, , -,

, . ,

, -

, .

,

,

, ,

.

,

30

, , [

2008: 167]. , ,

,

. , ,

,

( !),

.

,

. ,

, ,

, ,

[ www].

.

.

,

,

[ ].

- ()

,

, ,

, [ 2005: 142]. -

,

, ,

,

, .

, -

,

, .

31

,

[ www].

.

/ ,

, /,

,

.

,

.

, .

[ 2008: 170].

,

. , ,

, , ,

,

,

, .

. ,

-

-, . . :

.

XVIII XIX .,

,

.

.

32

, [ 2011:

8990].

,

. : ?.

. - ,

, , ,

, ,

, ,

[ 2007: 298].

. . ,

: ,

, .

, , .

, ,

, , - ,

, . .,

! ,

. , ,

, , , -,

,

[ 1975: 79].

,

.

1.2.4.

. ,

( ),

33

( ). ()

,

, ,

[ 1985: 14]. ,

,

.

, ,

,

, .

,

, [

2003].

: , ,

, ,

( ),

.

, . , , ,

,

,

[Lefevere 1992: 38].

. . . , , ,

, ,

, ,

, .

, ,

, [ 2006 ():

34

30]. (otherness)

,

()

. , , ,

[ 2010: 1213].

, ,

*, . . ,

-

, , :

, ,

, ,

, ,

[ 2007: 4].

, , ,

.

,

.

,

. , ,

,

.

- , ,

. ,

.

* .

35

, :

, ,

. -, ,

, -

, ()

,

[ 2007: 498].

, ,

. , . . -,

,

, ,

( ),

[-

2008: 68]. , ,

,

, , , ,

- : ,

,

[ www]. ,

, ,

, ,

,

[ 2011, . 2003].

- ,

, , ,

, ,

, ,

, [ www]. ,

36

,

.

. . , ,

, , , ,

, ,

[ 2008: 173]. ,

,

, , - .

. . ,

,

, ,

[ 1979(): 49].

/ ,

:

. , . ,

, . : , .

. ,

[ : 294]. , . .

, ,

.

. . , ,

,

, , , ,

( ),

(, , )

, , ,

[ 1991].

37

, ,

[ 2008: 175]. ,

,

.

, ,

.

1.3.

()

, ,

()

/ .

,

.

1.3.1.

. ,

,

[ 2008: 92; . 1995].

, ,

, .

,

,

[ 1999:

19]. , ,

38

: ,

,

[ 2008; Torrance 1964].

- ,

.

. ,

: .

,

, [ 1965].

,

, ,

, ,

,

, ,

, [ 2005:

298].

[ 2004: 60]. . ,

/, ,

. ,

,

, :

, ,

[ 2005: 271].

.-.

.

:

, , ,

39

, , ,

, , . ,

, , -

, , , ,

.

, ,

, , ,

[ 1991: 59].

, . . ,

.

()

,

.

[ 2001: 38],

-, , ,

, ,

.

, ,

,

.

,

, The Craft of Translation

. . , ,

,

, ,

40

[Biguenet 1989: ].

.

, , ,

,

, : (1)

; (2) ;

(3) ; (4)

; (5)

, ; (6) ,

[ 1965].

,

,

- . ,

, .

,

, ,

,

[ 2004: 58].

,

-

. ,

, ,

.

:

,

, ( . .).

41

[ 1999(): 19]. ,

, ,

, ,

,

,

[ : 1920]. ,

,

, , -

, , ,

: ,

[ : 20].

, , ,

,

(

),

. -,

, , ,

; -, ,

, ,

,

. . , , ; -,

, (

) ( ,

) .

,

,

, ,

, ,

, . ,

42

, ,

,

, [ 2001: 42].

.

, ,

, ,

, .

:

, . ,

(

. .) [ : 43].

,

,

,

,

: (translation as rewriting

), (translation as refraction

), (translation as afterlife )

()/ () (translators

visibility/invisibility ()/ ()

).

. / [Lefevere 2000]

,

,

, ,

, ; ,

,

, ,

43

[Loffredo 2006: 9]. .

,

() ,

, , -

, : ,

,

.

, , ,

, ,

[Lefevere 1992: VII].

. .

, ,

,

( , ),

( ,

) / ,

,

( / ) [Loffredo 2006: 3].

, ,

/ .

.

, , ,

, ,

, ,

[Benjamin 2000: 17].

. ,

44

, ,

.

,

[ 1989]

,

,

. . /

[Venuti 2004].

,

,

,

, ,

,

,

.

, . . :

, , ,

. ,

,

, ,

, ,

.

, .

,

[ 1973: 192].

, , ,

-

() , ,

45

- .

, ,

, ,

-, ,

.

,

, , -

,

[ 2002: 252], -

, , ,

[ 2002: 206].

,

, .

: ,

, -,

, ,

, , [ 1965: 131].

,

[ 2002: 79] / [ 2009: 76],

, ,

.

, ,

. . ,

, . :

, , , ,

,

, , , , , ,

46

, ( . .),

- : , , ,

, .

, , .

, , .

, ,

( . .),

( . .) [ 1983: 165166].

:

,

, ,

.

, ,

, . ,

. ,

, :

, ,

[ : 176177].

. . , ,

: , ,

, .

. .

. ,

?

,

, , , , ,

, , ,

, ,

, , , .

47

, .

[

1973: 189190].

, :

, ,

? ,

, , ,

. , ,

, ,

, , [

2009: 118119].

. . ,

,

[ : 119].

, ,

.

1.3.2. .

,

, .

. . , , - ,

, ,

( . .), ,

[ 2003: 478]. ,

-

, -

, , [

]. ,

48

. .

, , , , ,

.

.

, , , , ,

,

,

.

.

[ 1978: 38]

( ), (

) . ,

, ,

. ,

, . .

[ 1978, 2001],

.

:

,

-;

, ,

, ; , ,

, ,

, ;

49

, /

( ), / ( ); ,

- ;

(

), ,

; , -

,

;

,

;

,

, ;

,

;

,

; , ,

[ 2001: 12134].

, ,

. , ,

( . .)

( . .) [ 2009: 12],

,

,

. .

(),

50

,

, ,

[ www].

,

,

( ) [ 2009].

,

- , .

.

, .

,

[ 1985: 11].

. ,

[ 1985: 70].

, , , ,

- [ : 71].

,

: ,

51

,

[ 1985: 11].

, ,

( ).

,

( . .)

[ : 11].

,

, , ,

.

( ) ,

.

.

, ()

. -

,

- ,

, ,

( , ) [

1991]. , ,

, , - ,

- ,

, , - .

,

,

52

, ,

,

[ ].

(

)

, ,

. . . ,

,

, , ,

[ 1979: 249].

(),

, ,

;

, , ; -

,

, ,

, ,

[ : 246].

.

. ,

, ,

[ 2010: 210].

. ,

,

: , ,

, - .

, ,

[ ].

53

. ,

. :

[] , ,

, ,

,

[ 2012: 6].

,

,

,

, ,

. , ,

, ,

, .

(Model Reader M-reader) . ,

. , ,

(foreseen) , ,

, [Eco

1984: 7]. ,

: () ; ()

; () .

, ,

: ,

, , ,

[ :

206].

, ,

, , ,

,

54

,

[ 2009: 243].

,

. , , -,

, [ 1979:

247248].

,

,

,

, , ,

. , ,

,

, -

[ 1990: 247]. ,

,

, ,

,

[ 1979: 243]. ,

, .

, ,

,

.

,

,

. , ,

,

//

55

-.

1.3.3.

. , ,

.

, :

( ), ,

, , [. :

1999(): 88].

- ,

,

;

, , [ 1996: 58].

,

[ 2004: 15],

. -

,

[ 2002: 288; 2004: 16].

, ,

.

() () ( )

,

56

.

,

.

,

-

[ 2004: 299].

, , ,

, . . , , -

.*

, , ,

.

( ).

, -

,

:

.

, [ 2002:

291]. ,

:

,

;

.

, ,

,

, ,

, [ : 293]. * , .

57

. ,

: , ,

.

, ,

;

.

, ,

.

,

, [ :

295]. , ,

. -,

; -,

,

,

,

.

. ,

,

,

,

. , ,

, , ,

[ : 301].

,

58

,

(

), , . ,

, : ,

( , ,

), ,

[ 2009: 295]. ,

,

, -

;

.

,

.

,

[ 2002: 299]. ,

-

,

,

, .

. . , -

[ 1989: 33].

, . . ,

- []

, -

59

, [ ].

,

[ 2002: 300],

-

,

[ ].

,

, , ,

, . ,

-

, ,

, ,

,

. ,

, ,

,

.

,

. ,

- ,

.

,

60

,

, ,

, [ 2004: 311].

.

( ).

-

.

,

( ,

) ( ,

) [ : 278].

, ,

,

.

,

, .

1.3.4.

:

, ,

.

,

(

-)

[ 1973; 1988, 2000; 1975; Cronin 1995; Darwish 1999],

61

[House 2001; Inaba 2009;

Lefevere 1992, 2002; Mdallel 2003; Metcalf 2003; Shavit 1986; Venuti 2005; Xiabin

2007]. ,

,

;

.

,

, , .

,

,

. , -

, ,

,

,

[ 1993].

. .

,

-

. ,

.

, .

.

, .

, .

,

,

62

, , ,

[Norman 1975: 4647]. ,

, , ,

. ,

- ,

() ().

. . ,

. ,

( ),

.

Duck, , ,

(Robinson Duckworth),

. . .

,

: .

.

, , Duck

( . .), , -

, , , , ,

, - ,

.

, , .

, . ( . .)

. : ,

, , ;

, , .

-, ,

[ 1991: 318].

63

-

,

,

,

- .

[ 2007: 134

135], ,

.

- ,

,

.

,

[ 1975: 8].

,

(,

), , ,

, . ,

,

,

.

[ ].

, ,

. , . Red

Knight White Knight, ,

(1) (2) ( ) [Lingvo].

64

2001 . .

, 2005 .

,

: , , -

, . White Knight.

, : ,

! - , Knight -

, ,

. : ! -

.

? :

! , ?

. , !

-, , ( )

.

, : - [ 2010:

214215].

,

(

, ,

). ,

, , ,

.

, , ,

, [ 1993].

,

,

65

[ 2005].

,

/,

.

,

, ,

[ 2007: 139].

, ,

.

, ,

, , , ,

.

, , ,

.

,

, , , , ,

[ : 140].

,

, .

,

,

, , ,

, , .

,

66

( , ),

(,

, ,

).

,

, ,

, ,

.

, ,

[OSullivan 2011: 11]. , . ,

,

1980- ,

,

[ ]. ,

. ,

, ,

.

,

, ,

,

, ,

, ,

( )

[ 1993].

, , -

,

67

, . ,

, ;

-, ,

-, , .

. , ,

, , ,

,

[ 1990: 38].

,

[

1988].

.

. , , ,

,

,

, , , ,

[Hermans 1996].

,

-

[ ].

.

(

, ), .

, . , ,

, ,

, ,

. , ,

68

.

[Darwish 1999:

12].

. , ,

,

,

.

. , , ,

(limits generate its

unlimitedness) [Cronin 1995: 239], ,

.

, ,

,

. .

, ,

[ ].

. , ,

, :

, ,

, ,

[Lefevere 1992: xiv].

. . Translation and

Creativity ,

.

, , ,

[Loffredo 2006: 10].

.

, , ,

69

, ,

,

: , ,

, , ,

[ : 10].

, .

- wordsmith,

blacksmith () silversmith

( )/goldsmith () [Pattison 2007].

() () ()

(),

,

. ,

,

,

, ,

. , , ,

, , ,

, ,

. ,

,

, ,

[Xianbin 2007: 28].

, ,

,

modus operandi.

70

1.4. modus operandi

,

. /

,

.

1.4.1.

,

[ 2008: 199].

, .

, ()

[Wills 2005: 57]. ,

.

,

,

,

.

.

,

. ,

,

[ 2002: 212].

, [ 1987; 1988 (),

2006; 1977; 1973; Levy 2000, Wilss 2005].

71

;

, ,

(),

( ),

,

[ 1988 (): 59].

, . . ,

,

, ,

[ 1973: 264].

,

,

,

,

, , ,

.

, , ,

,

,

[ 1988 (): 56].

,

,

,

[ 2006: 199]. , ,

,

, , ,

,

[ ].

72

[ 1977]

,

.

, , ,

(

), , , ,

[ 1991: 4].

:

,

, ,

[ 1973: 178]. ,

, ,

, [ 1991: 4].

(-)

,

,

; , ,

, [

1973: 178].

,

,

[ 1991: 5].

, :

(1) ; (2) ;

(3) ; (4) .

(5)

. ,

,

73

, ,

:

(

. .) (

)

[

1988 (): 57].

[ ].

, ,

,

, ,

[ 1991: 6].

. . , ,

,

, ,

,

, , ,

[ 1973: 105]. , ,

, ,

,

,

[ 1991: 5].

, ,

,

, . ,

, ,

,

, [ www].

74

,

( ).

. . :

. ,

,

,

,

[ 1973: 264].

. ,

. ,

(internalized) (internalizable)

, , :

, ,

[Wills 2005: 59].

,

,

[ 1973: 273].

- ,

( ),

.

.

/ ,

.

,

[ 2002].

75

,

() , ,

, ,

.

, .

, .

,

, ,

.

,

, , ?

, ,

,

, [

: 202].

,

, ,

[ : 191].

. ,

, ,

[ 1996: 13],

, , ,

. ,

:

. ,

,

[

1988 (): 14].

76

,

.

, :

, , ,

,

, ,

, , [ 1999: 63].

,

,

, .

, (

!) ,

.

. ,

: ,

, ,

[ 1980: 107].

.

,

- . ,

. . ,

, ,

, ,

, ,

; , , [

1980: 153]. ,

77

,

[ : 337].

,

,

. ,

,

,

. ,

, ,

, :

.

,

:

,

.

,

[ 2002: 192]. ,

, (, )

, ,

() , ,

, (.

V). , , ,

//. ,

,

() .

: ,

, ,

, ,

78

, [

1988: 174].

,

.

: ;

, ; ,

.

, , , ,

,

[ 2006: 207].

, ,

,

.

, ,

,

.

,

,

.

1.4.2.

, ,

,

,

.

, , ,

,

79

[Venuti 2001]. , ,

.

:

- ,

, ,

- .

- .

,

,

, , (

. . Dictum Factum [ 2001, 2003]).

( ,

)

,

, ,

[Mailhac 2007; Ordudari 2007].

, () ,

() [ 1998].

. . :

:

(1) (

) (2)

(

, )

[ 1988: 65].

80

. , , . .

[Krings 1986]; .

,

[Lrscher 1991]. ,

(conscious) , .

,

[Cohen 1984].

, , , (

) . ,

. . .

: (), (,

) (,

, , ,

, translationese) [Jskelinen

1993; Mailhac 2007].

. . , ,

, -

[ 2003: 169].

. . , ,

[ 1988: 65].

, . . ,

, , ,

, , , -

,

, . ,

81

- ,

, []

, , ,

[ 2003: 172]. -

. . , , (

) ,

, ,

. .

[ 1988: 65].

, ,

, . . ,

: , (

) [ 1999(): 14].

,

[ 1988: 22].

, ,

, .

, ,

, .

(),

, ,

, .

, :

82

, ,

,

.

( ),

( ) .

,

.

, ,

. , ,

. ,

,

,

, [Mailhac

2007].

, ,

.

.

,

.

( ,

) ( ,

) [Bell 1998]. , . ,

,

,

83

[Jskelinen 1993]. , ,

, .

- . ()

,

() .

, [ 2003].

, ,

.

,

,

(domesticating) (foreignizing).

. . ,

,

: , ,

. . , ,

. ,

,

[ 2008: 22].

.

. , 1813

. ,

,

,

, , : (1)

; (2) (3)

[ 2000: 128130].

84

. ,

. . ,

[ 2006: 17]. ,

-

[ : 15], .

[ 2010: 7],

,

, .

,

,

, .

, ,

,

, ,

, ,

, , ,

, .

. , ,

( )

[Toury 1995]. . : ,

, ,

/ , , ,

/

[Sanchez 2009: 132].

,

85

,

-

, ,

.

, ,

, ,

, ,

vs ,

vs ,

vs , vs ,

- vs -

.

, ,

,

,

. ,

, ,

.

, , ,

,

- ,

[ 2006].

- . .

.

, , , ,

, .

86

, , , ,

[ 2000: 4748].

, ,

() ,

- ,

( . .

[ 2006]), , , .

- ,

, - [ 2011:

11]. . -,

, , ,

,

[Birdwood-Hedger 2006:

61].

. . , ,

;

[ 1988]. . . ,

- , ,

,

,

[ 2004: 363364].

, ,

, ,

,

.

, ,

/

. ,

,

87

, [Sanchez 2009: 131].

,

,

,

[ 2011: 5], ,

, .

, ,

, ,

, ,

.

,

,

,

, .

. ,

.

- ,

.

1.5.

, , ,

[ 2008; 1997, 2006 ();

2003; 2011; 2005, 2006; 2009; 2005;

1998; 1988, Vandepitte 2008], ,

-

88

. ,

,

, [ www].

,

.

,

(),

. ,

, /

.

. ,

,

, ,

, , ,

, [ 2007].

, ,

. -, ( ,

) ( ,

, ) ; -,

.

(, , ,

),

.

,

,

89

.

. . . , , ,

, -

.

. -

,

,

[ 1997: 18; . : 1988].

. . ,

() () :

,

, ,

,

, ,

, , ,

[ 2005: 85].

. .

,

() (-

).

, : (

); (

); (

); (

- ); (

) [ 2010: 50].

90

. . ,

, , ,

, [ 2000: 7].

,

,

()

[ 2002: 64].

. . ,

, , - (

)

,

, [ 1989].

, ,

, ,

, -

.

,

, ,

. ,

, - ,

,

. ,

,

[ 1998: 661662].

.

, , ,

91

, .

, , -

, ,

, .

,

,

. , ,

,

[ 2010: 48].

, , ,

,

[ 2006(): 130]. , ,

,

.

, ,

,

: , ,

, ,

[ 2009: 46].

-

, , ;

,

.

,

,

.

,

92

, , ,

. ,

( . .) [ 2006 (): 127].

,

, , ,

, ,

[Hatim 1997: 1]. , ,

; , ,

.

. . , , ,

/ , ,

, ,

.

,

: .

,

( ) , ,

,

.

, ,

.

, ;

[ 1998: 30].

,

, , ,

. ,

, . . ,

93

. ,

.

, ,

,

.

,

,

.

, ,

, ,

[ 2003: 9].

,

,

,

, ,

- ,

: ,

, ,

[ 2007: 214].

-

, - ,

, , . , ,

,

, -

,

( , ).

94

, -

,

.

,

[

2003].

-/, /

, ,

-, .

,

, ,

[ 2010],

, [

] , ,

[Loffredo 2006: 1]. ,

,

,

, .

- ,

.

,

,

, .

, (

, ) ,

95

//.

/ , -

.

,

,

. ,

,

.

,

,

[ : 4].

, ,

() -

-. /

/ ,

, -,

.

,

, , ,

.

, , [ 2005],

, [ 2007],

[ 2009], [ 2006],

[ 2011; 2009; 2008] .

96

,

.

,

, [ 1999: 98].

,

,

.

-

. . , ,

, ,

[ 2003].

,

,

[ 1999: 99]. ,

, ( ,

) , ,

-

.

: -, ,

; -,

, (, ) ,

-,

. ,

-

,

- -

, , -

, .

97

. , ,

/ , /

.

,

, - ,

, ,

,

[ 1974: 89].

, , ,

;

,

,

, , [ : 90].

. . , :

.

, : !;

, !. ,

, .

,

, .

, ,

: , ,

.

? [ 2007: 353].

,

,

, (),

98

( ) .

, ,

,

,

, , ,

. . . ,

[] ( )

, [ 2004: 170].

,

.

-

.

- ,

. , ,

,

.

-// ,

. ,

,

( ).

, , , ,

,

,

.

,

99

(. overlapping),

.

/ 1:

1.

. ,

,

/ ,

.

, ,

( ) ,

,

-

-/ /

100

. ,

,

.

. , .

, ,

, , .

, ,

,

. ,

,

, [Wills

2004: 779]. ,

. ,

,

( ,

). , ,

, ,

.

,

, -

[ ].

. .

, ,

. :

?

?. ,

,

[ 1976]. ,

101

, ,

. ,

.

, . . ,

, , ,

, ,

[ 2006: 17]. ,

, ,

[ 1988: 21]. ,

( )

, ,

,

. ,

- ,

, ,

,

[ 2006: 18].

,

, -

, .

,

, -

.

102

, ,

, .

,

,

(),

( ) .

,

.

(

)

, ,

- (

).

,

. .

: /();

;

.

, , ,

.

103

,

, ,

. -

,

,

.

, ,

, ,

, , , ,

.

,

.

, ,

.

, ,

, .

,

, ,

// .

, ,

,

. , -,

- ()

, , -

, -

,

, - .

104

,

,

/ ,

/ .

( )

( ),

.

,

. -

: ,

.

.

-

-,

.

,

, , -

( ). -

,

,

, ,

( ).

( ), ,

, ,

(IV ).

105

,

(), ()

.

, .

, , ,

. ,

,

.

,

,

. ,

, ,

, () (,

, ).

modus operandi

. ()

, .

.

, , ,

.

()

, .

, , ,

106

.

(), ,

, ,

.

( ) (

)

,

, ,

,

.

, ,

(1) -; (2) -/

/; (3) .

-

,

, .

,

().

-

/ /

, - .

,

.

, ()

.

107

,

:

.

,

,

, , ,

, , -

. ,

,

- .

108

2

, -

. ,

,

. ,

, , ,

/.

2.1.

, , .

, , ()

, - .

,

, -

,

, -

.

2.1.1.

,

, , ,

,

109

, ,

( . .)

[ 2010: 45]. ,

, - ,

,

,

. , ,

. ,

,

, -

: ?. ,

, .

.

/ ,

,

-

- [ 1996, 1999()].

. . ,

-

, ,

( ) , , ,

.

[ 1998].

,

.

:

110

?.

, ,

, , . . ,

. . . . . , , ,

[ 1976].

. . , , ,

[,

1968: 449]. . . ,

,

,

[ 1964: 75]. . .

: ,

, ,

- [ 1970: 15].

, ,

;

, , ,

,

[ : 16]. ,

,

, ,

, ,

-

. . .

111

, ,

. . . . :

, , .

, ,

, ,

[ : 22].

-

. . ,

,

. . . -

, . .

,

,

: , ,

,

.

, ,

.

, [ 1973: 228].

,

, . ,

,

,

[ : 229].

,

, , ,

[ 1989: 12]. -

112

, ,

,

[ www]. ,

. . , ,

, [ 2002:

20].

.

-

[

2008; 2001; 1980; 1989; 1990, 2001;

1976, 1987; 1973; 1975; www; 1983;

1968 ],

[ 1983].

:

,

,

. ,

,

[

www].

-

,

,

[ 1988:

143]. -

[ 1964:

113

163]; [ 1973: 71];

,

, , ,

[

1983: 98]; - [ 2009: 3237];

, ,

,

[ 2008].

. . ,

(), ,

, ,

[ www].

- (

), ,

,

, [

2005: 159].

, ,

,

,

.

,

, , .

,

, ,

[ : 163].

114

,

. , ,

,

, ()

.

,

,

[ 1988: 2829].

, , ,

.

. The

Sad Happy Ending Story of the Bald Twit Lion. ,

,

, ,

.

, . .

:

Once, twice and thrice upon a time there lived a Jungle. It started at the bottom

and went upwards till it reached the monkeys, who had been waiting years for the

trees to reach them, and as soon as they did the monkeys invented climbing down.

Most trees were made of wood, and so were the rest. It was a really good

Jungle: great scarlet lilies, yellow irises, thousands of grasses all grew very happily,

and this Jungle was always on time. Some people are always late, like the late King

George V. But not this Jungle. (Milligan, The Sad Happy Ending Story of the Bald

Twit Lion)

.

Once upon a time,

115

late (1) (be late

) (2) [Lingvo].

. , ,

Once, twice and thrice upon a time

, King George V

,

( V,

1936 ).

late ,

. :

- .

, , ,

.

, , , - .

: - ,

, , ;

,

). (, -

, . )

,

[ 2007: 211].

, ,

[ : 212].

-

(

), ,

116

,

.

,

[ 2002: 64].

,

, ,

, ,

,

,

[ 2002: 19]. ,

.

, , . ,

[Pym 1995: 154], ,

.

1950- 1960- ,

,

- .

,

,

, ,

.

, .

, . ,

[ 1988: 34].

, ,

, ( . .) [ 2002:

137].

117

. . ,

, ,

, [ 1974: 1011].

,

,

- , [

2001: 79].

,

,

,

- [ 1999()].

. . ,

,

,

, , ,

[ 1975].

-

-

,

, .

,

/ .

- ,

,

,

.

,

.

118

, ,

:

, ,

, ,

;

,

.

2.1.2.

,

, .

,

[ 1975: 28].

, ,

, [ 2004: 192].

. ,

-

.

,

.

, .

,

119

, , ,

[. : 1970: 415416].

1960- 1970- ,

,

[ 1975; 1978; 1978;

2004; 1973, 1990; 1976; 1978;

1978; 1973; House 2006 ].

,

- .

-

-,

,

,

, ,

[ 1999(): 1112].

,

, ,

,

[ 1978;

2004; 1978 ]. . . ,

()

[ 2008: 170].

,

- ,

,

, [

120

2008], ,

:

-, ,

. , ,

: (1) ,

, , ;

(2) , -

,

; (3) , e

-

[ 1988].

. .

- .

: (1) ( );

(2) ; (3) [ 2002].

, ,

, , , ,

,

.

, ,

, , , ,

, [ 2004: 193].

, ,

,

,

[ ].

121

. ,

,

[ 2009: 83],

, ,

, , ,

[ 2003: 32].

,

,

[ 2001],

.

,

-

, []

, ,

, , ,

[

1976: 20].

, ,

. . .

[ 1990: 210].

, ,

,

, , , /

[ www]. ,

,

122

.

.

, .

(Kolobok),

, Johnnycake.

: Johnnycake (!)

,

,

. ,

. ,

, [Wikipedia]. , ,

,

,

Ukrainian Folk Tales. . :

Kolobok the Johnnycake lay there for a while, then he jumped from the sill onto

the ground, and from there he bounced into the yard, and from the yard he rolled

beyond the gate and off onto the highway. ( ,

. , . 18)

,

, (flatbread)

(bounce), (roll).

, ,

,

.

, ,

,

. , ,

. . , ,

.

,

123

. . ,

. (1974). , ,

,

, ,

, , ,

, [ 1974: 144]. ,

, -

[], , , ,

, [

1988: 150].

, , . ,

,

.

, ,

-

. Giraffe 1:

We come now to

the stately Giraffe

Whos never been known

to smile or to laugh. (Milligan, A Book of Milliganimals, p. 32)

(). , ,

,

(stately), (to smile, to laugh),

. , , ,

; , ,

. :

124

(1) ,

.

,

.

(2)

.

,

.

(3)

.

.

(4)

.

, ,

.

,

( ) .

1

, ()

( )

,

, ( , )

, ,

, . ,

,

(, ) .

,

.

, , ,

, ,

(. . ).

125

, -

,

, ,

[ 1988: 33]. ,

, ,

.

, -

,

- .

-

, [

2001]. ,

, , . . ,

[ 2000: 39].

( )

.

,

-

[ 1988: 31].

.

,

,

126

[ 2000: 39].

.

( , ) ,

.

, ,

[

: 40].

, . . ,

,

, ,

, ,

, , [

2007: 229230]. , ,

,

,

.

,

, ,

[

2000: 40]. ,

,

,

[ 1988: 23].

,

, ,

, .

,

. -

, ,

127

, ,

, ,

[ 1990: 36].

,

[ :

37].

, ,

- ,

(- -

)

,

, , .

2.2.

,

.

, -

, , ,

.

/

,

.

,

.

128

2.2.1. /

/

,

, ,

[ 1996: 35].

,

, .

-, /

, ,

, , :

, ,

, [ 1989].

-

,

.

/,

. ,

per se, ,

,

, . . ,

,

[ www].

-, , /

,

,

() /.

. ,

129

/

. ,

, (-)

,

,

, ,

[ 2010: 30].

/

, ,

,

, .

. ,

(. 1.5).

, ,

, ,

, ( ) -

, .

, ,

, .

, -

- . ,

, - ,

, ,

, [ 2005].

, .

, ,

130

, (., , [ 1976;

2002]). -

,

: [ ]

, ,

, .

. ,

, , .

, ,

, [ 2005].

. -

/,

. . .

,

. .

, () .

: -

()

, ;

,

, ,

. ,

[

2004].

. /,

, .

, /

, [ 2007].

/

131

/

: ,

;

/ [ : 291].

.

, ,

, ,

,

, , ,

[ : 298].

, . . ,

,

, ,

,

, [ 2007: 258].

,

[

1975; 1980; 1999(); 1963, 1975; 2000;

2002; 1983; 1988 ],

:

1.

.

,

.

,

,

, . ,

132

, . ,

, ,

, ,

: ,

,

, ,

[ 1955: 218]. , ,

, ,

[ 1990: 39].

, ,

, / ,

[ 1988: 110].

. . ,

, ,

, , , ,

[ 1975: 220].

,

[ 2002: 144].

, . .

, ,

, ,

,

, . ,

, ,

,

133

-,

[ : 145].

2. -

.

,

, - , ,

-. ,

, , -,

, , , -

,

(, )

.

,

,

. /

;

, ,

- ,

,

,

[ 1975: 13].

3. .

,

, //

, , ,

, .

,

, , , ,

134

.

,

: 1) (

, , ); 2) (

); 3) (

) [ 2010: 25].

. . ,

, , , ,

, ,

, ,

,

[ 1975: 55].

,

,

. ,

, ,

. . [ 1980]. ,

.

2.2.2.

.

,

,

.

135

. . : (

) , ,

[ 1988: 69].

, ,

-

,

,

[

: 86].

,

: [] ,

, , ,

[ 2005: 20].

. , :

.

,

(

), ,

, , , . . ,

,

[ 2009: 201], ,

, ,

, [ :

200].

, [ ].

136

, :

, , ,

.

, .

, , ,

, .

,

.

,

. , ,

. ,

.

, ,

,

, ,

,

[ www].

. .

()

,

[ 1975: 6]. ,

, , ,

, , -

, , , ,

, [ :

7].

137

,

, ,

,

/ ( )

[ www].

, ,

,

, ,

:

,

, e , ,

, [ 2009: 35].

, , ,

. . , ,

, ()

(). ,

, , [ 2001:

188]. (

)

(- ), (-

).

,

[ 1975: 13].

, ,

,

/

138

,

.

(, ,

, ),

[ 2007: 4344], ,

.

,

, [ 2010].

, ,

() .

, , ,

,

. ,

.

, ,

()

[ 2006: 58]. ,

, ,

,

.

-, -

[ 2008; 1990; 2011].

: ,

, ,

( ) ,

,

[ 2008: 250]. . .

139

(, , , , , , ),

, [

2001]. . . ,

,

, ,

,

[ 1980: VII]. ,

: , , , , ,

, , , .

,

,

. -,

(),

(), ,

,

, , /

,

,

,

.

-, ,

.

.

(-) ,

, (),

.

;

140

.

:

1) / ;

2) ;

3) (

// );

4) - (

/ );

5) ;

6) :

7) .

, - ,

,

, (

) .

, ,

. ,

,

(, , [ 1988, 1991]); ,

( ) ( ,

, , ),

.

;

/

.

.

141

, , , , (-

) [ 2001].

,

( - -

, ). ,

. ,

, (

, ),

[ 2001: 189],

,

.

,

.

,

, -

,

, , , ,

[ 1975; 1973; 1980; 1976; 1963;

- 1999; 2002].

,

.

,

.

142

2.2.3.

. .

. . , ,

, , ,

, ,

, ,

, , ,

[ 1973: 53]. ,

.

.

. ,

. ,

,

. ,

. .

,

[ 1980: 43].

. . . ,

, () ,

:

( ) ,

,

[ 1975: 93]. . .

,

[ 1990: 147148].

,

, ,

143

(., , [ 1975: 95;

1990: 148; 2001: 176; 2002: 155]),

, ,

, .

, ,

,

.

,

, .

,

. . :

(, -

. .) (1)

( , ); (2)

.

,

, , [ 2002: 155].

. . .

,

, - (

), , , , ,

, , . ,

,

, , ,

, - (-,

-) .

, , ,

(., , [ 1973;

144

1980; 1964]).

. . , ,

, ,

, [

1990: 147148].

, ,

1) ( ), ,

, , ,

, , - ,

, ,

, ( ), ,

, , ;

2) (

); 3) ,

, ,

( ).

. .

: 1) ; 2) ;

3) () ; 4) (

); 5) [ 1975: 96

105]. ,

- ,

. ,

, ,

.

- . . covert

translation overt translation. (. ,

) ,

145

.

[House 2006: 347].

[

: 349].

, , ,

,

.

, ,

overt translation [ 2009].

, overt translation . ,

, ,

; ,

, [House 2006: 347].

,

. , ,

, :

?. ,

[ 2009: 12].

,

,

,

, , ,

, ,

, , , ,

,

, [ 1999(): 171172].

, ,

146

.

,

. . , , .

. . ,

[ 1974: 59

69]. . -,

. ,

,

. ,

. -,

.

,

[ 2008: 5455].

, ,

, ,

;

[ 2009: 24].

,

/ ,

, .

,

.

,

.

147

2.3.

2.3.1.

,

, , ,

, - .

, ,

.

,

. . :

[ 1988: 1718].

,

, ,

,

. , ,

, , .

, , ,

[ : 18].

, ,

: 1) ,

(

, , , ); 2)

, - (,

, , ); 3)

, ( ) [ 2011].

, /

148

,

(),

.

/

.

,

.

,

,

,

[ : 14]. ,

,

, ,

. ,

,

,

.

,

,

, .

/-

, ,

. . [

1968].

149

[ 2011: 6].

,

,

-

[ 1983: 5051]. , -

, , ,

, -

[ 1990:

217].

. . ,

: .

.

( ) ,

[ 1968: 135].

: , ,

[

] ,

.

,

. , ,

[ ].

,

.

. :

,

. ,

150

,

, [ 2004: 170].

, ,

-,

- , ,

,

( )

[ 2008: 261],

,

, .

,

, (

. .) (

, , )

[ 2008: 261]. ,

[ 2008].

,

, , ,

,

/ ,

.

2.3.1.1. ,

. The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club.

. ,

151

, .

. . ,

[ 1982: 17].

,

:

Yes. Youll hear his voice in a moment, Mr. Pickwick. Hell speak to me. The

other gentleman with him, in the red under-waistcoat and dark moustache, is the

Honourable Mr. Crushton, his bosom friend. How do you do, my Lord?

Veway hot, Bantam, said his Lordship.

It IS very warm, my Lord, replied the M.C.

Confounded, assented the Honourable Mr. Crushton.

Have you seen his Lordships mail-cart, Bantam? inquired the Honourable

Mr. Crushton, after a short pause, during which young Lord Mutanhed had been

endeavouring to stare Mr. Pickwick out of countenance, and Mr. Crushton had been

reflecting what subject his Lordship could talk about best.

Dear me, no, replied the M.C. A mail-cart! What an excellent idea. Re-

markable!

Gwacious heavens! said his Lordship, I thought evewebody had seen the new

mail-cart; its the neatest, pwettiest, gwacefullest thing that ever wan upon wheels.

Painted wed, with a cweam piebald.

With a real box for the letters, and all complete, said the Honourable Mr.

Crushton.

And a little seat in fwont, with an iwon wail, for the dwiver, added his

Lordship. I dwove it over to Bwistol the other morning, in a cwimson coat, with two

servants widing a quarter of a mile behind; and confound me if the people didnt wush

out of their cottages, and awest my pwogwess, to know if I wasnt the post.

Glorwiousglorwious!

152

At this anecdote his Lordship laughed very heartily, as did the listeners, of

course. Then, drawing his arm through that of the obsequious Mr. Crushton, Lord

Mutanhed walked away.

Delightful young man, his Lordship, said the Master of the Ceremonies.

So I should think, rejoined Mr. Pickwick drily. (Dickens, The Posthumous

Papers of the Pickwick Club)

, . , , :

r w,

.

:

. , .

, ,

. .

, ?

, , .

, , .

, .

, ?

,

,

,

, .

, , ,

! . !

! . - ,

,

, , -

. , .

,

.

153

.

. ,

. !

, , .

, !

, ,

, , . ,

, , .

, ,

.

, , . (,

, )

,

, ,

.

( ) Bristol

, . . .

. run

,

(- , , ,

, , , , ).

, ( ) ,

Gracious heavens .

,

( , ) ,

154

,

.

,

(18 ) (34 ).

. -,

,

r (, neatest ). -,

, r

, (, servant).

. . . The Hobbit or There and Back Again.

, ,

,

:

(1) Bless us and splash us, my precioussss! I guess its a choice feast; at least a

tasty morsel it'd make us, gollum!

(2) What iss he, my preciouss? whispered Gollum.

(3) Sssss, said Gollum, and became quite polite. Praps ye sits here and chats

with it a bitsy, my preciousss. It like riddles, praps it does, does it? (Tolkien, The

Hobbit or There and Back Again)

,

,

.

. . , :

/s/ //, //

[ 2009: 22].

, .

, ,

155

.

:

(1) - -, -, ---! -

-, - -, - - --

-, !

(2) , ---? .

(3) ---, .

-- -- -, --

? - , -, -, ?

(, , . , . 8283)

, . -

,

,

, . . -,

(3)

, (praps = perhaps, ye

= you, bitsy = a little bit), (ye sits),

. , ,

,

.

2.3.1.2. , -

. Pygmalion. ,

, ,

, ,

[ 2008: 252]. ,

156

-, .

:

Ow, eez ye-ooa san, is e? Wal, fewd dan y de-ooty bawmz a mather should, eed

now bettern to spawl a pore gels flahrzn than ran awy atbaht pyin. Will ye-oo py me

fthem? (Shaw, Pygmalion)

:

, , ? , ,

, , !

- ? (, , . )

,

, .

, ()

(fewd dan y de-ooty ) (Will ye-oo -

) .

(, ), ,

,

.

. ,

, , :

Theres menners f yer! Te-oo banches o voylets trod into the mad. (Shaw,

Pygmalion)

, ! , , ? (. ,

, . )

, , ,

, [] [] ( ), [] []

( )

.

157

. , ,

. ,

,

. ,

, ,

, [

1994: 67].

. The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit,

(., ,

[ 1968; 2008]). , . .

:

,

. ,

,

, [ 1968: 165].

, :

, ,

,

,

[ ].

, ,

, ,

,

,

158

. . The Life and

Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit ,

,

. , ,

, -

. ( , )

, , ,

.

:

Now, aint we rich in beauty this here joyful arternoon, Im sure. I knows a

lady, which her name, Ill not deceive you, Mrs Chuzzlewit, is Harris, her husbands

brother bein six foot three, and marked with a mad bull in Wellington boots upon his

left arm, on account of his precious mother havin been worrited by one into a

shoemaker's shop, when in a sitiwation which blessed is the man as has his quiver full

of sech, as many times Ive said to Gamp when words has roge betwixt us on account

of the expense and often have I said to Mrs Harris, Oh, Mrs Harris, maam! your

countenance is quite a angels! Which, but for Pimples, it would be. No, Sairey

Gamp, says she, you best of hard-working and industrious creeturs as ever was

underpaid at any price, which underpaid you are, quite diffrent. Harris had it done

afore marriage at ten and six, she says, and wore it faithful next his heart till the

colour run, when the money was declined to be give back, and no arrangement could

be come to. But he never said it was a angels, Sairey, wotever he might have

thought. If Mrs. Harriss husband was here now, said Mrs. Gamp, looking round,

and chuckling as she dropped a general curtsey, hed speak out plain, he would, and

his dear wife would be the last to blame him! (Dickens, The Life and Adventures of

Martin Chuzzlewit)

. , !

, , , ,

,

159

, ,

, ,

, , ,

, , :

, , , ,

, . , ,

. ,

- - , ,

.

,

, ,

. ,

, .

, , ,

. , ,

. (, ,

)

, ,

.

2

aint arent

arternoon afternoon

worrited worried

sitiwation situation

quiver full of sech quiver full of children

160

roge rage

Sairey Sarah

creeturs creatures

diff'rent different

wotever whatever

here

I knows I know

marked with a mad

bull

pimples

declined to be give

back

I'll not deceive you

your countenance is

quite a angel's

,

.

2.3.1.3. , (

)

, ,

, /

.

, ,

, , , ,

, :

161

,

,

.

,

[ 1990:

218].

,

,

.

,

, ,

.

,

,

, .

.

Interesting Times.

( ),

, :

(1) How are you? she said, in fractured but recognizable Morporkian. We

are very sorry. All better now? We speak you in language of celestial city of Ankh-

More-Pork. Language of freedom and progress.

(2) Then it are true, she said, in Rincewinds own language. You are the

Great Wizard!

(3) The younger girl, who had been trying to follow this, stepped forward and

gripped his arm.

You come seeing Red Army now, she said. (Pratchett, Interesting Times, p. 86

87)

162

,

, :

,

( ,

). ,

, , .

,

.

, , ,

. ,

- ,

,

, . ,

,

-, , ,

,

.

- ,

,

, ,

/, /, , ,

[]

[].

:

(1) ? ,

. . ?

-. .

(2) , .

.

163

(3) , ,

. ,

. (, , )

-

,

.

, ,

.

2.3.2.

,

, - / /

, , ,

, , , ,

-

),

[ 2002: 205].

, - ,

[ 2011: 8].

// [ 1966;

2009; 2009].

- ,

164

.

(

- , , ,

, , , ),

.

()

,

, , ()

, .

,

[ 1966: 96].

,

, , .

,