rar2008-v1 0 - UPV · MAYA 2.0 31. GRUPO DE REDES DE COMPUTADORES Departamento de Sistemas...
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DE COMPUTADORES mento de Sistemas Informáticos y Computadores Computer Networks Group - UPV http://www.grc.upv.es/ GRUPO DE REDES D Universidad Politécnica de Valencia – Departam 1 11 September 2008
Transcript of rar2008-v1 0 - UPV · MAYA 2.0 31. GRUPO DE REDES DE COMPUTADORES Departamento de Sistemas...
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Computer Networks Group - UPV
http://www.grc.upv.es/
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111 September 2008
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Group structure
�UPV � DISCA � GRC
�Created in 2000
�The group members are:�5 associate professors
�2 assistant professors
�3 lecturers
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�3 lecturers
�9 PhD students� 3 full-time (with some sort of
funding)
� 3 almost full-time
� 3 part-time
�4 Master students
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Collaborations
�UPV� Fault Tolerance Group (DISCA)
� Department of Applied Mathematics
� Technology Institute of Valencia (ITI)
�Spanish Universities� University of Murcia
� University of Malaga
� University of Castilla La Mancha
� University Jaume I
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�Thematic network on “Codification and Transmission of Contents Multimedia”; 14 Spanish universities are part of this network
� Industry� Applus+ IDIADA (IDIADA, http://www.idiada.es/) , Barcelona.
� Grupo Tecnológico e Industrial (GMV, http://www.gmv.es/), Madrid.
� Métodos y Tecnología (MTP, http://www.mtp.es/), Madrid
� QIS, Valencia
� GEDSA , Valencia
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Area of interest
�The design, the implementation and the evaluation of
algorithms and protocols for “mobile ad hoc networks”
MANETs�Security
�QoS
�Management & configuration
�Power control
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�Objectives:� to offer the required network services to “context-aware”
applications.
� FP7: Ambient Intelligence.
� to offer connection to Internet in contexts where the wiring is either impossible or excessively expensive.
� FP7: Next Generation Internet: available everywhere, on more
platforms.
� roads � VANETs
� rural areas � rural communications
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Work methodology
ns-2 http://nsnam.isi.edu/nsnam/
CASTADIVA
mozart
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CASTADIVA
�A MANETs emulator
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http://castadiva.sourceforge.net/6
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CASTADIVA: InterfaceG
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CASTADIVA: Random scenarios generatorG
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CASTADIVA: future
�Ease installation and scaling
�Better physical layer simulation
�Modularization�Security attacks injection
�Mobility models
�Routing protocols
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�Routing protocols
�Multiple technology integration�UMTS
�WiFi
�WiMAX
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Developments
�Mesh networks
� Toc2: captive portal that allows users
classification � Dulendue
� Ruralnet
� Maya: APs firmware for the
management of mesh networks
�Pervasive computing
� Ubiqmuseum; Bluemall; Bluefriend;
BlueHospital
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BlueHospital
�VANETs
� OBU prototype
� Mobility models
�MANETs configuration� EasyMANET, VisualDNS
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Toc2
�Network access control through web tools.
Servidor
Principal Base de
Datos
Red Ethernet
PHP
SQL
Linux Shell Script
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AP AP AP
ClientesClientesClientes
HTML
CSS
XML
XSL
Javascript
DHTML
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Toc2 applications
�Dulenduè:
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RuralNet
�Based on Toc2:
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Proyecto MozambiqueG
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UBIQMUSEUM
Central Data Server
Ethernet based Network
Architecture
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MIP(Venus)
MIP(Meninas)
MIP(Monalisa)
ClientClientClient
Client
Client
Bluetoothbased Network
PDA’s client main screen
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UBIQMUSEUM: User Profile ConfigurationG
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— Before connecting to the MIP the user has to configure the profile: (Profile screen)
— Type of device, educational level, Language of preference
— Then � Accept, Found Services and connect to them to get the information …
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UBIQMUSEUM: Searching for services
• Now the client …— Inquiry to find any MIP
— SDP to search for services
— Select a specific service to
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— Select a specific service to connect to
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UBIQMUSEUM: Getting the information
• The client receives info — According to its profile
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BlueFriend
�Bluefriend, an application for mobile devices that takes
advantage of Bluetooth functionalities to create mobile
social networks.
�It runs on PDA and mobile phones equipped with a
Bluetooth adapter.
�Bluefriend periodically scans the environment in search for
other members of the Bluefriend community; when found,
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other members of the Bluefriend community; when found,
``virtual personal cards'' (VPCs) are exchanged with
information about: user preferences, likes/dislikes, etc. to
assess the degree of matching among found users. �High degrees of matching result in the exchange of personal
information and contact details so that connected users are aware of how to reach each other in a future.
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BlueFriend: creating a profileG
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BlueFriend: scanningG
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BlueMall
�Advertising system based on Bluetooth.
�Bluetooth terminals receive data with advertising content
(mainly) sent from various access points.
�These contents are controlled in a centralized manner.
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BlueMall: components general schemeG
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QUOVADIS: overall architectureG
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QUOVADIS: Nodes architecture
HSDPA Modem
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GPS
SystemAsus WL-500G P
with OpenWrt OSQuovadis Program
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QUOVADIS: Control Unit interfaceG
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EasyMANET: MANET-autoconf
802.11Bluetooth
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EasyMANET: VisualDNSG
RU
PO
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EasyMANET: ejecution exampleG
RU
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On-going research
�Security�Defence against passive attacks
�Defence against active attacks
�VANETs�Modeling
�Alert propagation
�Seamless handoff
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�Seamless handoff
�Video with QoS�DACME
�DACME-DV
�Mesh management�MAYA 2.0
31
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MANETs attacks classification
Attacks on routing
Active attacks Passive attacks
Packet silent Routing Routing Flood network
SECURITY
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discardRouting information hiding
procedureFlood network
False reply Wormhole attacks
Route request
Route broken message
False distance vector
False destination sequence
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Possible anonymity attacks
5.5.5.65.5.5.16
5.5.5.11
5.5.5.23410.10.10.3
� Correlate nodes’
identities and their
locations
� Visualize ad hoc
routes
� Visualize mobile
nodes’ motion
patterns
SECURITY
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5.5.5.78
5.5.5.82
5.5.5.147
5.5.5.153
5.5.5.69
5.5.5.9
5.5.5.211
5.5.5.18
5.5.5.3
10.10.10.4
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Possible anonymity attacks
5.5.5.65.5.5.16
5.5.5.11
5.5.5.23410.10.10.3
� Correlate nodes’
identities and their
locations
� Visualize ad hoc
routes
� Visualize mobile
nodes’ motion
patterns
� Disrupt ad hoc
communications
SECURITY
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5.5.5.78
5.5.5.82
5.5.5.147
5.5.5.153
5.5.5.69
5.5.5.9
5.5.5.211
5.5.5.18
5.5.5.3
10.10.10.4
communications
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Solution being evaluated
5.5.5.65.5.5.16
5.5.5.11
5.5.5.23410.10.10.3
1. Adopt a proactive
routing protocol
2. Spread the traffic
among all the nodes
uniformly
3. Use multiple paths
for the same data
flow
Q. How to measure and
compare the
D
SECURITY
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5.5.5.78
5.5.5.82
5.5.5.147
5.5.5.153
5.5.5.69
5.5.5.9
5.5.5.211
5.5.5.18
5.5.5.3
10.10.10.4
compare the
performance the new
solution
S
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CASTADIVACASTADIVACASTADIVACASTADIVA
(Ad-hoc network simulator)
Devices Devices Devices Devices
SimulationSimulationSimulationSimulation
controllercontrollercontrollercontrollerJADE (MultiJADE (MultiJADE (MultiJADE (Multi----
Agent Platform)Agent Platform)Agent Platform)Agent Platform)
PIEAgent
PDPAgent
Active attacks detection: frameworkSECURITY
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SEFORASEFORASEFORASEFORA
(Attack injection)
Devices Devices Devices Devices
(ad(ad(ad(ad----hoc nodes)hoc nodes)hoc nodes)hoc nodes)
routersroutersroutersrouters
laptopslaptopslaptopslaptops
PEPAgent
1
PEPAgent
2 36
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EKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGA
Active attacks detection:SECURITY
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EKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGA
EKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGA
User AUser AUser AUser A User BUser BUser BUser B
37
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Active attacks detection: Stealth attack launch
EKIGAEKIGA
EKIGA
SECURITY
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Malicioususer
OLSROLSROLSROLSROLSROLSROLSROLSR
User A User B
38
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Active attacks detection: Stealth attack launchSECURITY
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The malicious user gets control over Ekiga The malicious user gets control over Ekiga The malicious user gets control over Ekiga The malicious user gets control over Ekiga
communications between users A and B communications between users A and B communications between users A and B communications between users A and B
User AUser AUser AUser A User BUser BUser BUser B
EKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGA EKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGA
39
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User AUser AUser AUser A User BUser BUser BUser B
Active attacks detection: Blackhole attack launchSECURITY
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EKIGAEKIGAEKIGAEKIGA
40
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Step 4 - Attack detection
User A User B
Blackhole detected !!
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EKIGAEKIGAEKIGA
Watchdog
41
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Modeling: The CityMob tool
�We designed a mobility pattern generator, called CityMob.
The tool allows to modify the following parameters:� The model used
� The number of nodes
� The time simulated
� The maximum speed of the nodes
� The size of the area
� The distance between the streets
VANETS
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� The distance between the streets
� The number of damaged nodes
� The size and position of the Downtown (only in DM)
� The probability that a node is in Downtown (only in DM)
42
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Modeling: Example of the Downtown model
• Models random direction
changes
• Simulates semaphores at
random positions (not
only in crossing), and with
different delays
VANETS
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43
• Adds traffic density.
Vehicles must move more
slowly than in the
outskirts
• User can change the
probability of a node
being located inside the
downtown area
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Modeling:RPMs
�Realistic Radio Propagation Models
(RPMs) �Distance Attenuation Model (DAM)
�Building Model (BM)
�Building and Distance Attenuation Model(BDAM)
VANETS
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An alert propagation protocol
First and very basic proposal
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Seamless Handoff
A seamless handoff is defined as a
handoff scheme that maintains the
connectivity of all applications on
the mobile device when the handoff
occurs.
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Seamless Handoff
�Two goals: low latencies and few packet losses
�Related Work�Network Layer Approaches
� MIPv4, IPv6
�Upper Layer Approaches
� End-to-End Approaches (e.g. Dynamic DNS)
� New Session Layer Protocols (e.g. MSOCKS)
� Transport Layer Protocols (e.g. TCP-MH and SCTP)
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� Transport Layer Protocols (e.g. TCP-MH and SCTP)
� Middleware Approach (e.g. USHA)
47
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DACME architecture
�The proposal involves and
integrates three elements� Transport layer and middleware
�Distributed Admission
Control for Manets
Environments
(DACME)
IP
Mpaths-DSR
DACME
TCP/UDP
VIDEO WITH QOS
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(DACME)�Routing layer
�Multiple paths as an
extension of a standard
protocol (MDSR)�MAC layer
�IEEE 802.11e
48
IEEE802.11e
IEEE802.11g
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The IEEE 802.11e (WMM)
IEEE 802.11e MAC parameters for an IEEE 802.11a/g radio
Acess category Designation AIFSN TXOPLimit (ms)
AC_BK Background 7 15 1023 0
AC_BE Best effort 3 15 1023 0
AC_VI Video 2 7 15 3.008
AC_VO Voice 2 3 7 1.504
Cwmin CWmax
VIDEO WITH QOS
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DACME architecture
1. The application registers with DACME,
indicating the source port, as well as
the destination's port and IP address
2. DACME periodically sends probes to
assess available bandwidth on the
path
3. The port state is set to up or down
according to current network
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50
according to current network
conditions
4. The packet filter module is responsible
for enforcing accept/reject decisions,
and also for changing the packet's
TOS field if accepted
� Note: In the Linux kernel this
architecture is implemented using
iptables
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DACME-SV: Goals
�Extend DACME to support scalable video.�Pass from a single-level video output to a multi-level video
output. (see figures below)
�Decrease Idle times.
�With DACME-SV, path information is used by the source to
decide how many video layers can be transmitted over the
network without congesting it, thus guaranteeing that traffic
VIDEO WITH QOS
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network without congesting it, thus guaranteeing that traffic
will not exceed network capacity.
DACME DACME - SV
tt
51
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Maya 2.0MESH MANAGEMENT
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�Integration with RADIUS
�Various Internet access point
�Localization
�Auto-configuration
�Pre-authentication
�Load balancingFutu
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Stand-by research
�Power efficient protocols�WiFi, Bluetooth
�Broadcast storm problem
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Energetic model
� The consumption of the wireless interface depends on the operation mode
� Rx, Tx, Idle y Sleep
IdleTx
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� The reception process includes two activities
Reception of own data + overhearing� Juan Carlos Cano, Pietro Manzoni, "A
Performance Comparison of Energy Consumption for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Routing Protocols", IEEE/ACM MASCOTS 2000: Eighth International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, San Francisco (USA), August 2000.
IdleRx
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Path selection based on energetic criteria
�MDR (Minimum Drain Rate) Destino
N1
N2
N5
N4
N7
N8
Fuente
N1 +
N1 +
N1-N2 +
N1-N3 +
N1-N2-N5 +
N1-N3-N4 +
N1-N3-N4 +
N1-N3-N4-N6 +
N1-N3-N4-N7 +
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N3N6 RREQUEST
RREPLYN1-N3-N4 +
N1-N3-N4-N6 +
N1-N2-N5-N8: E.Cost
N1-N2-N5-N4-N7-N8: E.Cost
N1-N2-N5-N4-N6-N7-N8: E.Cost
N1-N3-N4-N7-N8: E.Cost
N1-N3-N4-N5-N8: E.Cost
N1 cache de rutas
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Path selection based on energetic criteria
�MDR (Minimum Drain Rate) Destino
N1
N2
N5
N4
N7
N8
Fuente
N1 +
N1 +
N1-N2 +
N1-N3 +
N1-N2-N5 +
N1-N3-N4 +
N1-N3-N4 +
N1-N3-N4-N6 +
N1-N3-N4-N7 +
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N3N6 RREQUEST
RREPLYN1-N3-N4 +
N1-N3-N4-N6 +
i
Battery
capacity
+
Usage rate
j
N1-N2-N5-N8: E.Cost
N1-N2-N5-N4-N7-N8: E.Cost
N1-N2-N5-N4-N6-N7-N8: E.Cost
N1-N3-N4-N7-N8: E.Cost
N1-N3-N4-N5-N8: E.Cost
N1 cache de rutas
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Obtained results
�Techniques are required to integrate the routing with algorithms of consumption reduction and algorithms for topology control
�This would allow the use of the Sleep mode without affecting the routing activities
30
35
40
45
50
Nú
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de e
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MTPR
MMBCR
MDR
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the routing activities
15
20
25
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Tiempo de simulación (s)
Nú
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Reducing overhearing impact
�Overhearing problem
� Totalenergy = Energytx + N * Energyrx.
(N=number of neighbours)
�Solution: disable the network interface
�� ¿When?, ¿How long?¿When?, ¿How long?
�We use the MAC protocol information
� RTS/CTS
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Proposed solution
�Cluster-based Energy-saving Routing Algorithm (CERA)
includes:�Topology control creating a cluster based architecture
�Power control algorithm which uses clusters to:
� reduce the consumption due to the overhearing activities
� reduce the consumption due to the Idle mode
� Inter- and Intra- clusters routing Dominio
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cluster A
cluster B
cluster C
a
b
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More information…
http://www.grc.upv.es/
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6011 September 2008
