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Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ram Mohun also spelled Rammohun, Rammohan, orRam

Mohan(Bengali:; 22 May 1772 27 September 1833), was an Indian religious, social,and educational reformer who challenged traditionalHindu cultureand indicated the lines of progress for

Indian society underBritish rule. He is called the "Maker of Modern India" and also as "Father of Modern

India".[1]

He is also regarded as the "Father of the Bengal Renaissance". He, along withDwarkanath

Tagoreand otherBengalis, founded the Brahmo Sabha in 1828, which engendered theBrahmo Samaj,an influential Indian socio-religious reform movement during theBengal Renaissance. His influence was

apparent in the fields ofpolitics,public administration, andeducation, as well asreligion. He is known for

his efforts to abolishsati, theHindufuneral practice in which the widow immolated herself on her

husband'sfuneral pyre, and child marriage.[2][3]

Social reforms of Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Roy demandedpropertyinheritancerights for women and, in 1828, set up the Brahmo Sabha, which was

a movement of reformist Bengali's formed to fight againstsocial evils.

Roy's political background influenced his social and religious to reforms of Hinduism. He wrote: "The

present system of Hindus [sic]is not well calculated to promote their political interests. It is necessary

that some change should take place in their religion, at least for the sake of their political advantage and

social comfort."[16]

Rammohan Roy's experience working with the British government taught him that Hindu traditions were

often not respected or thought as credible by Westernstandards; this affected his religious reforms. He

wanted tolegitimizeHindu traditions to his Europeanacquaintancesby proving that

"superstitiouspractices which deform the Hindu [sic]religion have nothing to do with the purespiritof its

dictates! [sic]"[20]

The "superstitious practices" Rammohan Roy objected included sati, caste rigidity,

polygamy andchild marriages.[18]

These practices were often the reasons British officials

claimedmoralsuperiority over the Indian nation. Ram Mohan Roy's ideas of religion sought to create a

fair and just society by implementinghumanitarianpractices similar to Christian ideals and thus legitimize

Hinduism in the modern world.

Journalist[

Roy publishedmagazinesin English, Hindi, Persian, and Bengali. He published Brahmonical Magazine in

English in 1821. One notable magazine of his was theSambad Kaumudi, published in 1821. In 1822,

Ram Mohan published Mirat-ul-Akbar in Persian language.

Brahmonical Magazine ceased to exist after publication of few[weasel words]

issues. But Sambad Kaumudi, a

news weekly, covered topics such as freedom of press, induction of Indians into high ranks of service and

separation of the executive and judiciary. Sambad Kaumudi became bi-weekly in January 1830 and

continued for 33 years.

He published newspaper to register his protest against the introduction of Press Ordinance of 1823. The

ordinance stated that a license from the Governor General in council would be mandatory to publish any

newspaper. When the English Company censored the press, Rammohan composed two memorials

against this in 1829 and 1830 respectively. Being an activist, he steadily opposed social atrocities

likeSatiandchild marriage.

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