Quy Trình Sản Xuất Enzyme Pectinase Và Ứng Dụng Trong Làm Nước Quả

7/24/2019 Quy Trnh Sn Xut Enzyme Pectinase V ng Dng Trong Lm Nc Qu

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GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Th Thu Sang

B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THC PHM

KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM

BO CO TIU LUN

MN: NG !"NG CNG NGH #INH HC

TRONG CNG NGH THC PHM

$ %&': (U) TR*NH #+N ,U-T .N/)M. P.CTINA#.

01 NG !"NG TRONG L1M N2C (U+

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#0TH: T N3695 ?@@@?

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M"C L"C

LI M VU44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

CHNG : TWNG (UAN 0X .N/)M. P.CTINA#.444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444?

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44 C]6 %^..................................................................................................................................4

4?4 P3_9 ^'...............................................................................................................................4

44 aE b'c Ed; .9Z7[ S[E%'9;\[:........................................................................................7

1.4.1. Enzym pectinase t ngun thc vt:............................................................................7

1.4.2. Enzym pectinase t vi sinh vt......................................................................................9

1.5. Trung tm hot !"ng c#a pectinase...................................................................................12

1.$. %& ch' t(c )*ng c#a enzyme pectinase...............................................................................12

1.+. Le' fE3 g3' \h ij95 [9Z7[ S[E%'9;\[..............................................................................13

CHNG : CNG NGH #+N ,U-T .N/)M. P.CTIN.A#.44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

2.1. ,gun g-c thu nhn...........................................................................................................16

2.2. h/&ng ph(p nu0i cy 3 mt............................................................................................17

4?4 TkE3 l& & \E3................................................................................................................20

2..1. h/&ng ph(p thu nhn...............................................................................................20

2..2. T m0i tr/6ng nu0i cy 3 mt..................................................................................212... T m0i tr/6ng nu0i cy 3 su...................................................................................23

44 P3J95 S3kS %'93 \E3......................................................................................................24

444 G'm' %3'n6 E3695.........................................................................................................24

444 P3J95 S3kS gQ% %d;..................................................................................................26

44?4 K> %36o% \'6 DE.........................................................................................................30

444 P3J95 S3kS \pE gq...................................................................................................31

44F4 P3J95 S3kS %3r %fE3.............................................................................................33

444 KQ% %d; k' sE..............................................................................................................34

4F4 T36 E3Q S3r %t A#P4NIG.R u?................................................................................34

4F44 +93 3Jv95 %3w' 5';9 96x'..........................................................................................34

4F44 +93 3Jv95 93'n% by 96x'...........................................................................................34

4F4?4 +93 3Jv95 by = z;9 b=6 Ed; x' %


3/47


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?44 G'm' %3'n6 l$ }95 ij95 [9Z7[ S[E%'9;\[........................................................................39

?44 95 ij95 [9Z7[ S[E%'9;\[ \~9 6]% 9JmE 6~..............................................................40

?444 CkE E3Q S3r [9Z7[................................................................................................40

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LI M VU

H!n nay n"#$ %a &ang %r'ng %h( )* +h,% %r-n mnh/ $ng # u %h h nh+ nn

)nh % u$ %/ %h $,$ ngnh )h'a h;$ )< %hu% =$h > ngy $ng +h,% %r-n/ %h?'

& ngnh $@ng ngh! %hA$ +hBm $Cng %ng E"#$ &"F$ $ %n &- $ung $+ $,$ In

+hBm &Jy &K $h% =nh ="Lng/ &M+ m%/ %!n OF &,+ Png nhQng nhu $Ju ngy $ng $a'

$Ka $'n ng"(.

SR =>ng ?nym? %r'ng In u% &( Ing & %rU %hnh +h En %r'ng ngnh In

u% %hA$ +haam% mang O OF W$h )h, O#n.

Tr"#$ &Xy/ nguYn ?nym? $hK yu %hu nhn % %hA$ % &ng %. Ngy nay/

ng"( %a nghZn $Pu %m ra nguYn ?nym? % Inh % +h'ng +h[ &a =ng r\

%n. V &"F$ Png =>ng rng r %r'ng $,$ ngnh In u% )h,$ nhau.

]- h-u IXu h^n nguYn ?nym? ny nhm ?m %hA$ h!n & % %-u Oun 7uy

tr8nh s9n ut enzyme pectinase v;


5/47


CHNG : TWNG (UAN 0X .N/)M. P.CTINA#.

44 .9Z7[ & 5

bnym? +?$%naI? O m% nhm ?nym? %hKy +hXn +?$%n / In +hBm $Ka

u, %rnh ny O a$= gaOa$%ur'n$/ gaOa$%'I?/ araEn'I?/ m?%han'Oc &Xy O m%

nhm ?ym? &"F$ Png =>ng rng r %r'ng $@ng ngh!+ $hd &Png Iau amyOaI?

+r'%?aI?. bnym? ny Ean &Ju &"F$ +h,% h!n %r'ng $,$ =$h $h% %r, $Xy

nh" $ r%/ $ $hua hay & m$h. ]Ju %Zn +h )- &n O +h,% h!n $Ka b.er?m

f1840 %rZn & %"Fng $ r%.

44 C]6 %^

?$%n O +'OyIa$$har=? = %h-/ $hK yu O m% m$h $hWnh gYm $,$ g$

a$= ijiDi1/4 gaOa$%ur'n$/ OZn )% # nhau Ekng OZn )% 1/4il gOu$'$ $_ng; O a$= +'OygaOa$%ur'n$ hay a$= +?$%$. ?$%n? h_a %an %r'ng %A nhZn O

?I%?r m?%yO$ $Ka a$= +?$%$.

Tr'ng %hA$ % )h@ng +h %% $ $,$ nhm illH U 6 $Ka &"(ng gaOa$%'I?

$Cng E m?%yO ha f%' ?I%?r m?%yO$/ m &@ )h m% I nhm illH E

=?$a$E'yO ha f)hR l2/ m% I nhm illH %hay %h H Ekng )m O'/

$Cng $ O[$ gQ nguyZn =ng ill. Ng"( %a $h' rkng +r'%'+?$%n? O hF+

$h% gQa +?$%n? araEan/ gaOa$%'I? hay %nh E%.

Tr;ng O"Fng +hXn %R % 20.000 i 200.000 &.

4?4 P3_9 ^'

bnym? +?$%naI? $ %h- +hXn O' %h?' $^ $h %,$ =>ng $Ka $h[ng:

Nhm 20Trang 5


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B~95 4: P3_9 `^' [9Z7[ S[E%'9;\[

St

t

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h thng)

Enzym(tn

thng gi)h9n c t(c

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gaOa$%ur'n= %r'ng

gaOa$%ur'n= )h@ng %h?' m%

%r% %A n'

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hy=r'OaI?

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m$h $Ka a$= gaOa$%ur'n$

4

'Oy1/4D

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gOy$an'hy=r'OaI?

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)h@ng %h?' m% %r% %A nh%

&nh.

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b'+?$%a%OaI?

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IA %' %hnh 4/5a$==?gaOa$%ur'n$ )h@ng %h?'

m% %r% %A nh% &nh.

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bn='+?$%a%OaI?

fbTb


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%r'ng gaOa$%ur'n$ # IA %'

%hnh n &@ )h@ng %h?' m%

%r% %A nh% &nh

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7

'Oy1/4D

gaOa$%ur'n= m?%yO?I%?r

gO$an'OaI?

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IA %' %hnh n &@ )h@ng

%h?' m% %r% %A nh% &nh

P[E%'9[\%[


8/47


P^`75;`;E%6ng %rZn +?$%$ a$= h's$ +?$%n$/ $Cng &"F$

$ha %hnh ha nhm nh` O ?n='gOu$'I=aI?+'OygaOa$%ur'naI? )-u vv ?'

gOu$'I=aI?+'OygaOa$%ur'naI? )-u vV. bnym? ?n='gOu$'I=aI?'Oym?%hyO

gaOa$%ur'naI? )-u v O ?nym? +'Oym?%hyOgaOa$%ur'naI? =$h h', +?$%n $mP$ & m?%hyO h', $ng $a' %h E %hKy +hXn EU ?nym? ny $ng nhanh

$ng $ h!u u. Tr'ng =ung =$h/ )h $ ms% $Ka ?nym? +?$%n?I%?raI? %h

h'% & $Ka ?nym? ny %h"(ng E gm. bnym? ny r% +h En %r'ng $,$

VSV/ &s$ E!% O nm m$A. niger, A, awamori.

P[E%;%[ `7;\[ {P.L|:[$ %,$ IA +hXn $% $,$ &^n gaOa$%ur'na%? )h@ng E

?I%?r h',. ha ?nym? ?'bw f?''Oyf1/4DgaOa$ %ur'n=? OyaI?

?n='bw f?n='+'Oyf1/4DgaOa$%ur'n$ OyaI? &u %Yn %. ?$%a%? +?$%n

$ O"Fng m?%h'yO %h+ O $,$ $^ $h% %hW$h hF+ h^n $ $h' $,$ ?nym? ny.

N $hung/ $ ha ?nym? ny &u $ )h'ng +H % &a nkm %r'ng )h'ng %

8/011/ &u $Jn 'n a2o&- h'% &ng. ?$%a%? OyaI? )h@ng &"F$ %m %hy %r'ng

$Xy anh/ nh"ng $ U )huBn nm. ,$ ?nym? VSV ng' E' ny &ng

m% a %r_ r% uan %r;ng %r'ng u, %rnh gXy E!nh U %hA$ %/ gXy ra IA +hXn

hKy m@ $Ka %hnh % E'/ Om mm Om m>$ m@ %hA$ %.

Ng' ra $_n $:

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9/47


+hJn ` % E'. b U %hA$ % n $hung $ h'% & % "u %r'ng )h'ng +H h^

)m. ,$ $a%'n )m O' U nYng & %h+/ nh" a2o$hxng hn/ $ )huynh

h"#ng Om %ng nYng & h'% &ng $Ka ?nym?.

$hua $hPa W% nh% ha O' b. b1 b2 &u %ng %r'ng ga

&'n &Ju $Ka u, %rnh $hWn. h E"#$ ' ga &'n $hWn/ nYng & ?nym?

b1 gm ung/ nh"ng b2 %W$h Ou< =Jn $h' &n )h %r, $Xy $ mu &s$ %r"ng

$Ka %r, $hWn. b2 $ )h O"Fng +hXn %R 23)D/ +H % "u 7/6. bnym? ny E

E% h'% 50 Iau 5 +h[% &un U 67'. ,$ 'n a2o Nao Om %ng h'% & $Ka

?nym? OZn % &a U $,$ nYng & 0/005q 0/05q/ %h?' %hP %A.

b $Ka &u nnh O +r'%?n $ )h O"Fng +hXn %R 33)D/ h'% &ng %"u % +H gJn 8. 'OygaOa$%ur'n$ a$=/ O In +hBm &"F$ hnh %hnh =' u,

%rnh &- m?%hyO h', $,$ +hXn %R gaOa$%ur'n$ a$=.

Tr'ng %h% u $hu $ ha I'?nym? b. ha $ $ng )h O"Fng

+hXn %R O 30)D/ nh"ng $ &-m &xng &!n )h,$ nhau: 8/8 9/3. ,$ ?nym?

ny h'% &ng U +H % &a O 7/5. H'% & ?nym? %ng OZn )h %hZm ' =ung

=$h NaO U nYng & 0/2q/ &"a +H $Ka =ung =$h 6/0. ,$ ?nym? ny

E P$ $h EU nhu O'. 'Oy'O $ )h O"Fng +hXn %R %h+/ nh" gOy$?r'O/ Iu$r'I?/ gOu$'I?/

maO%'I? gaOa$%'I?.

b %r'ng u $am $ ha O': & O ha I'?nym? b1 b2 $ )h O"Fng

+hXn %R 36/)D/ nh"ng $ &-m &xng &!n )h,$ nhau O

10/05 11/0/ %h?' %hP %A. +H % "u $Ka b1 O 7/6/ $_n $Ka b2 O 8/0.

Tr'ng %hnh +hJn $Ka nhu %h% u )h,$ $Cng $hPa ha I'?ny?m/

m% %r'ng ha ?nym? ny $ %Wnh En nh!% h^n/ $_n ?nym? )a %h W% mtn $m

h^n )h E %,$ &ng $Ka +r'%?aI?. ] n &nh $Ka ?nym? $ %h- OZn uan &n

mP$ & gOy$'IyO h', $Ka $,$ +hXn %R ?nym?. bnym? En nh!% h^n

?nym? $_n O $ )h O"Fng O 51)D 36)D/ %h?' %hP %A.

Nhm 20Trang 9


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H93 4: u %r[$ $Ka +?$%n?I%?raI? % $arr'%

%,' )z $Cng $hPa ha O' I'?nym?. ,$ I'?nym? $Ka )z $ $ng

)h O"Fng +hXn %R O 57)D $ng &-m &xng &!n O 7/3. Tuy nhZn/ $h[ng

)h,$ nhau mP$ & En nh!%.

o?yga?acturonase:

HJu h% $,$ nghZn $Pu G &u %rZn $^ IU $,$ nguYn VSV. G

%h"(ng &"F$ %m %hy %r'ng $,$ +hJn %% ng' E' $Ka $,$ O' nm

)huBn gXy E!nh/ $hxng hn nh" Sacchromyces gragilis, Aspergillus niger/Lactobacillus plantarum, Cochiliobolus carbonum, Neurospora crassa/ $,$

O'Ascomycete, Phizopus arrchizus, v usarium osyporum. Tuy nhZn/ %r'ng

%hA$ %/ G $Ka %hA$ % E$ $a' &"F$ nghZn $Pu r% nhu U $ $hua $hWn.

,$ ?nym? G %r'ng $ $hua $hWn %Yn % ="# ha =ng/ $ ha &u

O ?n='?nym?.G1 $ )h O"Fng +hXn %R 84)D $ )h'ng 50 E E%

h'% U nh!% & 78'.G2 $ )h O"Fng +hXn %R 44)D $ )h'ng 50 E E%

h'% U 57'. G1 $ & n &nh % &a U +H 4/3/ %r, O G2 n &nh % &a U

+H 5/6.

b'G %hKy +hXn $,$ &Ju )h@ng )hR $Ka $hu{ +'OygaOa$%ur'n$/ %' ra

gaOa$%ur'n$ a$= O In +hBm %hKy +hXn $hm "u %h.SA %hKy +hXn +'Oym?r

ny E g,n &'n $Ka IA %Yn % $Ka $,$ m$h nh,nh %r'ng $^ $h%. qP$ & %hu|

+hXn %ng %d O! # )W$h %h"#$ $^ $h%/ &% % &a # mP$ +'Oym?r h', 20 &

# $,$ ?'G U $ r% &'. H'% &ng $Ka $,$ ?'?nym? Om %ng nhanh

Nhm 20Trang 10


11/47


IA %' %hnh $,$ nhm )hR Om %ng $hm & nh#% $Ka =ung =$h $^ $h%.

SA +hXn hKy +'Oyur'n=? %r'ng u, %rnh $hWn )h@ng gXy ra IA %W$h OCy

gaOa$%ur'n$ a$=/ $hd $ ?n='?nym? G O $ OZn uan.

1.4.2. Enzym pectinase t vi sinh vt

NguYn gu ?nym? +?$%naI? O nm m$/ nm m?n/ )huBn.

Nm m$: penicillium glaucum, p.ehrlichii, p.chrysogenum, p.e!panam,

p.cilrimim, aspergillus awamori, a."oeti#us, a.niger, a.terrus, a.saitoi, a.aureus,

a.oryzae, a.wentii, "usarium monili"orme/c

Nm m?n:saccharomyces "ragilis

V )huBn: bacillus polymy!a, "lavobacterium pectinovorum, $lebsiella

aerogenes%

,$ O' Inh % ny %h"(ng $ %r'ng E ms% %% $ $,$ O' u/ $,$

E +hn )h,$ $Ka %hA$ %. )h u E h" h`ng/ h's$ %hA$ % $h%/ $h[ng I}

$ng $,$ O' Inh % )h,$ +h, hu| nhanh u $,$ E +hn $Ka %hA$ %.

Ng"( %a %h"(ng %hu +?$%naI? % $anh %r"(ng E ms% h's$ % $anh %r"(ng E

IXu $Ka nm m$.

,$ )huBn nm m?n $Cng %ng hF+ &"F$ ?nm? ny a.niger$hK

yu %ng hF+ ra +?$%nn?I%?raI?. con.#iplo#iella, pen.citrimin%' ra $hK yu O

+'OygaOa$%ur'naI?.

Nm m?nsacch."ragilis="(ng nh" $hd %' ra ?n='+?$%n%raI?OmnaI?.

V )huBn bac.polymy!a, bac.speciesO $hK yu %' ra %ranI?OmnaI?.

ectinesterase:

P[E%'9[\%[


12/47


6/5. Tr, O +h % "u $Ka +?$%n?I%?raI? % nguYn %hA$ % %h"Fng &xng O % 6

&n 7/5 i 8.

Nh!% & % "u $Ka +?$%n?I%?raI? % nm m$ O 40 &n 45 0.% 55 &n 620

%h ?nm? E @ h'%/ %r'ng )h & nh!% & % "u $Ka ?nm? +?$%n?I%?raI? %

%hA$ % %h"Fng &xng $a' h^n: % 55 i 600

?$%n?I%?raI? $ %h- nhn &"F$ % $anh %r"(ng nm m$ A.niger $

nh!% & % "u O 30 i 45'/ H'+%p 4/55/5 E @ h'% U 55 62' % %hA$

% f+h'+%p7/58/ %''+%p 5560'. )h nng h'% &ng $Ka $h[ng +h> %hu$ '

nguYn %hu nhn/ mP$ & ?I%?r h', $Ka +?$%n. v'n na%r &s$ E!% O 'n $an/

$Cng nh" $hO'rua $Ka Na/ a I} h'% ha +?$%n?I%?raI? % nm m$

conithyrium #iplo#iella % a.niger.%r, O $,$ $a%'n ha %r 3 4 f%hKy

ngXn n%ra%/ $h n%ra%/ nh@m Iunea% I% $O'rua I} )m hm %,$ =>ng $Ka

+?$%n?I%?raI?

Ng' ra/ ng"( %a & %hu &"F$ ?nm? +?$%n?I%?raI? U %rng %h, &@ng

%h-. ng"( %a $Cng & ,$ O+ &"F$ rkng na% $u %r'ng +hXn %R ?nm? O

+h?nyOaOann.

?$%n?I%?raI? $Ka nm m$ I} %hKy +hXn %r"#$ nh% O nhm

m?%hyO?I%?r nkm U gQa ha nhm $arE'yO %A ='. ?nm? I} %hKy +hXn OJn

O"F% $% OZn )% ?I%?r =;$ %h?' +hXn %R +?$%n. h'% &ng $Ka +?$%n?I%?raI? +h>

%hu$ nhu ' mP$ & ?I%?r ha $Ka +?$%n %| O! %hun ' mP$ & ?I%?r

ha. hxng hn/ & # %,$ &ng $Ka +?$%n?I%?raI? % nm m$ a.niger/ $Jn

%h% +h $ +?$%n ?I%?r ha U mP$ & $a' )h@ng W% h^n 70.

o?yga?acturonase:

HJu h% $,$ nghZn $Pu 'OygaOa$%ur'naI? &u %rZn $^ IU $,$ nguYn

V Inh %. 'OygaOa$%ur'naI? %h"(ng &"F$ %m %hy %r'ng $,$ +hJn %% ng'

E' $Ka $,$ O' nm )huBn gXy E!nh/ $hxng hn nh": saccharomyces

"ragilis, asperigillus niger, lactobacillus plantarum, cochlibolus carbonum,

neurosrora crassa, $,$ O' ascomycete, rhizopus arrchizus v "usariumo!ysrorum.

Nhm 20Trang 12


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H % "u $Ka $,$ +'OygaOa$%ur'naI? $Cng )h,$ nhau/ +h> %hu$ '

nguYn %hu $^ $h%. hxng hn +'OygaOa$%ur'naI? =$h ha

f?n='+'OygaOa$%ur'naI? )h %,$ =>ng %rZn a$= +?$%n$ %h +h % "u nkm %r'ng

)h'ng % 4/0 i 5/5. $Cng ?nm? & nh"ng )h %,$ =>ng %rZn +?$%n %h O $+h % "u %r'ng )h'ng 5/5 i 6. $_n +'OygaOa$%ur'naI? &"(ng ha )h %,$ =>ng

%rZn +?$%n %h +h % "u % 3 i 4 nh"ng )h %,$ =>ng %rZn a$= +?$%n$ %h +h %

"u $a' h^n m% W% U ng 4/4 6

,$ +'OygaOa$%ur'naI? $hK yu En Qng U ng +H % 4 i 6

'OygaOa$%ur'naI? &"(ng ha $hK yu % A.nigernu &"F$ h'% ha

Ekng %hKy ngXn %h $ %h- En Qng )h +Hp 2/5

Nh!% & % "u $Ka &a I +'OygaOa$%ur'naI? nkm %r'ng )h'ng % 40

450.%r'ng )h'ng nh!% & &/ $h[ng %h"(ng En Qng/ nh"ng I} E @ h'%

ha )h U nh!% & 50 55 650.

1.5. Trung tm hot !"ng c#a pectinase

bnym? +?$%naI? $hPa ng $ 8 i 10 _ng 'n )~+ +hWa +h #2 _ng %' %hnh )h? OZn )% # $^ $h%.

Trung %Xm h'% &ng $Ka ?nym? ny $hPa a% amn I+ar%a%?

wyIn?. 1 HI%=n? nkm gJn %rung %Xm h'% &ng I} nh h"Ung &n )h

nng [$ %,$ $Ka ?nym?

Nh!% & % "u $Ka ?nym? +?$%naI? )h'ng % 45 i 550.

1.$. %& ch' t(c )*ng c#a enzyme pectinase

Tr'ng $h En n"#$ u/ ng"( %a IR =>ng $,$ $h +hBm ?nym nhkm ha m>$

&W$h $^ En.

h, L %hnh % E' %hA$ % nhkm nXng $a' h!u Iu% %hu n"#$ u.

wm %r'ng n &nh $h% O"Fng n"#$.

h, L %hnh % E'. T E' %hA$ % &"F$ $u %' Ekng ` % E'

f%hnh % E'. V` % E' nh" m% O#+ %hnh E' ! r% hQu h!u %' hnh $h'

Nhm 20Trang 13


14/47


% E'. ` % E' %hA$ % $ nhu $h% +?$%n/ $,$ $h% +?$%n &"F$ ?m nh"

$h% $m?n% gn $,$ % E' # nhau. h, L IA gn )% ny I} %' &u )!n $h'

$,$ % $h% %r'ng % E' %h',% ra )h` % E'. ,$ $h +hBm ?nym $ $hPa

)h@ng $hd +?$%naI? m $_n $hPa $,$ ?nym %r'ng nhm $?OOuOaI?. ,$ O'?nym ny I} Om +h, L %hnh % E' g[+ u, %rnh %hu nhn =$h % E'

%% h^n.

wm %r'ng n"#$ u. N"#$ u Iau )h &"F$ %,$h )h` % E'

%h"(ng $hPa nhu $h% )h,$ nhau. Tr'ng & $h% +?$%n $hm O"Fng &,ng )-

+?$%n %h"(ng gXy h!n %"Fng & nh#% $a' gXy &>$ n"#$ u.

,$ $h% +r'%?n $ %r'ng E' %"^ng/ mng % E' gan E'. ?$%n $hPa+'OygaOa$%ur'n$ a$=/ araEan gaOa$%an.Tr'ng & O"Fng +'OygaOa$%ur'n$

a$= $hm %# 4060. h E %hKy +hXn/ +?$%n %,$h %hnh ha +hJn:

hJn %rung %Wnh i +hP$ $h% gaOa$%an'raEan

hJn a$= i a$= +?$%$.

Tr'ng E' %"^ng/ +?$%n nkm U =ng h_a %an. Tr'ng mng % E' gan

E'/ $h[ng nkm U =ng )h@ng h_a %an g; O +r'%'+?$%n. r'%'+?$%n U mnggan E' $ $hPa O"Fng )m O' )h, O#n m% O"Fng nhm m?%'$yO &K &-

Om +r'%'+?$%n En Qng. _n +r'%'+?$%n U mng % E' $hPa m% O"Fng )m

O' )h@ng nhu/ $ & m?%'$yO ha $a'. V %h/ % E' %hA$ % $ )h nng

%r"^ng nU %%.

Nu ?nym %ham ga +hXn g +?$%n U gan E' I} Om $,$ % E' )h OZn )%

# nhau %h% u = =ng E mm ra.?$%n %h"(ng $ m OZn )% hy=r' OZn )% nguyZn %R yu h^n I' # $?OOuO'I?. Tham ga +hXn hKy +?$%n gYm

nhu O' ?nym : $?OOuO'I?/ +?$%naI?/c

1.+. Le' fE3 g3' \h ij95 [9Z7[ S[E%'9;\[

T )h +h,% h!n ra ?nym )h nng $huy-n ha $Ka ?nym O' ng"(

& %ng nhanh u, %rnh In u% Png =>ng ?nym %r'ng $@ng ngh!+. S

O"Fng ?nym +h,% h!n ngy $ng nhu I O"Fng ?nym &"F$ Png =>ng '

$@ng ngh!+ $Cng ngy $ng nhu.

Nhm 20Trang 14


15/47


Tr'ng In u% %hA$ +hBm/ ng"( %a %h"(ng IR =>ng $,$ $h +hBm

+?$%naI? ="# =ng %nh )h%. Ng"( %a )h@ng =ng $h +hBm ="# =ng $anh

%r"(ng nm m$ Iy )h@. Td O"Ung $h +hBm +?$%naI? $@ &s$ %rZn O"Fng

nguyZn O!u &?m $h En ' )h'ng % 0.03 i 0.05 &n 0.10.

?$%naI? %h"(ng &"F$ IR =>ng %r'ng $,$ ngnh $@ng ngh+ %hA$ +hBm

Iau:

Sn u% r"Fu ang.

Sn u% n"#$ u n"#$ ung )h@ng $ $Yn

Sn u% $,$ ms% hng % u: n"#$ u $@ &s$/ mP% nh/ mP% &@ng/..

Sn u% n"#$ g )h,%.

Sn u% $ +hZ $ +hZ h_a %an.

T$ O;$ r% = =ng. h@ng nhQng y/

?nym +?$%naI? $_n g+ +hJn $h% r[% &"F$ $,$ $h% mu/ %ann nhQng

$h% h_a %an nQa/ =' & Om %ng %hZm $h% O"Fng $Ka %hnh +hBm.

,$ $h +hBm +?$%naI? =ng %r'ng In u% +h $ nhQng yZu $JuIau:

h +hBm )h@ng &"F$ Om gm $h% O"Fng $Ka ang/ )h@ng &"F$ gXy nh

h"Ung u &n h"^ng mu I$ $Ka In +hBm ngha O $h +hBm +h

&"F$ Om I$h %# mP$ % &a )h` $,$ %+ $h% $ nh h"Ung u &n $h%

O"Fng ang. h +hBm &"F$ &"a ' =$h hay E nghn &- %ng $"(ng u, %rnh I^ $h

u/ %ng nhanh Om %r'ng =$h/ nXng $a' %$ & O;$/ %ng h!u Iu% $hung

Nhm 20Trang 15


16/47


&s$ E!% O h!u Iu% $Ka +hJn %A $hy $ $h% O"Fng $a'. ]- %ng nhanh %%

u, %rnh Om %r'ng =$h %h %"^ng uan h'% & $Ka $,$ ?nym $hWnh nh" ?n='

i qG O 55/0.102 &^n mg +r'%?n $hPa %r'ng $h +hBm/ $_n ?nym O

57/5 &^n mg +r'%?n %r'ng 1 OW% =ung =$h. Tr'ng %r"(ng hF+ ny )h@ng $Jn$ ms% b. Nh"ng nu h'% & $Ka ?n=' i qG U %r'ng $h +hBm O 31/0.10 2

&^n mg +r'%?n %h $Jn $ ms% b # h'% & O 4/1 &^n mg +r'%?n.

Tr'ng In u% ang nh' gQa hm O"Fng ?nym ?n=' i qG a +h $ IA

%"^ng uan nh% &nh. h $h +hBm $ h'% & ?n=' i qG O 28/2.102&^n

mg +r'%?n O 28/7 &^n mg u, %rnh Om %r'ng I} y ra nhanh

h^n )h $ h'% & ?n=' i qG O 25/4.102&^n mg O 55/0 &^n

mg.

h +hBm +?$%naI? $Cng +h %ng & n &nh $Ka ang ngha O +h $hPa

?nym +r'%?naI? # h'% & )h@ng %h+ h^n 120 &^n g %h?' gO'EuOn

140 &^n g %h?' anEumn.

]- %r,nh gXy %n %h% $,$ $h% mu $a ang &` %r,nh u% h!n mu %

%r'ng ang %rng %h h'% & $Ka $,$ ?nym 'y h', %r'ng $h +hBm )h@ng

&"F$ "F% u, 0/1 &^n mg a% aI$'rE$ %r'ng m% +h[% %rZn m% gam $h

+hBm. h +hBm +?$%naI? =ng %r'ng ang u +h E' %'n &"F$ h'% & %r'ng

&u )!n $ $hPa r"Fu f1012 +h %,$ =>ng $ h!u u %r'ng &u )!n

$ & +H nh% &nh. ]- R O =$h h's$ E nghn U %rng %h, =_ng $ %h- =ng $h +hBm +?$%naI?

$ h'% & $a' f12000&g h's$ =ng $h +hBm +?$%naI? )h@ng %an.

hxng hn %r'ng In u% ang nh'/ )h IR =>ng $h +hBm

+?$%azam'rn q10/ ng"( %a %hy $ %h- %ng h!u Iu% =$h %A $hy OZn 32.

Trung Enh %h- %W$h $Ka +hJn =$h %A $hy $ %h- %ng &"F$ 10/ $_n h!u Iu%

$hung $Ka =$h %ng OZn 1 i 2. H's$ )h ~+ E nghn nh' %rng & &"F$ R O

Ekng +?$%n'O %h %hy u, %rnh ~+ %n hnh nhanh h^n. H!u Iu% =$h )h &

%ng OZn 9/6. Vy =ng $h +hBm +?$%naI? I} Om %ng %$ & Om %r'ng

%$ & O;$ $Ka =$h.

Nhm 20Trang 16


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h IR =>ng $h +hBm +?$%naI?/ $,$ +'Om? $Ka =$h nh" +r'%?n/

+?$%n c I} %hKy +hXn Om gm & nh#% =' & Om %ng %$ & O;$. Tr'ng 1 g(

=$h %hu &"F$ % E nghn $Ka nh' $ R O Ekng $h +hBm +?$%naI? I} ua

O;$ 7 OJn nhanh h^n % E )h@ng &"F$ R O.

h =$h )h@ng &"F$ R O Ekng ?nym %h %r'ng u, %rnh Ong/ $,$ h%

Bn &>$ O#n nh` I} E )% %Ka ung. h IR =>ng ?nym %h $,$ $h% $a'

+hXn %R $Ka =$h I} E %hKy +hXn %ng +hJn/ & nh#% E gm/ )% u O %$ &

Om %r'ng &u %ng.

SR =>ng $h +hBm +?$%naI? I} Om %ng $h% O"Fng $Ka =$h u $Ka

ang.

Tr'ng u, %rnh R O E nghn Ekng $h +hBm +?$%naI?/ %hnh +hJn

ha h;$ $Ka E %hay & r% &,ng )- m %r"#$ %Zn O hm O"Fng $h% +h?n'O.

Ng"( %a %hy rkng )h R O E nghn Ekng $h +hBm +?$%naI? I} Om %ng

hm O"Fng $a%?In U %r'ng =$h. h & u, %rnh %rW$h Oy I} "F% OZn %r"#$ u,

%rnh 'y h', $a%?In ngay $ )h nh!% & %ng. ]u ny r% uan %r;ng/ $,$

hF+ $h% +h?n'O &s$ E!% O $a%?In $ $,$ nhm hy=r'O U %rW '$%' %h"(ng $h;a% %Wnh $Ka %amn . Nh" y R O E nghn Ekng $h +hBm +?$%naI? I}

Om %ng g, %r Inh h;$ $Ka =$h u ang.

h@ng nhQng y ang &"F$ +ha $h % =$h E nghn $ R O E

Ekng $h +hBm +?$%naI? I} $hWn nhanh h^n =' & $Jn $h% I#m h^n. Ng"( %a

$h' %hy rkng $h +hBm %hu &"F$ % nm m$/ '%ryOI $n?r?a gXy nh h"Ung

r% %% &n $h% O"Fng $Ka ang/ ang $ h"^ng %h^m mnh =u =' hmO"Fng gOy?rn ?I%?r U %r'ng ang $a'.

h $h En n"#$ u $ %h% u/ ng"( %a %h"(ng IR =>ng $h +hBm

?nym Ea' gYm +?$%n%ran$?Onu%aI?/ h?m$?OOuOaI?/ $?OOuOaI?. Tr'ng &/ ?nym

+?$%n%ran$?Onu%aI? &ng a %r_ uan %r;ng nh%. Tr'ng h{n hF+ $h +hBm

?nym %rZn/ %uy!% & )h@ng &"F$ $ ms% ?nym +'OygaOa$%ur'naI?/ &s$ E!%

)h@ng &"F$ $hPa ?nym ?n='+'OygaOa$%ur'naI?. NhQng ?nym ny %h"(ng

Om gm & nh#% $Ka n"#$ u +h, L & &Yng nh% $Ka n"#$ u.

Nhm 20Trang 17


18/47

Nu@ $y %r'Thu nhn ?ny


CHNG : CNG NGH #+N ,U-T .N/)M.

P.CTIN.A#.

2.1. ,gun g-c thu nhn

T Inh % : Nu U %hA$ % ng"( %a $hd %hy $ m% O' ?nym? %h

U Inh % O m% O' ?nym? r% +h'ng +h[.V Inh % +hXn g +?$%n?

hJu nh" $ ms% U $,$ & =!n nm m$/ nm m?n/ )huBn nh":

Nm m$: I+.ng?r/ I+.'ryaI?/ I+.%?rr?uI/ I+.Ia%'/

I+.a+'n$uIc

Nm m?n: Ia$.?OO+I'=?uI/ Ia$.eragOI/ Ia$.Ou=zg c

V )huBn: a$.+'Oyma/ a$.e?OI?n?uI/ O'I%r=um r'I?umc

2.2. h/&ng ph(p nu0i cy 3 mt

uy %rnh In u%

Nhm 20Trang 18


19/47


T367Q% '93 67 %


20/47


+h"^ng +h,+ %,$h E' %R )h` m@ %r"(ng $hPa %r'ng $,$ Enh $ n[% )Wn. Td

O! nhXn gng ' )h'ng 0/2 i 2. q{ gam E' %R m$ $ %h- $y ' 10)g

m@ %r"(ng.

,u0i cy

,$ )hay $ m@ %r"(ng & $y m$ &"F$ &s% ' +h_ng nu@ $ In $,$

g,.h_ng nu@ $ %h- &u $hdnh &"F$ nh!% &/ & Bm &"F$ %h g.Nh!%

& %hW$h hF+ # &a I m$ O 30320.Nu nh!% & ung ="# 240 %h nm

m$ +h,% %r-n $hm/ Inh E' %R yu/ %h( gan nu@ $y = nh" y I} Om

gm )h nng Inh %ng hF+ bnym?.

[a %rnh nu@ $y nm m$ %rZn E ms% m@ %ru(ng &"F$ $ha %hnh 3 ga

&'n:

Ga &'n 1: h'ng 10 i 14h &Ju: ga &'n ny $ nhQng %hay & Iau:

' %R nm E% &Ju hnh %hnh $ mu %rng h's$ mu IQa.

% &Ju hnh %hnh ?nym/ )h@ng &_ h` +h %h@ng )hW nhu $hd $Jn

Om %h',ng )h'ng 2 i 3 %h- %W$h )h@ng )hW %h- %W$h +h_ng g(. h m@ %r"(ng $_n r( r$/ $,$ %hnh +hJn =nh ="Lng E% &Ju $ IA

%hay &.

Ga &'n 2: )~' = )h'ng 14 i 18h: ga &'n ny $ nhQng %hay &

Iau:

q$ +h,% %r-n nhanh/ h@ h+ mnh/ IF nm $ %h- uan I,% Ekng m% %h"(ng/

O[$ &Ju O O#+ O@ng %^ mu %rng i ,m ngy $ng r/ Om m@ %r"(ng )%E,nh O/ & Bm m@ %r"(ng gm =Jn.,$ $h% =nh ="Lng %r'ng m@ %r"(ng

%Zu ha' nhanh &- +h>$ > $h' $,$ u, %rnh %ra' & $h% %r'ng % E' gng

h@ h+ mnh %`a ra m@ %r"(ng $hung uanh 80 i 90)$aOg(. wm nh!% & m@

%r"(ng %ng OZn 400 450. Th( ) ny $Jn +h %h@ng )hW mnh %# 60 %h- %W$h

)hW1%h- %W$h +h_ngg( &- $ung $+ l2$h' m$ %hU &u l2ra )hU m@

%r"(ng/ &Yng %h( Om gm nh!% & EuYng nu@. Nh!% & EuYng nu@ U ga

&'n ny $Jn gQ U 28 300 & Jm %r'ng +h_ng )h'ng 90.

Nhm 20Trang 20


21/47


,$ O' bnym? &"F$ hnh %hnh %r'ng ga &'n ny/ +?$%naI? &"F$ hnh

%hnh nhu nh% $ $^ $h% $m Png.

Ga &'n 3: )~' = %r'ng )h'ng 10 i 20h: ga &'n ny $ nhQng

En &

u, %rnh %ra' & $h% yu =Jn =' & mP$ & gm $h% =nh ="Lng I} $hm

O. w"Fng nh!% %' ra gm/ )h'ng 15 i 30)$aO)gg(.Th@ng )hW )h@ng u,

20 i 25 %h- %W$h )h@ng )hW%h- %W$h +h_ngg(/ gQ nh!% & EuYng nu@ =uy %r U

300.

Ty %hu$ ' &s$ %Wnh Inh OW $Ka %ng gng m$/ %h( gan nu@ $y $ %h-

)% %h[$ % &-m m O"Fng ?nym? %' %hnh % &a/ bnym? tn &"F$ hnh

%hnh U ga &'n ny.

q@ %r"(ng Iau )h nu@ $y &"F$ Iy )h@ %# & Bm ="# 12/ nghn nh`/

&Ang %r'ng $,$ Ea' +'Oy?%yO?n h's$ gy $hng Bm.Sn +hBm ny O $h +hBm

?nym? %h@.

4?4 TkE3 l& & \E3

2..1. h/&ng ph(p thu nhn

2 O' ?nym?: n E' ng' E'/ m{ ?nym? &_ h` +h $ +h"^ng

+h,+ %,$h %hu nhn rZng:

bnym? ng' E': fgYm +?$%naI? =' Inh % %% ra %r'ng m@

%r"(ng nu@ $y ng' % E'/ %h"(ng h' %an %r'ng n"#$ =' & = %rW$h Oy

%nh I$h.

bnym? n E': O ?nym? &"F$ In u% ra EZn %r'ng % E' Inh %

)h@ng &"F$ %% ra m@ %r"(ng EZn ng'. NhQng % E' Inh % Iau )h

&"F$ nu@ $y I} &"F$ %,$h ra +h, L % E'. q>$ &W$h $Ka !$ ny O g

+hng %'n E $,$ $h% $ %r'ng % E' gYm $ ?nym? n E'. H{n hF+ %hu

&"F$ I} &?m Oy %Xm %,$h %+ $h% nhQng $h% $ +hXn %R O"Fng O#n $_n

?nym? I} &"F$ )% %Ka Ekng $Yn hay mu. bnym? Iau & I} &"F$ &?m %nh

I$h.

Nhm 20Trang 21


22/47


2..2.

T

m0i tr/6ng nu0i cy 3 mt

]- $h% r[% ?nym? % m@ %r"(ng rn ng"( %a =ng n"#$/ $,$ =ung

=$h mu %rung %Wnh/ $,$ =ung m@ hQu $^ f$Yn/ a?%'n.Nhu )% u %hW

ngh!m $h' %hy =ng n"#$ %r'ng m>$ &W$h ny $ )% u %% =- &"F$ =ngrng r %r'ng In u%.Th?' +h"^ng +h,+ )hu$h %,n Ekng n"#$ $ %h- $h%

&"F$ O"Fng ?nym? %rZn 90 i 95 %r'ng n"#$ $h% )h@ng $hPa $,$ %+ $h%

)h@ng %an. N"#$ %h"(ng =ung )hu$h %,n U nh!% & 25 i 28 0. ]- %r,nh %+

nhm nZn %hZm ' n"#$ m% W% e'$maOn h'$ $h% I,% %rng )h,$. D$h $h%

%hu &"F$ $ mu nXu Itm/ )h, %r'ng/ $hPa 10 i 15 $h% )h@ h_a %an &"F$

Om Onh )+ %h( ung 10 i 120.

h"^ng +h,+ %,$h $h% Om Ia$h ?nym? &"F$ IR =>ng rng r nh%

h!n nay O +h"^ng +h,+ )% %Ka ?nym? Ekng =ung m@ hQu $^ f?%an'O/

'+r'+an'O a?%'n. ,$ =ung m@ hQu $^ ny Om gm hkng $ &!n m@

$Ka m@ %r"(ng. nh" %a & E%/ OA$ h[% %nh &!n %d O! ngh$h # hkng I &!n

m#. V y $,$ ?nym?/ $,$ $h% +r'%?n $Cng nh" $,$ $h% $ +hXn %R %h+

%r'ng h! =ung =$h n"#$ i =ung m@ hQu $^ I} %Ka Ong ung.

] h_a %an $Ka ?nym? ' =ung =$h $Yn i n"#$ +h> %hu$ ' nYng & $Yn/nh!% &/ OA$ h[% 'n $Ka =ung =$h %Wnh $h% +r'%?n $Ka ?nym?. ]- %r,nh

Nhm 20Trang 22

.9Z7[ 9y' z&^ .9Z7[ 95^' z&^

h %,$h D %,$h

h +h, L %hnh % E' h@ng $Jn +h, L %hnh % E'Th"(ng Otn $hung # $,$ $h%

)h,$ $Ka % E' Iau )h E +h, L

fa$= nu$O?$/ $h% nguyZn Inh/

O+=c

H@ng Otn $hung # $,$ %hnh

+hJn n E'/ nu $ $hd O m%

?nym? ng' E' )ha$

hd EJn Qng %r'ng m@ %r"(ng

n E'

n $Qng h^n

h"^ng +h,+ %nh I$h )h %hA$

h!n/ uy %rnh $@ng ngh! +hP$

%+/ g, %hnh &%

h"^ng +h,+ %nh I$h = r\

h^n


23/47


m% h;a% %Wnh $Ka ?nym? %% $ +h &"F$ Om Onh ung 3 i 5. h %rn

+h )huy mnh/ )h $,$ ?nym? )% %Ka Ong ung ="# $Jn %,$h Oy ngay.

F& ! tinh sch Enzyme t canh tr/6ng nm m-c.

2... T m0i tr/6ng nu0i cy 3 su

h"^ng +h,+ hu )hW

SA %W$h %> ?nym? %r'ng m@ %r"(ng &"F$ E% &Ju )h IA +h,% %r-n $Ka Inh

% gJn &% &n +ha n &nh/ )h m@ %r"(ng E a$= h', mnh )h O"Fng+h'I+h' @ $^ &"F$ IR =>ng h'n %'n/ +H $Ka m@ %r"(ng nu@ $y %h"(ng

&% % 67.2 O %hW$h hF+. ] # nm m$/ +H )m hm IA %ng hF+ Inh )h

IA %W$h Ou< ?nym? +?$%naI?.h +H =$h +hWa a$=/ ngay $ )h +H nkm

%r'ng )h'ng 4.55.0/ %uy IA %' %hnh Inh )h )h@ng E nh h"Ung nh"ng IA

%' %hnh ?nym? +?$%naI? E )m hm.

V% O!u g?' $y $ %h- O IF nm 24/ 32 48h %u # hm O"Fng % 2

10.] # .ng?r .azam'r/ % O!u g?' $y O IF nm &"F$ K I^ E

%r'ng m@ %r"(ng =nh ="Lng $h' &n )h E% &Ju nP% nanh E' %R/ %h( gan K

I^ E %h"(ng O 3842h.w"Fng IF nm &?m g?' $y %h"(ng O 2. Tr'ng u,

%rnh nu@ $y/ hm O"Fng $,$ $h% h' %an %r'ng m@ %r"(ng gm % 6 ung

$_n 1.51.8

]- %hu $h +hBm )h@/ $Jn %,$h IF nm ra )h` $anh %r"(ng O`ng. @ &s$ $hXn

)h@ng $anh %r"(ng O`ng &n )h hm O"Fng $h% )h@ &% 58 rY Iy )h@ %rZn%h% E Iy +hun. ]u )!n Iy +hun O nh!% & $h% % nh!% & ' +h &%

165180 & & ra &% 6070 & . Th( gan O"u $Ka $h +hBm ?nym?

%r'ng %h% E Iy +hun +h )h@ng u, 7 gXy nh!% & $h +hBm Iau )h Iy

+h )h@ng u, 40 & . h +hBm %hu &"F$ $Jn +h &ng g )Wn &- %r,nh

h[% Bm.

h"^ng +h,+ ym )hW

Nhm 20Trang 23


24/47


q@ %r"(ng: E $K $ 2 fNH42Hl40.75 H2l40.1 al30.3

n"#$ $h% ng@ 0.5

O'I%r=um +?$%n'e?rm?n%an%I 15 $ )h nng %ng hF+ +?$%naI? m% $,$h

mnh m} U +ha %ng %r"Ung $Ka u, %rnh Inh %r"Ung %ng &Yng %h( # IA%W$h Ou< Inh )h. SA %W$h Ou< ?nym? I} % &a %"^ng Png # +ha n &nh $Ka

IA Inh %r"Ung ua 5560h/ +H Ean &Ju $Ka m@ %r"(ng =nh ="Lng O 6.57.0.

V% O!u g?' $y Ean &Ju &"F$ $huBn E U %rng %h, $anh %r"(ng $hPa E' %R

&"F$ $y # O"Fng 4 %h?' %h- %W$h. u, %rnh nu@ $y &"F$ %n hnh U

nh!% & 35

O.e?OIn?um $Cng $ %h- &"F$ nu@ $y ym )hW &- %hu +?$%naI?. Thnh +hJn

m@ %r"(ng gYm $: Oa$%'I? 2 +?$%n $K $ 1 fNH42Hl40.4 2Hl4

0.7 H2l40.3 NaO 0.1 qgSl40.025 ?Sl4=ng % al3

0.5 =$h nm m?n %A +hXn 0.05 aI$'rE$ a$= 0.5

%h- %n hnh %hu $h +hBm % =$h O;$ $anh %r"(ng Ekng $,$h )% %Ka

?nym? # =ung m@ hQu $^ h's$ # mu amm'num IuOea%. Nu )% %Ka

Ekng =ung m@ hQu $^/ +H $Ka =ung =$h & R O O 6.56.8.Nu )% %Ka Ekng

22.5 %h- %W$h a$?%'n %h h'% & ?nym? %r'ng )% %Ka &% 9395 I' # h'%

& Ean &Ju.

h )% %Ka amm'num IuOea% $ & E' h' Ekng 0.2 %h I} %hu &"F$ $h +hBm

$hd $hPa +?$%n?I%?raI? +?$%n%ranI?OmnaI?/ )h & E' h' O 0.91.0 %h I}

%hu &"F$ $h +hBm $hd $hPa +?$%n%r?nI?OmnaI? ?'+'OygaOa$%ur'naI?.

44 P3J95 S3kS %'93 \E3

r% nhu )< %hu% +h"^ng +h,+ %nh I$h )h,$ nhau &- %nh I$h ?nym?.

,$ )< %hu% ny &"F$ ,+ =>ng $hK yu =Aa ' %Wnh $h% $Ka +hXn %R +r'%?n

nh" )W$h %h"#$/ )h O"Fng +hXn %R/ )h nng %W$h &!n/ ... q{ )< %hu% %nh

I$h &u $ "u nh"F$ &-m rZng %r'ng !$ $h% %,$h $,$ O' +r'%?n

?nym? )h,$ nhau. Tr'ng )hu@n )h $Ka Oun n ny/ $h[ng %@ n g# %h!u

m% I )< %hu% $^ En %h"(ng &"F$ ,+ =>ng %r'ng %nh I$h +?$%naI?

444 G'm' %3'n6 E3695

,$ =ng $h +hBm ?nym?:

Nhm 20Trang 24


25/47


h +hBm %h@: $h +hBm %h@ % $anh %r"(ng O`ng $h +hBm %h@ %

$anh %r"(ng E ms%.

h +hBm )< %hu%: O $h +hBm &"F$ %nh $h I^ E/ %r'ng & m% I

+r'%?n ?nym? %+ & &"F$ %,$h ra. Tr'ng $h +hBm )< %hu% %h"(ng $hPa

m% ?nym? $hK yu.

h +hBm %nh )h%: O $h +hBm %r'ng & $hd $hPa m% O' ?nym?

nh% &nh # hm O"Fng $a'.

Th"(ng %nh I$h ?nym? % $,$ $h +hBm ?nym? %h@. h +hBm %h@ %h"(ng

$hPa nhQng %hnh +hJn $^ En Iau:

N"#$ i$hm )h O"Fng O#n nh%.

r'%?n )h@ng $ h'% %Wnh Inh h;$.

,$ %+ $h% % % E' fnu O nguYn &ng/ %hA$ %/ % m@ %r"(ng nu@

$y fnu O nguYn VSV.

bnym? fhay +r'%?n $ h'% %Wnh Inh h;$ $a'.

u, %rnh %nh I$h ?nym? O u, %rnh O' E` Ea +hJn &Ju/ $hd nhn

In +hBm $u O ?nym? m'ng mun f%r'ng & +hJn O#n ?nym? %+ & &"F$

O' E`. V!$ O' Ea %hnh +hJn &Ju )h@ng %h- $ng %hA$ h!n %r'ng m% ga

&'n m +h %hA$ h!n ua nhu ga &'n )h,$ nhau/ U m{ ga &'n/ %a I}

O' E` &"F$ m% +hJn )h@ng +h O ?nym? m'ng mun ra )h` h{n hF+/

)h O"Fng $h +hBm I} gm %h?'.

953Y; Ed; g> %36o% %'93 \E3 %


26/47


TGm tHt 7u( tr8nh tinh sch

444 P3J95 S3kS gQ% %d;

KQ% %d; z95 EkE3 %3;7 b' `sE '^94

,guyIn tHc

bnym? h_a %an %r'ng =ung =$h =Aa ' IA $Xn Ekng gQa OA$ %nh &!n

%"^ng %,$ ) n"#$. SA )% %Ka ?nym? y ra )h %a %hZm mu %rung %Wnh '

=ung =$h # nYng & %hW$h hF+. h &/ ?nym? )% %Ka %hun ngh$h $

%h- %hu O =ung =$h ?nym? Ekng $,$h %,$h fOy %Xm h_a %an O )% %Ka.

Ng' ra/ %r'ng m% I %r"(ng hF+/ )h E Iung mu $_n $ %,$ =>ng Om En

?nym?/ $hng O IA En %Wnh +hXn hKy h's$ nhm Inh %

T(c nhn J't t#a

]- )% %Ka ?nym? $ %h- IR =>ng nhu O' mu )h,$ nhau. Tr'ng %hA$ %/

amm'num IuOea%? &"F$ =ng +h En nh% mu ny $ & h_a %an $a'

%r'ng n"#$/ &% &"F$ OA$ 'n $a' g, %hnh r\. T| %r;ng $Ka =ung =$h E'

h' )h'ng 1.235 gmw/ %hun OF $h' u, %rnh Oy %Xm &- %,$h )% %Ka.

%(c y'u t- 9nh h/Kng

NYng & mu:U nYng & %h+/ IA $ ms% $Ka mu Om En nhm mang

&!n %r'ng +hXn %R ?nym? Om %ng %Wnh %an $Ka ?nym?. h nYng

& mu %ng %h & %an $Ka +r'%?n $Cng %ng. Nu %+ %>$ %ng nYng &

mu %h & %an $Ka ?nym? I} gm ?nym? E% &Ju )% %Ka )h

%hZm mu ' =ung =$h/ m% I +hXn %R n"#$ I} I'Oa% +hXn %R mu TWnh $h% 'n: IA nh h"Ung $Ka mu &n u, %rnh )% %Ka &"F$ ,$

&nh ua %Wnh $h% $Ka $,$ 'n/ %r'ng & &!n %W$h 'n O yu % nh

h"Ung nhu nh%. H!u u nh h"Ung $Ka $,$ 'n Xm gm =Jn %h?'

%r% %A Iau: +h'I+ha%?/ IuO+ha%?/ a$?%a%?/ $hO'r=?c NhQng 'n ="^ng

ha %r m% $ nh h"Ung mnh h^n 'n ="^ng ha %r ha. H!u u nh

h"Ung + %h?' %hP %A gm =Jn $Ka $,$ 'n ="^ng nh" Iau: NH 4o/ o/

Nao.

Nhm 20Trang 26


27/47


Thnh +hJn/ nYng & =$h +r'%?n/ nh!% & u, %rnh $Cng $ nh h"Ung

&n IA )% %Ka +r'%?n. Nh!% & $ng $a' %h %Wnh %an $Ka +r'%?n $ng

gm

h/&ng ph(p ti'n h;nh

NYng & mu % "u $Jn IR =>ng %hay & %y %h?' %ng %r"(ng hF+ &"F$

,$ &nh Ekng %hA$ ngh!m. h %hA$ h!n %hW ngh!m/ $Jn %n hnh E Iung

amm'num IuO+ha%? $hm )huy &u. % %Ka $ %h- %,$h ra Ekng Oy %Xm hay

O;$. h"^ng +h,+ O;$ $hd &"F$ ,+ =>ng )h %| %r;ng $Ka +r'%?n )% %Ka gJn

Ekng # %| %r;ng %r'ng =ung =$h.

Tr'ng m% I %r"(ng hF+/ $ %h- IR =>ng +h"^ng +h,+ )% %Ka +hXn &'n &-

%nh I$h +r'%?n. Ng"( %a E Iung amm'num IuOea%? ' =$h %rW$h &n nYng

& m +r'%?n m'ng mun )h@ng %Ka/ $,$ )% %Ka u% h!n I} &"F$ %,$h E`.

Sau & E Iung mu ' =$h &- &% &n nYng & m +r'%?n m'ng mun )%

%Ka. u $ng/ %,$h %hu nhn )% %Ka.

Lng )*ng trong nghiIn c %h-.

KQ% %d; [9Z7[ z95 i695 x' 36 E

,guyIn tHc

u, %rnh )% %Ka ?nym? =Aa %rZn IA %hay & hkng I &!n m@ $Ka m@

%r"(ng. wA$ &By OA$ h[% %d O! ngh$h # hkng I &!n m@ $Ka m@ %r"(ng.

V y/ )h E Iung $,$ =ung m@ $ hkng I &!n m@ nh` f?%han'O/ a$?%'n?.../

Nhm 20Trang 27


28/47


$h[ng I} Om gm hkng I &!n m@ $Ka m@ %r"(ng/ % & Om gm )h nng

I'Oa% ha $Ka $,$ +hXn %R n"#$ & # +hXn %R ?nym? %r'ng =ung =$h. D'

y/ %Wnh %an $Ka ?nym? gm ?nym? E )% %Ka. H!n %"Fng )% %Ka y ra

%% h^n $Jn W% =ung m@ h^n )h +H =ung =$h gJn # +v $Ka ?nym?.

Aung m0i

r'%?n $ %h- )% %Ka Ekng =ung m@ hQu $^ %an %r'ng n"#$/ nh" ?%han'O/

a$?%'n?/ m?%han'O/ I'+r'+an'O. Tr'ng &/ a$?%'n? ?%han'O O ha =ung m@

+h En nh% %r'ng !$ )% %Ka +r'%?n. Dung m@ IR =>ng +h an %'n/ )h@ng

&$ $ nh!% & E$ $h,y O#n h^n 20'.

%(c y'u t- 9nh h/Kng

W$h %h"#$ $Ka +r'%?n $Cng nh h"Ung &n IA )% %Ka. NhQng +r'%?n

$ )W$h %h"#$ O#n I} %Ka U nYng & =ung m@ %h+ h^n I' # +r'%?n $

)W$h %h"#$ nh`

SA %`a nh!% $Ka =ung m@: )h E Iung =ung m@ ' =ung =$h

?nym?/ nh!% & $Ka h{n hF+ %ng &Xy O m% u, %rnh %`a nh!%. h

nh!% & %ng $a'/ $u hnh )h@ng gan $Ka ?nym? E %hay &

?nym? $ %h- E )% %Ka E% %hun ngh$h

T| %r;ng $Ka =ung m@ $ng nh` %h & nh#% $ng %h+/ )% %Ka $ng =

%,$h

] = m$h $arE'n $Ka =ung m@ $ng = %h )h nng gXy En %Wnh

E% %hun ngh$h $ng %ng.

h/&ng ph(p thc hiMn

Th@ng %h"(ng/ ng"( %a E Iung =ung m@ ' =ung =$h ?nym? # m% %d O!

%h- %W$h nh% &nh. Sau &/ =ung =$h ?nym? $Jn &"F$ )huy &u &- yZn

%r'ng m% %h( gan nhkm %' &u )!n )% %Ka %hun OF. h $,$ ?nym? &

)% %Ka h% %h $Jn +h %,$h ra ngay Ekng u, %rnh Oy %Xm Onh. Tr'ng )% %Ka

tn $_n m% +hJn =ung m@. w"Fng =ung m@ ny $ %h- %,$h ra Ekng +h"^ng

+h,+ E$ h^ U ,+ Iu% $hXn )h@ng

Nhm 20Trang 28


29/47


KQ% %d; [9Z7[ \h ij95 S^`7[< 36 E

,guyIn tHc:

,$ +'Oym?r hQu $^ O =ung m@ $ %Wnh h,' n"#$ O#n. )h E Iung ' =ung=$h $hPa +r'%?n/ $h[ng $ %h- %"^ng %,$ # O#+ ` hy=ra%? Ea' uanh +hXn %R

+r'%?n Om gn )h nng h_a %an $Ka +r'%?n. Nh( &/ $,$ +hXn %R +r'%?n

?nym? I} )% %Ka %,$h ra )h` =ung =$h.

%(c )ung m0i po?ymer hNu c&:

Th"(ng =ng O: +'Oy?%hyO?n? gOy$'O fbG 6000 +'Oy?%hyO?n? gOy$'

f4000. ,h/Oc !iCm:

Tng & nh#% =$h ?nym?/ gXy )h )hn $h' !$ %,$h )% %Ka ra )h` =ung

=$h. Nu IR =>ng +h"^ng +h,+ O;$ &- +hXn rZng/ %h( gan O;$ I} )~' =/ $_n

nu IR =>ng +h"^ng +h,+ Oy %Xm I} %,$ &ng OZn =ung =$h 1 OA$ Oy %Xm O#n.

&u ny r% )h %hA$ h!n )h %r-n )ha U uy m@ In u% O#n. Nu OA$ Oy %Xm

nh` %h $ %h- )h@ng %hu hY h% O"Fng )% %Ka. Th?' %hA$ ngh!m %h & %nhI$h $Ka $h +hBm %ng $hd =a' &ng % 1.16 &n 1.57 OJn. Nh" y/ nhn

$hung %h h!u u $Ka +hu'ng +h,+ O )h@ng $a'.

44?4 K> %36o% \'6 DE

,guyIn tHc:

< %hu% IZu O;$ fO%raeO%ra%'n O u, %rnh +hXn rZng $h;n O;$ $,$ hF+ $h%

Ekng mng O;$ $ )W$h %h"#$ IZu nh` # ,+ Iu% Om !$ ' )h'ng 0/5 i5Ear. ]"(ng )Wnh ma' un %rung Enh % 2 &n 50 nm.

Pt ?iMu ?Qc

Tr'ng +h"^ng +h,+ ny/ % ngn &- +hXn rZng $,$ $u %R O m?mEran?. +

OA$ O &ng OA$ =uy nh% $Ka u, %rnh. q?mEran? $ %h- &"F$ In u% %

nhu O' % O!u )h,$ nhau nh": $?OOuO'I? a$?%a%?/ +'Oyam=?/ +'OyIuOe'n?

hay $?ram$.

Nhm 20Trang 29


30/47


95 ij95 %ng %r'ng ga &'n &Ju $Ka uy %rnh %nh I$h.

q>$ &W$h $Ka u, %rnh O %,$h n"#$ $,$ %+ $h% $ +hXn %R O"Fng nh` %r'ng

$anh %r"(ng O`ng nh" $,$ 'n )m O'/ &"(ng I%/ a$= amn/ +?+%=?c f=_ng

+?rm?a%?. Tr'ng hJu h% $,$ %r"(ng hF+/ ?nym? %nh I$h +h &"F$ gQ O

%rZn E ms% % O!u O;$ f=_ng r?%?n%a%?. V %h/ % O!u O;$ $Jn +h $ )W$h

%h"#$ ma' un nh` h^n )W$h %h"#$ ?nym?.

hJn O#n $,$ ?nym? +'OygaOa$%ur'naI? $ )h O"Fng +hXn %R %r'ng

)h'ng 3080$&afayan . S. $ng IA/ 2005. V y/ &- %nh I$h $anh%r"(ng nu@ $y %hu nhn O' ?nym? ny %h $Jn % O!u $ )W$h %h"#$ nh`

h^n 30$&a. W$h %h"#$ ny )h@ng %,$h &"F$ $,$ +r'%?n %+ f$ )h O"Fng

+hXn %R O#n h^n 30)D E Otn %r'ng $anh %r"(ng.

% u nghZn $Pu $Ka qana$hn .w. $ng IA f1987 )h %nh I$h

?n='GaI? Ekng )< %hu% IZu O;$ IR =>ng IF DaeO' f)W$h %h"#$ 10 $&a %

$anh %r"(ng nu@ $y nm IF'hizopus Stoloni"er $h' %hy/ & %nh I$h $Ka$h +hBm Iau %nh I$h %ng OZn 2/1 OJn # h!u Iu% %hu hY O 89. q%

nghZn $Pu )h,$ $Ka Gan'rI . $ng IA f2000 $ %h- nXng $a' & %nh

I$h +?$%naI? OZn &n 10/4 OJn # h!u Iu% %hu hY )h'ng 83 Ekng )< %hu%

IZu O;$ # )W$h %h"#$ O{ 30)Da. Tuy nhZn/ %r'ng m% I %r"(ng hF+/ !$ ,+

=>ng )< %hu% IZu O;$ )h@ng &% h!u u $a' =' OAa $h;n )W$h %h"#$ O{ mng

)h@ng %hW$h hF+ fDnu D. $ng IA/ 2007.

444 P3J95 S3kS \pE gq

Thu% ngQ I$ ) =ng &- $hd $,$ )< %hu% +hXn %W$h &u $h $h' +h~+ %,$h

E!% $,$ hF+ $h% )h,$ nhau $Ka m% h{n hF+. h~+ +hXn %W$h I$ ) ny =Aa

' IA = $huy-n )h,$ nhau %r'ng m% +ha &ng $Ka $,$ $h% h' %an & &"F$

gn %rZn m% +ha %nh U %rng %h, rn. Ng"( %a %h"(ng $h;n $,$ $h% $ )h

nng )% gn &"F$ # $,$ $h% &nh +hXn %,$h Om +ha %nh. T"^ng %,$ gQa

$h% h' %an +ha %nh $ %h- O %"^ng %,$ h+ +h>/ %"^ng %,$ %ra' & 'n/

Nhm 20Trang 30


31/47


%"^ng %,$ ) n"#$/ %"^ng %,$ )-u rXy +hXn %R h's$ %"^ng %,$ &s$ h!u Inh h;$.

DAa ' $,$ )-u OZn )% ng"( %a $ha ra %hnh $,$ )-u I$ ) Iau:

S$ ) O;$ g?O: fI$ ) O' %r +hXn %R +hXn &'n +r'%?n %h?' )Og.

S$ ) O;$ fI$ ) O' %r )h@ng gan/ O' %r )hu$h %,n hay +h"^ng +h,+

O' %r +hXn %R $h' +h~+ +hXn &'n m% I h{n hF+ +r'%?n %h?' )h O"Fng

+hXn %R $Ka $h[ng. ThA$ % ng' )W$h %h"#$ ra/ hnh =ng $Ka +hXn %R $Cng $

nh h"Ung.Tuy nhZn %h@ng I ny $ %h- E` ua nu +r'%?n %r'ng h{n hF+ O

hnh $Ju. Th?' +h"^ng +h,+ ny/ $,$ O' g?O &"F$ n+ ' %r'ng $% =ng &-

%,$h ?nym?/ $,$ +hXn %R &"F$ %,$h ra =Aa %h?' )W$h %h"#$ hnh =ng $Ka

$h[ng.ha %nh: $,$ h% g?O + $hPa &Jy %r'ng $%.

h $h' =ung =$h $,$ +r'%?n $hy ua $% %h $,$ +hXn %R O#n nh% $Ka h{n

hF+ $ &"(ng )Wnh O#n h^n O{ $Ka +ha %nh/ )h@ng %h- )hu$h %,n ' EZn %r'ng

h% nZn E O' %r $h[ng I} & ra )h` $% $ng # %h- %W$h =$h rRa Ekng %h-

%W$h gQa $,$ h% g?O fV'.

,$ +hXn %R E~/ ng"F$ O/ I} )hu$h %,n % &a ' %'rng h% g?O %h- %W$h

=$h rRa $Ka $h[ng I} Ekng %ng %h- %W$h +ha O`ng $Ka $% fV1.

_n $,$ +hXn %R $ )W$h %h"#$ %rung gan I} )hu$h %,n hn $h ' h%/ %h-

%W$h =$h rRa $Ka $h[ng $ng O#n )h ung &"(ng & f$Ka $h[ng ' EZn %r'ng

h% $ng = %h )W$h %h"#$ $Ka $h[ng $ng nh`.

h"^ng +h,+ O;$ g?O %h"(ng &"F$ Png =>ng &- %,$h $,$ +hXn %R nh` nh" mu

@ $^ $,$ +hXn %R n"#$ %h@ng ua $u %r[$ mng O"# $Ka I?+ha=?. Th"(ng

+h"^ng +h,+ ny $hd Om %ng & $@ &s$ nh"ng gm h!u Iu% %hu hY In+hBm =' $,$ +hXn %R +r'%?n E )M% O gQa $,$ h% g?O.

S$ ) %ra' & 'n: OZn )% 'n.

N5679 %pE:

DAa %rZn IA %W$h &!n $Ka $,$ +hXn %R +r'%?n. h"^ng +h,+ %ra' & 'n &"F$

IR =>ng rng r %r'ng In u% ?ym? %r'ng uy m@ $@ng ngh!+.

TWnh $h% %W$h &!n $Ka +hXn %R +r'%?n $hu nh h"Ung r% nhu EU g, %r +H/

Nhm 20Trang 31


32/47


% & ng"( %a $h;n $h% %ra' & O an'n hay $a%'n.

Tr'ng I$ ) %ra' & 'n/ !$ gn m% +r'%?n ?nym? ' nhAa %ra' & 'n

I} +h> %hu$ ' %rng %h, 'n h', $Ka +'%?n/ $Cng nh" %rng %h, 'n h', $Ka

nhAa %ra' &/ +H/ OA$ 'n nh!% &.

u, %rnh +hXn %,$h %rZn Ea' gYm ha ga &'n:

H+ %h> %hun ngh$h +r'%?n?nym? $Jn %nh I$h f $,$ +r'%?n $ &!n %W$h

gJn gng nhau ' nhAa %ra' & 'n.

hR h+ +h> $,$ 'n & &"F$ h+ %h>.

kng $,$h %hay & +H $Ka =$h rRa I} =tn %# IA %hay & 'n h', =' &

%hay & &!n %W$h %ng $Ka +r'%?n. H's$ Ekng $,$h %ng OA$ 'n %ng nYng& 'n & $nh %ranh. ,$ +r'%?n i?nym? n' $ , OA$ # nhAa %ra' & 'n

yu nh% I} E &By ra %r"#$ %Zn ng"F$ O.

S$ ) , OA$: OZn )% ) n"#$.

S$ ) h+ +h>: OZn )% yu nh" OZn )% )/ n"#$/ OZn )% Van =?r aaOI.

44F4 P3J95 S3kS %3r %fE3

NguyZn O: %r'ng u, %rnh %nh I$h $,$ ?nym?/ &- O' E` $,$ +hXn %R

h' %an nh` )h@ng m'ng mun )h` =$h %rW$h Oy ?nym? nh" O am'n IuOea%

Iau )% %Ka/ =ng m% mu &- )hR h+ %h> ?nym? %r'ng I$ ) %ra' & 'n/

h's$ m% +h %R $nh %ranh %r'ng I$ ) , OA$/... ng"( %a %h"(ng =ng

+h"^ng +h,+ %hBm %W$h.

Th( gan nu@ H'% &ng +?$%naI?

f=h=1g $anh %r"(ng

30 361

32 740

34 1150

Nhm 20Trang 32


33/47


36 1300

38 887

40 288

T[ %hBm %W$h &"F$ $u %' Ekng m% mng E,n %hm f%h"(ng Ekng I'O?+han.

T[ %hBm %W$h $ $hPa =$h $h% ?nym?/ &"F$ &s% ' %r'ng m% =ung =$h

&!m )h@ng &"F$ $hPa $h% h' %an $Jn O' E`.

h% h' %an )hu$h %,n ra )h` mng %h?' $hu Gra=?n% nYng &/ U %rng %h,

$Xn Ekng %h nYng & $h% h' %an EZn %r'ng %[ EZn ng' =$h &!m I} $Xn

Ekng nhau =' & +h =ng m% %h- %W$h O#n =ung =$h &!m %hdnh %h'ng

+h %hay =ung =$h m#.

fNH42Sl4 &"F$ $h' ' %[ %hBm %W$h/ rY &s% %[ & ' =ung =$h $ $hPa

+'Oym?r

$a$E'yO m?%hyO $?OOuO'I?/ +'Oy?%yO?ngOy$'O fbG O nhQng +'Oym?r $ %Wnh

h,' n"#$.

444 KQ% %d; k' `sE

% %Ka , OA$ O +h"^ng +h,+ +hXn %,$h =Aa %rZn IA %' +hP$ gQa m% +h %

, OA$ # +r'%?n $Jn %,$h nkm %r'ng =$h ?nym? %h@/ Iau & +hP$ ny I}

&"F$ )% %Ka Ekng $,$h %hZm ' m% %,$ nhXn hF+ O.

Ogna%? O $'+'Oym?r $Ka a$= guOur'n$ a$= mannur'n$/ %' )% %Ka #

'n a 2o/ &"F$ =ng &- OZn )% # +?$%naI? %r'ng u, %rnh %nh I$h f& %

.ng?r. Nu R O aOgna%? Ekng Ing U nh!% & 75 & I} Om %ng )h

nng $h;n O;$/ $h +hBm ?nym? %hu &"F$ $ %| O! %nh I$h 20 OJn gQ &"F$

83 h'% %Wnh.

4F4 T36 E3Q S3r %t A#P4NIG.R u?

Thnh +hJn # m@ %r"(ng %hW$h hF+ &- $hKng I+.Ng?r $h' +?$%naI? $a'.

4F44 +93 3Jv95 %3w' 5';9 96x'

Nhm 20Trang 33


34/47


]- nghZn $Pu nh h"Ung ny I+.ng?r &"F$ nu@ $y %rZn m@ %r"(ng $ &

Bm 50 nu@ U nh!% & 30' %r'ng )h`ang % 3040 g(.Sau 2 g( ,$ &nh

h;a% & +?$%naI? $Ka $anh %r"(ng.% u %hu &"F$ gh U Eng 3.

ua Eng 3 %hy IA Inh %ng hF+ +?$%naI? $Ka $hKng nm m$ ny y ramnh m} % g( %hP 32 %rU & &% $A$ & ' g( %hP 36.Sau & gm =Jn.

4F44 +93 3Jv95 93'n% by 96x'

I+.ng?r 7232 &"F$ nu@ $y %rZn m@ %r"(ng $^ En $ & Bm 50 U nh!%

&@ )h,$ nhau.Sau 2 g( ,$ &nh h;a% & +?$%naI? $Ka $anh %r"(ng.

Nh!% & nu@ f0 H'% &ng +?$%naI? f=h=1g $anh %r"(ng

28 803

30 1134

32 1351

34 1688

36 764

48 520

()ng: *nh h+ng nhi-t / nu0i 1n sinh t2ng h3p pectinase Asp.niger 45647

Ta %hynh!% & % 3032' O %hW$h hF+ nh% $h' Inh %ng hF+ +?$%naI? $Ka

I+.ng?r 7232.

4F4?4 +93 3Jv95 by = z;9 b=6 Ed; x' %


35/47


55 1355

60 897

65 638

R9ng: Snh h/Kng !" m an !Uu !'n nu0i !'n sinh tVng hOp

pectinase Wsp.niger +2 X+

ua & %a %hy & Bm Ean &Ju $Ka m@ %r"(ng $ nh h"Ung r r!% &n IA hnh

%hnh +?$%naI? $Ka I+.ng?r 7232.H;a% & +?$%naI? mnh nh% )h m@

%r"(ng nu@ $y $ & Bm Ean &Ju O 55.h & Bm h^ %ng h;a% & +?$%naI?

gm & 1 $,$h nhanh $hng/ $hd $_n + d 23 h;$ )h & Bm Ean &Ju 6065.

w"Fng nguyZn

O!u $hPa

+?$%n

H'% &ng +?$%naI? f=h=1g $anh %r"(ng

qT $ $ r% qT $ $K $ qT $ E %,'

0 142 142 142

3 302 296 202

5 621 532 4967 980 820 600

9 1290 1050 726

11 1650 1265 850

12 1400 1500 970

13 1150 1300 1100

14 930 1180 900

15 650 870 800

Nhm 20Trang 35


36/47


Snh h/Kng c#a h;m ?&ng v; ngun nguyIn ?iMu ch


37/47


$huy-n m% %h- %W$h nh% &nh =ung =$h $hPa +?$%naI?.

SR =>ng 9 Enh %am g,$/ m{ Enh $h' ' 50mO =ung =$h +?$%n 0.6 ' %K

m 50 & / %h( gan 15 +h[%/ Iau & $h' ?nym? ' # O"Fng % 0.10.9 mO

E Iung n"#$ $% $h' &K 1mO. Duy %r 9 mtu ny U nh!% & 50 & / %h(gan 1h/ Iau & Om Onh ung 23 & / O;$ ua 2 OJn.

wy 5mO =ung =$h %h ngh!m ny $h' ua nh#% ) &- &' & nh#% %h@ng ua

%h( gan $hy $Ka 9 mtu =ung =$h $hPa +?$%n? &?m %hW ngh!m n %rZn.

444 P3J95 S3kS bx95 E3695{C6uS[E%;%|

NguyZn %$:

ThKy +hXn +?$%n ="# %,$ =>ng +?$%naI?.Sau & =ng uS045 &- )%

%Ka a% +?$%n ="# =ng &Yng +?$%a%fu+?$%a%.H_a %an )% %Ka Ekng NH 4lH

25. ,$ &ng O"Fng &Yng nh( %. q% &^n h;a% &ng +?$%naI? %h?'

+h"^ng +h,+ ny O m% O"Fng ?mym? $ )h nng [$ %hKy +hXn h% 1 mg

+?$%n %r'ng %h( gan 1 g( U &u )!n %Zu $huBn4

44?4 P3J95 S3kS \^ &6:

Th?' +h"^ng +h,+ ny: q% &^n h;a% &ng +?$%naI? O m% O"Fng

?mym? $ )h nng [$ %,$ %hKy +hXn h% 1 g +?$%n? %r'ng %h( gan 1g(

%hnh a$= gaOa$%ur'n$ U &u )!n %Zu $huBn.

Nhm 20Trang 37


38/47


HNG 3: NG DNG bNqb bTvNbS TlNG wqN

?44 G'm' %3'n6 l$ }95 ij95 [9Z7[ S[E%'9;\[

Tr'ng In u% %hA$ +hBm/ ng"( %a IR =>ng $,$ $h +hBm +?$%naI? =u# =ng%nh )h%. Ng"( %a )h@ng =ung $h +hBm ="# =ng $anh %r"(ng nm m$ Iy)h@. Td O! $h +hBm +?$%naI? $@ &s$ %rZn O"Fng nguyZn O!u &?m $h En ')h'ng % 0/03 0/05 &n 0/10.

Tr'ng In u% r"Fu ang/ $Cng nh" %r'ng In u% n"#$ u $,$ n"#$ ung)h@ng r"Fu/ &u $ %h- IR =>ng +?$%naI? m% $,$h h!u u. Nh( %,$ =>ng $Ka

+?$%naI? m $,$ u, %rnh ~+/ Om %r'ng =$h O;$ u r% = =ng/ =' & Om%ng h!u Iu% In +hBm. hxng hn &"a +?$%naI? ' )hXu nghn u/ I} Om%ng h!u Iu% n"#$ u Iau )h ~+ %# 15 i 25. U O} )h $ +?$%naI? +hXng $,$ $h% +?$%naI? m =$h u %r'ng Iu% )h@ng E &>$ O;$ r% = =ng.h@ng nhQng y. bnym? +?$%naI? $_n g+ +hJn $h% r[% &"F$ $,$ $h%mu/ %annn nhQng $h% h' %an nQa/ =' & Om %ng %hZm $h% O"Fng %hnh

+hBm.

TYn % 3 nhm ?nym? +?$%naI? +hXn g +?$%n.

- ?$%n m?%hyO ?I%?raI?- D?+'Oym?aI?- b'?nym +?$%naI?

?$%n m?%hyO ?I%?raI? fb.3.1/1/11: bnym? ny & %ham ga +hXn g +?$%n%hnh a$= +?$%$ m?%han'O. bnym? ny $_n $ %Zn )h,$ O +?$%?I%?naI?

fb.H!u Iu% %hu| +hXn +?$%n $Ka ?nym? ny r% O $a'/ $ %h- &% &"F$98.

Nhm 20Trang 38


39/47


?$%n?I%?raI? $Ka nm IF h'% &ng mnh U +H 35.

ha O' +?$%naI? ny E En %Wnh U nh!% & 80 0.

bym? +?$%n m?%hyO ?I%?raI? %ham ga %,$ &ng ' llH3%h?' $^ $h Iau:

Pectin #epolymease:bym? ny $ %r'ng % E' %hA$ %. Tuy nhZn h!n nayng"( %a In u% ?nym? ny %h?' uy m@ $@ng ngh!+ % nm IF % )huBn. h[ng &"F$ +hXn ra Om 4 O' nh" Iau:

1. bn=' +?$%n %raI?OmnaI? fb/4.2.2.3/ % %% O Tb i +?$%OaI?.2. bn=' +?%n a$= %raI?OmnaI? fb/ 4.2.2.1/ % %% O Tb.3. bn=' i +'Oy gaOa$%ur'naI? fb/ 3.2.1.15/ % %% qG.4. bn=' i +'Oy m?%hyO gaOa$%ur'naI?

.V!$ Png =>ng +?$%naI? &- %hu nhn n"#$ u &"F$ ,+ =>ng OJn &Ju %Zn 'nm 1930. T & &n nay !$ ,+ =>ng ?nym? ny & %rU nZn r% +h En Unhu n"#$ %rZn %h g#. V!$ %hu nhn n"#$ u % %r"#$ &n nay $hK yu

Ekng +h"^ng +h,+ ~+. Nu +?$%n $_n nhu I} %h?' n"#$ u gXy ra h!n%"Fng n"#$ u E &>$/ $ & )?' $a' r% )h O;$ %r'ng.

Tr'ng % E' $Ka u n"#$ $hm )h'ng 9095. Nu %a $hd nghn Iau & ~+

%h %a $hd $ %h- %hu nhn &"F$ )h'ng 6070 O % &a. h %a $h' ?nym?+?$%naI? '/ h!u Iu% ~+ I} %ng 1530. Nhu %r"(ng hF+/ h!u Iu% ~+

%ng &n 50. wu O"Fng $h +hBm ?nym? %nh )h% $h' ' O 0/03 0/05

h's$ $h +hBm %h@ O 0/5 i 2. Nh!% & =uy %r $h' u, %rnh %hu| +hXn O 43 i

45.Th( gan %hu| +hXn O 4 i 8h.=$h u %hu &"F$ Ekng +?$%naI? I} %r'nng

h^n/ )h nng O;$ I} %% h^n h!u u )nh % %hy r.

?44 95 ij95 [9Z7[ S[E%'9;\[ \~9 6]% 9JmE 6~?444 CkE E3Q S3r [9Z7[

Tr'ng In u% n"#$ u r"Fu ang/ !$ IR =>ng ?nym O m% %n E )h'a

h;$ r% O#n.,$ $h +hBm ?nym? &"F$ IR =>ng %r'ng In u% n"#$ u

r"Fu ang $ %h- O m% h{n hF+ nhu O' ?nym? $Cng $ %h- $hd O m%

O' ?nym? rZng E!%.!$ IR =>ng h{n hF+ ?nym? hay %ng O' ?nym?

rZng E!% +h> %hu$ + nguyZn O!u In +hBm $Jn &% %#. Ng' ra/ !$ IR

=>ng $,$ O' $h +hBm ?nym? nh" %rnh Ey $_n +h> %hu$ ' $@ng ngh!

In u% f $,$ yu % )< %hu%.

Nhm 20Trang 39


40/47


Tr'ng In u% n"#$ u r"Fu ang/ ng"( %a %h"(ng IR =>ng m% %r'ng I,u

nhm ?nym? Iau: Nhm $h +hBm ?nym? =ng &- In u% n"#$ u &>$. q>$ &W$h IR =>ng

nhm $h +hBm ?nym? ny O Om %ng h!u Iu% %rW$h Oy &- %hu &"F$ OuFngIn +hBm O#n.

Nhm $h +hBm ?nym? =ng &- In u% n"#$ u %r'ng/ )h@ng $hPa +?$%n.

q>$ &W$h IR =>ng nhm ny O Om %ng h!u Iu% %rW$h Oy %hu| +hXn h'n

%'n $,$ $h% +r'%?n/ +?$%n/ Om gm & nh#% Om %r!% %Zu nguyZn nhXn

Om &>$ n"#$ u. Nhm $h +hBm ?nym? =ng &- Om %ng )h nng &Yng h', n"#$ u %h%

u/ Om %ng )h nng %rW$h Oy n"#$ u. Nhm $h +hBm ?nym? =ng &- In Iu% E,n In +hBm r"Fu ang nhkm Om

%ng h!u Iu% %rW$h Oy $Ka E,n In +hBm. Nhm $h +hBm ?nym? =ng &- ngn $n u, %rnh 'y h', Om $n %rU IA

+h,% %r-n $Ka Inh % hu )hW +h,% %r-n %r'ng n"#$ u/ %r'ng r"Fu ang. Nhm $h +hBm ?nym? =ng ' m>$ &W$h $hng O &"(ng %r'ng In Iu%

Ir' %hnh +hBm.

V!$ IR =>ng $,$ $h +hBm ?nym? +h &"F$ ?m ~% )< O"Lng %rZn $^

IU &s$ &-m nguyZn O!u %r, $Xy $Jn R O.Tr'ng $,$ &s$ &-m $Ka %r, $Xy/

ng"( %a uan %Xm r% nhu &n &s$ &-m mu I$ %A nhZn $Ka In +hBm.

Tr'ng nhu %r"(ng hF+/ !$ IR =>ng ?nym? +h &m E' gQ &"F$ mu I$

%A nhZn Ean &Ju h's$ %' ra nhQng mu I$ %h?' mun Ekng $,$h &u )h-n

nhQng +hn Png ?nym?. Th?' mu I$ %A nhZn/ $,$ O' %r, $Xy &"F$ $ha

Om ha O':

Tr, $Xy $ mu nh%: %,'/ OZ/ nh' %rng/ $hu/ $am/ '/ E"U.. Tr, $Xy $ mu IBm =' $hPa nhu an%an: anh &'/ mn &`/ nh' &`/

mn &?n/ =Xu.. ]- R O u nghn $ mu nh%/ ng"( %a %h"(ng IR =>ng m% O'% $,$

?nym? Iau:- bnym ?n='mG &- Om gm & nh#% $Ka =$h u.- bnym? b Om %ng h!u Iu% %rW$h Oy- bnym? )h,$ nh" $?OOuO'I?/ h?m$?OOuaI?/ +r'%?aI? )h@ng E% Eu$.

?444 95 ij95 E3Q S3r S[E%'9;\[ %


41/47


T $,$ O' u )h,$ nhau/ ng"( %a %h"(ng $h En %hnh $,$ O' n"#$ u

%r'ng/ n"#$ u &>$/ %r"#$ %Zn +h $h% r[% &"F$ =$h u % m@ $^ En/ m@

E &@ )h m@ $^ h;$ nQa. D' &/ h!u Iu% $h% r[% =$h u I} +h> %hu$ '

)h nng %hm $Ka % E'/ $u %' g +hBu %nh $h% $^ O $Ka nguyZn O!u/& nh#% $Ka $hWnh =$h u/ & $h$ $Ka %h% u/ $Cng nh" %hnh +hJn &nh

%Wnh &nh O"Fng $Ka +?$%n $hPa %r'ng =$h E' %r'ng %hnh % E' $Ka m@

u.]- IR =>ng ' !$ $h En n"#$ u %r'ng %h $h +hBm %h +?$%naI? +had

$ ?nym ?n=' ?'+'OygaOa$%ur'nI?/ ?nym +?$%n?I%?naa.Tr'ng $h

+hBm O' ny %h nhQng ?nym a )- %rZn O nhQng ?nym uy% &nh h!u

u $Ka $h +hBm.V ?n=' ?'+'OygaOa$%ur'nI? I} Om gm & nh#% $Ka=$h u/ $_n ?nymb $Cng g+ +hJn a+_ %,$ =>ng $Ka ?nym ny.bnym

+r'%?naI? $Ka $h +hBm I} %hu| +hXn ` +r'%?n $Ka ` nguyZn Inh % E'/ )%

u O Om $h' IA %h',% $Ka =$h u = =ng.SA $ ms% $Ka ?nOuaI?

h?m?nOuOaI? U %r'ng $h +hBm $Cng %% nh"ng )h@ng E% Eu$. )h IR =>ng

$h' $,$ O' u nh" %,'/ OZ %h %r'ng $h +hBm )h@ng &"F$ +h~+ $ ?nym?

+?$%naI?OmnaI? ?nym ny I} +hXn hu| +r'%'+?$%n n gn $,$ % E'

rZng E!% $Ka m@ u O # nhau/ =' & gXy mKn h', m@ u/ Om %ng &

nh#% $Ka =$h u )% u O Om gm h!u Iu% =$h u. Ng"F$ O/ )h IR

=>ng $h' $,$ O' u m;ng nh" =Xu %Xy%h IA $ ms% %r'ng $h +hBm ?nym

Tb O $Jn %h% ?nym ny I} Om mKn h', % E' Om $h' %Wnh $h% %h',%

n"#$ $Ka % E' %ng OZn $_n & nh#% $Ka =$h u O gm ung.Ng' ra/ & # $,$ $h +hBm +?$%naI? =ng %r'ng In u% n"#$ u %r'ng

$Cng )h@ng &"F$ +h~+ $ $,$ ?nym 'y=aI?f aI$'ha%'y=aI?/

+'O+h?n'O'y=aI?.Tr'ng $h En n"#$ u $ %h% %h $,$ ?nym Tb/ h?m?nOuOaI?

?nOuOaI? O O nhQng ?nym uy% &nh h!u u %,$ =>ng $Ka $h +hBm.%r'ng

& a %r_ =tn &ng O ?nym Tb $ %,$ =>ng +hXn hu| +r'%'+?$%n $Ka m@

u. H?m?nOuOaI? ?nOuOaI? I} $ng # Tb Om $h' & &Yng %h- $Ka

n"#$ u $ mu Iang %h %r'ng $h +hBm )h@ng $hPa ?nym ' h',/ $_n $h'

$,$ nguyZn O!u $ $ar'%?n'= an%an %h )h@ng $hPa ?nym +h, hu| $,$

$h% ny.

Nhm 20Trang 41


42/47


]- %hu &"F$ n"#$ u/ %r'ng %r"(ng hF+ $ IR =>ng ?nym +?$%naI?/ ng"( %a

$Cng +h nghn nh` nguyZn O!u u. nghn nhXnh &"F$ &?m R O Ekng

?nym/ Iau & m# &?m ~+ h's$ Oy %Xm.Tr'ng %r"(ng hF+ $ IR =>ng ?nym?/

ng"( %a $ %hZ nghn nh` %# mP$ % &a/ $% Ia' %hun OF $h' %,$ =>ng $Ka?nym m )h@ng IF E %$ ngh}n )Znh =tn =$h u %r'ng u, %rnh ~+ Iau ny.Dng +?$%naI? )h@ng $hd Om %ng h!u Iu% =$h u m $_n &- Om %r'ng

=$h u. h"^ng +h,+ IR =>ng ?nym $ h!u u h^n $.U O} nh( %,$ =>ng

$Ka $,$ ?nym? m $,$ h! )?' $Ka n"#$ u, I} E +h, hu| h'n %'n.Nu nh"

)h Om %r'ng Ekng $,$ +h"^ng +h,+ )h,$ +?$%n E )% %Ka m% +hJn %h )h R

O Ekng +?$%naI?/ +?$%n E +hXn g h'n %'n %hnh $,$ $h% h' %an.V# +h"^ng +h,+ ?nym/ )h mang m% O"Fng %ha $h +hBm I} O' %r &"F$

%r"(ng hF+ Om %r'ng )h@ng h'n %'n.D$h n"#$ u &"F$ R O Ekng $h +hBm +?$%naI? %h"(ng $ h'n %'n

h^n W% $ )huynh h"#ng E &>$ h^n.\u( tr8nh ?;m trong )]ch 7u9 )/=i t(c )*ng c#a pectinase cG thC chia ?;m

giai !on:- Ga &'n E% n &nh h', &"F$ %Zu E-u Ekng IA gm & nh#% m%

$,$h IXu I$ %h"(ng &"F$ g; O %rng %h, +h, L- Ga &'n )% Ong E% &Ju % %rng %h, +h, L )% %h[$ )h )%

%Ka h'n %'n.- Ga &'n $u $ng %h"(ng &"F$ ,$ &nh Ekng IA ng ms% $,$ +?$%n

)% %Ka EU 'n $an. #h ij95 [9Z7 bc \~9 6]% 9JmE 6~ %3;93 %$ &"F$ In u% U nhu n"#$ %rZn

%h g#. Ty %h?' hm O"Fng &"(ng a$= $ %r'ng n"#$ u/ ng"( %a $h

En n"#$ u $ hm O"Fng &"(ng a$= %h+/ ng"( %a E Iung &"(ng a$= &u $hdnh $h% O"Fng $u $ng $Ka In +hBm. Hm O"Fng +?$%n $a' In

+hBm %h"(ng )h@ng $ OF )h & & nh#% $Ka In +hBm r% $a'. V!$ %hKy

+hXn +?$%n $ %r'ng =$h u $_n Om $h' $,$ In +hBm =$h u )h@ng E

&>$.Tuy nhZn/ !$ R O +?$%n Ekng +?$%naI? )h@ng nZn %n hnh +hXn g

+?$%n &n $ng m $Jn +h gQ m% O"Fng nh% &nh %r'ng In +hBm n"#$

u.hWnh O"Fng +?$%n ny I} g[+ $h' $h% O"Fng n"#$ u %% h^n.

Nhm 20Trang 42


43/47


Tr'ng In u% n"#$ u %,' n"#$ u / ng"( %a IR =>ng $h +hBm

+?$%naI? $h' h!u u r% $a'.h R O n"#$ u U 500 %r'ng 2 g(/ h!u Iu%

%,$h n"#$ u %ng 20/ U 37 40 Iau2 4 g( %h %ng 20 i 25.,$ nghZn

$Pu %hA$ % In u% $h' %hy h!u u R O n"#$ %,' r% $a'.hWnh %h/!$ Png =>ng ?nym? +?$%naI? &"F$ ,+ =ung U %% $ $,$ nh m,y In u%

n"#$ %,' %rZn %h g#.Tr'ng )h R O n"#$ u Ekng ?nym? +?$%naI?/ ng"(

%a %h"(ng $h' %hZm aI$'rE$ a$= ' $hng u, %rnh 'y ha $Ka n"#$ u

%,'.R9ng .1. iMu 7u9 _ ?` n/=c 7u9 v; ng ch' phm pectinas

S%% w' n"#$ u H!u

Iu%

f

h%

)h@

f

]

a$=

f

]"(ng

f

?$%naI?

f

h%

$h,%

f

]-m

$m

uan

1 N"#$ u % %,'

a h@ng $h'

$h +hBm

?nym?

E $h +hBm?nym?

71/2

78/8

10/2

11/5

0/53

0/62

6/7

8/0

0/33

0/15

0/04

0/02

4/5

4/8

2 N"#$ u

a h@ng $h'

$h +hBm

?nym?

E $h' $h

+hBm?nym?

49/2

72/4

8/5

10/2

0/91

1/16

5/62

7/4

0/26

0/12

0/09

0/16

3/8

4/3

#~9 6]% 9JmE 6~ 695 95;7 %t i_6 %_7 ;93 b&^ l& S3E z9 %hNg"( %a %h"(ng In u% $ =ng n"#$ u %r'ng n"#$ u &>$ %

$,$ O' %r, $Xy %rZn. Tr'ng u, %rnh In u%/ ng"( %a %h"(ng $h' %hZm

&"(ng &u $hdnh O O"Fng a$= $h' +h hF+.

Nhm 20Trang 43


44/47


,$ O' n"#$ u ny %h"(ng $hPa nhu +?$%n. D' &/ !$ IR =>ng

$,$ $h +hBm ?nym? +?$%naI? = O' E` )h nng gXy &>$ $h' n"#$ u

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\u( tr8nh s9n ut n/=c nho trHng cG _ ?` enzyme pectinase

Nh' &"F$ rRa I$h/ %,$h $ung/ O' h% Ekng m,y ~ $hPa $h[ng ' $,$

%hng )Wn %r'ng %h( gan 6 i 8 g( h's$ $,$ %hng OZn m?n OZn %>$ %r'ng %h(gan 3 i 4 g(. Tr'ng %h( gan O"u %rQ ny/ ng"( %a $h' 0/02 aI$'rE$ a$=/Iau & ~+ %hu nhn =$h nh'. D$h nh' &"F$ Om nng U 80 0/ Iau & Omngu nhanh &n 400/ n"#$ nh' & $h' %hZm 0/01 ?nym? +?$%naI?.

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\u( tr8nh s9n ut n/=c nho !b cG s_ )*ng pectinase

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T1I LIU THAM KH+O

1. 95 !j95 Cx95 N53n #'93 HDE T

Quy Trình Sản Xuất Enzyme Pectinase Và Ứng Dụng Trong Làm Nước Quả

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