Rahul Mali - IDM

8/2/2019 Rahul Mali - IDM

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Rahul Mali

IDM Presentation

M.B.A. 2ndYear

Topics

Understanding Cultures

Limitations of Affirmative Actions

2006 Prentice Hall 3-1


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Key Terms

Culture Savvy A working knowledge of thecultural variables affecting management

decisions

Cultural Sensitivity or Cultural Empathy An

awareness and an honest caring aboutanother individuals culture.


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Culture

The acquired knowledge that people use to interpret

experience and generate social behavior

Cultural knowledge forms values, creates attitudes, and

influences behavior

Characteristics of culture include:

Learned

Shared

Transgenerational

Symbolic Patterned

Adaptive


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Culture of a society Comprises theshared values, understandings,

assumptions, and goals that are learned

from earlier generations, imposed by

present members of a society, and

passed on to succeeding generations.

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Self reference criterion The unconscious

reference point of ones own cultural values


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Parochialism Occurs when a Frenchman, for

example, expects those of French origins in

another country to automatically fall into

patterns of behavior common in FranceEthnocentrism Describes the attitude of those

who operate from the assumption that their

ways of doing things are bestno matter

where or under what conditions they areapplied



Example: Culture and Its Effects on

Organizations



Culture and Its Effects on

OrganizationsOnce upon a time there was agreat flood, and involved in thisflood were two creatures, amonkey and a fish. The monkey,being agile and experienced, was

lucky enough to scramble up atree and escape the raging waters.As he looked down from his safeperch, he saw the poor fishstruggling against the swift

current. With the best ofintentions, he reached down andlifted the fish from the water.The result was inevitable.



Cultural Variables

Never assume that a manager can transplant

American, or Japanese, or any other

countrys styles, practices, expectations, andprocesses

Managers need to develop a cultural profile

that identifies the specific differences found

in each country



Subcultures

Residents of the country only conform to

the national character to a certain degree

Could be from ethnic, geographic, or othervariables

Good managers treat people as individuals

and they avoid any form of stereotyping



Influences on National Culture

Kinshipguides family relationships

Educationformal or informal education ofworkers affects workplace expectations

Economymeans of production anddistribution in a society influences allaspects of the resource allocation

Politicssystem of government imposesvarying constraints on an organization


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Influences on National Culture

Religionspiritual beliefs of a society are sopowerful that they overpower all other culturalaspects

Associationsthe formal and informal groups thatmake up a society

Healthsystem of health care affects employeeproductivity

Recreationthe use, attitude, and choice of howto use leisure time


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Cultural Value Dimensions

Values are a societys ideas about what is

good or bad, right or wrong


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Cultural DimensionsHarmony (flexible, cooperative) vs Control/Mastery

(firm,assertive)

Relationship (accomodating) vs Task (accomplishment)

Hierarchy (respect, seniority) vs Equality (merit, equal

access)

Shame (face saving, ext locus of control) vs Guilt

(personal accountability)

High Context (indirect) vs Low Contact (direct, specific)

Ploychronic (multi tasking, non-linear) vs Monochronic

(time bound)

Group Orientation (we-ness) vs Individual (I, personal

achievement)

Religious (holistic, spiritual) vs Secular (religion separates

from work related issues)


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What is Affirmative Action?

A common misunderstanding:

Reservation of certain facilities to under-privileged minorities

What itreallymeans:

Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act states that: 703 (j) Nothing contained

in this title shall be interpreted to require any employer to grant

preferential treatment to any individual or to any group because of the race,color, religion, sex, or national origin group on account of any imbalance

which may exist with respect to the total number or percentage of persons of

any race, color, religion, sex, or national origin by any employer


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Why create Affirmative Action?

The intended purpose of Affirmative Action is to increase

the opportunity for minority groups

You do not take a person bring him up to the starting

line of a race and say, 'you are free to compete with all the

others,' and still justly believe that you have been

completely fair. President Lyndon B. Johnson, 1965


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Affirmative = Reverse

Action DiscriminationAffirmative action also affects the majority group

i.e. leads toReverse Discrimination.


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Limitations-

Accepting students who cannot meet the minimum

requirements

Scholarships aimed specifically towards minorities

Hiring employees who are not as qualified as

others


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