0 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n QUN L D N Phan Th Vinh DT: 0983.56.67.78 phanthevinh@gmail.com - ym: ptvinhvn 1 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n C3 - T chc d n Cu trc t chc bn trong v bn ngoi d n Cc cng c trong t chc d n Qun l cc bn lin quan Nh qun l d n Xung t v giao tip trong d n 2 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cu trc t chc d n Trong phm vi t chc m, mt d n c th c t chc theo cc cu trc sau y: T chc chc nng D n nh l cc nhm ring bit T chc ma trn S khc nhau gia cc cu trc l Quyn hn v trch nhim c giao cho nhm d n Knh phi hp, thng tin v yu cu Quan h gia nhm d n v cc n v chc nng trong t chc m 3 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n T chc chc nng d n Gim ciu hnh Nh qun l chc nng Nh qun l chc nng Nh qun l chc nng Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin iu phi D n 4 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n T chc chc nng d n c im chnh: Cc b phn khc nhau ca d n c phn chia v tng cc n v chc nng Knh qun l thng thng u im: Ti thiu s bin ng i vi t chc v nhn vin tham gia d n Chi ph thp, linh ng cao vi nhn vin Chuyn su cc lnh vc c pht trin Cc hn ch: Thiu mc tiu v phi hp km Phi hp km v ng c thp i vi d n Chm tr5 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n T chc theo d n Gim c iu hnh Nh qun l D n Nh qun l Chc nng Nh qun l Chc nng Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin iu phi D n 6 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n T chc theo d n c im chnh: To mt s phn bit v quan h c lp dnh cho d n Bo co trc tip ln lnh o cp cao u im: Ti thiu s ngt qung trong cc hot ng chnh Tp trung mnh, lin kt tt v ng c cao trong d n Hon thnh nhanh chng Phn chia ri ro t t chc m Nhc im: Chi ph cao Gp kh khn s pht trin chuyn mn su chc nng Chia r nhn vin Tnh trng Projectitis 7 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n T chc ma trn Gim ciu hnh Nh qun l Chc nng Nh qun l Chc nng Nh qun l Chc nng Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin Nhn vin iu phid n 8 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n T chc ma trn c im: Hai knh yu cu: theo dng chc nng v theo dng d n Nh qun l d n c trch nhim phi hp v hon thnh d n, trong khi nh qun l chc nng chu trch nhim h tr chc nng cho d n u im: C th phi hp v thc hin tt nht vic pht trin cc u im cua hai cu trc trn Nhc im: Xung t v cng thng gia nh qun l d n v qun l chc nng Vi phm nguyn tc yu cu duy nht 9 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Tnh lin tc trong cu trc d n Thnh vinPart-time Thnh vin Full-time Chc nngMa trnD n iu phiqun lgim c 10 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n La chn t chc cho d n Mi cu trc t chc d n u c cc u v nhc im. Cc iu tra nghin cu c khuynh hng ng h cho cu trc d n v ma trn S la chn tt nht phi cn bng c li ch gia d n v t chc m, v la chn theo cc yu t: Li ch ca chin lc qun l cp cao trong d n Cc c im ca d n: quy m, yu cu k thut, ngun lc, p lc v thi gian v chi ph, s khc bit... Ri ro ca d n v kh nng nh hng Yu cu bn ngoi Tn ti vn ha t chc 19 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc k thut ca t chc d n Phn tch cng vic: m t cng vic, kt qu mong i, k nng v ngun lc yu cu Biu trch nhim: S t chc S dng thng tin Hp d n: Ti liu 20 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n 4. Qun l xung t v gii quyt cc vn trong qun l d n Xung t v Qun l xung t trong d n K nng giao tip qun l 21 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Qun l xung t Xung t: L hnh vi ca mt c nhn, mt nhm, hay mt t chc nhm ngn cn hoc hn ch (t nht l tm thi) mt c nhn hoc t chc khc t c mc ch mong mun. 22 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc kiu xung t C nhn: gia ngi ny vi ngi khc Nhm: gia hai hoc nhiu phng ban/ t chc Ni b: Xung t gia cc c nhn v hoc nhm trong cng mt t chc Bn ngoi: Xung t gia mt ngi (hoc mt nhm, hoc nhiu ngi) vi mt ngi (hoc mt nhm hoc nhiu ngi) khc t bn ngoi d n 23 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc quan nim v xung t (1) Xung t l kt qu ca nhng sai lm trong qun l. Xung t lun lun gy ra nhng kt qu tai hi, chng hn nh: Lm gim nng sut v hiu qu. To ra t tng b phi trong n v. To ra lo lng v lm gim lng nhit tnh. Xung t c th trnh c v loi b tt c cc xung t l nhim v ca qun l. 24 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc quan nim v xung t (2) Xung t l khng th trnh c trong qu trnh pht trin v c to nn bi nhiu yu t xung t c th l tch cc hoc tiu cc cc mc khc nhau. nh hng tch cc ca xung t c th l: Kch thch tng, sng to v mi quan tm. Gii quyt nhng vn tim n. Buc mi ngi phi by t quan im ca mnh v tm ra nhng phng thc mi. To c hi cho mi ngi th thch kh nng ca mnh V vy, xung t cn c kim sot v qun l 25 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Xung t trong cc d n:Chia x kinh nghim Hy k mt cu chuyn v xung t trong d n ca bn. Theo bn, xung t pht trin nh th no? Nguyn nhn ca xung t?26 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc nguyn nhn xung t Giao tip/hiu bit Mc tiu Quy tc/ chun mc Trnh t Gi tr C nhn Ngh nghip a phng/ Dn tc/ Tn gio Quyn li Cc tng v nim tin khc nhau Mi quan tm n kt qu Con ngi Tnh cch Tnh cm Nhng vn /xung t cha c gii quyt trong qu kh 27 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc cch gii quyt xung t RUT LUIRut lui khoi bt ng ang cohoc sp xay ra Chung ta cothnhng bvaqun noi c khng? Ti khng cothi gian nghvno. Tt hn lakhng nn mao him la m cho ng shoc sp ni gin LAM DULam giam hoc tranh tp trung vao cac im khac bit, vanhn manh ti nhng im tng ng Ti nghrng ochlamt shiu lm. Chung ta khng cn thit phai lam to chuyn, chung ta conhiu mi quan tm chung EP BUCAp t quan im cua mt ngi cho ngi khac Hoc lachp nhn quan im cua ti, hoc lati sechon mt cng skhac. Nao chung ta hay bophiu. Hay msach ra vaxem nhng nguyn tc trong onhthnao. Hay i hoi valam theo ykinngi thba. THOA HI P hoc I U NH Tm nhng giai phap mang lai shai long nht nh cho cac bn tham gia tranh cai, c trng hoa bi quan im cho vanhn. Nu ti chp nhn i m nay, anh cothchp nhn im kia cua ti ch? IMTi mt trc tip vi xung t vi phng thc giai quyt vn , tolam cho cac bn lin quan vt qua c nhng bt ng cua mnh Nao hay ngi lai vaxem vn cua chung ta l ag, vanguyn nhn cua vn lachnao? Nhngphngankhacnhaunaoco thgiaiquytvnnay? Chung ta anh giachung nhthnao? Chung ta cothnht trvmt giai phap c khng? 28 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Tm tt cc gii pht gii quyt xung t % cc Gim c d n t chi s dng gii php ny gii quyt xung t % cc Gim c d n thch dng gii php ny gii quyt xung t 70% 60% 50% 40% 30%20%10% 010%20%30% 40% 50% 60% 70% I MT THO HIP LAM D|U P BUC RT LUI 29 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n C4: Lp k hoch v iu phi d n 1. Tng quan v lp k hoch d n 2. Cc cng c c bn trong vic lp k hoch cho d n 3. Biu Gantt 4. Phng php CPM v PERT5. Lp k hoch, iu phi d n vi chi ph v ngun lc hn ch 30 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Chng 4:Lp k hoch d n Tng quan lp KH d n Cc cng c lp KH d n Quan h gia thi gian v chi ph khi lp KH d n Lp lch trnh d n trong gii hn ngun lc 31 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Tng quan v lp k hoch d n Lp k hoch: l qu trnh d kin trc cc vn , phn tch chng, c lng cc tc ng c th xy ra ca chng, v xc nh cc hnh ng hng dn chng t nhng kt qu, mc tiu v mc ch mong mun. Lp k hoch d n: L qu trnh xc nh trc cc hot ng trong mi trng d bo trc hon thnh theo ng trt t cc mc tiu ca d n. Chc nng quan trng nht ca qun l d n 32 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Ti sao phi lp k hoch d n m bo t c mc tiu m bo trnh t cng vic Nng cao kh nng s dng hiu qu cc ngun lc Xc nh thi gian, chi ph, yu cu cht lng Gip vic kim tra v theo di truyn thng tin, giao tip v phi hp tt hn Khuyn khch ng vin Huy ng vn, tm ngun ti chnh cho d n Cung cp d liu 33 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc bc lp k hoch d n Xc nh Mc tiu Xc nh Cng vic T chc Lp KHNgun lc Lch trnh, tin K hoch Kim sot M t chi tit thit k d n 34 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc bc lp k hoch d n Xc nh mc tiu (SMART: C th, o c, phn cng c, thc t, v c gii hn thi gian) Xc nh cc hot ng ca d n (Phm vi cng vic, cc tiu chun v kt qu mong i, cc ngun lc mong i v thi gian yu cu) B nhim nhn s chnh (La chn, trch nhim v quyn hn c giao, tm tt d n) Lp k hoch v phn b ngun lc (Lp k hoch ti chnh, cng ngh, thit b) Lp thi gian biu cho cc hot ng (Biu Gantt, biu cc cng vic chnh, biu CPM/PERT) Lp k hoch kim sot (C cu gim st, cc mc tiu ngn hn v cc ch s, h thng thng tin) Phn tch ri ro v ln k hoch d phng s c 35 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n SPECIFIC MEASURABLE ASSIGNABLE REALISTIC TIME-BOUND i khi l: Achievable hoc Attainable i khi l: Relevant i khi l:Timely Cc mc tiu ca d n cn S.M.A.R.T 36 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n T chc Xc nh nhn s cn thit Tuyn dng nh qun l d n v nhm d nT chc nhm d n Thit lp cng vic/trch nhim/quyn hn cho cc thnh vin trong nhm d n Lp k hoch phi hp hot ng v thng tin vi cc bn lin quan n d n Cng c: biu trch nhim, s c cu t chc, s dng thng tin (bo co) 37 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Lp k hoch ti chnh v ngun lc c tnh ngun lc cn thit cho mi hot ng v xy dng ngn sch d n Thit lp h thng kim sot ti chnh (thc o, trch nhim,) Lp k hoch ti tr (khi no, u, bao nhiu v v ci g) Xy dng dng tin d n Cng c: phn tch dng tin, phn tch ri ro 38 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Lp lch trnh, tin Xc nh thi gian cn thit hon thnh mi hot ng Xc nh mi quan h trnh t gia cc hot ng Xc nh thi im bt u v kt thc ca mi hot ng. Kim tra cc ngun lc khc cn thit hon thnh mi cng vic theo lch trnh. Xc nh biu l trnh cho d n. Nhn dng cc hot ng ti hn v ri ro tin Xc nh mi quan h qua li gia thi gian v chi ph Cc cng c: biu Gantt, CPM, PERT 39 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n C s lp lch trnh d n Mc ch: a cc hot ng ca d n vo mt khung thi gian: m bo c thc hin c m bo hon thnh nhanh nht c th Gip theo di v kim sot vic thc hin u vo: Danh sch cc hot ng (hay WBS) Thi gian hon thnh hot ng c tnh Quan h trc ca cng vic: c lp hay trc sau Cc gi thit: u vo bit v xc nh, ngun lc l sn sng khng gii hn 40 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Kt qu ca lch trnh Kt qu chnh ca lch trnh CPM Biu Gantt cc hot ng vi lch trnh thi gian hon thnh d n nhanh nht c th Thi gian d tr cho mi cng vic Danh sch cc cng vic ti hn Cc kt qu khc: Lch trnh ngun lc s dng (hoc biu ngun lc) Lch trnh chi ph Cc k hoch lch trnh khc (lch trnh kim sot, phn cng nhn s, biu vt qu ngun lc...) 41 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Lp k hoch kim sot d n Xc nh lch trnh v o lng s tin trin cc giai on Xc nh c ch gim st, theo di:Ai, khi no v lm nh th no theo di s tin trin v hon thnh d n Cc tiu chun o lng s tin trin, cht lng v thnh qu Cch thu thp d liu o lng v nh gi Bo co kt qu theo di v c ch hnh ng iu chnh K hoch cc ngun lc kim sot cc hot ng Hot ng qun l ri ro: nhn dng v phn tch ri ro gp phi, xut phng n phn ng vi ri ro 42 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Yu cu ca k hoch tt Ni dung: K hoch phi r rng, khng m h Co th hiu c: mi ngi c th d dng hiu c mc tiu ca mi cng vic v thc hin n nh th no. Co th thay i c: KH d n hiu qu l n d dng thay i, cp nht v sa i. Co th s dung c: KH phi to iu kin d dng cho vic kim sot tin trnh thc hin d n v truyn t thng tin. 43 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Ti sao k hoch tht bi K hoch c xy dng da trn cc s liu khng y hoc thiu chnh xc Mc ch d n khng c hiu thu o tt c cc cp. K hoch khng hiu nhng ngi thc hin d n. K hoch do mt ngi lm cn vic thc hin th bi ngi khc K hoch khng c phn theo di, kim sot v iu chnh. K hoch thiu nhng ch s tin c th, hoc c nhng sai lch 44 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc cng c lp k hoch d n 1. Cu trc phn tch cng vic WBS 2. Ma trn trch nhim trc tuyn LRC 3. Biu Gantt Cc phng php s mng 4. Phng php ng ti hn CPM 5. K thut xem xt v nh gi d n PERT 45 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc cng c lp k hoch d n 1. Cu trc phn tch cng vic (Work breakdown Structure WBS) 46 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) WBS l cng c quan trng nht trong qun l d n, n a ra mt danh sch cc hot ng ca d n trn c s u vo: Xc nh phm vi v qun l Lch trnh hot ng Trch nhim quy nh Ngun lc v ngn sch d kin Theo di thc hin d n WBS l s phn tch mt cch ln lt d n thnh cc b phn (gi cng vic) thnh phn. Mc tiu l: Chia d n thnh cc mc chi tit ph hp Nhn dng tt c cc nhim v vi vic miu t chi tit cng vic v cc c im im u ra Cung cp cu trc c lng cc ngun lc v k nng cn thit. Phn cng trch nhim thc hin 47 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cu trc phn tch cng vic (WBS) WBS l cng c qun l d n quan trng nht, cung cp mt danh sch cc hot ng ca d n, lm c s : Xc nh v qun l phm vi d n Lp thi biu cc hot ng Phn cng trch nhim Tnh ton ngun lc v ngn sch Gim st vic thc hin d n WBS l cch phn tch lin tc mt d n thnh cc hp phn khc nhau. Mc ch ca vic ny l a d n xung mc chi tit ph hp Xc nh tt c cc nhim v c th m t cng vic v cc c im k thut ca sn phm u ra Cung cp mt phng thc tnh ton cc ngun lc v k nng cn thit Phn b trch nhim thc hin d n 48 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Xy dng cu trc phn tch cng vic Mt d n v cc hot ng ca d n c th phn tch theo sn phm hoc theo chc nng yu cu tt c cc bc, c gng phn tch thnh cc thnh t nhng khng qu nhiu (3-5) c th xc nh c tt c cc thnh t v trnh chng cho C th dng qu trnh phn tch khi t n mc chi tit cn thit (ty vo mc ch ca vic phn tch cng vic v giai on d n). Yu cu cp cui ca cu trc phn tch cng vic: M t chnh xc cng vic, kt qu/sn phm v s hon thnh mi gi cng vic Xc nh ngi hay n v chu trch nhim v gi cng vic D ton thi gian v ngun lc cn thit hon thnh gi cng vic Kim sot c vic thc hin gi cng vic 49 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n WBS thnh cng Gi cng vic l mc thp nht ca WBS.Gi cng vic xc nh tt nu nh tha mn cc c im sau: Tnh trng hin thi v hon thnh ca n c th o lng n gin Xc nh c thi im bt u v kt thc Nhm d n, thi gian, chi ph v cc ngun lc khc l quen thuc, d c tnh Nhim v cng vic c th d qun l, o lng v c lp vi nhim v cng vic hay hot ngThng cu thnh nn dng lin tc t khi bt u n khi kt thc 50 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n V d v WBS D n XYZ 1.0 Thit k1.1 To nh 1 1.1.1 Cung ng 1.2 Xy dng 1.3 Kim tra 1.4 Qun l 1.5 To nh 2 1.1.2 To nh 1 1.2.1 To nh 2 1.2.2 To nh 1 1.3.1 To nh 21.3.2 Kho vt t 1.3.3 Cc tin ch chung 1.3.4 H thng inkhn cp 1.2.2.1 H thngkim sot 1.2.2.2 Hng mc 3 1.1.2.3 Hng mc 2 1.1.2.2 Hng mc 1 1.1.2.1 Mt bng 1.3.1.1 Cu trc 1.3.1.2 H thngan ton 1.3.1.3 Cc tin ch 1.3.1.4 Ni tht 1.3.1.5 H thngan ninh 1.3.4.1 Trm inph 1.3.4.2 Nc 1.3.4.3 H thngv sinh 1.3.4.4 Khng kh 1.3.4.5 PSWBS CWBS WBS lun phn nh cch lp k hoch mt d n, c tnh chi ph v qun l d n nh th no Cp 1 Cp 2 Cp 3 Cp 4 51 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Mu WBS ghi theo dng danh sch 1. Nh my nc thi 1.1 Thit k: 1.1.1V xy dng 1.1.2V thit k 1.1.3V cu trc 1.1.4V c kh, v.v. 1.1.4.1 Mc 1 1.1.4.2 Mc 2 1.1.4.3 Mc 3 1.2 Cung ng . 1.3 Ti nh c . 1.4 Xy dng . 52 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n VD gii thiu sn phm mi vo th trng Sau khi nghin cu pht trin, mt cng ty bnh ko bt u sn xut mt dng sn phm mi. Cc cp lnh o xem xt vic gii thiu sn phm mi vo th trng nh mt d n c lp lm ni bt s ra i .Phm vi d n bao gm vic thit lp cc n lc bn hng, mng li phn phi v qung co. Qu trnh sn xut khng l mt phn trong phm vi d n nhng vic ng gi sn phm bao gm c thit k bao b v thit lp phng tin ng gi li thuc phm vi d n.Thit lp WBS cho d n gii thiu sn phm ni trn. 53 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n V d v WBS:Gii thiu sn phm mi 1. Bao b 2. Lc lng bn hng 3. Phn phi 4. Qung co 54 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n V d v WBS: gii thiu sn phm mi 1. Bao b ng gi: Thit k Trang thit b bao gi Hng vo kho ng gi 2. Lc lng bn hng: Ch nh gim c bn hng Thu nhn vin bn hng o to nhn vin bn hng 3. Phn phi Chn nh phn phi Thng lng v k hp ng vi nh phn phi Ch hng ng gi n cho nh phn phi 4. Qung co Chn hng qung co Lp k hoch chin dch qung co Hng qung co tin hnh chin dch qung co 55 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc cng c lp k hoch d n 2. Biu trch nhim trc tuyn (Linear Responsibility Charts) 56 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Biu trch nhim trc tuyn (LRC) LRC l cng c qun l v lp k hoch. N phn cng trch nhim v cc hot ng ca d n cho cc thnh vin d nCu trc thng dng ca LRC l mt ma trn trong ct dc ghi cc thnh vin d n v hng ngang ghi cc gi cng vic ly ra t WBS Cc loi quy c trch nhim hay s dng: chnh, h tr, ph duyt, thng bo, gim st, ... 57 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Chu trch nhim : Responsible ( R ) H tr cn thit : Support required (S)Phi c t vn : Must be Consulted (C) Phi c thng bo : Must be Notified (N) Biu trch nhim trc tuyn (LRC) 58 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n S dng cc m s dng 1,2,3,4,5 Biu trch nhim trc tuyn (LRC) 59 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n VD Biu trch nhim trc tuyn (LRC) 60 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc cng c lp k hoch d n 3. Biu Gantt (Gantt Chart) 61 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n 3. Biu Gantt - L mt k thut trc quan lp k hoch d n, theo di qu trnh s dng cc ngun lc, tin thc hin cc cng vic ca d n.- Ra i vo nm 1918 bi HENRRY GANTT. - Ni dung ca phng php l vic xc nh mt cch tt nht th t thc hin cc cng vic khc nhau ca mt d n trong mt thi k xc nh. - y l cng c thng dng nht trong lp k hoch, qun l thi gian hot ng v kim sot d n 62 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cng c lp k hoch Biu Gantt + n gin + Cc d n t cng vic ng dng Cho bit th t, di, thi im bt u v kt thctng hot ngTng thi gian cn thit thc hin d n Cc hot ng c biu din trn trc tung, thi gian thc hin cc cng vic thc hin trn trc honh 63 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n 3. Biu Gantt Phng php xy dng: Mi ct biu din cc n v thi gian Cc dng tng ng vi cc cng vic cn thc hin.Trn bng mi vch ngang biu din mt cng vic, di ca vch ngang t l vi di ca cng vic, v tr ca vch ngang trn biu ph thuc vo mi lin h gia cc cng vic. 64 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n 3. Biu Gantt: Cn c Thi gian thc hin mi cng vic Cc iu kin trc ca cc cng vic Cc thi hn hon thnh ca d n v ca cc cng vic Kh nng sn xut v kh nng x l cc kh khn trong gii hn v s vn u t thc hin, s gi lm thm 65 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n 3. Biu Gantt Da trn biu , ta c th sp xp cc hot ng theo phng thc trin khai chm hoc trin khai sm.Trin khai sm cho php cc hot ng c th bt u cng sm cng tt min l khng nh hng n cc hot trcchng.Tasccthihnsmnhtcth hon thnh d n. Mc thi gian ny c s dng nh yucuvthihnhonthnhchotrnghptrin khai mun.Trongcchtrinkhaichm,cchotngcthy li li ty sao cho thi hn sm nht c th hon thnh d n khng b nh hng. 66 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n BIU GANTT Hot ng C V ng trc Thi gian 246810121416182022 A-5 B-3 CA8 DA,B7 E-7 FC,D,E4 GF5 Thi gian hon thnh d n nhanh nht l 22tun V D 67 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n 3. Biu Gantt u im: Cng c trc quan, d thc hin Theo di trng thi thc hin cc cng vic Lp k hoch ngun lc, tnh hnh s dng ngun lc Xc nh c thi gian thc hin d n nhanh nht, v khong thi gian d tr ca tng cng vic. Nhc im: Khng ch ra d s tng tc v mi quan h qua li gia cc loi cng vic. Kh khn khi iu chnh biu . Khng ch ra c s khc bit v ngha cc loi thi gian d tr 68 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Gii thiu sn phm mi WBS vi quan h trc sau ng gi A. Thit k h thng ng gi2tun--- B. Lp t h thng ng gi10A C. ng gi sn phm6B, D D. Yu cu v nhp sn phm t ni sn xut ng gi 13--- T chc lc lng bn hng E. Tuyn dng gim c bn hng6--- F. Tuyn dng nhn vin bn hng6E G. o to nhn vin bn hng4F Thit lp mng li phn phi H. La chn nh phn phi cho dng sn phm mi7E I. m phn v k hp ng vi nh phn phi c la chn 9G, H J. Giao hng ng gi cho nh phn phi6C, I Qung co K. La chn hng qung co2E L. Lp k hoch qung co vi hng c la chn4K M. Hng qung co tin hnh chin dch qung co10L 70 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n V d biu GanttMar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb 100%1 90%2 80%34 70%560%67 50%89 40%1011 30%1213 20%1415 10%160%Hng thng 0 4.93 4.59 4.32 7.48 10.21 9.98 13.37 17.74 16.32 10.2 0.86Tch lu 0 4.93 9.52 13.84 21.32 31.53 41.51 54.88 72.62 88.94 99.14 100PLANNED PROGRESS1997TT Ni dung cng vick hoch thc hin d n QC-1 ZONE ti ITALIAN-THAI1996k hoch xy dng 100 cn h nhn vinCng tc chun bPhn xy dngCng tc ng ccXy th tng 3,4 v mi13-Mar-96Cng tc mngXy th tng 1,214-Feb-97Cng tc snH thng thot n- cPhn hon thinLt nnTrtt- ngDn miTrt trn D kin cng vic(%)Lp t ca i v ca sLap t khu v sinhKt thc cng vicLp h thng inLm v- n, trng cy, c71 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n 4. Phng php CPM v PERT Critical Path Method (CPM): ng ti hn 1957 Cc d n bo tr nh my cho cng ty DuPont Tp trung vo mi quan h gia chi ph v thi gian Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT): K thut nh gi v xem xt li d n 1958 US Navys Polaris Missile System Program Tp trung vo d on thi gian khng chc chnng dng s mng 72 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n S mng cho CPM v PERT Cn c vo bng lit k cc iu kin trc, sau ca mi cng vic S mng hot ng trn nt AON (Activity-on-node): l mt s mng m Cc nt l cc cng vic Cc dy cung ni gia cc nt th hin mi quan h trc sau ca cc cng vic S mng cng vic trn dy cung AOA (Activity-on-arc): l s mng m Cc dy cung biu din cc cng vic Cc ht (u v cui cc dy cung) biu din cc s kin quan h trc sau (bt u hay kt thc cc cng vic) 73 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cng c lp k hoch S mng - AOA Cng c m t mi quan h v th t gia cc hot ng/cng vic v thi gian Khi nim +Mi hot ng c biu din bng 1 v ch 1 mi tn +Hai hot ng khng th trng s kin u v s kin cui + m bo logic ca s , mi hot ng a vo mng phi xc nh c: Cc hot ng hon thnh trc n Cc hot ng tin hnh sau n Cc hot ng xut hin ng thi vi n Cng vic thc/ Cng vic o/ Cng vic ch i Nguyn tc xy dng 74 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cng c lp k hoch S mng - AOA +Mi nt biu din thi im kt thc mt s cng vic v /hoc thi im bt u ca mt s cng vic khc+Nu mt cng vic c hai cng vic trc trc tip cng nc th phi ni hai cng vic bng mt cng vic o, c thi gian thc hin bng 0. +S mng ch c mt im u v mt im kt thc +c nh s theo chiu t tri qua phi, t trn xuongs di +Mi tn theo chiu t tri qua phi, khng to thnh vng trn. Nguyn tc xy dng 75 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cng c lp k hoch S mng-AOA Thi gian hon thnh d n nhanh nht L khong thi gian ngn nht t s kin bt u n s kin j L khong thi gian di nht t s kin bt u n s kin j Thi gian sm nht ca s kin j (Tjs ) Thi gian mun nht ca s kin j (Tjm ) P i Tjs= max (Tis + Tij) Tjm = min (Tim Tij) Q i Ts bt u = 0 Tskt thc = Tmkt thc = TG hon thnh d n nhanh nht Tij: thi gian thc hin cng vic ij 76 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n

Thi gian bt u sm cng vic ij Early StartESij = Tis Thi gian kt thc sm cng vic ij Early Finish EFij = ESij + Tij = Tis + Tij Thi gian kt thc mun ca cng vic ij Late Finish LFij = Tjm S mng-AOA Cng c lp k hoch Thi gian bt u mun cng vic ij Late Start LSij = LFij Tij = Tjm Tij Thi im bt u v kt thc cng vic 77 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n

Thi gian d tr t do ca cng vic ij Free Slack Khong thi gian c th tr hon thc hin ij m khng nh hng n s kin j FSij =Tjs - Tis Tij Thi gian d tr ton phn ca cng vic ij Total Slack Khong thi gian c th tr hon ti a ca cng vic ij TSij = LSij Esij = LFij - Eij S mng Cng c lp k hoch Thi gian d tr ca cng vic 78 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n 1. Thi gian d tr t do: L khong thi gian mt cng vic c th chm tr hay tr hon vic thc hin m khng lm nh hng n cc cng vic pha sau n Tsj Tsi Tij 2.Thi gian d tr ton phn: L khong thi gian m mt cng vic c th chm tr hay tr hon vic thc hin m khng lm thay i thi gian hon thnh d n nhanh nht c th Tmj Tsi Tij 3. Thi gian d tr chc chn: L khong thi gian mt cng vic chc chn c th chm tr hay tr hon vic thc hin n m khng lm thay i thi gian hon thnh d n nhanh nht c th ngay c khi cc cng vic pha trc n dng ht thi gian d tr Tmj Tmi Tij Thi gian d tr 79 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n 1 00 2 55 3 56 4 13 13 5 17 17 6 22 22 F=4 G=5 E=7 S mng 80 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n

S mng V D Thi gian d tr ca cng vic 66 1,4 E 113,4D 321,3B TSFSK hiuCng vic 81 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Phn tch s mng Thi gian hon thnh = Max{EF Ca tt c cc cng vic} Cng vic ti hn l cng vic c thi gian d tr bng 0. Cng vic khng cho php tr v tr s nh hng ti tin ca ton b cng trnh ng ti hn (CP: Critical Path). C LS ES = 0. ng ti hn l ng ni cc cng vic ti hn t khi s kin bt u n s kin kt thc d n Tng chi ph bng tng chi ph ca tt c cc cng vic 82 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n V d: s mng - AON A2C6B10J6 D13 H9I6 F4G7 E6L4K2M10 Bt uKt thc 83 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Phng php CPM 84 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Quan h chi ph v thi gian hay rt ngn lch trnh i vi mt s hot ng ca d n, chng ta c th bit: clngthigianvchiphhonthnhtrongiukin lm vic bnh thng Kh nng rt ngn hay y nhanh hot ng v chi ph pht sinh(lmthmgi,thmmymcthitb,thigian overtime, nhn cng tr hon) Yu cu rt ngn thi gian hon thnh d n vi chi ph tng thm l nh nht. Cng c ra quyt nh ch yu l biu quan h chi ph thi gian. D liu u vo: Biu / bng m t quan h trc sau ca d n Chi ph v thi gian hon thnh cc hot ng trong iu kin bnh thng Thi gian v chi ph c tnh y nhanh (rt ngn) (thng tnh cho vic rt ngn mt n v thi gian) 85 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n CPM Quan h gia thi gian v chi ph trong qun l d n Phng php gim tng chi ph ca chng trnh y nhanh Cc bc thc hin V s mng v xc nh ng ti hn/gng trong chng trnh y nhanh Xc nh thi gian d tr cho cc cng vic khng ti hn/gng Xc nh thi gian c th ko di cc cng vic khng ti hn/gng Xc nh tng chi ph c th gim c 86 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n CPM Quan h gia thi gian v chi ph trong qun l d n Phng php rt ngn thi hn hon thnh d n vi chi ph tng ti thiu Cc bc thc hin V S mng v xc nh ng ti hn/gng trong chng trnh bnh thng Chn trn ng ti hn/gng cng vic m chi ph y nhanh mt n v thi gian tng ln t nht rt ngn thi gian Xem c thay i ng ti hn/gng khng, nu c phi xc nh ng ti hn/gng mi Lp li bc 3,4 cho n khi thc hin c mc tiu ca d n 87 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n V d Quan h gia thi gian v chi ph trong qun l d n Hot ng CV trc Lng lao ng KHBT N ln 1N ln 2KHN Chi ph ($) TChi ph ($) TChi ph ($) TChi ph ($) T A-401.50052.00041.00034.5003 B-123.00032.0002--5.0002 CA243.30082.00071.00066.3006 DA,B144.20072.00062.00058.2005 E-355.70071.0006--6.7006 FC,D,E366.10041.00032.00029.1002 GF357.20051.00041.00039.2003 31.00049.000 88 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n 1 00 2 55 3 56 4 1313 51 1717 6 2222 F=4 G=5 E=7 Quan h gia thi gian v chi ph trong qun l d n V D C,D 44.000 F 41.000 C 39.000 A 37.000 A 36.000 F 34.000 G 33.000 G 32.000 31.000 Rt ngn cng vic Tng chi ph min 141516171819202122Thi gian hoan thnh Phng php rt ngn thi hn hon thnh d n vi chi ph tng ti thiu 89 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n 1 00 2 33 3 34 4 99 51 1111 6 1414 F=2 G=3 E=6 Quan h gia thi gian v chi ph trong qun l d n V DPhng php rt ngn thi hn hon thnh d n vi chi ph tng ti thiu 5000 1000 2000 2000 1 1 1 7 7 3 3 1 2 3 1 1 E D B Chi ph c th gim Thi gian c th ko di Thi gian di nhtTSFSCng vic Tng chi ph thc hin l= 49.000 - 5.000 =44.000$ 90 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n V d v rt ngn k hoch

Cng vic Cng vic trc Tg thc hin (tun) Tng chi ph ($000) Thi gian thc hin ngn nht (tun) Chi ph ph tri do rt ngn thi gian ($000/tuan) A B C D E - A - C B,D 7 3 6 3 2 500 200 500 200 300 4 2 4 1 1 100 150 200 150 250 Tm lch trnh bnh thng, chi ph v thi gian hon thnh. Xc nh li lch trnh cc hot ng nu thi gian hon thnh d n gim i 1 tun, gim i 2 tun. Thit lp biu quan h chi ph thi gian 91 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Bi tp p dng CPM Chi phCng C.vicKHBTKHKT rt ngn vicTrc T.gianChi phT.gianChi ph 1 tr/tA-5436 0,5B-5315 0,6CA10457 0,4DB7426 0,5EA6325 0,5FC,D11659 1,5GC,D6346 0,5HE,F5214 1IG4215 92 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Yu cu: - V s mng? - Hy xc nh thi gian thc hin d n nhanh nht, tng chi ph k hoch bnh thng v khn trng, thi gian d tr ca cc cng vic? - V biu quan h gia thi gian v chi ph hon thnh d n? Bi tp p dng 93 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Phng php PERT 94 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n PERT Nhn dng cc hot ng v quan h trc sau Vi mi hot ng a ra ba thi gian d kin: thi gian thng gp nht, tt nht v xu nht. Thi gian k vng s l trung bnh trng s ca ba thi gian trn (vi trng s 4, 1, 1, theo quy lut phn phi xc sut beta) p dng qu trnh lp lch trnh vi thi gian trung bnh tnh ton c k vng thi gian hon thnh ca d n.Tng cc phng sai ca ng ti hn l phng sai thi gian hon thnh d n d kin, theo quy lut phn phi chun. 95 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Phng php PERT XC NH THI GIAN K VNG Cng thc Te a + 4 m + b Te =6 a: Thi gian thun li (thi gian ngn nht hon thnh cng vic trong cc iu kin thun li nht) m: Thi gian bnh thng (thi gian thng t c khi cng vic c thc hin) b: Thi gian bt li (thi gian di nht v phi thc hin cng vic trong hon cnh kh khn nht) Te: Thi gian trung bnh thc hin mi cng vic 96 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Gi tr lch chun ca cc cng vic Thi gian d kin hon thnh ton b d n vi D l di thi gian hon thnh cc cng vic gng i:l cc cng vic gng 97 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n V d PERTCng vic hon thnh Thi gian lc quan Thi gian d xy ra Thi gian bi quan Cng vic trc A102222- B202020- C41016- D21432A E8820B,C F81420B,C G444B,C H21216C I61638G,H J2814D,E 98 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cng vicThi gian k vng Te Phng sai lch chun A2042 B2000 C1042 D15255 E1242 F1442 G400 H115.42.32 I1828.45.33 J842 99 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Hn ch ca CPM/PERT i hi phi c nhng gi nh (nhiu khi khng thc t). V d nh:D n c xc nh hon ton theo mt trnh t cng vic c th xc nh c v bit trc mi quan hgia cc cng vic c lp Thi gian thc hin cng vic c lp v c th d bo c chnh xc100 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Lch trnh d n khigii hn ngun lc 101 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Lp lch trnh d n vi ngun lc gii hn Mc ch: lp lch trnh cc hot ng m yu cu s dng cc ngun lc trong mt s trng hp l khng c chp nhn Hng dn: V s vi ngun lc b vt qu cho ngun lc b ti hn. Khi mt ngun lc yu cu vt qu kh nng cung cp, cgngiuchnhlchtrnhcacngvicviccthi gian d tr. Nu nh c nhiu hn mt ngun lc cn iu chnh, hy lm tng ngun lc. Ghinh:lplchtrnhvingunlcbgiihnviphn mm MS Project l ph hp nht 102 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n V d vt qu ngun lc S cng nhn c th: 10 Xc nh lch trnh c th thc hin. Thi gian hon thnh d n? Cng vic Cv trcThi gian (tun) Yu cu s cng nhn A B C D E F G --- --- --- A C A B,D,E 2 6 4 3 5 4 2 3 5 4 2 4 2 6 103 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Biu ngun lc vt qu 500%1,000%1,500%Peak Units:lOverallocated: Allocated:27 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5August September1,200% 1,200% 1,300% 1,300% 1,300% 1,100% 400% 400% 400% 600% 600%104 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Ngun lc iu chnh 300%600%900%1,200%Peak Units:lOverallocated: Allocated:27 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5August September700% 700% 900% 900% 900% 900% 900% 900% 800% 400% 400% 800%105 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Chng 5Kim sot d n 1. Khi nim v ni dung kim sot d n 2. Cc dng kim sot d n 3. Cc bc trong qu trnh kim sot 4. Phng php kim sot truyn thng theo chi ph 5. Phng php gi tr lm ra 106 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Khi nim v ni dung kim sot Kim sot d n l qu trnh gm 3 bc: Thu thp thng tin (Thu thp d liu v thng tin v vic thc hin d n v cc thay i v mi trng):+ Tin + Chi ph + Thnh qu (cc yu cu v k thut) So snh cc thng tin ny vi k hoch v cc yu cu ra Thc hin cc bin php sa i, hiu chnh nhm mc ch t c yu cu ra 107 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc bc trong qu trnh kim sot Bc 1: Thit lp cc tiu chun yu cu i vi d n + Cc c trng k thut (nm trong h s thit k nu c sa i phi c bn bc v ghi thnh vn bn) + Ngn sch ca d n + Cc chi ph + Cc ngun lc yu cu Bc 2: Gim st (monitoring) + Quan st cc cng vic c thc hin trong thc t Bc 3: So snh, d bo + So snh cc tiu chun yu cu v cc cng vic c thc hin trong thc t tnh cho n ngy thc hin kim tra. + c tnh thi gian v chi ph hon thnh cc cng vic cn li hon tt ton b d n. Bc 4: iu chnh + Thc hin cc bin php sa cha, hiu chnh khi cc kt qu thc t c s khc bit so vi cc tiu chun ra. 108 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Khi nim v ni dung kim sot Kim sot d n cn bao gm cc khi nim: Theo di d n: l qu trnh thu thp thng xuyn cc d liu chnh xc theo thi gian v vic thc hin d n. i khi, trong nhng d n pht trin, c s dngtheo ngha kim sot d n nh gi d n: l qu trnh xc nh tnh hiu qu v tc ng cc hot ng ca d n da trn mc tiu, mc ch ca d n (mt cch h thng v khch quan) 109 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc dng kim sot Theo thnh phn kim sot d n C 3 thnh phn ca kim sot d n: thi gian (time), chi ph (cost) v yu cu k thut (technical requirements) c 3 dng kim sot tng ng l: Kim sot thi gian (tin ) Kim sot chi ph Kim sot cc yu cu v cht lng Ch : mi quan h gia cc ch tiu kim sat 110 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc dng kim sot Bn quy nh v thc hin kim sot: + Kim sot bn trong (internal control): h thng v quy trnh gim st do pha thc hin d n+ Kim sot bn ngoi (external control): cc quy trnh v tiu chun kim sot c n nh bi khch hng. M hnh ca h thng kim sot: + H thng n gin (simple system) c mt chu trnh phn hi thng tin + H thng phc tp, cao cp (high level system): nhiu chu trnh phn hi thng tin, c th iu chnh mc tiu/tiu chun cc h thng gim st ph 111 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n H thng kim sot d n u vo Hot ng D n u ra Theo diSo snh K hoch Thc hin D n Mi trng 112 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Ti sao cn kim sot d n? m bo d n t c mc tiu lp k hoch hoc chp nhn c v thi gian, ngn sch v cht lng hon thnh.. Phthinsmccvnhnhngnhmcthnmbt c chng H tr s gii trnh, thng tin vi cc bn lin quan, ng thi lm tng ln s tham gia v ng gp ca h. ngvinnhnvinvtikhngnhnggpvomc tiu ca d n. Thu c cc bi hc cho cc d n khc (hin ti v tng lai) Tng cng s hiu bit ca cc bn tham gia, ng thi gip h xy dng nng lc 113 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Bn lin quan d n: kim sot ai? Ghi ch: cc bn lin quan khc nhau cn cc thng tin khc nhau vi cc mc ch, nh dng khc nhau Cn cung cp thng tin kim sot cho ai? Nhm qun l d n Ch s hu d n (khch hng, qun l cp cao) Nh u t, ngn hng, nh ti tr T chc chnh ph Nhm s dng, cng ng, phng tin thng tin i chng, v cc nhm quan tm khc T vn nh thu nh cung cp Vi mi mt bn lin quan,cn phi xem xt: H cn bit g?cn cung cp g? Vi mc ch g th no? Chng ta cn thng tin g v h? Bo co thng tin g v nh th no? 114 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n C ch v yu cu kim sot d n c bn C ch kim sot ph bin: Bo co tin trnh theo thi k: thc hin d n hin nay v k hoch (bo co bi thc hin), cc thay i ca mi trng T chc hp kim tra tin trnh u n: e kp d n, cc bn lin quan chnh trong v ngoi. Tho lun khng chnh thc,tham quan c s, kim ton, kim tra bn trong... Yu cu thng tin cho kim sot d n: Tnh thi gian: d chun on, o lng R rng: d dng trong vic hiu ca cc bn lin quan Pht hin: quyn u tin ng n: lin kt d liu v thng tin, gi ci thi gian b gi li 115 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc thnh phn ca kim sot d n Kim sot phm vi, thnh qu v cht lng: Phm vi v cht lng cng vic, c trng v tiu chun u ra Thay i phm vi, vn v cht lng, nguyn nhn, hnh ng u c ghi nhn Kim sot tin trnh So snh k hoch v tin trnh thc t: tr hon, nguyn nhn v hot ng iu chnh D bo thi gian hon thnh d n Kim sot chi ph So snh k hoch v chi ph thc t: vt chi hay di d chi, cc nguyn nhn v hot ng iu chnh Kim sot ngn sch v b sung D bo chi ph thc t khi hon thnh Theo di mi trng: S thay i cc iu kin lm vic bn trong v bn ngoi, cc tc ng hin ti v tng lai vi thnh qu ca d n Kim tra cc gi thit thit k d n Quan h vi cc bn lin quan 116 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Kim sot phm vi, thnh qu v cht lng Kim sot phm vi (hay qun l phm vi): K hoch cho cc thay i phm vi c th (c ch yu cu v ph quyt) Nhn dng, loi tr v theo di s thay i phm vi Bo co s thay i Qun l cht lng v thnh qu: Thit lp cc tiu chun cht lng (cng vic v u ra) K hoch theo di v kim sot cht lng Nhn dng, loi b v gii quyt vn cht lng Bo co cht lng v thnh qu, s chp nhn ca bn lin quan 117 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Kim sot qu trnh Kim sot lch trnh: nh gi tin trnh d n v biu l trnh, s khc bit vi lch trnh c s Xc nh cc yu t to nn s thay i lch trnh, nh hng ca cc yu t D bo tin trnh v ngy hon thnh trong tng lai Cng c: Lch trnh c bn trong biu l trnh Lch trnh hin ti Phn tch sai lch 118 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Kim sot chi ph Hot ng ca kim sot chi ph: o lngchi ph thc hin d n (chi ph hin ti v chi ph c lp k hoch) ca cc ti khon d n (nhm hoc gi cng vic chia s vi trch nhim chi ph) v ca d n Xc nh cc yu t to ra thay i chi ph v nh hng ca cc yu t D bo chi ph tng lai v b sung hot ng kim ch cn thit Hot ng kim sot ngn sch v chi tiu ( m bo rng chi ph l ph hp, hu hn vi ngn sch c ph duyt): K hoch v kim ch chi ph d n: Yu cu chi ph v c ch ph duyt Yu cu thay i v c ch ph duyt Nhn dng, loi b v theo di s thay i chi phi Bo co v ghi nhn tt c cc kt qu v hot ng 119 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Kim sot lch trnh vi MS Project 120 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc phng php kim sot 1. Phng php kim sot chi ph truyn thng 2. Phng php kim sot chi ph/lch trnh kim sot theo gi tr lm ra 121 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Kim sot d n truyn thng v qun l gi tr lm ra Theotruynthng,lchtrnhvchiphctheodivkim sot mt cch c lp. Cc kt qu c th gii thiu thnh qu d n hin ti hoc s dng d bo s hon thnh trong tng lai ca d n Kim sot chi ph/ lch trnh hay qun l gi tr lm ra ca d n:nh gi v d bo lch trnh d n v chi ph hon thc hin ti cng mt thi im Theo di tin trnh d n nhng khng ch ngy ca lch trnh (vthiimbtuvktthccadn)mcchiph hin ti, phn trm cng vic hon thnh hoc lch trnh hon thnh Ttcccolnguthhindidngtint,sdng chi ph c lp ngn sch ca cc hot ng c s u vo. 122 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Phng php kim sotchi ph truyn thng Sdngcctikhonchiphcgimstmtcch ring l (cho mt hoc mt nhm cc cng vic trong cu trc phn tch cng vic - WBS). Mi ti khon chi ph c th bao gm: + M t v cng vic + K hoch thi gian + Ngi chu trch nhim + D chi theo tng giai on + Nguyn vt liu, nhn cng v thit b cn thit 123 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Nidung:ivimitikhonchiph,phntch chnh lch c thc hin theo tng giai on xem s thc chi nhiu hn hay t hn s d chi. Sau tp hp cho ton d n. Nhc im:Ch phn tch chnh lch v chi ph (l khng ) Khngchrabaonhiuphncngvichon thnh. Khngchrachitiutrongtnglaislbao nhiu. Phng php kim sotchi ph truyn thng 124 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Kim sot chi ph truyn thng Cng vic January February March April May June Ngn sch1 1502 1503 2004 100Tng 600Chi ph k hoch: 150 (100%) Chi thc t: 120Chi k hoch: 150 (100%) Chi thc t: 150Chi k hoch: 150 (75%) Chi thc t: 150Chi k hoch :0 Chi thc t: 0125 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Kim sot chi ph / lch trnh:cc cu hi c gii p Tnh trng hin nay ca d n l nh th no v lch trnh hay chi ph? D kin s cn thm bao nhiu chi ph hon thnh d n? Khi no th d n s hon thnh (hay lch trnh xem xt li)? Ti sao v u c cc nguyn nhn khin chi ph hay lch trnh vt? C th thu c g t cc chi ph tiu hao? C th nhn dng v iu chnh cc vn tim n chi ph v lch trnh trc khi qu mun? 126 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Kim sot chi ph s dng gi tr lm ra nhim v January February March April May June ngn sch1 1502 1503 2004 100Tng 600Chi ph k hoch:150(100%) Chi ph thc t: 120 Gi tr lm ra: 150 (100%)Chi ph k hoch: 150 (100%) Chi ph thc t: 150 Gi tr thu c: 50 (33%)Chi ph k hoch: 150 (75%) Chi ph thc t: 150 Gi tr lm ra: 170 (85%)Chi ph k hoch: 0 Chi ph thc t: 0 Gi tr thu c: 0 127 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc khi nim c bn D chi (Budgeted Cost for Work Scheduled-BCWS):Chiphdtnhchocngvictheokhoch.BCWSlgitrcc ngunlcchochnhschithchincngvicmtthi Im cho trc Thcchi(ActualCost forWorkPerformed-ACWP):Chitiu thct hao ph v c ghi nhn cho cng vic thc hin trong mt giai on thi gian. Gi tr thu c/lm ra (Budgeted Cost for Work Performed-BCWP):Chi ph (hoc gi tr) ca tt c cng vic thc hin c trong mt giai on thi gian BCWP cn c gi l gi tr lm ra - Earned Value BCWP = Ngn sch d tnhX % cng vic c hon cho ton b c.victhnh cho n thi imxem xt 128 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Phn tch tnh hnh thc hin Cc i lng phn tch sai lch (Variance Analysis) 1) Sai lch v tin SV (Schedule Variance) 2) Sai lch v chi ph CV (Cost Variance) 3) Sai lch k ton AV (Accounting Variance) 4) Sai lch thi gian TV (Time Variance) 129 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n 1. Chnh lch v tin : SV = Gi tr lm ra - D chi = BCWP- BCWS L con s tnh bng tin ch ra tng cng vic hon thnh cho ti thi im ny l t hn (hay nhiu hn) so vi k hoch, iu ny ni ln rng d n l ang chm (hay nhanh) so vi k hoch SV > 0 > Vt tin (Ahead schedule) SV = 0 > ng tin (On schedule) SV < 0 > Chm tin (Behind schedule) Phn tch tnh hnh thc hin 130 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n 1. Chnh lch v tin : SV = Gi tr lm ra - D chi = BCWP- BCWS Ch : lun quy ra bng tin VD: BCWP = 80.000$, BCWS = 90.000$ SV = 80.000 90.000 = -10.000$ Chm tin Nu sn lng lm ra trung bnh mt thng l 200sp, n gi sp l 25$. C th l chm tin : 10.000 / 200 = 50 sp Hoc:50 / 25= 2 thng Phn tch tnh hnh thc hin 131 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n 2. Chnh lch v chi ph: Gi tr lm ra - Thc chi CV = BCWP-ACWPo s thc hin v chi ph ca d n CV > 0 khng vt chi ph (Cost under run) CV = 0 ng chi ph (On cost) CV < 0 vt chi ph(Cost over run) Lu : -Khisdngcntnhng,tnhkcchiphkhng phi l tin mt. -Khi tnh BCWP c tnh chi ph d phng Phn tch tnh hnh thc hin 132 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Phn tch tnh hnh thc hin 3. Chnh lch v k ton AV AV = D Chi - Thc chi = BCWS - ACWP L s khc lch gia d chi v chi tiu thc t. AV > 0 > Ngn sch theo k hoch ln hn thc chi AV = 0 > Ngn sch theo k hoch ng bng thc chi AVNgnschtheokhochnhhnthc chi 133 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Phn tch tnh hnh thc hin 4. Chnh lch v thi gian: TV = SD - BCSP Ch ra trn thang thi gian d n chm bao nhiu so vi k hoch. TV ch ra mc sm hay tr ca d n so vi k hoch SD(StatusDate):Ngyxemxt,thiimhin trng BCSP(BudgetedCostoftheSchedule Performed):ngy,thiimmtiBCWS thi im xem xt = BCWP 134 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n VD: d liu kim sot hot ngquan hngn schchi ph thc t% cng vic theo lch trnh% cng vic thc hinJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec50 5010 30 30 3033 34 3333 34 3350 503310050 5025 25 25 2533 34 3333 34 3350 50145 25 15 16.6 16.8 16.6 7.5 7.5 9.9 10.2 9.9 5 5100330100100100100Tng N.S1001003310010000Chi ph theo lch trnh2010 122220 254 1530 038 40G F 10 0B CDAB AEFDC,Dngy xem xt135 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n V d: kim sot vi gi tr lm ra ActivityPrede-cessorsBudgetActual expense% of work scheduled% of work doneJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecACWPBCWSBCWPSVCV50 5010 30 30 3033.3 33.3 33.333.3 33.3 33.350 5033.310050 5025 25 25 2533.3 33.3 33.333.3 33.3 33.350 50145 101 115 95 -20 -6EFDC,DAB AB CDG F 10 030 038 4020 254 152010 12221000010033010010033100Total budget122242538001020152040100100100100100400010205200 -20 -2-10 10 -50 00 2-10 0Review date136 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar1234567MONTHLY 0.08 0.61 0.9 2.24 2.97 3.21 4.23 6.23 5.7 8.01 8.84 7.13 8.17 8.05 5.87 5.48 4.55 4.55 4.16 2.82 2.82 2.81ACCUMULATION 0.08 0.69 1.59 3.83 6.8 10.01 14.24 20.47 26.17 34.18 43.02 50.15 58.32 66.37 72.24 77.72 82.27 86.82 90.98 93.8 96.62 99.43MONTHLY 0.08 0.78 1.96 1.73 1.11 1.09 1.03 1.2 2.23 4.54 5.5 5.07 7.49 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0ACCUMULATION 0.08 0.86 2.82 4.55 5.66 6.75 7.78 8.98 11.21 15.75 21.25 26.32 33.81 33.81 33.81 33.81 33.81 33.81 33.81 33.81 33.81 33.81MONTHLY 0.08 0.56 2.22 1.83 1.21 1.23 1.35 1.15 2.45 6.3 5.5 7.56 9.23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0ACCUMULATION 0.08 0.64 2.86 4.69 5.9 7.13 8.48 9.63 12.08 18.38 23.88 31.44 40.67 40.67 40.67 40.67 40.67 40.67 40.67 40.67 40.67 40.67BCWS ACWP BCWP(*) The rest was services provided during the 19th Asian game period1998PROGRESSION OF CONSTRUCTION WORK (Not real data)No1997DescriptionGROUP 1 (Building C1-C4)Foundation workInstallation P.C panel1996P.C FACTORYArchitecture and system workUtilitiesGROUP 2 (Building A1-A3)Foundation workArchitecture and system workUtilitiesInstallation P.C panelArchitecture and system workUtilitiesGROUP 3 (Building C5,C6,C8,D1)Foundation workInstallation P.C panelArchitecture and system workFoundation workUtilitiesGROUP 5 (Building B1,B3,B4,B7)Foundation workInstallation P.C panelArchitecture and system workUtilitiesGROUP 6 (Building B2,B5,B6,B8)Example of control chart with BCSS, BCWP and ACWP BCWSBCWPACWPInstallation P.C panelArchitecture and system workUtilitiesGROUP 4 (Building C7-C11)Foundation workInstallation P.C panel137 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc ch s thc hin 1. Ch so thc hien ve tien o SPI (Schedule Performance Index) SPI = BCWP / BCWS SPI > 1 > BCWP > BCWS > SV > 0 vt tien o 2. Ch so thc hien ve chi ph CPI (Cost Performance Index) CPI = BCWP / ACWP CPI > 1 > BCWP > ACWP > CV > 0 Khong vt chi ph 138 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n D bo thc hin chi ph FCTC (D bo chi ph hon thnh phn vic cn li ca d n - Forecast Cost To Complete Project) FCTC= (BCAC - BCWP)/ CPI, BCAC (Budgeted Cost At Completion) l d chi ti thi im hon thnh d n. S ny cng ging nh BCWS thi im d nh hon thnh. CPIBCWS BCACBCWPACWPBCWP BCAC FCTC) () ( 139 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Lch trnh, kim sot v d bo June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June1 100%290%3 80%70%460%50%540%6 30%20%710%0%MONTHLY 0.08 0.61 0.9 2.24 2.97 3.21 4.23 6.23 5.7 8.01 8.84 7.13 8.17 8.05 5.87 5.48 4.55 4.55 4.16 2.82 2.82 2.81 0.57ACCUMULATION 0.08 0.69 1.59 3.83 6.8 10.01 14.24 20.47 26.17 34.18 43.02 50.15 58.32 66.37 72.24 77.72 82.27 86.82 90.98 93.8 96.62 99.43 100MONTHLY 0.08 0.78 1.96 1.73 1.11 1.09 1.03 1.2 2.23 4.54 5.5 5.07 7.49 6.45 7.24 6.93 6.82 8.15 8.41 9.23 6.37 4.03 2.37 0.19ACCUMULATION 0.08 0.86 2.82 4.55 5.66 6.75 7.78 8.98 11.21 15.75 21.25 26.32 33.81 40.26 47.5 54.43 61.25 69.4 77.81 87.04 93.41 97.44 99.81 100MONTHLY 0.08 0.78 1.96 1.73 1.11 1.09 1.03 1.2 2.23 4.54 5.5 5.07 7.51 7.29 6.99 7.28 5.7 6.55 6.82 7.51 7.07 4.6 2.02 2.12 1.85ACCUMULATION 0.08 0.86 2.82 4.55 5.66 6.75 7.78 8.98 11.21 15.75 21.25 26.32 33.83 41.12 48.11 55.39 61.09 67.64 74.46 81.97 89.04 93.64 95.66 97.78 99.63(*)PROPOSAL ACTUAL REVISEDPROPOSAL (%)REVISION 1ACTUAL (%)Installation P.C panelArchitecture and system workUtilitiesPROPOSAL (%)Architecture and system workUtilitiesGROUP 6 (Building B2,B5,B6,B8)Foundation workUtilitiesGROUP 5 (Building B1,B3,B4,B7)Foundation workInstallation P.C panelGROUP 4 (Building C7-C11)Foundation workInstallation P.C panelArchitecture and system workFoundation workInstallation P.C panelArchitecture and system workUtilitiesInstallation P.C panelArchitecture and system workUtilitiesGROUP 3 (Building C5,C6,C8,D1)Architecture and system workUtilitiesGROUP 2 (Building A1-A3)Foundation workP.C FACTORYGROUP 1 (Building C1-C4)Foundation workInstallation P.C panelQC-1 ZONE PROJECT CONTROL CHART AT ITALIAN_THAIPROGRESSION OF CONSTRUCTION WORK FOR 400 UNITS ATHLETE VILLAGESNo Description1996 1997 1998140 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n V d: D n ABC Ch to 1000 sn phm trong 50 thng Trung bnh ch to 20 sn phm mi thng Chi ph d kin ch to mi sn phm l 500 $ Tng chi ph d kin l 500.000$ Sau 10 thng: Ch to c 150 sn phm Tng chi ph thc t l 90.000 $ 141 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Tin trnh thc hin Sau 10 thng: Ch to c 150 sn phm Tng chi ph thc t l 90.000 $ C chi 90.000 thi lam ra 75.000 Hay cu chi 1 thi lam ra 0.833 Vay can chi X de lam ra 500.000 142 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n Cc ch tiu thc hin Thc chi ACWP = $90.000 D chi BCWS = $100.000 10 thng x 20 sp/thng x 500/sp ngn sch d kin BCWP = $75.000 (Gi tr thu c - EV) 150 sn phmx 500/sn phm d chi SV = BCWP - BCWS = -$25.000 SPI = BCWP / BCWS = 0.75 CV = BCWP - ACWP = $75.000 - $90.000 = -$15.000 CPI = BCWP / ACWP = 0.833 AV = BCWS-ACWP = 100.000 - 90.000 = 10.000 TV= 10 - 13,3 = -3,3 143 2011-PTVinh HBK/KTQLQun l d n D bo 1.Chi ph d bo cho ton b d n FCAC = BCAC / CPI = $500.000 / 0.833 = $600.000 VAC = BAC - EAC = $500.000 - $600.000 = - $100.000 2.Thi gian hon thnh ton b d n FTAT = 50 / SPI =50 / 0.75 = 66.67 thng Cu 10 thang thi cham 3,3 Vay 50 thanh thi cham Y