qarTuli ena da literatura 8 -...

qarTuli ena daliteratura

gamomcemloba `meridiani~

Tbilisi 2012

maswavleblis wigni

8

naTela maRlakeliZe, nino jaSi, nino Todua

qarTuli ena da literatura

VIII klasi

maswavleblis wigni

© gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2012

© n. maRlakeliZe, n. jaSi, n. Todua

uak

naTela maRlakeliZe, nino jaSi, nino Toduaavtorebi:

neli elizbaraSviliredaqtori

daviT kutubiZedizaineri

ISBN

gamomcemloba `meridiani~,

Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., #47. ( 39-15-22

E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

N. Maglakelidze, N. Jashi, N. Todua`Georgian language and literature~, the book of the teacher 8, in Georgian `Meridiani~ Publishing, Tbilisi _ 2012

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meToduri miTiTebani maswavleblebisaTvis:saswavlo komleqsi Sedgeba ori komponentisagan:a) moswavlis wigni, b) maswavleblis wigni.

`moswavlis wigni _ qarTuli ena da literatura, VIII klasi~ Sedgenilia ganaxle-buli erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT da cdilobs daicvas is moTxovnebi, rom-lebic gaTvaliswinebulia qarTuli enisa da literaturis sag nobrivi standartis mixedviT. sakiTxavi masalis ZiriTad nawils warmoadgens erovnuli saswavlo geg-mis mixedviT gaTvaliswinebuli savaldebuli literatura:

1. gr. orbeliani, `he, mamulo~; 2. g. tabiZe, `wamye beTaniisaken~; 3. o. WilaZe, `rodesac ase axloa gremi~; 4. a. sulakauri, àr vici amas ra hqvia~; 5. s. Ciqovani, `Tbilisis Tovli~; 6. g. tabiZe `mamuli~; 7. i. WavWavaZe, èri da istoria~; 8. i. WavWavaZe, àCrdili~ me-7 Tavi;9. a. wereTeli, `xatis win~; 10. i. WavWavaZe, àCrdili~, me-8 Tavi;11. a. wereTeli, `baSi-aCuki~; 12. i. WavWavaZe, `qarTvlis dedas~; 13. i. WavWavaZe, àCrdili~, 26-e Tavi;14. SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~: `TaTbiri nuradin fridonisa~;15. ̀ TaTbiri avTandilisa~;16. ̀ TaTbiri tarielisa~; 17. i. WavWavaZe, `Cemo kalamo~; 18. vaJa-fSavela, `niWieri mwerali~; 19. vaJa-fSavela, `Cemi vedreba~; 20. vaJa-fSavela, èna~; 21. tician tabiZe, `ria-ria~; 22. ana kalandaZe `ra var? stviri var~;23. g. tabiZe `mzeo TibaTvisa~; 24. k. gamsaxurdia, `didi iosebi~;25. W. amirejibi, `mose zamTaraZis naambobi~, 26. r. inaniSvili, `patara biWi golgoTaze~; 27. nikoloz baraTaSvili, `fiqrni mtkvris piras~; 28. sulxan-saba orbeliani, ùnaRvloTa mZebneli~;29. vaJa-fSavela, ìas uTxariT turfasa~; 30. daviT kldiaSvili, `darispanis gasaWiri~; 31. daviT guramiSvili, ìsmine, swavlis mZebnelo~;32. i. WavWavaZe, `Sinauri mimoxilva~; 33. nikoloz baraTaSvili, `cisa fers~, 34. nikoloz baraTaSvili, àr ukiJino, satrfoo~;35. vaJa-fSavela, `samefo simRera~;36. lado asaTiani, `sparsel asuls~; 37. Tamaz WilaZe, `yinwvisi~;

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38. g. tabiZe, `gagondeba Tu ara~;39. g. tabiZe, `rac ufro Sors xar~.

sakiTxavi masalis nawili SerCeulia Cven mier. es aris:1. r. inaniSvili, `samgori~; 2. g. rCeuliSvili, ùsaxelo ufliscixeli~; 3. m. lebaniZe, ùfliscixesTan~; 4. herman hese, `poeti~; 5. Carlz dikensi, `wuTisofeli~; 6. saadi, àRzrdisaTvis~; 7. nizami ganjeli (lamaz qristian qalze vloculob); 8. o’ henri, `siyvarulis msaxureba~; 9. l. goTuas `yinwvisis angelozi~, 10. g. tabiZisa da olRa okujavas piradi werilebi.

teqstebi dalagebulia Tematur-budobrivi principis mixedviT. es budeebia: I Tema: `saqarTvelo iyo maTi saocnebo saxeli!..~ II Tema: eri da istoria III Tema: `sad aris gmiri?~ IV Tema: Cveni `vefxistyaosani~ V Tema: `Cemo kalamo~ VI Tema: `xani undobari~ VII Tema: `wuTisofeli asea~ VIII Tema: `swavla sinaTlea~ IX Tema: `siyvarulis dResaswauli~

sakiTxavi masalis damuSaveba gaTvaliswinebulia interaqtiuri meTodebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac xels Seuwyobs, erTi mxriv, kiTxvis strategiebis daufle-bas, meore mxriv ki _ moswavleTa SemoqmedebiT aqtivizacias. am mizniT meTodur aparatSi teqstis kiTxva-damuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebi dalagebulia Semdegi TanmimdevrobiT: gavigoT (faqtobriv masalaze orientirebuli), gaviaz-roT (analizze orientirebuli), SevafasoT (Sefasebasa da sinTezze orientirebu-li).

vecadeT literaturul masalasTan mWidro kavSirSi warmogvedgina enobrivi masalac. aq yuradReba gamaxvilebulia rogorc teqstis enobriv-stilistur Tavi-seburebebze (ix. rubrika ènobriv mxareze dakvirveba~), ise _ praqtikuli stili-stikis, leqsikologiis, orTografiis, punqtuaciis sakiTxebze (ix. rubrika `mSo-bliuri enis samyaroSi~). enobriv masalaze muSaobisas viyenebT e.w. ènaze dakvir-vebis~ meTods, rac uzrunvelyofs moswavlis aqtiur CarTvas sagakveTilo pro-cesSi da amave dros aiolebs Teoriuli definiciebis miwodebas iq, sadac es auci-lebelia. vecadeT, rom Teoriuli masalis miwodeba maqsimalurad SegvezRuda da wina planze wamogvewia calkeuli gramatikuli kategoriebis funqciuri aspeqtebi. am TvalsazrisiT aris warmodegnili gramatikis (ZiriTadad sintaqsisa da masTan dakavSirebiT puqtuaciis) sakiTxebi. maTi gacnobisas wina planze dgeba praqtiku-li unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba da ara saTanado wesebisa da gansazRvrebebis meqa-

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nikuri dazepireba (rac arcTu usafuZvlod miiCneva Cvens skolebSi gramatikuli masalis swavlebis ZiriTad naklad). vecadeT sagangebo dakvirvebis sagnad gveqcia mwerlis enobriv-stiluri Taviseburebani da amasTan mWidro kavSirSi gagvecno mxatvruli gamosaxvis saSulebani. teqstebTan mWidro kavSirSia literaturis Te-oriis sakiTxebic, rac Cveni azriT, moswavles gauadvilebs erTi mxriv, mwerlis enis TaviseburebebSi garkvevas, meore mxriv ki xels Seuwyobs enis gamomsaxvelo-biTi aspeqtis gaazrebas, amasTan dakavSirebiT saTanado sametyvelo unar-Cvevebis dauflebas. am etapze sagangebo yuradReba eqceva aseve funqcionaluri stilis sakiTxebis gacnobasa da am kuTxiT sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis ZiriTad Tavisebu-rebebSi garkvevas.

wignSi calke rubrikis (`es sainteresoa~) saxiT mocemulia damatebiTi infor-macia ama Tu im teqstis Sesaxeb; aseve calke rubrikis saxiT vTavazobT moswavleebs amonaridebs cnobili kritikosebis naazrevidan (`Tvalsazrisi~), rac maT, Cveni azriT, gauadvilebs ama Tu im teqstis gaazrebas da daexmareba sakuTari poziciis CamoyalibebaSi.

calke rubrikad aris gamoyofili agreTve `sadiskusio klubi~, romlis miza-nic aseve sakuTari mosazrebis gamoTqma da argumentirebaa.

sakiTxav teqstebs axlavs saweri davalebebi. vecadeT, rom es davalebebi sakmaod mravalferovani da moswavleTaTvis saintereso yofiliyo. Cveni azriT, aq warmodgenili saweri davalebebi xels Seuwyobs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTva-liswinebuli weris strategiebis dauflebas. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas vamaxvi-lebT funqciuri weris elementebze. Tu maswavlebeli arasakmarisad CaTvlis am savarjiSoebs, ra Tqma unda, mas SeuZlia maTi Secvla da gamravalferovneba saku-Tari Sexedulebisamebr.

b) `maswavleblis wigni~ warmoadgens erTgvar gzamkvlevs maswavleblisaTvis. masSi mocemulia mxolod ramdenime sanimuSo gakveTilis scenari. scenarebSi Cavr-TeT is uaxlesi meTodebi, romelTa didi nawili axla ikidebs fexs da SesaZloa, am kuTxiT saintereso aRmoCndes maswavleblisaTvis. scenarebis bolos miTiTebuli `mosalodneli Sedegebi~, rac saTanado kodiT aris aRniSnuli. ra Tqma unda, aq warmodgenili `scenarebi~ mxolod saorientacioa da ara savaldebulo. pedagogs SeuZlia Secvalos Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr meTodi, saaTebisa da saorientacio drois ganawileba, aqtivobebi... aqve CavurTeT is sainformacio masalac, romelic SesaZloa, maswavlebels dasWirdes ama Tu im teqstis damuSavebisas. es `damatebi-Ti informaciebi~ mxolod maswavleblisaTvis aris gankuTvnili. pedagogis gada-sawyvetia, ra saxiT gamoiyenebs mas gakveTilze.

nimuSis saxiT maswavlebels aqve vTavazobT qarTuli enisa da literaturis programa-silabuss. es silabusic, iseve rogorc Cven mier warmodgenili sagakve-Tilo scenarebi, saorientacioa da ara savaldebulo. imedi gvaqvs, rom igi daexma-reba praqtikos maswavlebels saswavlo masalis dagegmvaSi.

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programa-silabusi nimuSi

sagani _ qarTuli ena da literaturaklasi _ me-8pedagogi _ kursis moculoba _ 160 akademiuri saaTi (34 samuSao kvira, 5 kvireuli saaTi)

saswavlo kursis miznebia: • ganuviTaros mozards ZiriTadi sametyvelo unarebi (wera, kiTxva, mosmena,

saubari); • gamoumuSaos weriTi da zepiri metyvelebis kultura; • ganuviTaros sakuTari azris logikuri TanmimdevrobiT gamoTqmisa da

sxvadasxva daniSnulebis werilobiTi teqstis Seqmnis unari;• Camouyalibos damoukidebeli, SemoqmedebiTi da refleqsuri azrovnebis

unari; • Seayvaros kiTxva; gamoumuSaos literaturis, rogorc sityvis xelovnebisa

da kulturis faqtis, aRqmisa da gacnobierebis unari; • gaacnobierebinos erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio kultura, rogorc cvli-

lebisa da ganviTarebis mudmivmoqmedi procesi.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebam me-8 klasSi unda uzrunvelyos:

• msjelobis unaris ganviTareba, sakuTari azris dasabuTeba saTanado teqstobriv safuZvelze;

• literaturul nawarmoebSi asaxuli problematikis mimarT sakuTari da-mokidebulebis gamoxatva, pirovnuli poziciis Camoyalibeba da misi ar-gumentireba; maTSi asaxuli faseulobebis aRqma-gaazreba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva;

• teqstebTan SemoqmedebiTi (Tavisufali) damokidebulebis gamomuSaveba;• diskusiebSi monawileoba, monologuri da dialoguri metyvelebis unar-

CvevaTa Camoyalibeba;• teqstis analizis unaris ganviTareba;• saganmanaTleblo mizniT sxvadasxva resursiT (leqsikonebi, biblioTeka,

interneti da sxv.) sargebloba;• miznobrivi amocanis Sesatyvisi stiliT wera da metyveleba;• orTografiuli da punqtuaciuri normebis saTanadod gamoyeneba weris

procesSi.

1. saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi (Temebisa da sakiTxebis CamonaTvali maTi damuSa-vebisaTvis gankuTvnili savaraudo saaTebis miTiTebiT):

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I Tema: `saqarTvelo iyo maTi saocnebo saxeli!..~ (16 sT)

1. teqsti: gr. orbeliani, `he, mamulo~; ena _ zogadi cnobebi enis Sesaxeb: qarTuli saliteraturo enis dasabami da

ganviTarebis safexurebi; leqsikologia _arqaizmebi; literaturis Teoria: tropis saxeebi (praqtikulad), peizaJi. 2sT.

2. teqsti: g. tabiZe, `wamye beTaniisaken~; ena _ mwerlis enaze dakvirveba;literaturis Teoria: mimarTva, rogorc mxatvruli metyvelebis erT-erTi

forma, refreni. 2 sT.

3. teqsti: o. WilaZe, `rodesac ase axloa gremi~; ena _ mwerlis enaze dakvirveba;lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba, kontrasti. 2 sT.

4. teqsti: a. sulakauri, `ar vici amas ra hqvia~;literaturis Teoria: tropuli metyveleba, ritmi, taepi, strofi, `koWli

strofi~. 2 sT.

5. teqsti: s. Ciqovani, `Tbilisis Tovli~; literaturis Teoria: tropuli metyveleba, riTma, riTmis saxeebi. 2 sT.

6. teqsti: r. inaniSvili, `samgori~; ena _ metyvelebis tipebi: Txroba, aRwera, dialogi; gramatika: krebiTi saxeli, ricxvSi SeTanxmebis SemTxvevebi krebiT saxelTan;literaturis Teoria: legenda. 3 sT.

7. teqsti: g. tabiZe, `mamuli~; ena _ punqtuacia: sasveni niSnebi citatasTan;literaturis Teoria: tropuli metyveleba. 2 sT.

I Temis Sejameba _ 1 sT.

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II Tema: eri da istoria (14sT)

8. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, èri da istoria~; ena _ saliteraturo enis normaTa cvla;leqsikologia _ barbarizmebi, arqaizmebi;funqcionaluri stilis sakiTxebi _ publicistika, publicisturi stilis Zi-

riTadi maxasiaTeblebi. 3 sT.

9. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, àCrdili~ me-7 Tavi; ena _ leqsikuri da gramatikuli arqaizmebi, 2 sT.

10. teqsti: g. rCeuliSvili, ùsaxelo ufliscixeli~; ena _ leqsikologia: sinonimebi, antonimebi, omonimebi;praqtikuli stilistikis sakiTxebi _ droTa Tanmimdevrobis dacva Txrobisas,

metyvelebis tipebi: Txroba, aRwera, msjeloba; teqstis struqtura _ abzaci; gramatika _ metyvelebis nawilebi, formacvalebadi da formaucvleli metyve-

lebis nawilebi, srulmniSvnelovani da damxmare sityvebi, winadadebis wevris ra-oba. 4 sT.

11. teqsti: m. lebaniZe, ùfliscixesTan~; ena _funqcionaluri stilis sakiTxebi _ metyvelebis ZiriTadi tipebi;literaturis Teoria: tropuli metyveleba. 2 sT.

12. teqsti: a. wereTeli, `xatis win~; lit. Teoria: tropuli metyveleba. 2 sT.

13. Sejameba _ (1 sT).

III Tema: `sad aris gmiri?~ (19sT)

14. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, àCrdili~, me-8 Tavi;ena _ leqsikologia: leqsikuri da gramatikuli arqaizmebi. 2 sT.

15. teqsti: a. wereTeli, `baSi-aCuki~;ena _ leqsikologia: frazeologizmebi, andazebi, aforizmebi, dialeqtizmebi,

barbarizmebi; gramatika da punqtuacia: winadadebis tipebi modalobis mixedviT, kiTxviTi

winadadeba da misi saxeebi, brZanebiTi winadadeba da misi saxeebi, warTqmiTi da ukuTqmiTi formebi; Zaxilis winadadeba da misi saxeebi; winadadebis wevrebi, wina-dadebis mTavari wevri _ Semasmeneli, misi saxeebi;

literaturis Teoria: fabula, siuJeti. 12 sT.

16. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, `qarTvlis dedas~; ena _ gramatika: winadadebis Sedgeniloba wevrTa mixedviT, winadadebis mTavari

wevrebi: qvemdebare, qvemdebare-Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis SemTxvevebi. 2 sT.

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17. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, `aCrdili~, 26-e Tavi. 2 sT.

18. Sejameba _ 1 sT.

IV Tema: `Cveni vefxistyaosani~ (8 sT)

1. teqsti: SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~: `TaTbiri nuradin fridonisa~ + 1 sT.

2. `TaTbiri avTandilisa~ + 2 sT.3. `TaTbiri tarielisa~; ena _ leqsikuri da gramatikuli arqaizmebi + 4sT.4. Sejameba _ 1 sT.

V Tema: `Cemo kalamo~ ( 17 sT)

1. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, `Cemo kalamo~; ena _ gramatika: winadadebis mTavari wevrebi, qvemdebare. 2 sT.

2. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `niWieri mwerali~;ena _ gramatika : qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmeba, funqcional-

uri stilis sakiTxebi, publicistika, publicisturi teqstis ZiriTadi maxasiaTe-blebi. 3 sT.

3. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `Cemi vedreba~; ena _ gramatika: qvemdebare da Semasmeneli, maTTan dakavSirebuli marTlweris

sakiTxebi. 2 sT.

4. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `ena~; ena _leqsikologia: dialeqtizmebi, saliteraturo ena da dialeqtebi;gramatika: winadadebis mTavari wevrebi, qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis ricxvSi

SeTanxmeba. 2 sT.

5. teqsti: tician tabiZe, `ria-ria~; ena _ gramatika: rTulfuZiani (fuZegaorkecebuli) saxelebis marTlwera,

qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmeba; literaturis Teoria: tropuli metyveleba. 2 sT.

6. teqsti: ana kalandaZe, `ra var? stviri var~; ena _ gramatika: punqtuaciisa da intonaciis sakiTxebi. 1 sT.

7. teqsti: herman hese, `poeti~; literaturis Teoria: mxatvruli saxeebi _ metafora, alegoria; fabula,

siuJeti. 4 sT. Sejameba _ 1 sT.

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VI Tema: `xani undobari~ (24 sT)

1. teqsti: g. tabiZe, `mzeo TibaTvisa~; literaturis Teoria: tropuli metyvelebis saxeebi, simbolo, rogorc tro-

pis erT-erTi saxe. 2 sT.

2. teqsti: k. gamsaxurdia, `didi iosebi~;ena _ leqsikologia: barbarizmebi, sityvaTa sesxeba, saerTaSoriso sityvebi,

neologizmebi, Semoklebuli sityvebi da maTi marTlwera; gramatika: winadadebis mTavari wevrebi _ pirdapiri da iribi damateba, winadadebis aramTavari wevri _ ubralo damateba; saxeldebiTi winadadeba;

literaturis Teoria: novela, lirikuli gadaxveva; literaturuli gmiri da prototipi, ena. 10 sT.

3. teqsti: W. amirejibi, `mose zamTaraZis naambobi~;ena _ gramatika: winadadebis aramTavari wevrebi: gansazRvreba, misi saxeebi,

msazRvrel-sazRvrulis bruneba;literaturis Teoria _ literaturuli gmiri da prototipi. 8 sT.

4. teqsti: r. inaniSvili, `patara biWi golgoTaze~; ena _gramatika: winadadebis aramTavari wevrebi: adgilis da drois garemoeba; literaturis Teoria: siuJeti, siuJetis ganviTarebis safexurebi. 3 sT.

5. Sejameba _ 1 s.

VII Tema: `wuTisofeli asea~ (16 sT)

1. teqsti: nikoloz baraTaSvili, `fiqrni mtkvris piras~; ena _ leqsikuri da gramatikuli arqaizmebi, winadadebis aramTavari wevrebi _

mizezisa da miznis garemoeba. 2 sT.

2. teqsti: sulxan-saba orbeliani, `unaRvloTa mZebneli~;ena _ gramatika: viTarebis garemoeba, marTlweris sakiTxebi. 3 sT.

3. teqsti: Carlz dikensi, `wuTisofeli~; ena _ gramatika: martivi winadadebis saxeebi: sruli da usruli, gavrcobili

da gauvrcobeli. 3 sT.

4. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `ias uTxariT turfasa~;literaturis Teoria _ tropuli metyveleba, lirikuli gmiri. 2 sT.

5. teqsti: daviT kldiaSvili, `darispanis gasaWiri~; ena _ leqsikologia: dialeqtizmebi, winadadebis arawevri sityvebi _ Sorisde-

buli da sasveni niSnebi masTan;literaturis Teoria: literaturis Janrebi _ dramaturgia; iumori. 5 sT.Sejameba _ 1 sT.

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VIII Tema: `swavla sinaTlea~ (7 sT)

teqsti: daviT guramiSvili, ìsmine, swavlis mZebnelo~; ena _arqaizmebi, frazeologizmebi _ aforizmi. 2 sT

44. teqsti: saadi, àRzrdisaTvis~. 2 sT.

45. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, `Sinauri mimoxilva~; ena: funqcionaluri stilis sakiTxebi _ publicistika. 2 sT. Sejameba _ 1 sT.

IX Tema: `siyvarulis dResaswauli~ (19 sT)

teqstebi: nikoloz baraTaSvili, `cisa fers~, àr ukiJino, satrfoo~;ena _ leqsikuri da gramatikuli arqaizmebi, tropuli metyveleba. 4 sT.

teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `samefos simRera~;ena _ dialeqtizmebi, literaturis Teoria: lirikuli gmiri. 1 sT.teqstebi: lado asaTiani, `sparsel asuls~, nizami ganjeli, `lamaz qristian

qalze vloculob~. 3 sT.

teqsti: o’henri, `siyvarulis msaxureba~; ena _ leqsikologia _ nasesxebi sityvebi; literaturis Teoria: iumori, rogorc mxatvruli asaxvis meTodi; literatu-

ris Janrebze dakvirveba _ novela, novelis maxasiaTeblebi. 3 sT.

teqsti: Tamaz WilaZe. `yinwvisi~. 1 sT.

teqsti: l. goTua, `yinwvisis angelozi~;ena _ stilis raoba, funqcionaluri stilis saxeebi: samecniero, publicis-

turi, oficialur-saqmiani da mxatvruli, maTi maxasiaTeblebi (zogadad). 3 sT.

teqsti: g. tabiZe, `gagondeba Tu ara~. 1 sT.

teqstebi: g. tabiZisa da olRa okujavas piradi werilebi;ena _ funqcionaluri stilis sakiTxebi: epistolaruli Janri, saqmis qaRal-

debi, misi saerTo maxasiaTeblebi. 1 sT.

teqsti: g. tabiZe, `rac ufro Sors xar~. 1 sT.Sejameba _ 1 sT. 3) wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi _ am kursis mismenis Semdeg moswavles unda

SeeZlos:

a) informaciis gageba, analizi da Sefaseba:

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• sxvadasxva saxis (mxatvruli da aramxatvruli) zepiri teqstebis anali-zi tonalobis, enobriv-gramatikuli struqturisa da efeqturobis Tval-sazrisiT;

• adekvaturad, gamarTulad da damarwmuneblad metyveleba;• wakiTxuli teqstis konstruireba (enobrivi analizi da sinTezi); • teqstebis saxeebis amocnoba da ganmarteba maT struqturul-gramatikul

Tu stilistur Taviseburebebze dayrdnobiT; • teqstebSi mocemuli gramatikuli konstruqciebis gamoyofa da maTi saTa-

nado interpretaciiT warmodgena; • sxvadasxva tipisa da stilis teqstebis gamarTulad wera; gramatikis, or-

Tografiis, punqtuaciis wesebis marTebulad gamoyeneba teqstis asagebad da dasaxvewad.

b) enis komunikaciuri aspeqtebis gageba-gamoyeneba:

• im sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebisa da strategiebis ganviTareba, romlebic uzrunvelyofs socialur garemoSi pirovnebis adekvatur TviTgamoxatvas; saubris, diskusiis, debatebis, sxvadasxva Temaze kamaTis warmarTvas;

• sxvadasxva saxis zepiri da werilobiTi teqstebis Sefaseba maTi sakomuni-kacio amocanis gaTvaliswinebiT;

• wakiTxulis gadamowmeba da Sefaseba sandoobis, aqtualurobis, popularo-bisa da sxva kriteriumebis mixedviT;

• konkretuli sakiTxis Sesaswavlad informaciis moZieba, kritikulad gada-mowmeba da monacemTa bankis Sedgena;

• sxvadasxva mizniT, sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis nebismieri tipis werilobi-Ti teqstis SeTxzva.

g) mxatvruli teqstis gageba da TviTgamoxatva:

• argumentirebuli msjeloba sxvadasxva Janris mxatvrul teqstebSi ga-movlenili msoflmxedvelobrivi sakiTxebisa da literaturuli Tavisebu-rebebis Sesaxeb;

• literaturul nawarmoebze subieqturi mosazrebis Camoyalibeba da war-moCena;

• literaturul nawarmoebebSi mxatvruli azrovnebis formebis identifi-cireba, Sedareba, Sepirispireba, dakavSireba da analizi;

• sxvadasxva epoqis literaturul teqstebSi asaxul kulturul faseulo-baTa gaazreba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva;

• sxvadasxva Janris literaturuli teqstis Seqmnis procesSi cxovrebiseu-li da SemoqmedebiTi gamocdilebis realizeba;

• werilobiT teqstebSi sakuTari poziciisa da RirebulebiTi damokidebu-lebebis sxvadasxva literaturuli formiT warmoCena;

• qarTuli da msoflio literaturuli procesebisa da universaluri li-teraturuli Temebis urTierTkavSiris aRqma-gaazreba (ix. erovnuli saswavlo gegma. qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi standarti).

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SeniSvna: a) silabusSi mocemuli masala ganawilebulia 140 saaTze. 20 saaTs maswavle-

bels vutovebT gegmiuri weriTi samuSaoebisaTvis, agreTve _ damoukidebeli mu-SaobisaTvis.

b) saaTebis ganawileba saorientacioa. maTi Secvla maswavlebels SeuZlia sa-kuTari Sexedulebisamebr.

sanimuSo gakveTilebis scenarebi

masala: akaki wereTlis `baSi-aCuki”; frazeologizmebi; mwerlis enis Tavise-burebebi; winadadeba ragvarobisa da modalobis mixedviT, winadadebis mTavari wevrebi: Semasmeneli, misi saxeebi

miznebi: mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis gaazreba wakiTxulis mimarT damokidebulebis gamoxatvasakuTari azris dasabuTebadiskusiisa da kamaTis xelovnebis TanadaTanobiT daufleba kiTxvisa da weris strategiebis dauflebazepiri da werilobiTi teqstebisaTvis formisa da stilis SerCevaenobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis marTebuli gamoyenebapunqtuaciur-intonaciuri, stiluri, orTografiuli Cvevebis formireba.

I-II gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis Semowmeba.aqtivoba 2. _ provocireba: am mizniT sasurvelia maswavlebelma wina gakveTil-

ze daavalos moswavleebs moiZion saTanado istoriuli masala kaxeTis 1659 wlis ajanyebis Sesaxeb, am gakveTilze ki isaubron am ajanyebis gamomwvev faqtorebze da istoriul personaJebze; SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sqema: `vici _ gavige _ minda vi-code~. punqti `vici~ ivseba provocirebis momentSi _ amiT mzaddeba is safuZveli, romelsac unda daeSenos Semdegi codna am istoriuli faqtis Sesaxeb; punqte-bi: `gavige~ da `minda vicode~ Seivseba teqstis kiTxvis damTavrebis Semdeg. amave mizniT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT `gonebrivi ieriSis rukac~.

damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis:

biZina ColoyaSvili, Salva da elizbar qsnis erisTavebiTeimuraz I-is dauRalavma saqmianobam da misma swrafvam, epova dasayrdeni

ruseTSi, Sah-abas meoris (1642-1666) iranSi gaacocxla idea kaxeTSi TurqmanTa Camosaxlebisa da saxanos Sqmnis Sesaxeb. rogorc aRniSnavs sefianTa iranis erT-erTi cnobili istorikosi mohamed Taheri, Sahis gadawyvetilebiT Sida da gare kaxeTis miwebze unda dasaxlebuliyo momTabare-mejoge Turqmanebis 15000 ojaxi. isini unda damagrebuliyvnen am nayofier miwebze, `Sedgomodnen xvna-Tesvas, Se-nebas da dasaxlebas~. am strategiuli miznis ganxorcielebisaTvis iranis Sahma,

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Sah-abas meorem (1642-1666), kaxeTSi winaswari samuSaoebi Caatara: alaverdi-xanis xelmZRvanelobiT saqarTveloSi sami cixe aigo: baxtrionis cixe alaznis marcxena napirze, romelsac didi strategiuli mniSvneloba hqonda; alaverdis monasteri cixe-simagred gadakeTda; mesame cixe ki unda yofiliyo yaraRajis cixe – XVII s.-is kaxeTis yizilbaSi xanebis rezidencia.

Turqmanebis Camosaxlebis saqme Sahma miando yizilbaS selim-xans, romelic kaxeTs marTavda mas Semdeg, rac Sahma rostom mefes droebiT mierTebuli (1648 wlidan) kaxeTi CamoarTva. selim -xanis xelmZRvanelobiT ori wlis ganmavlobaSi kaxeTSi Camosaxlda TurqmanTa didi urdoebi adarbadaganidan. igegmeboda mTe-li Sida da gare kaxeTis baris Turqmani momTabareebisaTvis gadacema. selim-xanis Semdeg kaxeTis samxreT-aRmosavleTi mxare yarabaRis beglarbegs murTaz yuli-xans, xolo danarCeni nawili naxWevanis mmarTvels ali yuli-xan qengerlus gadae-ca. swored am mmarTvelTa dros Casaxlda kaxeTSi 80000-mde momTabare eli. kaxe-Tis kulturul meurneobas momTabare Turqmanebisagan gadaSenebis safrTxe dae-muqra; mesaqonle elebi venaxebis aCexas da kaxeTis miwebis ialaRebad gadaqcevas apirebdnen. TuS-fSav-xevsurnic mZime dReSi aRmoCndnen - mwiri mTa baris puriTa da RviniT irCenda Tavs, mTielebi baris sazamTro saZovrebis gareSe verc cxvars gamokvebavdnen. garda amisa, adgilobrivi mosaxleoba yizilbaSi mecixovneebisga-nac iyo Sewuxebuli. momTabare gadamTielTagan mTisa da baris Seviwroeba erT xalxur leqsSi asea gadmocemuli:

`baxtrions sxedan TaTrebi, sityvas amboben Znelsao:axmetas avWriT venaxsa, Sig davasaxlebT elsao~.iranis politikas dokumenturad asaxavs imJamindeli sparsuli istoriuli

sabuTebi, romlebic xelnawerTa erovnul centrsa da saxelmwifo arqivSia dacu-li.

Sah-abas II-is istorikosis mohamed Taheris gadmocemiT: `radgan elebs imis miswrafeba hqondaT, rom qarTvelebze ebatonaT, am or xalxs Soris dava da Cxubi gaCnda~. ajanyebisaTvis safuZveli mzad iyo. misi mizezi ki udanaSaulo mRvdlis Tavs datrialebuli ubedureba gaxda. istorikos beri egnataSvilis gadmocemiT: ~...xolo warvida xucesi igi da mivida duSeTs. zogad isxden zaal erisTavi da coli misi, dauCoqa xucesman da SesCivla: `Sen zaal erisTavi xaro da kaxeTis gamgebe-lio, gaaoxres sruliad kaxeTi usjuloTa agarianTa da me gzazed Semipyres da xelSekruli ganmxrwnes da hyves Cem zeda saqme saTqmelad uSveri. da aw amisi ma-gieri pasuxi RmerTs Sen miec da Sen unda gasce, vinaTgan Senda rwmunebul aris kaxeTi~ (beri egnataSvili).

ajanyebis saerTo xelmZRvaneloba zaal aragvis erisTavma iTava. brZolaSi aSkara monawileoba mas ar miuRia. ajanyebis uSualo xelmZRvanelebi iyvnen biZina ColoyaSvili, Salva qsnis erisTavi da misi Zma biZina, zaal erisTavis vaJi zurabi, TuSi zezva gafrindauli, xevsuri nodara xoSarauli da sxvebi.

aragvis laSqars zaal erisTavis vaJi zurabi sardlobda. qsnis erisTavis la-Sqars Salva da elizbari meTaurobdnen. aragvisa da qsnis saerisTaoebis mebrZo-lebi baxtrionis sanaxebSi dabanakdnen. TuS-fSav-xevsurTa laSqari da kaxeTis baris laSqari alaverds miuaxlovdnen. ajanyebulebma baxtrionis da alaverdis cixeebs erTdroulad Seuties. qarTvelebma mters musri gaavles. Semdeg ki maT kaxeTis sxva adgilebSi mcxovreb Turqmanebze miitanes ieriSi. mravali maTgani

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daxoces. elebis mxolod mcire nawili gadarCa cocxali. maT gaqceviT uSveles Tavs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom ajanyebulebi Segnebulad ar dasxmian Tavs aRjayalis ci-xes, sadac ijda kaxeTis erTi nawilis mmarTveli murTaz yuli-xani. es saSualebas aZlevda zaal erisTavs daefara ajanyebaSi sakuTari monawileoba da Sahis karze gagzavnil arzebSi ajanyebis mizezad kaxeTis meore nawilis mmarTvelis aliyuli-xan qengerlus `cud qceva~ gamoecxadebina.

iranis samefo karma saqarTveloSi momxdari ajanyebis Sesaxeb gamoZieba Caata-ra da Semdeg daskvnamde mivida: `TuSebma, romelTac maRali mTebi da xSiri tyeebi da ugzooba faravda, borotmoqmedeba da mzakvroba iwyes. aliyuli-xanic ar iCen-da elebis mimarT iseT mzrunvelobas, rogoric saWiro iyo. zaal erisTavsac imis ganzraxva hqonda, rom kaxeTis `olqis~ damoukidebeli mmarTveli gamxdariyo. misi survili ar ganxorcielda da dafaruli brazis gamo es im xalxs aqezebda. imis Semdeg, roca man Sahis maRali sasaxlidan wasvlis nebarTva miiRo, saqarTveloSi Cavida da SfoTis gaZlierebis mizezad, areulobis wyarod da urCobis arsad ga-daiqca~ (mohamed Taheri).

zaal erisTavis dasja gadawyvetili iyo. Sahma vaxtang V-s (Sahnavazi) misi mokvla ubrZana. vaxtangi iZulebuli iyo es brZaneba Seesrulebina. 1660 wels zaal erisTavi qarTlis mefis brZanebiT, misive ZmiSvilebma mokles. amis Semdeg ajanye-bis sxva monawileebic gatydnen. biZina ColoyaSvili, Salva da elizbar qsnis eri-sTavebi Sahs eaxlnen da patieba sTxoves. Sahma isini TurqmanTa im tomebs gadasca, romelTa metomeebi kaxelebma gaJlites. maT qarTveli gmirebi saSineli wamebiT daxoces 1662 wlis 18 seqtembers - aso-aso aWres da Semdeg Tavebi mohkveTes. ar-sebobs gadmocema, rom ajanyebulTa Tavebi moipares kaTolike misionerebma, ro-gorc wminda relikvia, xolo maTi nawilebi gadmoasvenes saqarTveloSi da dakr-Zales ikorTaSi. isini qarTulma eklesiam wmindanebad Seracxa, xsenebis dRe – 18 seqtemberi.

besarion kaTalikosma (orbeliSvilma) wamebul gmirebs uZRvna agiografiuli Txzuleba: ~ Sesxma wmidaTa mowameTa biZinasi, Salva da elizbarisa da uwyebaÁ wame-bisa maTisa~.

saerTo saxalxo ajanyebis gmirebis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs `qarTlis cxovreba~, iraneli mematiane mohamed Taheri, qarTuli eTnografiuli masalebi, mxatvruli literaturis Zeglebi – akaki wereTlis, grigol orbelianis, vaJa-fSavelas na-warmoebebi.

1959 wels qarTvelTa mier mopovebulma gamarjvebam kaxeTi gadaSenebisagan ixsna. am brZolaSi monawile qarTveli vaJkacebis saxelebi ki ukvdavyo.

Teimuraz I (1589-1663ww.)kaxeTis da qarTl-kaxeTis mefe, Ze daviT mefisa da qeTevan dedoflisa,

saqarTvelos damoukideblobisaTvis daucxromeli mebrZoli, aRorZinebis xanis gamorCeuli poeti.

1612 wels osmaleTTan dazavebis Semdeg Sah-abasma qarTl-kaxeTisaTvis moi-cala. mas ganzraxuli hqonda qarTl-kaxeTis ayra, aq mahmadianuri mosaxleobis Ca-saxleba da iranisadmi uSualod daqvemdebarebuli saxanoebis Seqmna. am miznis mi-saRwevad mas pirvel rigSi mefeebi da mmarTveli dinastiis sxva warmomadgenlebi unda moeSorebina Tavidan. Sahis gegmebs saqarTveloSic kargad xvdebodnen. Tei-

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murazsa da luarsabs erTmaneTisaTvis fici miuciaT, rom `erTsulovanni da er-Tazrovanni~ iqnebodnen (araqel Tavrizeli). 1612 wels Sahma Teimurazi da luar-sabi mazandarnSi daibara nadirobis sababiT, Tumca mefeebi ar wavidnen, rac aSka-ra amboxs niSnavda. 1613 wels Sahi daiZra qarTl-kaxeTisken da ganjaSi dabanakda. man mZevlebad moiTxova Teimurazis Svilebi da dedofali qeTevani. Teimurazi iZulebuli gaxda deda da Svilebi gaegzavna. 1614 wels Sahi kaxeTSi SemoiWra da 50 dRis ganmavlobaSi miwasTan gaaswora ayvavebuli qveyana. Teimurazi brZoliT ixevda qarTlisaken. arc luarsabs hyavda sakmarisi Zalebi da oriveni imereTSi gadaixvewnen. kaxeTis mmarTvelad Sahma gamahmadianebuli kaxi batoniSvili isa-xani daniSna.

1615 wels, rodesac osmaleTis armia mehmed faSas meTaurobiT iranis sazRvrebs miadga, kaxelebs imedi miecaT da ajanydnen. ajanyebulebma, daviT jan-dieris, xelmZRvanelobiT sul gawyvites alaverdis taZarSi Cayenebuli yizil-baSTa garnizoni da saswrafod Teimurazi moiwvies. Teimurazi Camovida kaxeTSi da daiwyo yizilbaSTagan kaxeTis cixeebis gawmenda. amasobaSi Sahma isev Sekriba jari da cnobili sardlis, aliyuli-xanis meTaurobiT Seutia kaxeTs. Teimurazma amjeradac moaxerxa mtris damarcxeba.

1616 wels Sah-abasi uzarmazari jariT qarTlSi Semovida. aqedan gausia razme-bi kaxeTs. Teimurazi, romelic iranze osmalTa Setevas moeloda, gaecala Sahs da isev imereTSi gadavida. mtris xelSi darCenili qveyana udides gasaWirSi Cavarda. kaxelebi TavganwirviT igeriebdnen mters yvelgan, yvela simagresTan, cixesa da qalaqTan, magram mtris simravles ver audiodnen. yizilbaSebi gzadagza Cexdnen nargavebs, wvavdnen soflebs, datyvevebul mosaxleobas iranSi erekebodnen. qveyana `daingra da miwasTan iqna gasworebuli~ (iskander munSi). 1616-1617 wleb-Si Sahi kidev orjer SemoiWra kaxeTSi, mospo da daangria Tu ram darCeniliyo. am Semosevebisas kaxeTma dakarga mosaxleobis ori mesamedi. iraneli istorikosis azriT, es Teimurazis moRalateobrivi politikis, misi `uwesobisa da urCobis~ Sedegi iyo.

Teimurazi gautexeli mebrZoli iyo. masze Sahma saSinlad iZia Suri – daa-saWurisa misi vaJebi, ramac imsxverpla kidec erT-erTi maTgani, xolo qeTevan de-dofali ki 1624 wels saSineli wamebiT mokla.

1625 wels iranis winaaRmdeg kvlav aRdga qarTli da kaxeTi giorgi saakaZis me-TaurobiT. ajanyebulebma ramdenime dReSi gawmindes qarTl-kaxeTi yizilbaSTa-gan, magram am brZolebs Sahis armiis naxevaric Seewira. Turqi istorikosis ibra-him feCevis TqmiT, `Sahs ormoci wlis ganmavlobaSi aseTi zarali ar mosvlia~.

1626 wels Teimurazi da giorgi saakaZe isev erTad ibrZvian yizilbaSTa wi-naaRmdeg, aTavisufleben qarTl-kaxeTis cixeebs, magarm saakaZis gandidebam gaa-Riziana didgvarovani Tavadebi, SuRli Camovarda giorgisa da Teimurazs Sori-sac. iskander munSis cnobiT, `mouravsa da Teimurazs Soris erTmaneTisadmi SiSi gaCnda, bolos aiSalnen da erTmaneTs daSordnen.~ saqarTvelos istoriis umZi-mesi ZmaTamakvleli omi, romelic bazaleTis tbastan gaimarTa, Teimurazisa da misi momxre Tavadebis gamarjvebiT damTavrda. amis Semdeg Teimurazma Sida qarT-li daikava. Sahi iZulebuli gaxda xeli aeRo Tavis gegmaze da Teimurazi qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTianebuli samefos mefed ecno, magram formalurad Sahis erTguli svimon-xani isev ise rCeboda qarTlis gamgeblad.

1620-1624 wlebSi, rodesac giorgi saakaZis TaosnobiT igegmeboda ajanyebis momzadeba iranel dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg, Teimurazi osmaleTidan cdilobda

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daxmarebis miRebas. 1618, 1623 wlebSi man ruseTsac mimarTa, Tumca am mcdelobebs Sedegi ar mohyolia. 1622 wels Teimurazma romis papTan daxmarebis saTxovnelad gaagzavna nikifore ColayaSvili, romelic 1629 wels mxolod papis gamamxnevebeli weriliT dabrunda. Sah-abasis gegmis CaSlisa da iranTan vasaluri urTierTobis aRdgenis Semdegac Teimurazi agrZelebs brZolas amierkavkasiidan iranis gan-devnisaTvis. amis gamo hqonia mas miwer-mowera sulTan murad IV-sTan (1623-1640), romelic garkveul imedebs usaxavda uTanasworo brZolaSi Cabmul mefes. 1630 wels sulTnisagan Teimurazi damaimedebel werils iRebs: ~... Cemi locva da ke-Tilganwyoba Senkenaa mimarTuli... Cemi sapatio xalaTebidan sixarulis momgvre-li erTi xalaTi giwyalobeT da giboZeT,... mTeli Seni laSqriTa da xalxis gamo-Cenili pirebiT moemzade da, Tu maRalma alahma ineba, roca Cemi Zlevamosili saxelganTqmuli sardali mag mxarisaken wamova, xolo saqarTvelos amirebi mag mxarisaken daiZrebian, Senc saTanado adgilas maT SeuerTdi... ZalmosilebiT Seu-deqi saZageli yizilbaSis Jletas, vaJkacurad, mamacurad da gabedulad gaisarje, islamis sarwmunoebisadmi sakadrisi Tavgameteba da sibejiTe gamoiCine...~

amave periodSi aqtiurad ganixileboda amierkavkasiel xalxTa gaerTianebuli brZolis gegma iranel dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg ruseTisa da osmaleTis daxmarebiT. miuxedavad didi mcdelobebisa, gegmas ar ewera ganxorcieleba – saqarTvelosa da somxeTs ar gaaCnda saWiro Zala, xolo maTi droebiTi politikuri mokavSiree-bi ar iyvnen saimedoni. Teimurazis gaTvlebi Zalebis realuri Tanafardobidan ar gamomdinareobda.

1631 wels Teimurazis siZem zurab erisTavma qarTlis nominaluri mmarTveli, simon-xani, mokla. Teimurazi faqtiurad mTel qarTl-kaxeTs daeufla. mxolod TbilisSi idga yizilbaSTa jari. Teimurazma Sah-sefis gulis mosagebad sakuTa-ri siZec, zurabic moakvlevina da Tavisi daqvrivebuli qaliSvili colad imere-Tis mefis giorgis Zes, aleqsandres misca. Sah-sefim oficialurad cno Teimura-zi qarTl-kaxeTis mefed. am periodis Sesaxeb mefe arCili Tavis `gabaasebaSi~ ase aTqmevinebs Teimurazs:

`dammorCilda yovli urCi, xelT sabmeli viTa bmoda,yovlgan isma es ambavi da Seiqmna saamboda, Sveba iyo samudamo, lxin-sobaTi Seimkoda~. 1629 wels Sah-abasi gardaicvala da iranis taxti daikava Sah-sefi I-ma. misi fa-

voriti xosro-mirza (momavali rostom mefe) Sahis karze Teimurazis winaaRmdeg moqmedebda da mis Sesacvlelad emzadeboda. Teimurazi isev daufaravad ibrZoda iranis winaaRmdeg, Tumca qveyanas saamiso Zala aRar gaaCnda. man rostomis mcde-lobiT iranidan gamoZevebul yarabaRis beglarbeg daud-xan undilaZesTan erTad daarbia barda da yarabaRi, ramac Sahis risxva gamoiwvia. didi mcdelobiTa da kom-promisebis gziT miRweuli mSvidobis SenarCuneba qveyanaSi ukve SeuZlebeli iyo.

Teimurazis RalatiT ganrisxebulma Sah-sefim misgan daud-xanis gacema moiTxova, razedac uari miiRo. `rostom-xansa da mis momxreT marjve SemTxveva miecaT, rostomis xanoba mefobad daemSvenebinaT~ (iv. javaxiSvili). 1632 wels ro-stomi qarTlis mefed, xolo kaxeTis mmarTvelad yizilbaSi selim-xani daniSnes. iranis armia isev Semoesia saqarTvelos. Teimurazma imereTs Seafara Tavi.

marTalia, rostomis dros qarTlSi mSvidoba damyarda, magram mahmadia-ni mefis yizilbaSuri wesebiT `Sezavebul mSvidobas~ qarTlis Tavadebi ver eguebodnen, isev Teimurazs ugzavnidnen `saficris wignebs~ da mefed iwvevdnen. Teimurazma ramdenjerme gailaSqra rostomis winaaRmdeg, magram sabolood da-

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marcxda. igi kaxeTSi gadavida, gaaZeva iqidan selim-xani da 1634 wels daikava kaxe-Ti. mas Semdeg, rac rostoms yizilbaSTagan samxedro Zala wamoeSvela, Teimura-zi dauzavda rostoms, Tavisi qaliSvili TinaTini ki Sahs gaugzavna. man Sahisagan kaxeTis mefed `cnobis~ rayami miiRo. daucxromeli Teimurazi SemdgomSic agrZe-lebda brZolas qarTlis taxtisaTvis qarTlel TavadTa erTi jgufis mxardaWe-riT, Tumca yvela misi gamosvla marcxiT mTavrdeboda. amasTan igi ar wyvetda ru-seTTan da osmaleTTan molaparakebebs, romlebic kvlav uSedegod mTavrdeboda. 1639 wels iran-osmaleTis xangrZlivi omi dasrulda zaviT, romelmac gaimeora amasiis zavis pirobebi _ dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi `saqarTveloebis~ or nawi-lad, iranisa da osmaleTis gavlenis sferoebad dayofisa.

rostomisa da Teimurazis dazaveba ver moxerxda. 1648 wels rostomi qarTli-sa da yizilbaSTa jariT kaxeTs Seesia. Teimurazi isev damarcxda. brZolaSi dai-Rupa misi vaJi daviTi. damarcxebul Teimurazs, romelic misma momxreebmac ga-wires, rostomma imereTSi gadasvlis saSualeba misca. Teimurazma sabolood da-karga kaxeTi. amasobaSi rostommac moigo qarTvelebis guli da qveyanaSi nanatri mSvidoba Camovarda.

Teimurazi am marcxis Semdegac ganagrZobda mokavSireTa Zebnas imereTsa da samegreloSi. iransa da osmaleTs Soris dadebuli zavis gamo mas osmaleTis ime-dic gadaewura da mTeli yuradReba ruseTisaken mimarTa, sadac mZevlad sakuTa-ri SviliSvilic gaagzavna. realuri daxmareba arc iqidan Canda. 1661 wels saso-warkveTili Teimurazi berad aRikveca. igi jer skandis cixeSi cxovrobda, bolos ki Sahnavazis CagonebiT (vaxtang V) Sahs eaxla, rac iranis sabolood gamarjvebas niSnavda. ̀ mters damorCilda sparsel dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg ormocdaaTwlovani brZolis mesaWe~ (n. berZeniSvili).

sikvdilis win Teimurazi astarabadis cixeSi imyofeboda. igi daamwyvdies mas Semdeg, rac misi SviliSvili, erekle batoniSvili, ar gamocxadda SahTan. mra-valWirgadaxdili mefe 1663 wels 74 wlis asakSi gardaicvala.

qarTveli istorikosebis SefasebiT, rostomma gaimarjva Tavisi zomieri po-litikiT – igi ZiriTadad misaRebi iyo qarTvelTaTvis da sasurveli iranisaTvis, romelsac mosveneba hqonda dakarguli Teimurazis gauTavebeli brZoliT. igi ia-raRiT cdilobda im saqmis gakeTebas, rasac rostomi mSvidobiani gziT aRwevda. Teimurazis nabijebi xSirad ar emyareboda ZalTa Tanafardobis adekvatur Se-fasebas; misi gmiruli da Tavganwiruli susliskveTeba qveyanas sisxlismRvrel omebad ujdeboda, magram am daucxromeli mebrZolis Seurigeblobam irani aiZula did daTmobebze wasuliyo.

qarTuli mwerlobis istoriaSi Teimuraz mefem waruSleli kvali datova. misi Semoqmedeba mravalmxrivia rogorc Janrobrivad, ise Sinaarsobrivad. man daamkvi-dra qarTul poeziaSi `gabaaseba~ da `anbanTqeba~, Semoitana saistorio eposi, `ma-jama~, rogorc poetur TxzulebaTa `krebuli~ da sxv. misi Semoqmedeba moicavs sparsulidan gadmokeTebul da originalur nawarmoebebs. iranSi yofnisas yrma Teimurazma zedmiwevniT Seiswavla sparsuli ena – `iswavebda wignsa da enasa sparsTasa”(`qarTlis cxovreba~, II). mas ekuTvnis aRmosavlur samyaroSi farTod gavrcelebuli romantikuli siuJetebis – iusufisa da zuleixas, leilisa da majnunis, Samisa da farvanis, vardisa da bulbulis – gadamuSavebebi. mkvlevarTa azriT, es SedarebiT Tavisufali gardaTqmaa, romlebSic Teimurazi gvevlineba sparsuli enisa da am samyaros kulturuli garemos SesaniSnav mcodned. iranis wi-naaRmdeg daucxromeli mebrZoli didad afasebda am qveynis kulturas da Sesani-

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Snav sparsul mwerlobas: `sparsTa enisa sitkboman masurva musikobanio~. misi poe-mebi, rogorc Tavad ambobs, `pirvel sparsTagan Tqmulia..., qarTulad gaTargmnu-lia~.

Teimurazis originalur SemoqmedebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs `gabaasebis~ (aRmosavleTSi cnobili `munazares~) JanrSi daweril Txzulebas `gazafxul-Semodgomiani~, romelsac erTvis `soflis samduravi~, sadac avtori mogviTxrobs Tavisi tragikuli cxovrebis umZimesi epizodebis Sesaxeb.

Teimurazma Seqmna religiuri da saero lirikis sayuradRebo nimuSebi. mis Se-moqmedebaSi mZlavrad gaismis religiuri motivi – gulwrfeli, Rrma da sinanu-liT aRsavse. misi Txzuleba `SvidTa krebaTaTvis~, romelic CaxruxauliTaa dawe-rili, exeba eklesiis istorias; CamoTvlilia is krebebi, romlebzec mwvalebloba ganaqiqes. mas ekuTvnis agreTve sami `anbanTqeba~, romlebic aseve religiuri Si-naarsisaa.

sagangebod unda aRiniSnos Teimurazis `majama~, romelic ar warmoadgens mxolod omonimebis Semcvel nawarmoebs. rogorc poeti ambobs, `leqsTa RaribTa, ucxoTa, romel ars gamokrebili. . . sparsulad hqvian majama, Seyrilad iTargma-neba~. es sagangebod SerCeuli wignebis an leqsebis krebulia, sadac poeti amkobs amqveyniur mSvenierebas, saubrobs Tavis savalalo bedze da sxv. masSi gaerTiane-buli odebi aRbeWdilia Rrma lirizmiT, poeturi siRrmiTa da moxdenili mxatvru-li saxeebiT. `majama~ ara marto Teimurazis, aramed saerTod, qarTuli poeziis saukeTeso nimuSadaa miCneuli (k. kekeliZe).

vaxtang V (igive Sahnavaz I), qarTlis mefe 1658-1676 wlebSi, Ze Teimuraz muxranbatonisa, rostom mefis Svilobili, muxranuli Stos

fuZemdebeli qarTlis samefo taxtze.

vaxtang V dabadebula 1606 wels, Teimuraz muxranbatonis ojaxSi. baxuta-beg-vaxtang batoniSvilma axalgazrdobidanve Tavi gamoiCina rostom qarTlis mefisadmi (1632-1658) erTgulebiT. igi Tan axlda rostoms SeTqmul erisTavTa winaaRmdeg laSqrobisas. farsadan gorgijaniZis sityvebiT: am dRes muxranis ba-tonis mamacobis qeba sTqveso. swored vaxtangma acnoba cxireTSi myof rostoms Teimuraz I-is mosalodneli Tavdasxmis Taobaze. 1648 wels qarTlis mefis dava-lebiT TianeTSi gagzavnilma vaxtang batoniSvilma sastikad daamarcxa Teimuraz I. rostomisadmi Tavdadebuli samsaxuriT man qarTlis mefis ndoba da siyvaru-li daimsaxura. uSvilo rostom mefem memkvidris arCevani masze SeaCera. rostom mefem iranis Sahs Tavis sicocxleSive daamtkicebina vaxtang batoniSvili taxtis memkvidred. qarTlis gamgeblad daniSvnis sanacvlod iranis Sahma vaxtang bato-niSvili gaamahmadiana da Sahnavazi (Sahis sunTqva) uwoda. 1658 wels rostom mefe gardaicvala. qarTlSi vaxtang V (Sahnavaz I) gamefda.

qarTlSi vaxtang V-is gamefebiT dasabami mieca bagrationTa muxranuli Stos mefobas jer aRmosavleT – xolo Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos samefo taxtze (arCil II). Sahnavaz I, misi winamorbedi rostom mefis msgavsad, marTalia, qarTlSi mefed iwodeboda, magram iuridiulad iranis Sahis didmoxele vali (didi amiri) iyo. qarTlis taxtze damtkicebisTanave sparseTis mefem Sahnavaz-xans mosTxova rostom mefis qvrivze, mariam dedofalze daqorwineba. vaxtangi iZulebuli gaxda gaeSva pirveli coli, yaflan baraTaSvil-orbeliSvilis asuli rodami, romelTa-

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nac eqvsi vaJi da ori asuli hyavda, da eqorwina mariamze. vaxtang muxranbatonis qarTlis janiSinad daniSvnam, Semdeg ki misma game-

febam, qarTvel warCinebulTa erTi nawilis ukmayofileba gamoiwvia. qarTlis erT-erTi uZlieresi feodali zaal aragvis erisTavi, romelic winaaRmdegi iyo qarTlSi Zlieri xelisuflebisa, Seecada win aRdgomoda mis gamefebas da jariT dadga avlabars, magram erisTavma veraferi moimoqmeda da iZulebuli gaxda du-SeTs dabrunebuliyo. marcxis miuxedavad, is mainc mefis winaSe qedis moxras ar apirebda da skandis cixeSi (imereTi) myof ukve xandazmul Teimuraz I-s uTvlida, `qarTlsa da kaxeTs Tqvenis meti memkvidre patroni arsad darComiaTo~. vaxtang V-is Tanamoazreebs CaugonebiaT TeimurazisaTvis, ar ahyoloda erisTavis mowo-debas: raT gindaT amisTana sicocxleo, rom zaal erisTavio unda gagagdebs unda gagabatonebso (farsadan gorgijaniZe).

diplomatiuri niWiT dajildoebulma qarTlis mefem advilad moaxerxa am Sidadinastiuri brZolis Tavidan acileba. urCi feodalis dasasjelad is xel-sayrel dros eloda. vaxtangma kargad isargebla erisTavTa saxlis SigniT arse-buli konfliqtiT. man zaalis Zmiswulebs, imavdroulad Tavis diswulebs, rom-lebic `ganborotebulni iyvnen~ zaalisagan, 1660 wels moakvlevina zaal erisTavi (vaxuSti). amis Semdeg biZis mkvlel oTars aragvis erisTaoba, ediSers msajul-Tuxucesoba, iasons dedoflis saxlTuxicesoba uwyaloba (vaxuSti). vaxtang V ga-bedulad Seudga qveynis gaerTianebaze zrunvas. imereTis mefis aleqsandre III-is gardacvalebis (1660) Semdeg vaxtangma imereTSi dawyebuli areulobiT isargebla da 1661 wels imereTis taxtze Tavisi ufrosi Svili – arCili dasva. faqtobrivad vaxtangis gavlena kaxeTsac swvdeboda. amave dros vaxtangis momxreebma daarwmu-nes `yovelgniT uRono-qmnili kaxT batoni Teimurazi yaenTan wasuliyo, riTac iranis gulic moigo (vaxuSti batoniSvili). amrigad, vaxtangma droebiT, magram mainc moaxerxa saqarTvelos gaerTianeba da qveyanaSi stabilurobis damyareba: `da mefobda mefe vaxtang samTave samefoTa qarTlisa, kaxeTisa da imereTisa zeda da esreT gandidna da aRemata mefoba da simdidre misi saqarTvelosa Sina~ (beri egnataSvili).

magram vaxtangis Sida politikur warmatebebs safrTxe garedan daemuqra. 1639 wels iran-osmaleTs Soris dadebulma zavma aRadgina amasiis 1555 wlis piro-bebi, rac niSnavda, rom dasavleTi saqarTvelo osmaleTis, aRmosavleTi _ iranis gavlenis sferoebad iqna aRiarebuli. arCilis imereTSi gamefebam sulTnis mwvave reaqcia gamoiwvia. Seqmnili saerTaSoriso politikuri viTarebis gamo vaxtang V iZulebuli gaxda arCili imereTidan gamoewvia. man mxolod sami weli (1661-1663 ww) imefa dasavleT saqarTveloSi. imereTis taxtis sanacvlod Sah-abas II-m 1644 wels arCils kaxeTi uboZa. kaxeTis taxtze poziciebis gansamtkiceblad vaxtang da ar-Cil mefeebs ramdenime brZolis gamarTva mouxdaT Teimuraz I-is SviliSvilTan - erekle daviTis ZesTan (SemdgomSi erekle I nazarali-xani), romelsac kaxi dide-bulebi uWerdnen mxars. vaxtangma da arCilma gaimarjves, Tumca erekles momxre feodalebis SfoTi ar damcxrala. mefes kvlav aragvis erisTavi daupirispirda. vaxuSti batoniSvilis gadmocemiT, `scna arCil, rameTu oTar aragvis erisTavi da Zmani misni ezraxvian gamefebad erekles~. zomieri sagareo politikuri kursis mimdevari vaxtang V aragvis erisTavTan kaxeTis gamo Camovardnili konfliqtis gamo iranis SahTan urTierTobis daZabvas moerida ( aragvis erisTavs mamuli ira-nis Sahisagan hqonda damtkicebuli), arCil mefes ki urCi feodalisaTvis yma-mamu-lis CamorTmeva surda. maSin, rodesac oTar erisTavi iranSi gaemgzavra, arCil da

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vaxtang mefeebma duSeTi dalaSqres. qarTlSi dabrunebul oTars mefem daubruna erisTaoba. aragvis saerisTavos damorCilebis Semdeg aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi simSvide damyarda.

Tavad iZulebiT gamahmadianebuli qarTlis mefe yovelmxriv uwyobda xels qristianuli eklesiebis gaZlierebasa da moSlili qristianuli wesebis aRdge-nas: vaxtangma `mata rjulsa qristianobisasa da eklesiaTa, rameTu mcdelobda, raTa rostomis ganryunilni moego kualad kualsave Tvissa, vinaiTgan Jamsa missa ziareba sisxlisa da xorcisa uflisa sircxvlad uCndaT, aman kaTalikoziT do-mentiT kualad Semoiyvanna aRsarebad da ziarebad~ (vaxuSti). saeklesio saqmeebis mosawesrigeblad eklesiis saTaveSi man Caayena kaTalikosi domenti (1660-1675 ww), romlis xelmZRvanelobiT `ganSuendes wmidani eklesiani da monasterni da yovel-nive wesni eklesiaTani ganmravldes saqarTvelosa Sina mizeziTa ZeTa mefisa Sahna-vazisaTa (beri egnataSvili). vaxtangis droindel religiur situaciaze frangi mogzauri da vaWari Jan Sardeni werda: TbilisSi arc erTi meCeTi ar aris. miuxe-davad imisa, rom es qalaqi mahmadianur saxelmwifos ekuTvnis da mas mTeli misi mimdebare teritoriebiTurT mahmadiani mTavari ganagebs. sparselebi arafers ar iSurebdnen imisaTvis, rom aq meCeTi aeSenebinaT, magram saqme bolomde verasodes ver miuyvaniaT. xalxi maSinve aRsdgeboda xolme, iaraRiT xelSi angrevda nagebo-bas da sastikad uswordeboda mSeneblebs. saqarTvelos mTavrebi gulis siRrmeSi metad kmayofilni iyvnen xalxis amboxebebiT, Tumca garegnulad sawinaaRmdegos gamoxatavdnen (Sardeni).

vaxtangma daiwyo avbedobis Jams mosaxleobisagan daclili teritoriebis mo-Seneba: aman aRaSena da ganavso qarTli, TrialeTi, taSiri, aboci, romelsa Sina kac-ni ara iyvnen (vaxuSti).

saqarTvelos ekonomikuri aRmavlobisaTvis zrunvam vaxtang V-s naTlad daa-naxa vaWrobis gafarToebis aucilebloba. igi evropeli vaWrebis mosazidad mzad iyo maTTvis yovelgvari privilegiebi mieniWebina. `evropelebi, romlebic moi-surveben Cemi qveynis gavliT indoeTSi wasvlas, am qveyanaze ukeTes gzas versad ipovniano darwmunebuli var, Tu erTxel gaivlian am gziT, momavalSi sxva gzas aRar airCeveno - SeuTvlia mefes frangi komersantis, SardenisaTvis. Jan Sardenis am cnobam kidev erTxel warmoaCina vaxtang V-is sagareo polotikis mizani, ro-melic iTvaliswinebda qarTl-kaxeTis iranis vasalad aRiarebas da mSvidobiani gziT qarTuli saqmis keTebas.

ispahanSi arsebobda Zlieri antiqarTuli dajgufeba, romelic yoveli sa-SualebiT cdilobda Ziri gamoeTxara saqarTvelos gaerTianebisaken mimarTuli politikisaTvis. am dajgufebis karnaxiT Sah suleimanma (1666-1694 ) vaxtangisa da arCilis dasasusteblad kaxeTis taxtis memkvidre erekle batoniSvili gamoiyena. am dajgufebis meTauris, Seix ali xanis vaxtang mefesTan dapirispirebis mizezad vaxuSti batoniSvili mefis mier Tavisi asulis (anuka batoniSvilis) colad mice-maze uaris Tqmas asaxelebs.

Sah suleimanTan ispahans mimavali qarTlis mefe 1676 wels gzaSi gardaicvala. somxuri wyaros cnobiT, qarTlis mefis gardacvalebis sxva versias iZleva somexi mematiane zaqaria kanakerci: ispahanTan miaxloebulma vaxtangma Seityo, ro Sahi mas wamebiT moklavda (lomebs miugdebda), amitom sawamlavi miiRo da aResrula~.

vaxtang V-is gardacvalebis Semdeg, qarTlis taxti misma Zem giorgi XI-m daikava.amgvarad, qarTlis mefe vaxtang V-is moRvaweobis umTavresi mizani qveynis ga-

erTianeba da gaZliereba iyo. mis xelT arsebuli diplomatiuri saSualebebiT man

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garkveul warmatebas miaRwia. mahmadianobis miuxedavad, vaxtang V iranis poli-tikuri interesebis msaxuri arasodes gamxdara. Tavisi windaxeduli politikiT qarTls simSvide da keTildReoba moupova. Cveni qveynis istoriaSi is Rirseul mamuliSvilad da did politikur moRvawed darCa.

(masalebi mozadebulia `vikipediis~ mixedviT).

aqtivoba 3. teqstis komentirebuli kiTxva: am dros maswavlebeli mimarTavs teqstidan SerCeuli adgilebis kiTxvas, rasac Tan axlavs leqsikuri muSaoba. aqve viyenebT «mxatvruli Txrobis» elementebsac, rac gulisxmobs gamotovebuli ad-gilis fabulis sxartad gadmocemas maswavleblis mier. `komentirebuli kiTxvi-saTvis~ umjobesi iqneba SevarCioT Semdegi epizodebi:

1. peizaJi _ Tqveni azriT, ra mizani SeiZleba hqondes mwerals, adidebuli aragvis aRweriT? ra ganwyobas qmnis adidebuli aragvis xilva? risTvis gvamzadebs mwerali amiT?

2. kirile mRvdlis sizmari _ gaavleT paraleli saqarTvelos imdroindel mdgomareobasTan. risi simbolo SeiZleba iyos gveleSapi? risi simboloa alaver-di? raze unda migvniSnebdes am zRapris dasasruli?

3. teqstSi axali personaJis gamoCena _ rogor Semohyavs mwerals es gmiri teqstSi? gamoCenisTanave misi ra Tviseba ipyrobs mkiTxvelis yuradRebas?

`swored giJi unda iyo!.. TavSiSvela, uqudod rom kaci mogzaurobdes, gago-nila?

_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom ukvirs mxedris TavSiSveloba zaal erisTavs? (im dros qudi mamakacis aucilebeli atributi iyo da mxolod tansacmlis funqcia ar hqonda. aqve vakvirvebT teqstis saTaurzec `baSi-aCuki~, rac pirdapir Targ-manSi `uqudos~ niSnavs).

`_ imereli unda gaxlavdeT vinme! gaCeCil Tmaze fafanaki edeba da ar etyoba._ imereli?! imerels aqeT ra unda?”_ ra ukvirs zaals? rogor fiqrobT, raze migvaniSnebs es fraza? (teqstSi

aRwerilia feodaluri daqsaqsulobisa da gaTiSulobis xana, imereTs calke same-fo aqvs, amitom imerlis gamoCena aRmosavleT saqarTvelos am kuTxeSi, romelic formalurad qarTlis mefes emorCileba, marTlac saocaria).

4. dialogi axalmosulTan: ̀ Cemi gansacdeli raRa saxsenebelia, Seni Wirime, ma-Sin rodesac mTeli saqristiano gansacdelSia Cavardnili?!~ _ raze migvaniSnebs am fraziT mwerali? ras gulisxmobs `saqristianos gansacdelSi~? (gaavleT para-leli istoriul sinadvilesTan).

5. werili kaxeTidan: _ rogor axasiaTebs kaxeTSi Seqmnil viTarebas biZina Co-loyaSvili? ras sTxovs igi zaal erisTavs?

6. moulodneli stumrebi, SeTqmulTa samomavlo gegmebi _ ra poziciaze dgas zaali? rogor asabuTebs Tavis azrs? rogor asabuTeben Tavis pozicias stumrebi? riT hgavs da riT gansxvavdeba maTi Sexedulebebi?

7. saxifaTo gadawyvetileba _ ra gadawyvetilebas Rebulobs sabolood stu-mar-mapinZeli? ra faqtorma iqonia gadamwyveti mniSvneloba zaalis dayoliebi-saTvis? raze migvaniSnebs amiT mwerali?

aqtivoba 4. wakiTxulis gaazreba: _ sad xdeba moqmedeba? ra amZafrebs mkiTxvelis yuradRebas?_ ra sizmari naxa kirile mRvdelma? gadmoeciT Sinaarsi!

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_ rogor gamoCnda moTxrobaSi baSi-aCuki (glaxuna baqraZe)? misi ra Tvisebebi Cans pirvelive epizodSi?

_ vin gamoagzavna baSi-aCuki zaal erisTavTan da ratom?_ rogor daiTanxmes zaal aragvis erisTavi ajanyebulebisaTvis jari mieSve-

lebina? ra monawileoba miiRo am saqmeSi kirile mRvdelma?_ ratom iyo uarze zaal aragvis erisTavi, monawileoba mieRo kaxeTis Seiara-

Rebul ajanyebaSi? _ eTanxmebiT mis msjelobas, mis argumentebs? rogor fiqrobT, vis po-

zicias iziarebs mwerali? ratom fiqrobT ase? (teqstSi kirile mRvdlis sizmris saSualebiT xazgasmiT aris miniSnebuli, rom dampyrobTa wi-naaRmdeg omi RvTis nebaa, romelsac veravin da veraferi aRudgeba win; ma-gram mwerlis gamokveTili pozicia am faqtis mimarT jerjerobiT ar ikveTeba).

aqtivoba 5. Sefaseba;

aqtivoba 6. saSinao davaleba: Sin damoukideblad waikiTxon teqstis momdevno ori Tavic, Seadginon gegma Sinaarsis TxrobiT gadmosacemad, moiniSnon teqstSi frazeologizmebi (andazebi, aforizmebi), werilobiT: `mzadeba ajanyebisaTvis~ (II Tavis mixedviT), saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi CaurTon citatebi.

III-IV gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao weriTi davalebebis Semowmeba:moswavleebi klass acnoben sakuTar weriT namuSevrebs da ismenen maT Sefase-

bas. saboloo komentars akeTebs maswavlebeli. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva III pirSi Txrobas, citatebis mizanmimarTul gamoyenebas.

aqtivoba 2. wakiTxulis Sinaarsis gadmocema Sin winaswar Sedgenili gegmis mixed-viT:

ar aris aucilebli mTlianad gadmoices Sin wakiTxuli oTxive Tavis Sinaar-si, maswavlebeli yuradRebas amaxvilebs mxolod ZiriTad, sakvanZo sakiTxebze. am mizniT viyenebT damxmare kiTxvebsac.

aqtivoba 3. wakiTxulis gaazreba:_ romeli istoriul personaJebi gvxvdeba teqstSi? (zaal erisTavi, Salva da

elizbar qsnis erisTavebi, kaxeTis mefe Teimuraz I). daaxasiaTeT es personaJebi Seswavlili monakveTebis mixedviT. miaqcieT yuradReba, rogor axasiaTeben Teimu-razis mefobas rigiTi adamianebi. Tqveni azriT, riT aris gamowveuli maTi amgvari Sefaseba?

_ Seswavlili monakveTebis mixedviT daaxasiaTeT saqarTvelos imdroindeli politikuri, socialuri da zneobrivi mdgomareoba (qveyana dayofilia calkeul nawilebad, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi ori samefoa _ qarTlisa, romelsac gana-gebs gamusulmanebuli vaxtang V, igive Sahnavazi, da kaxeTisa _ romelsac Timuraz I ganagebs. es mefeebi sparseTis `valebad~ iTvlebian, maTi samefoebis xelSi Casag-debad sparseTs TurqeTi ecileba, qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefeebi sparseTs yovelw-liurad xarks uxdian, samagierod saparseTic `icavs~ maT TurqeTisagan da `ar

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exeba~ maTs enasa da sarwmunoebas. faqtebi ki sxvas metyvelebs _ gaixseneT biZina ColoyaSvilis werili. samefoebs Soris erTi SexedviT keTili damokidebuleba sufevs. calkea aragvis da qsnis saerisTavoebi, misi erisTavebi qarTlis mefis po-litikiT maincdamainc kmayofilebi ar Canan, Tumca xmamaRla mefes _ vaxtang V-s _ ar upirispirdebian. sruliad calke moCans imereTis samefo. gaixseneT imereTidan gadmoxvewili glaxa baqraZis sityvebi, `samSoblos~ rom emSvidobeboda. Qqristia-noba safrTxis winaSea, taZrebi Seuracxyves, wirva-locva aRar ismis... xalxi ukma-yofiloa Seqmnili viTarebiT da amaSi, pirvel rigSi, mefeTa araswor saxelmwifo politikas Tvlis. Ggamusulmanebul Sah-navazs Seuracxmyofeli saxeliT (`wi-nadacveTili~) saxeliT moixsenieben. Kkidev ufro ukmayofiloni arian kaxele-bi Teimuraz I-is politikiT. teqstSi aSkarad ikveTeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelos (kaxeTis samefos) politikuri orientaciis sakiTxi _ romeli dampyrobi `sjobs~: qristianuli ruseTi Tu mahmadianuri saparseTi. rac Seexeba ganaTlebasa da mwerlobas, rogorc teqstidan irkveva, sasulieroze metad axalgazrdobas saero mwerloba ufro izidavs, amis gamoa, rom saxarebaze metad `vexistyaosans~ kiTxu-loben da mis gmirebs hbaZaven. miuxedavad qveyanaSi Seqmnili mZime socialuri da politikuri viTarebisa, qarTuli mwerloba viTardeba. amis nimuSia Teimuraz I-is Semoqmedeba.)

_ Tqveni azriT, romeli literaturuli gmiria Tavidan bolomde avtoris fantaziis nayofi? ras vgebulobT teqstidan mis Sesaxeb? glaxo baqraZis (igive baSi-aCuki) romel Tvisebebs gamoyofT? daasabuTeT teqstis mixedviT.

_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom Semoiyvana mwerlma imereli personaJi nawarmoebSi? (pasuxi: amiT surs xazi gausvas, rom kaxeTSi Seqmnili politikuri viTareba saer-To qarTuli satkivaria).

aqtivoba 3. mwerlis enaze dakvirveba: _ Tqven unda mogeniSnaT wakiTxul teqstSi frazeologizmebi. romel andazebs

iyenebs mwerali Txrobisas? (èrTi xidan baric gamova da niCabic~, `cixe Signidan gatydeba~, `sifrTxiles Tavi ar astkiva~, `Tofi meTofes da meTofe sofelso~, èrTi mercxlis WikWiki gazafxuls ver moiyvanso~...);

_ romel aforizmebs vxvdebiT am teqstSi? (`mteri moyvrulad mosuli mter-zedac uaresiao~, ìgi wava da sxva mova turfasa sabaRnarosa~, `sjobs sicocxlesa nazraxsa sikvdili saxelovani~...);

_ sad ufro xSirad gvxvdeba es frazeologizmebi _ avtoriseul Tu per-sonaJis metyvelebaSi? (andazebi ZiriTadad personaJebis metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba; aforizmebi _orive SemTxvevaSi);

_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom mimarTavs am xerxs avtori? (ufro gamomsaxveli rom gaxados maTi metyveleba, andaza personaJs xSirad Tavisi mosazrebis gasamya-reblad sWirdeba).

sagangebo yuradrebas moiTxovs agreTve dialeqtizmebi, romelic yovel gakveTilze iqceva saTanado dakvirvebis sagnad: baxi (imer. Uvargisi cxeni), bu-Wula (imer. patara wisqvili), Telxi (imer. sio), gasisindeboda (aq: gaZReboda, gai-bereboda)...

aqve vakvirvebT mwerlis mier mxatvruli xerxebis: Sedareba (`gveliviT moiklakneboda CuxCuxa aragvi~...), metaforis (àduRebuli aragvis wyali~...) ga-moyenebis SemTxvevebze, idiomatur frazebze (`SiSis qari~...), ficilis formebze (`Tqveni risxva nu momecema~, `Tu giyvarde~...), saliteraturo enidan gadaxvevis

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SemTxvevebze (`ijdnen~, `samive dadumdnen~, `miayvires orivem~...), winadadebis ti-pebze modalobis mixedviT da maTTan saTanado sasveni niSnebis gamoyenebaze...

aqtivoba 4. teqstis komentirebuli kiTxva: moswavleebi maswavleblis komentirebiT kiTxuloben teqstis me-5 Tavs.

I. Sah-abasis politika kaxeTSi._ rogor aris teqstSi aRwerili Sah-abasis sisxliani terori kaxeTSi?_ riT aris es teritoria misTvis gansakuTrebiT mimzidveli?_ rogoria mtris TvaliT danaxuli kaxeTi? _ rogor cvlis dampyrobi Tavis politikas? _ ra Sedegi gamoiRo am politikam qveyanaSi?..

II. kaxeTis mebatone biZina ColoyaSvili._ riT gamoirCeva biZina Tavis Tanamedrove sxva Tavadebisagan? ras vgebu-

lobT mis Sesaxeb teqstidan? rogoria mis mimarT sazogadoebis damokidebuleba?

III. jandieris stumroba._ riT iqcevs biZa-disSvilis dialogi mkiTxvelis yuradRebas? riT gansxvavde-

ba maTi poziciebi?_ biZina ColoyaSvilis ra Tvisebebs gvacnobs aq mwerali? rogor, ra mxatvru-

li xerxebis gamoyenebiT aRwevs amas?_ ra molodins qmnis mkiTxvelSi biZina ColoyaSvilis principuloba?

IV. moulodneli gadawyvetileba. _ Tqveni azriT, risTvis dasWirda mwerals alaznis peizaJze yuradRebis ga-

maxvileba? risTvis qmnis aq fons mSobliuri bunebis aRwera?_ ra gadawyvetilebamde midis biZina? ramdenad gamarTlebuli moCans misi es

gadawyvetileba Seqmnil viTarebaSi?

aqtivoba 5. Sefaseba:

aqtivoba 6. saSinao davaleba: waikiTxon teqstis me-5, me-6, me-7, me-8 Tavebi, Seadginon gegma Sinaarsis gadmosacemad, moZebnoT da moiniSnon teqstSi dia-leqtizmebi, arqaizmebi, saliteraturo enidan gadaxvevis SemTxvevebi; aagon weri-lobiTi teqsti saxelmZRvaneloSi miTiTebuli erT-erTi andazis mixedviT.

V-VI gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. weriTi namuSevrebis analizi da Sefaseba.

aqtivoba 2. wakiTxuli monakveTebis Sinaarsis gadmocema gabmuli TxrobiT.

aqtivoba 3. wakiTxulis gaazreba da Sefaseba:_ ram ganapiroba Sah-abasis politikis Secvla kaxeTSi? qarTvelebis ra Tvise-

ba gamoiyena vergma Sahma? ra daisaxa miznad Sahma? (`jer unda sxeuli daudundes,

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suli daumdabldes da mere, mxolod mere SeiZleba misi modreka~)._ ra Sedegi mohyva am politikis Secvlas? rogor aRwers mwerali qveynis zne-

obriv gaxrwnas?_ eris TviTmyofadobisaTvis, teqstis mixedviT, ra aris aucilebeli? (rju-

li/ sarwmunoeba da ena)._ rogor fiqrobT, ra ufro saSiSi iyo qveynisTvis: fizikuri ganadgureba

Tu zneobrivi gadagvareba? (moswavleebs eZlevaT azris Tavisuflad gamoTqmis saSualeba, mTavaria, SeZlon mosazrebis dasabuTeba. moqmedebs principi: yvelas azri sainteresoa.)

_ `ena SeibRala, did ojaxebSi qarTulad laparaki kidec ercxvinebodaT... samarTali ucxo enaze iyo, wirva-locvis da galobis kilo Seicvala, mRvdelmTa-vrebis moadgiled axundebi gaxdnen da msajul-moZRvrebad – mola-yadebi~, _ ase aRwers mwerali me-17 s-is Sua xanebis qarTl-kaxeTs. gaixseneT akakis Tanamedrove saqarTvelo (me-19 s-is meore naxevari: saxelmwifo ena _ rusuli, swavleba rusul enazea, wirva-locvac aseve, msajulebad rusi moxeleebi, romlebic wyalobas _ Cin-medlebs _ ar akleben `ganaTlebul~ qarTvelebs) da gaavleT paralelebi. ro-gor fiqrobT, ra alegoriuli datvirTva aqvs am adgils teqstSi? riT hgavs igi akakis Tanamedrove yofas? risTvis dasWirda mwerals istoriis gacocxleba?

_ romeli personaJi qmnis teqstSi moRalate qarTvelebis ganzogadebul saxes? (mayaSvili).

_ amgvari qarTvelebisTvis ra aris mTavari? rogoria maT mimarT sparsuli xelisuflebis damokidebuleba? qarTveli xalxisa?..

_ kidev romeli medrove qarTvelebis saxeebia teqstSi naCvenebi? (abaSiZe, jandieri, wereTeli). daakvirdiT: romel fenas ekuTvnian es medroveni? Tqveni azriT, raze migvaniSnebs amiT mwerali?

_ romeli axali personaJebi Semohyavs mwerals teqstSi? ras vgebulobT maT Sesaxeb teqstidan? riTi ipyroben isini mkiTxvelis yuradRebas?..

aqtivoba 4. mwerlis enaze dakvirveba:winadadebis modalobaze dakvirveba _ Zaxilis winadadeba, brZanebiTi winada-

deba. maTTan dakavSirebuli intonaciur-punaqtuaciuri sakiTxebi;sinonimebi, antonimebi, omonimebi; teqstSi saTanado adgilebis moZebna;mxatvrul saxeebze dakvirveba;frazeologizmebze dakvirveba;literaturuli enis normebidan gadaxvevis SemTxvevebi, mravlis aRniSvneli

sityva arsebiT saxelTan. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sruldeba saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli davaleba.

aqtivoba 5. teqstis momdevno nawilebis (me-9 _ me-11 Tavebi) komentirebuli kiTxva.

aqtivoba 6. Sefaseba.

aqtivoba 7. saSinao davaleba: teqstis modevno nawilebis Sinaarsis gadmosace-mad Seadginon gegma, dasaweri: `Tavganwirva~ (me-10 Tavis mixedviT).

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VII-VIII gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao weriTi davalebebis analizi da komentireba.

aqtivoba 2. wakiTxulis Sinaarsis nawil-nawil gadmocema winaswar Sedegenili gegmis mixedviT.

aqtivoba 3. teqstis gaazreba:_ vis uwodebs mwerali `gavardnilebs~? ra mizani aqvs maT moqmedebas? ro-

gor fiqrobT, sworia maT mier arCeuli brZolis gza? (am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba erTgvari minidiskusiac ki Catardes).

_ romeli axali personaJebi Semohyavs mwerals nawarmoebSi? riT iqcevs yura-dRebas abduSahili?

_ igi, rogorc mtris saxe, amovardnilia saerTo konteqstidan. ra xerxs mi-marTavs misi portretis dasaxatavad mwerali? riT gansxvavdeba igi yizilbaSebi-sagan?

_ teqstSi mwerals personaJi qalebic Semohyavs. riT iqceven es qalebi (me-lano, pirimzisa, pirimTvarisa) mkiTxvelis yuradRebas? Tqveni azriT, ramdenad realuria maTi saxeebi? ratom fiqrobT ase?

_ rogor fiqrobT, ra mizani aqvs mwerlis mxridan am gmirebis idealizacias? ratom iyenebs am xerxs avtori?

aqtivoba 4. mwerlis enaze dakvirveba: a) barbarizmebi _ teqstSi uxvad gvxvdeba nawarmoebSi asaxuli epoqisaTvis da-

maxasiaTebeli leqsikuri erTeulebi. es upirveles yovlisa, barbarizmebs exeba: baS-usta (diax, batono _ Turq.), `Saitan, Saitan~, `aferum~ (`satana, satana~, `ba-raqala~ _ spars.), axundi (sp. moZRvari, maswavlebeli), `salavaTi~ (arab.). am aR-mosavluri barbarizmebis gamoyenebiT mwerali qmnis saTanado istoriul fons epoqisas, romelSic mis gmirebs uxdebaT cxovreba. sayuradReboa is faqtic, rom erT-erTi personaJis (Timsal-makos) metyvelebaSi gvxvdeba rusuli barbarizmi `derciki~, rac albaT mwerals Segnebulad ar unda hqondes gamoyenebuli.

b) antonimur wyvilebze dakvirveba:„maSin, netarebiT gabruebuls, maRliT ca exsneboda, da axla ki, ubedurebiT

sulSexuTuls, dedamiwa uskdeboda!~ _ moZebneT mocemul winadadebaSi antonimuri wyvilebi: 1) erTsityviani (maSin

_ axla); 2) ori sityvisgan Semdgari (netarebiT gabruebuli _ ubedurebiT sul-SexuTuli); 3) antonimuri frazeologizmebi (ca exsneboda _ dedamiwa uskdeboda).

_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom iyenebs am xerxs mwerali? (ufro zusti, mravli-smTqmeli da xatovani rom gaxados nawarmoebis mxatvruli qsovili).

g) saliteraturo normebidan gadaxvevis SemTxvevebi. (qvemdebare-Semasmenlis ricxvSi araswori formiT Sewyoba, I piris formebTan piris niSnebis gamotoveba).

amgvari cdomilebebis erT-erT mizezi mwerlis sasaubro metyvelebasTan daaxloebis survili unda iyos: ̀ me ver vaxerxeb kecad-kecad saubars da yovelTvis ubralo sityvebiT, mdabio qarTuliT gamovTqvam xolme Cems azrsa~ (akaki).

d) winadadebis wevrebze dakvirveba _ zmna-Semasmeneli, misi raoba, funqciebi, gamoxatvis saSulebani.

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aqtivoba 5. teqstis momdevno nawilis komentirebuli kiTxva:komentireba keTdeba Semdeg epizodebze:

1. moulodneli ajanyeba;2. kaxeTi ajanyebis Semdeg;3. Sahis werili;4. darbazoba vaxtangis karze;5. saerTo gadawyvetileba.wakiTxulis gaazrebisaTvis daismis Semdegi kiTxvebi:_ rogoria Sah-abasis politika gamarjvebulebis mimarT? ra xerxs mimarTa

man?_ rogor fiqrobT, riT aris ganpirobebuli Sahnavazis ormagi politika

dampyrobis mimarT? daaxasiaTeT mefe vaxtangi am epizodebis mixedviT._ ra saSiSroebis winaSe dadga qarTli kaxelebis am ajanayebis Semdeg? _ ra poziciaze dganan didebulebi?_ rogor asabuTebs Tavis mosazrebas zaal erisTavi? ramdenad misaRebad mi-

gaCniaT misi es mosazreba? am personaJis ra Tvisebebi ikveTeba am monakveTSi?_ gansakuTrebiT romeli gmiri iqcevs mkiTxvelis yuradRebas?_ ra mxatvrul xerxs mimarTavs mwerali elizbar erisTavis naazrevis gadmo-

sacemad? ra STabeWdilebas axdens es gmiri amiT darbazze?_ piradad Tqvenze ra STabeWdileba moaxdina am epizodma? ramdenad damaje-

reblad SeZlo mweralma gadmoeca gmirebis ganwyoba da suliskveTeba?..


aqtivoba 7. saSinao davaleba: a) teqstis Sinaarsis gadmosacemad Seadginon momdevno Tavebis gegma, b) aagon weriTi Txzuleba `kaxeTis mxsnelebi~, g) teqstSi mocemulia ori gvaris istoria, survilis SemTxvevaSi moswavleebma Tavadac moi-Zion masala sakuTari gvaris Sesaxeb

IX-X gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao weriTi davalebis Semowmeba.

aqtivoba 2. wakiTxulis Sinaarsis gadmocema winaswar Sedgenili gemis mixedviT. yuradReba maxvildeba sakvanZo sakiTxebze: Sahis werilsa da samefo karis

darbazobis scenaze, im mxatvrul xerxebze, romelTac mwerali iyenebs Txrobisas.

aqtivoba 3. wakiTxulis Sejameba, mTliani teqstis literaturul-mxatvruli analizi:

_ erTxel kidev gavixsenoT istoriuli faqtebi am ajanyebis Sesaxeb: „XVII saukuneSi kaxeTSi sparsuli agresia mZvinvarebda. kaxeTis sabolood ga-

sanadgureblad sparselma dampyroblebma gadawyvites adgilobrivi mosaxleoba aeyaraT da mis adgilas 80000 Turqmani CaesaxlebinaT. sparselebma baxtrionis cixe da alaverdis monasteri cixesimagreebad gadaakeTes. aq gamagrebul sparse-

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Tis jars Casaxlebuli Turqmanebi qarTvelTa Tavdasxmisagan unda daecva.kaxeTi didi safrTxis winaSe aRmoCnda. TurqmanTa Casaxlebis winaaRmdeg

daiwyo saxalxo moZraoba, romelSic mosaxleobis didi nawili Caeba. ajanyebas sa-TaveSi Caudga zaal aragvis erisTavi. uSualo organizatorebi iyvnen biZina Co-loyaSvili, Salva da elizbar qsnis erisTavebi. ajanyebaSi aqtiuri monawileoba miiRes TuS-fSav-xevsurebma zezva gafrindaulis, nadira xoSaraulisa da gogo-lauris meTaurobiT.

1659 wels qarTvelebi gaerTianebuli ZaliT Tavs daesxnen baxtrionisa da ala-verdis cixeebs da mTlianad amowyvites iq gamagrebuli TaTrebi. ase rom, qarTvel mamuliSviTa Tavdadebam kaxeTi gadaSenebisgan ixsna.

biZina ColoyaSvili, Salva da elizbar qsnis erisTavebi sparseTSi sastikad awames. qarTulma eklesiam isini wmindanebad Seracxa.

ajanyebis moTave mTielebi xalxma mraval leqssa da simReraSi ukvdavyo. am istoriul movlenas miuZRvna akaki wereTelma moTxroba „baSi-aCuki~, xolo vaJa-fSavelam poema „baxtrioni~.

_ ra masala aiRo mweralma istoriidan ucvlelad? (Tavad istoriuli faqti _ kaxeTis ajanyeba, Camosaxlebuli ulusebis gaJleta, Semoiyvana istoriuli pire-bi, istoriidan aris cnobili misi organizatorebis tragikuli xvedric...).

_ romeli istoriuli faqtia nawilobriv Secvlili? (zaal aragvis erisTa-vi faqtiurad ajanyebis sulisCamdgmeli da xelmZRvaneli iyo, aq ki mwerali mas ajanyebis erT-erT monawiled warmogvidgens mxolod; aseve _ istoriidan cnobi-lia, rom kaxeTis am ajanyebaSi mTavari gmirebi ubralo adamianebi iyvnen, xalxur-ma sityvierebam maTi saxelebic Semogvinaxa, magram teqstSi mwerali dums maT Se-saxeb/cvlis am saxalxo gmirebis saxelebs...).

_ mwerlis ra mxatvruli gamonagoni daemata amas? (Semoiyvana literatu-ruli personaJebi _ baSi-aCuki, misi debi, abduSahili, melano, wereTlis asuli... amas daemata samijnuro epizodebi, qarTveli qalis sarwmunoebisaTvis da mamuli-saTvis Tavganwirvis magaliTebi...)

_ rogor fiqrobT, rogor epyroba mwerali istriul masalas? (nawilobriv cvlis mas, magram ise, rom ar amaxinjebs mTavar faqts).

_ ratom akeTebs amas? (mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis saintereso rom iyos aq gadmocemuli ambavi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, es iqneboda istoriuli qronika da ara mxatvruli nawarmoebi).

aqve vaZlevT fabulisa da siuJetis ganmartebebs._ modiT, gavmijnoT erTmaneTisagan istoriuli sinamdvile da mxatvruli ga-

moanagoni. (aq SeiZleba gamoviyenoT wyvilebSi muSaoba: wyvilis erTi wevri Camo-wers teqstSi gaSuqebul istoriul faqtebs, meore _ mwerlis gamonagons).

_ gavecnoT am sakiTxis Sesaxeb literaturis kritikaSi gamoTqmul `Tval-sazriss”:

`akaki wereTels arasodes itacebda warsuli, rogorc dokumenti, amitomac gaurbis igi istoriul detalebs. mis istoriul moTxrobaSi adgili ara aqvs daT-mobili saxlis mowyobilobaTa, TviT gmirTa garegnobis aRwerilobas, maT xasia-Tebsa da yofa-cxovrebis asaxvas. maTi adgili `baSi-aCukSi~ zRaprul motivebs uWiravs. ... akakis arc hqonia ganzraxuli, rom wminda istoriuli moTxroba daewe-ra. man Tavisi Tanadrouli saqarTvelo gadaitana me-17 saukuneSi da amgvarad ki-dev ufro mkafiod gamoamJRavna bedi Tavisi drois saqarTvelosi~. (demna Senge-laia).

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_ `baSi-aCukis~ gacnobis Semdeg eTanxmebiT Tu ara am mosazrebas? rogor fiqrobT, marTla gaurbis mwerali istoriuli detalebis Cvenebas? (nawilobriv gaurbis, Tumca cdilobs, rom personaJTa metyvelebiT, bunebis suraTebis aRwe-riT, istoriuli personaJebis SemoyvaniT gaacocxlos is garemo, sadac es moqme-deba xdeboda).

_ `man Tavisi Tanadrouli saqarTvelo gadaitana me-17 saukuneSi da amgva-rad kidev ufro mkafiod gamoamJRavna bedi Tavisi drois saqarTvelosi~, _ weria `TvalsazrisSi~. rogor fiqrobT, rogor SeZlo es mweralma? ra akavSirebs teqst-Si aRweril istoriul faqtsa da me-19 sakunis meore naxevris saqarTvelos? (orive SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelo dapyrobilia da waSlilia politikuri rukidan, Tu me-17 saukuneSi saqarTvelos calkeul samefoebs formalurad mainc hyavdaT mefeebi, axla qarTvel mefes ruseTis mefisnacvalma Secvala, masac zustad is politika hqonda qarTvelebis mimarT, romelsac mwerali ̀ baSi-aCukSi~ dawvrilebiT aRwers. rogorc istoriidan gaxlavT cnobili, ruseTmac Tavisi samxedro mmarTveloba samoqalaqo mmarTvelobiT Secvala, ramac, marTlia, eri fizikur ganadgurebas gadaarCina, magram zneobrivad gadaagvara. mwerali kargad icnobs Tavis Taname-droveTa yofas da yvelaze metad qveynis es zneobrivi gadagvareba uklavs guls; awuxebs qarTuli tradiciebis ugulebelyofa, qarTuli enis SezRudva... amis Se-saxeb is Tamamad saubrobs warsul droSi, aseve Tamamad saubrobs medroveobaze, rogorc qveynis daRupvis erT-erT mTavar mizezze, jandieris msgavsi medrovee-biT akakis Tanamedrove saqarTvelo sakmaod `mdidari~ iyo).

_ Tqveni azriT, ra mizani hqonda akaki wereTels, `baSi-aCuks~ rom werda? (erTi mxriv, surda, rom gaexsenebina qarTvelebisaTvis Cveni qveynis warsulis erT-erTi samaayo furceli, romelsac albaT bevri arc icnobda; meore mxriv _ Tavis TanamedroveebSi aReZra protestis grZnoba mefis ruseTis mimarT, gamo-efxizlebina eri).

aqtivoba 4. `ra vicodi, ra gavige, ris gageba mainteresebs~: akaki wereTlis `baSi-aCukze~ muSaoba swored am sqemiT daiwyo. teqstis wa-

kiTxvamde moswavleebma Seavses grafa ̀ ra vicodi~, axla erToblivad avseben grafas `ra gavige~; `ris gageba mainteresebs~ ivseba individualurad TiToeuli moswavlis mier.

aqtivoba 5. `ra damaxsovrda klasis datovebis Semdeg~:moswavleebi furclebze weren, ra daamaxsovrdaT am masalidan klasis dato-

vebis Semdeg; naweri survilisamebr SeiZleba gaacnon partniors (mewyviles), mTel klass, an Caabaron mxolod maswavlebels.


aqtivoba 7. saSinao davaleba: 1) Seswavlili teqstis irgvliv Camoweron 4-5 iseTi sakiTxi, romlis Sesaxebac siamovnebiT da didi interesiT daweren, amave dros moiZion damatebiTi informacia am sakiTxebis Sesaxeb (repeticia akademiuri werisaTvis), 2) erTxel kidev gadaxedon teqsts, moiniSnon saliteraturo enis normebidan gadaxvevis faqtebi, aqve miuTiTon, rodis iyenebs maT mwerali (per-sonaJis/avtoriseul metyvelebaSi), ratom iyenebs (a) cdilobs Seqmnas foni, b) ar icis swori forma, g) surs dauaxlovdes xalxur metyvelebas).

31

XI-XII gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. mwerlis enaze dakvirveba:moswavleebs unda moeZiebinaT teqstSi saliteraturo enis normebidan ga-

daxvevis SemTxvevebi da daefiqsirebinaT Tavisi azri _ ratom, ra mizeziT, ra mizniT iyenebs mwerali am formebs.

akakis enis Taviseburebebs moswavleebi teqstis damuSavebis procesSi gzadag-za akvirdebodnen, axla ki gamTliandeba da sistemaSi mova es codna.

a) fonetikuri movlenebi, rac xSir SemTxvevaSi imeruli dialeqtis gavlenas unda mieweros: `zaali ki Tavs veRar axwevda~ (asimilacia), `gaduSva azvirTebul wyalSi~ (zmniswiniseuli xmovnis dakargva), àmixseni, Tvara goneba mekargeba~ (o bgeris Secvla va kompleqsiT), `Savi oxSivari komliviT amouSva~ (va kompleqsis o-d qceva) ... amgvari SemTxvevebi ZiriTadad personaJTa metyvlebaSi gvxvdeba.

b) morfologiuri movlenebi: èseebi yvela gadaeci baSi-aCuksa~, àmaebs Za-lian gulmodginebiT iZaxda~ (CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli eb-iani mr. formiT gvxvde-ba); `baSi-aCuks raT geZaxiano?~ `Cven raT gavuxdeT mizezad~ (viT. brunvis niSnis araswori gamoyeneba), ”dedasTan erTad tyved wauyvanivar~, `qveyana gavakvirvoT da mters Tvalebi dauyenoT~ (I piris sub. piris niSnis gamotoveba u xmovniT dawye-bul fuZeebTan), ̀ caze varskvlavebi akiafden~, ̀ wadi, sTxove, mobrZanden~ (-nen da-boloebis nacvlad-en bolosarTis gamoyeneba wyvetilis mesame piris mr. ricxvis formebTan, rac saerTod aris damaxasiaTebeli akakis enisTvis), àr gijobsT, rom winaRudgeT uwmindurs!~, `Cems meti aravin hyavsT~, ìmereli unda gaxldesT~ (sub. III piris niSnis _ s _ SenarCuneba ob. mr. niSanTan erTad)...

c) sintaqsuri movlenebi: `yvela TaTrebma~, òri debi~, (darRveulia mravlis aRmniSvnel sityvasTan arsebiTi saxelis ricxvSi SeTanxmeba), `yvela uyurebden~, `samive dadumden~ (darRveulia qvemdebare-Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis wesi) „masTan erTad sxva axalgazrdebia~ (aq vawvdiT wess Sedgenili Semsmenlis Sekve-cili formis Sesaxeb _ Tu Sedgenili Semasmenlis saxeladi nawili sulier sagans aRniSnavs da mravlobT ricxvSia, masTan damxmare „aris~ zmnis mravlobiTi ricxvis formas viyenebT, romelic ar ikveceba).

aRsaniSnavia, rom es da msgavsi darRvevebi ZiriTadad personaJTa metyvele-baSi gvxvdeba. igi emsaxureba, erTis mxriv _ personaJTa daxasiaTebas, meore mxriv ki, rogorc Tavad mwerali aRniSnavda, samwerlo enis sasaubro enasTan daaxloe-bas (~...mdabio qarTuliT gamovTqvam xolme Cems azrsa~) . aqve SeiZleba gavacnoT ramdenime amonaridi, romlebSic mwerali sagulisxmo SeniSvnebs gamoTqvams sali-teraturo enis Sesaxeb:

`Cven, inteligentebma, ena ar viciT da veZalebiT SeTxzvas, maSin, rodesac is wminda qarTuli sityvebi xalxSi darCenila da Cven ki ar viciT~.

`me mgonia, cxadi iyos yvelasTvis, rom saqarTvelos erTianobis dros enac

erTi gvqonia, Rrmad SemuSavebuli da wesieradac dakanonebuli... samefos gayofi-sa da dacalkevebis Semdeg enasac xrwnileba Separvia, adgilobrivi kilo miuRia da ise Selaxula, rom dRes is kanonieri ena aRarsad ismis~.

`samwerlo da sadarbaislo qarTuli imaT (megrelebma) Cvenze naklebad ar

32

ician. megruli dRes salaroa namdvili qarTuli sityvebisa. aRmosavleT saqarTve-los dahkargvia namdvili qarTuli sityvebi, maT nacvlad somxur-sparsul-Ta-Truli SemouRia, romelic qarTulis yurs cudad eCxireba da gulsa swyins... da megrul enaSi ki Senaxulan obol margalitebad is Zveli sityvebi. Cven vurCevT Cvens mwerleb-mwignobrebs meti yuradReba miaqcion megruls, rom iqidan amokre-bil sityvebiT Seavson maTi Selaxuli qarTuli leqsikoni. es rom asea, yvelam vi-ciT~.

aqtivoba 3. jgufuri muSaoba: SeiZleba mwerlis enaze dakvirvebis mizniT mivmarToT jgufur muSaobas: klasi iyofa ramdenime jgufad. pirvel jgufs va-valebT moiZion teqstis me-5 TavSi aforizmebi, II jgufs _ andazebi, III jgufs _ dialeqtizmebisa da barbarizmebis nimuSebi, IV jgufs _ saliteraturo enis nor-midan gadaxvevis faqtebi, V jgufs _ idiomaturi gamoTqmebi saTanado Sesatyvise-biT (Cven amjerad arCevani am Tavze imis gamo SevaCereT, rom igi sakmaod mdidaria amgvari formebiT, maswavlebels SeuZlia misi Secvla).

aqtivoba 4. strategia `xuTstriqoniani leqsi~. am mizniT aseve saintereso SeiZleba aRmoCndes (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs literaturuli masalis intergrireba enobrivTan) e. w. `xuTstriqoniani leqsi~.

meTodis aRwera:

pirvel striqonze iwereba erTi arsebiTi saxeli, romelsac am teqstisaTvis sakvanZo mniSvneloba aqvs.

meore striqonze iwereba am arsebiT saxelTan dakavSirebuli ori zedsarTavi saxeli;

mesame striqonze _ am arsebiT saxelTan dakavSirebuli sami zmna;meoTxe striqonze _ am arsebiTi saxelis gamoyenebiT oTxsityviani winadade-

ba;mexuTe striqonze _ sityva, romelic kravs da amTlianebs yvela danarCen

sityvasa da frazas.

nimuSi: baSi-aCuki Tavdadebuli, erTguli ibrZvis, uyvars, imarjvebs Seubralebelia qveynis mtrebTan brZolaSi gmiri

aqtivoba 5. personaJTa daxasiaTeba _ am mizniT SeiZleba SevadginoT calkeuli gmirisaTvis `rukac~, sadac aRiniSneba gmiris Tviseba da am Tvisebis damadasture-beli adgili teqstidan.

aqtivoba 6. samodelo weris gakveTili:

meTodis aRwera:a) repeticia _ wina gakveTilze moswavleebs vTxoveT individualurad Camoewe-

33

raT TemasTan (`baSi-aCuki~) dakavSirebiT 4-5 iseTi sakiTxi, romelsac siamovnebiT da didi interesiT gaaSuqebdnen, unda moeZiebinaT saWiro masalac am sakiTxebis irgvliv (am etapze xdeba ara mxolod sakiTxebis SerCeva, aramed maT Sesaxeb yve-la SesaZlo informaciis, Sexedulebisa da ideis moZieba; savaraudo sakiTxebi: istoriuli sinamdvile `baSi-aCukSi~; mxatvruli gamonagoni `baSi-aCukSi~; qalTa saxeebi `baSi-aCukSi~, abduSahilis saxecvla.. )

b) Temis SerCeva _ amis Semdeg moswavleebs vTxovT: 1. dawyvildnen (an Cveni Sexedulebisamebr davawyvilebT), 2. daexmaron mewyviles Temis SerCevaSi (am dros SeiZleba erTmaneTs dausvan kiTxvebi: ratom SearCie maincdamainc es sakiTxi? ra informacias flob am sakiTxis irgvliv? ramdenad aqtualurad migaCnia es sakiTxi sadReisod?..); 3. CainiSnon mewyvilis dasmuli sakiTxebi, radgan es weris procesis dagegmvasa da naSromis daxvewaSi daexmarebaT; 4. Ggadaxedon rveulSi CaniSnul Se-kiTxvebs da SearCion Tema, romelic sainteresoa, amasTanave mis Sesaxeb garkveul informaciasac floben.

g) monaxazis Seqmna _ amas SeiZleba hqondes gegmis an asociaciuri rukis saxe. iqmneba ramdenime varianti, romelic mewyvilesTan erTad ganixileba;

d) Txzulebis pirveladi variantis Seqmna _ ganvusazRvravT dros individua-luri naSromis Sesaqmnelad (20-25 wT); weris damTavrebis Semdeg mewyvilesTan er-Tad ganixilaven naSroms da gamoTqvamen mosazrebas erTmaneTis nawerze, SeiZleba erTmaneTs miscen rCevebic, romelsac survilisamebr gaiTvaliswineben.

e) gadasinjva da redaqtireba _ es aris naSromSi SemCneuli Secdomebis aRmoCe-na da Casworeba. am dros mewyvileebma SeiZleba erTmaneTSi gacvalon naSromebi, waikiTxon da SemCneul Secdomebze miuTiTon erTmaneTs;

v) naSromi auditoriis samsjavroze gamodis _ moswavleebi klasTan erTad ga-nixilaven sakuTar naSromebs. am mizniT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT e.w. `saavtoro ska-mic~.

ra Tqma unda, am meTodis gamoyeneba Tavad maswavleblis survilzea damokide-buli. `weris samodelo gakveTilis~ nacvlad mas warmatebiT SeuZlia tradiciuli `saklaso weris gakveTilis~ Catarebac misTvis sasurvel Temaze.


mosalodneli Sedegebis Sesabamisoba erovnul saswavlo gemgasTan:

qarT. VIII. 1. moswavles SeuZlia konkretul sakiTxebze msjelobis mosmena da sakuTari Tvalsazrisis warmodgena auditoriis winaSe.

qarT. VIII. 5. moswavles SeuZlia gaiazros, gaaanalizos da Seafasos teqstebi (mxatvruli da aramxatvruli), romlebic Seicaven garkveul Tvalsazriss an msje-lobas konkretul sakiTxebze.

qarT. VIII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia nawarmoebis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis gaanali-zeba.

qarT. VIII. 8. moswavles SeuZlia mxatvruli xerxebisa da enobrivi maxasiaTeble-bis codnis gamoyeneba teqstebis gasaanalizeblad.

qarT. VIII. 10. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiT gadmosces sakuTari Tvalsazrisi, imsjelos konkretul sakiTxze saTanado argumentebis moxmobiT.

qarT. VIII. 13. moswavles SeuZlia weris strategiebis gamoyeneba naweris efeqtu-ri organizebisaTvis.

34

masala: SoTa rusTavelis `vefxistyaosani~ (TaTbiri nuradin fridonisa, TaT-biri avTandilisa, TaTbiri tarielisa) arqaizmebi

miznebi:poeturi teqstis aRqmainformaciis miReba da gadacema moswavleTa mierleqsikuri maragis gamdidrebagamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis CvevaTa gamomuSavebaSeswavlili teqstis mixedviT personaJis warmosaxviTi portretis Seqmnakritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebaweris strategiebis dauflebakiTxvis strategiebis dauflebazneobriv-esTetikur RirebulebaTa Camoyalibeba

I gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentaci (10-12wT).

aqtivoba 2. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba (5-7 wT): am etapze maswavlebels SeuZlia sxva-dasxva strategiis gamoyeneba, kerZod:

a) asociaciuri ruka _ meTodis aRwera: 1) dafis an furclis centrSi vwerT ZiriTad sityvas (`vefxistyaosani~/ SoTa rusTaveli), 2) Semdeg Camoiwereba is sityvebi da frazebi, romlebic moswavleTa warmodgenaSi am sityvasTan asocir-deba, 3) isrebiT erTmaneTTan vaerTebT iseT sityvebsa da frazebs, romlebic azrobrivad erTmaneTTan aris dakavSirebuli (es meTodi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba gamowvevis fazaze).

b) sqema: `vici _ gavige/viswavle _ ris gageba mainteresebs~. am sqemis pirveli grafa `vici~ ivseba gamowvevis fazaSi, `gavige/viswavle~ da `ris gageba maintere-sebs~ wakiTxulis gaazrebisa da Sejamebis fazaSi;

g) maswavleblis tradiciuli Sesavali saubari.damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: ̀ vefxistyaosnis~ avtoris vinaobis

Sesaxeb arsebuli mTeli masala SeiZleba oTx nawilad dajgufdes: 1) Tavad poemis teqsti (prologi da epilogi), 2) palestinis jvris monastris warwera da iqve ga-mosaxuli freska, 3) zepiri tradicia _ xalxis mier Taobidan TaobisTvis gadmo-cemuli sxvadasxva masalad, 4) XVI- XVII s-is qarTuli mwerloba.

poemaSi naxsenebi informacia avtoris Sesaxeb maswavleblisTvis Cvengan da-konkretebas ar saWiroebs; rac Seexeba palestinis jvris monasterSi gamosaxul freskasa da saTanado warweras, moswavleTa erTi nawilisaTvis igi ukve cnobi-lia wina klasebidan. am freskis Sesaxeb pirvel cnobas gvawvdis XVIII s-is saekle-sio moRvawe da mogzauri timoTe gabaSvili: `jvris monasteri daZvelebula da gumbaTis qveda sveti gauaxlebia da dauxatvinebia mTqmelsa leqsTa borotTa, romelmac aswavla qarTvelTa siwmidnis wil bilweba da garyvna qristianoba... So-Tas vityvi rusTvelsa meWurWleTuxucess, TiTonac Sig xatia moxucebuli~ (t. ga-baSvili, `mimosvla~, 1956, gv. 80). 1845 w aq imogzaura peterburgis universitetis profesorma d. CubinaSvilma, romelmac naxa es portreti; am portretis aq arse-boba daadastura al. cagarelmac 1883 w, magram 1902 w niko mars aq igi aRar daxve-dria. igi Savi saRebaviT daufaravT eklesiis imdroindel mesveurT, romelTac

35

iq qarTuli kvalis waSla surdaT. 1960 wlis cnobil eqspedicias, romlis Semad-genlobaSic akaki SaniZe, giorgi wereTeli da irakli abaSiZe imyofebodnen, didi Zalisxmeva dasWirda am portretisa da warweris aRsadgenad. mkvlevarTa azriT, freskaze gamoxatulia didgvarovani maRali Tanamdebobis piri. igi gamosaxaulia cnobil filosofosTa _ ioane damaskelsa da maqsime aRmasarebels _ win muxlmo-drekili: `amis damxatavsa SoTa (s) Seundves RmerTman amin~. suraTs qvemoT aqvs warwera: `rusTveli~. rogorc cnobilia, es freska bolo wlebSi ramdenjerme kidev daazianes.

amis gamo TiTqos SeiZleba sarwmunod miviCnioT xalxuri gadmocema, rom sicocxlis bolo wlebi SoTa rusTavels ierusalimis jvris monasterSi gauta-rebia. am cnobas mxars uWers monastris saaRape wignis aRwerilobac, romelSiac moxseniebulia SoTa meWurWleTuxucesi. freskaze gamosaxuli piri da saaRape wi-gnSi naxsenebi SoTa meWurWleTuxucesi erTi da igive piri unda iyos. (el. metre-veli, SeniSvnebi SoTa meWurWleTuxucesis aRapisa da SoTa rusTavelis freskis irgvliv, saq. ssr mecn. akad. moambe, 1961, #3).

poemis avtorad rusTavels miiCneven XVI_XVII s-is moRvaweni: serapion gabaSvi-li, Teimuraz pirveli, arCili.

rac Seexeba zepir gadmocemas rusTavelis Sesaxeb, aq wina planzea wamoweu-li misi uimedo trfoba Tamar mefis mimarT, ris gamoc igi saqarTvelodan ierusa-limSi gadaxvewila da iq berad aRkvecila. am gadmocemis mixedviT, mas ganaTleba jer saqarTveloSi _ iyalTos akademiaSi _ miuRia, Semdeg saberZneTSi dausru-lebia (an piriqiT _ jer saberZneTSi da Semdeg _ saqarTveloSi). igi didad dawi-naurebula samefo karze da maRali TanamdebobisTvisac miuRwevia. mainc romeli rusTavis mkvidri iyo igi? am kiTxvaze ar arsebobs zusti pasuxi. mkvlevarTa nawi-li mas mesxeTis mkvidrad miiCnevs, am mosazrebas TiTqos ganamtkicebs qvabisxevis monasterSi arsebuli XII s-is freska axalgazrda Wabukis gamosaxulebiT da warwe-riT `SoTa~~.

ra Tqma unda, zepirgadmocema mniSvnelovani wyaroa, magram mecnierebisaTvis mTavari dokumenturi masalaa da amitom yvelaferi es varaudia da ara dadastu-rebuli faqti. rogorc specialistebi fiqroben, jerjerobiT utyuaria mxolod is, rom poemis avtori SoTa rusTavelia da is Tamaris epoqaSi cxovrobda, man poe-ma mefe qals miuZRvna, rusTaveli zewodebaa da aRniSnavs sadaurobas an garkveuli adgilis mflobelobas; viciT, rom misi saxeli ukavSirdeba palestinis jvris moan-sters. poemis Semdeg yvelaze sarwmuno wyarod palestinis masala miiCneva. sxva yve-laferi varaudia da momavali kvlevis sagans warmoadgens (m. TaboriZe, vefxistya-osnis lituraturul-esTetikuri analizi skolaSi, Tb. 2001, gv. 94).

aqtivoba 3. teqstze muSaoba (12-15 wT): `vefxistyosnis~ teqstze muSaobis yve-laze aprobirebuli meTodi gaxlavT komentirebuli kiTxva (g. nioraZe, m. Tabori-Ze, n. ruxaZe...), kerZod, klasSi wakiTxuli teqstis komentireba maswavleblis mier. teqsti ikiTxeba jer mTlianad, Semdeg ki nawil-nawil, ra drosac did adgils ika-vebs axali leqsikuri erTeulebis axsna, TiToeuli taepis gaSinaarseba da Semdeg wakiTxulis gamTlianeba. aqve vakvirvebT moswavleebs mxatvrul saxeebze, raTa mivaRwioT literaturis swavlebis ZiriTad mizans: nawarmoebis aRqmas Sinaarsi-sa da formis erTianobis dacviT, teqstis literaturul-esTetikur analizs. es ki sakmaod rTulia am asakis moswavleebTan iseT teqstze muSaobisas, rogoric `vefxistyaosania~.

36

maswavleblis daxmarebiT moswavleTa mier gaSinaarsebuli teqsti daaxloe-biT aseT saxes miiRebs:

1. fridonma Tqva: Cems azrs getyviT, romelic mcdari ar unda iyos. Cven co-tani varT, qalaqs ki mxolod didi jari Tu aiRebs. pirispir ver movereviT, axla kvexnis dro ar aris, aTas wels ver SevalT iq, kari Tu dagviketes.

2. bavSvobaSi Cemma gamzrdelebma jambazis xelobac maswavles. vici Tokze ga-svlac. ise gavdiodi Tokze, rom Tvals veravin maswrebda. bavSvebi roca miyurebn-den, me Semomnatrodnen.

3. visac ukeT SeuZlia qamandis srola, vesroloT, gamovabaT cixis burjs, me masze ise gavivli, rogorc velze, SigniT myof qajebs erTianad amovxocav.

4. abjriT Tokze gasvla da faris gatana ar gamiWirdeba, Semdeg cixeSi Cavxte-bi swrafad, qariviT davacxrebi Tavs, laSqars amovxocav, kars gavaReb da Rias da-gaxvedrebT, Tqven ki iq modiT, sadac brZolis xma mogesmebaT.

teqstis gaSinaarsebis Semdeg daismis faqtobriv masalaze orientirebuli (I donis) kiTxvebi:

_ rogor aRwers fridoni qajTa cixes? ratom ar aqvs mas pirispir Sebmis ime-di? romeli sityviT axasiaTebs igi Seqmnil viTarebas?

_ ras aswavlidnen mas bavSvobaSi? ra SeuZlia axla mas? _ ras sTavazobs igi megobrebs?_ romeli sityva migviTiTebs teqstSi mis simarjveze? (am kiTxvebze pasuxebis

gacema xdeba uSualod teqstobrivi masalis moSveliebiT.)

aqtivoba 4. wakiTxulis gaazreba (7-8 wT): _ Tqveni azriT, raze metyvelebs is faqti, rom momaval mefes, fridons, ,,sa-

muSaiTod~ zrdidnen? (im dros miaCndaT, rom mefe yvela gansacdelisTvis unda yofiliyo mzad da yvelaferi scodnoda).

_ ramdenad usafrTxod da gonivrulad migaCniaT fridonis gegmis ganxorcie-leba? (moswavleebi TviTon msjeloben da asabuTeben TavianT azrs.).

_ Tqveni azriT, airCeven Tu ara megobrebi fridoniseul gegmas? ratom fiqrobT ase? rogor fiqrobT, rogor ganviTardeba teqstSi Semdgomi movlenebi? ra gaZlevT am fiqris safuZvels?..

aqtivoba 5. saSinao davaleba (2-3wT): wakiTxulis mixedviT aagon werilobiT teqsti: `fridonis gegma~. vizualizeba –survilisamebr Seqmnan teqstis mixedviT mxatvruli ilustra-

ciebi. g) moZion xalxuri sityvierebidan masala `vefxistyaosnisa~ da misi avtoris

Sesaxeb (am mizniT gamoiyenon biblioTeka da internetresursebi).

II gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia ( 5-6wT):

aqtivoba 2. Sinaarsis realizeba. (8-10 wT): am dros yuradReba eqceva ambis lo-gikuri TanmimdevrobiT gadmocemas. damatebiT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT `ormxriv CanawerTa dRiuri~.

37

meTodis aRwera:a) rveulis furcels vyofT vertikaluri xaziT.b) moswavleebma teqstidan unda amoiweron is frazebi (faqtebi), romlebmac

gansakuTrebuli STabeWdileba moaxdina maTze da moaTavson rveulis marcxena mxares.

g) marjvena mxares moswavle wers: ratom airCia es monakveTi? ram moaxdina ma-sze STabeWdileba?

d) rveulSi minimum sami Canaweri mainc unda gakeTdes.e) roca muSaobas daamTavreben, moswavleebi klass uziareben TavianT STa-

beWdilebebs. (weriTi namuSevrebi ar swordeba da ar fasdeba maswavleblis mier).

aqtivoba 3. wakiTxulis Sefaseba (8-10 wT):_ `Cven cotani varT, qalaqi didTagan saomaria; piris-pir omi ar Zal-gvic, ar

Jami sakvexaria~, _ ambobs teqstSi fridoni. mis ra Tvisebaze metyvelebs es sityve-bi? (realurad afasebs Seqmnil viTarebas da eZebs gamosavals).

_ fridoni sakmaod moqnilia da marjve, daasabuTeT es teqstis mixedviT (`asre gavidi sabelsa, rom Tvali ver momkidian..., abjriTa gavla arad miCs...).

_ fridoni TviTon kisrulobs umZimes gadawyvetilebas. romel sityvebSi Cans es? rogor axasiaTebs mas es momenti? rogor warmoCindeba igi mkiTxvelis winaSe? davaxasiaToT fridoni am epizodis mixedviT.

aqtivoba 4. mwerlis enaze dakvirveba (5 wT):_ daakvirdiT taepSi marcvalTa raodenobas. ramdenmarcvliania TiToeuli

taepi? (aq SeiZleba mivceT Sairis ganmarteba _ qarTuli leqsis ZiriTadi sazomi, 16 marcvliani).

damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: Sairi (arab. Sahir) _ 1. leqsi, ro-gorc poeturi forma (zogadad), meleqseoba, 2. 16 marcvliani leqsi. leqsis es zoma xalxuri Semoqmedebidan unda iyos Semosuli; pirvelad himnografma fili-pem gamoiyena Tavis sagalobelSi, igive zoma gamoyenebulia `daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZSi~, romlis avtorad arsen iyalToeli iTvleba. rusTavelTan ki am zomam srulyofas miaRwia da Semdgomi xanis poetebi didxans am zomiT werdnen. rusTa-veli iyenebs Sairis or saxes: maRals (4:4.4:4 _ sjobs, dadegiT / damalulni / Tqven adgilas / idumalsa) da dabals (5:3.5:3/3:5.3:5 _ `Cemsa simcrosa/ gamzrdelni/ samu-SaiTod/ mzrdidian~...). rogorc dabal, ise maRal SairSi mTavari cezura (gayofa) 8 marcvlis Semdeg modis. maRali da dabali Sairi erTmaneTisagan sruliad gansxva-vebul ritms iZleva, amitom maTi wakiTxvac sruliad gansxvavebuli intonaciiT xdeba, es icavs poemas monotonurobisagan da saxaliso sakiTxavi xdeba.

_ moZebneT strofebSi riTmis nimuSebi. ra saxis riTma gamoiyeneba am leqs-Si? (mosazRvre). ramdenmarcvliani riTmiT aris dawerili es leqsi? (dawerilia es monakveTi sammarcvliani riTmiT; SeniSvna: dabal SairSi _ da es monakveTi amis nimuSia _ ZiriTadad sammarcvliani riTmebi gvxvdeba).

_ moZebneT teqstSi is strofebi, sadac riTmad gamoyenebulia: a) zmna (meore strofi: mzrdidian, mwvrTidian, momkidian, inatridian), b) arsebiTi saxeli (me-oTxe strofi: farisa, qarisa, karisa, zarisa);

_ moZebneT teqstSi arqauli formiT gamoyenebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi. rogor fiqrobT, am TvalsazrisiT romeli metyvelebis nawilebi Warbobs? (zmnebi: miCs, maxltunvebdian, Cavxletebi, gavaxvam...)

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aqtivoba 5. Tavisufali wera (7-8wT).meTodis aRwera: teqstis damuSavebis Semdeg moswavleebs vTxovT 5 wuTis

ganmavlobaSi SeuCerebliv weron yvelaferi, rac am Temis garSemo daamaxsovr-daT. 5 wuTis gasvlis Semdeg SesaZlebelia partniors xmamaRla waukiTxon Tavisi naSromi. vTxovT, survilis mixedviT gauaziaron klass sakuTari naazrevi.

aqtivoba 6. Sefaseba: (2-3wT): maswavlebeli aucileblad akeTebs gamoxmaurebas am nawerebis garSemo da akeTebs ganmaviTarebel Sefasebas, rac gakveTilis bolos SeiZleba ganmsazRvrel SefasebaSic aisaxos.

aqtivoba 7. saSinao davaleba: (2-3 wT): a) werilobiT daaxasiaTon Seswavlili monakveTis mixedviT fridoni, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi CaurTon citatebi; b) amo-weron teqstidan gramatikuli arqaizmebis nimuSebi da miuweron Sesatyvisebi Ta-namedrove formiT.

III-IV gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao weriTi namuSevrebis Semowmeba da analizi.aqtivoba 2. teqstis momdevno epizodis komentirebuli kiTxva.epizodi jer mTlianad ikiTxeba Tavidan bolomde, Semdeg ki _ nawil-nawil

maswavleblis komentirebiT, aixsneba gaugebari leqsikuri erTeulebi, gaaSinaar-seben jer TiToeul taeps, Semdeg ki _ TiToeul strofs. teqsti daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:

1. avTandilma uTxra: megobrebi ver dagemdurebian, mag rCevas ver dagiwune-ben, Sen Seni lomisebri mklavis imedi gaqvs, amitomac warmoadgine brZolis aseTi gegma; magram nuTu ar gesmis, ra axlo-axlo dganan guSagebi, rogor ismis maTi Za-xili?

2. Tokze rom gaxval, guSagni abjris Cxarunis xmas gaigoneben, daginaxaven da Toksac gadagiWrian, amaod dagrCeba Seni qadili. ar varga eg azri, sxvanairad vu-SveloT Tavs!

3. magas is ajobebs, rom Tqven mofarebul adgilas dadgeT, daimaloT. qajebi cixisken mimaval mgzavrebs ar iWeren; amitom me vaWariviT gamovewyobi, erT jors gadavkideb Cems muzarads, jaWvsa da xmals da ise Seval qalaqSi.

4. migvixvdebian ganzraxvas, samive erTad rom SevideT. me Seval vaWariviT ga-dacmuli, iq malulad Cavicvam abjars, movatyueb, mere ki SigniT sisxlis Rvars davayeneb.

5. me cixis mcvelebs amovxocav, Tqven ki gareT damelodeT. kliteebs davle-wav, Cems Zalas qviTkiric ki ver gauZlebs. Tu Tqven sxva azri gaqvT, brZaneT.

aqtivoba 4. wakiTxulis gaazreba: _ rogor afasebs avTandili fridonis gegmas? ra miaCnia mis naklad? (ar

moswons: ,,ra gaxvidode, guSagTa esmis abjrisa Cxereba, gigrZnoben, Toksa mohkve-Ten, amisi xams dajereba~);

_ ras uwodebs igi am gegmas~ (`ZnelTa TaTbirs~)._ moZebneT teqstSi is adgili, saidanac Cans avTandilis damokidebuleba fri-

donisadmi (megobrulia, keTilganwyobilia, pativs scems mis gadawyvetilebas _

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`moyvasni ver giCivian~)._ brZolis ra gegma SesTavaza avTandilma megobrebs? (vaWrulad gadavicvam,

jors gadavkideb muzarads, jaWvs da xmals, Seval ase qalaqSi, uceb Cavicvam abjars, mcvelebs moviSoreb da kars Signidan gavaReb).

_ rogor asabuTebs igi Tavisi mosazrebis marTebulobas? (ìsi kacni ar iWir-ven mgzavrsa, qalaqs Semavalsa~);

_ ras Tvlis avTandili `muxTal saqmed~?(`savaWoTa Sevekazmi~)._ Tqveni azriT, ramdenad misaRebia raindisaTvis amgvari `muxTali saqmis~

qmna? imsjeleT. _ ramdenad usafrTxod geCvenebaT avTandilis gegma? daasabuTeT Tqveni azri

saTanado argumentebiT.aq SeiZleba gamoviyenoT meTodi: kiTxva- argumenti _ pasuxi _ informacia: (k a p i) . meTodis aRwera:Camoayalibon da airCion erT-erTi debuleba: avTandilis gegma usafrTxoa/

ar aris usafrTxo;moiZion teqstSi amis dasasabuTeblad saTanado argumenti;amis mixedviT Camoayalibon pasuxi;miuTiTon, ra saxis informacia aklia Seswavlil monakveTs, rom srulyofili

daskvnebi gamovitanoT. _ riT gansxvavdeba avTandilis gegma fridonis gegmisagan? _ riT hgavs es ori gegma erTmaneTs? (orive gegma Seicavs raindisaTvis miu-

Rebel qcevas _ erT SemTxvevaSi es aris jambazoba, meore SemTxvevaSi _ tyuili _ vaWrulad gadacma; amasTanave, es orive gegma safrTxis Semcvelia pirvel rigSi maTive avtorebisaTvis da moiTxovs maTgan Tavganwirvasa da mTeli simZimis saku-Tar Tavze aRebas. oriveSi Cans megobrebisaTvis Tavis ganwirvis survili...).

_ avTandilis ra Tvisebebze amaxvilebs yuradRebas avtori?(igi mamacia, gu-ladi, uSiSari, moxerxebuli, megobrebisaTvis Tavdadebuli...). daasabuTeT es teqstis mixedviT.

aqtivoba 5. enobriv mxareze dakvirveba:aq kvlav vakvirvebT moswavleebs leqsis zomaze, riTmaze, gramatikul da

leqsikur arqaizmebze, SeiZleba dakvirvebis saganad vaqcioT zogierTi foma, mag: ìvaglaxian-ivian~. cnobilia, rom rusTaveli gabeduli sityvaTmxzveli poetia, igi xSirad mimarTavs originalur enobriv licenciebs, amis nimuSad unda CaiTva-los ìvian~, romelic `vai~ Sorisdebulidan unda iyos warmoSobili.

aqtivoba 6. saSinao davaleba: werilobiTi teqsti: àvTandilis TaTbiri~.

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V-VI gakveTili

aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis prezentacia.

aqivoba 2. mTavari personaJis _ avTandilis _ daxasiaTeba.

aqtiveba 3. minidiskusia: _ Tqven Tu eTanxmebiT avTandils fridonis gegmis SefasebaSi? _ Tqven romeli gmiris mosazreba migaCniaT ufro saimedod da ratom? _ rogor fiqrobT, ra moxdeba Semdeg? romel gegmas airCeven megobrebi? ra-

tom fiqrobT ase? daasabuTeT Tqveni azri.

aqtivoba 4. teqstis _ `TaTbiri tarielisa~ _komentirebuli kiTxva: teqsti moswavleTa mier daaxloebiT amgvarad gaSinaarsdeba:1. tarielma uTxra: davinaxe Tqveni gmiroba da Tavdadeba; vici, omi gwadiaT

da ara xmlis tyuilubralod qneva. TqvenisTanebis yola kacs swored ga-WirvebaSi gamoadgeba.

2. magram CemTvis Znelia Tqveni rCevis Sesruleba. Cemma mijnurma rom daina-xos cixidan, Tqven ficxel omSi xarT, me ki ar vibrZvi, Zalian Sevrcxvebi. nu ecdebiT Cems darwmunebas, rom mis TvalSi Cemi saxeli ar Seilaxeba.

3. Cemi azri aseTia: gavinawiloT as-asi kaci da ganTiadisas cixes sami mxridan SevutioT. mteri mogvegegeba. dainaxavs, cotani rom varT, magram xmals mivceT Zala.

4. ficxlad SevebaT qajebs, isini cixis karis Caketvas ver moaswreben, erT-erTi Cvengani cixeSi SeiWras, danarCenebi galavanze mdgom mcvelebs da-vesxaT Tavs. SigniT Sesuli sisxlis Rvars daaynebs, gareT myofni ki Zleva-mosilad moixmaren brZolebSi nacad TavianT abjars.

5. fridonma uTxra: migixvdi naTqvams; isic icode, Cemeul cxenisTvis kare-bis mixurvas ver moaswreben. rodesac saCuqrad mogiZRveni, ar vicodi, rom qajeTisken mogviwevda wamosvla, Torem ver gavimetebodio.

6. fridonis am sityvebze megobrebma gaicines, erTmaneTs erTxel kidev gaexumrnen, Semdeg Camoxdnen, moemzadnen brZolisaTvis da saukeTeso cxe-nebze amxedrdnen.

7. megobrebma erTxmad moiwones tarielis gadawyvetileba, as-asi erTma-neTze ukeTesi mebrZoli waiyvanes da cxenebze amxedrebulni, sabrZolve-lad gaemzadnen.

8. yvela Zalian lamazi da vaJkacuri Sesaxedavi iyo, mzes aRematebodnen sila-maziT; sam rainds qveynis Svidi mnaTobi hfaravda. Sav cxenze amxedrebuli tarieli ki mainc gamoirCeoda maT Soris Tavisi tanadobiTa da silamaziT.

9. erTgvari lirikuli gadaxveva _ Cemi naTqvami sworedac rom maTi Sesafe-risia: caSi wvims da quxs, modis Rvari dedamiwaze zaTqiTa da xmauriT, ma-gram roca zRvas SeerTvis, wynardeba.

10. Tumca fridoni da avTandili kargi vaJkacebi iyvnen, tariels mainc ver Seedrebodnen. rogorc mze aRemateba yvela mnaTobs, ise aRemateboda ta-rieli sxvebs gmirobiT.

11. samma gmirma cixis sam karebs miaSura _ TiTom TiTo karebi airCia. Tan sa-masi kaci axldaT, yvela saukeTeso mebrZoli. im RamiT maT cixis garemo

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dazveres, saaSkaraoze ar gamosulan, gaTenebas elodebodnen.12. pirvelad ubralo mgzavrebiviT midiodnen, SigniT myofni verafers xvde-

bodnen. rodesac cixes miuaxlovdnen, maSinRa daixures muzaradebi.13. cxenebi moulodnelad mowyvites adgilidan, irgvliv maTraxis Sxuili

ismoda; mcvelebma cixis karebi gaaRes da qalaqSi sabrZolo xmebi gaisma, hkres buksa da naRaras.

14. qajeTSi RvTis risxva datrialda, Tavze risxviT CamoemxoT ca, daxoci-lebs veli ver itevda.

15. adamians xmlis daurtymelad dabnedda tarielis Zlieri xma. moqneuli xma-li abjars fxrewda, qajebs saomari aRWurviloba veRar icavda. samma gmir-ma sami kari aiRo da axla cixeSi SeRwevas Cqarobdnen.

16. avTandili da fridoni cixeSi Sexvdnen erTmaneTs, mteri mTlianad amoewyvitaT, irgvliv sisxlis Rvari modioda, erTmaneTis naxviT didad gaixares da tarielis Zebna daiwyes.

17. tarielis ambavi arc erTma ar icoda. mere cixis kars miadgnen, iqauroba dalewili iaraRiT iyo mofenili, iqve eyara aTi aTasi daxocili guSagi cixisa.

18. cixis mcvelebi sneulebiviT eyarnen irgvliv, cixis kari Ria iyo, TviTon kari – dalewili, es yvelaferi tarielis namoqmedarad Seicnes.

19. meomrebs gza mtrisagan sruliad daclili daxvdaT, gzadagza akaful me-omrebs naxulobdnen. moulodnelad dainaxes erTmaneTs gadaxveuli ne-stani da tarieli.

20. isini erTmaneTs exveodnen. varskvlavebis _ zualisa da muSTaris _ Sexve-dras hgavda maTi erTad yofna. mzis Suqis danaxvaze vardi kidev ufro gai-furCqna da amdeni xnis Wiri sixaruliT Seecvala.

21. mijnurebma erTmaneTs ramdenjerme akoces. samive Zmobili Seikriba. avTa-dilma da fridonma Tayvani sces nestans.

22. nestani RimiliT Seegeba maT, gadakocna Tavisi mxsnelebi da sasiamovno xmiT moaxsena madloba.

23. tarielsac miesalmnen megobrebi. miuloces erTmaneTs gamarjveba, moi-kiTxes. ar unaniaT, rom aseT ficxel brZolaSi CaerTnen.

24. samasi kacidan as samoci gadarCeniliyo, fridons Zalze umZimda Tavisi erTguli jariskacebis dakargva, magram Tan uxaroda gamarjveba. gadarCe-nili mtrisgan gawmindes cixe da moagroves uaravi simdidre.

25. amis Semdeg megobrebma samasi aTasi jor-aqlemi moasxes, ahkides Tval-margaliti, nestani ki taxtrevanSi Casves.

26. cixis mcvelad samoci jariskaci datives, gamoeSurnen zRvaTa qalaqisa-ken, iq fatmani egulebodaT, visTvisac madloba unda gadaexadaT.

aqtivoba 5. wakiTxulis gaazreba:_ ra mosazrebiT daiwuna tarielma orive gegma? (Tqven omi gqondeT da me me

uomrad vijde?!)_ ra SesTavaza tarielma megobrebs?(samivem gaviyoT as-asi kaci da yvelam er-

Tad SevutioT.)_ visi laSqriT mouxdaT gmirebs brZola qajebis winaaRmdeg? (fridonis). _ romel striqonebSia aRwerili omisaTvis mzadeba? (`kvla erTmaneTsa

miuZRvnes sityvebi ar pir-mkvaxebi...~).

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_ rogor aRwers mwerali sabrZolvelad mimaval raindebs? (`igi Wabukni Suqi-Ta...~).

_ lirikuli gadaxveva (`Cemi aw ese naTqvami maTi saxe da daria~...) . (SeniSvna _ poemaSi berjer vxvdebiT adgilebs, sadac poeti metaforas iqve an momdevno striqonebSi xsnis. teqstis am nawilSi poeti metaforulad aRwers Seqmnil viTa-rebas).

_ vis ekuTvnis es naTqvami da ra igulisxmeba masSi? (Tavad avtors. poetis damokidebuleba momxdarisadmi).

_ sad, romel strofSi saubrobs poeti fridonisa da avTandilis vaJkacobasa da `tarias~ gamorCeulobaze? (`Tuca fridon da avTandil...~).

_ rogor aRwers poeti tarielis sabrZolo gegmis ganxorcielebas? (`samTave samad gaiyves...~).

_ romel strofebSi aRwers avtori qajeTis cixeSi datrialebuli brZolis suraTs? (`maSin qajeTs moiwia~...).

_ moZebneT teqstSi is adgili, romelSic tarielis gaSmagebaa daxatuli (`kacsa ukravad dabnedis...~).

_ aRwereT teqstis mixedviT: a) avTandilisa da fridonis Sexvedra, b) nesta-nisa da tarielis Seyra, g) samive raindis Sexvedra, d) nestanis madliereba.

_ samasi meomridan ramdeni gadarCa cocxali? (`as samoci Sehyoloda...~)_rogor aRwers rusTaveli fridonis Suq-Crdilian sixaruls? (`fridons

umZims spaTa misTa...~). riT aris igi gamowveuli?_ saiT mieSurebian gamarjvebuli megobrebi da ra mizniT? (`Tqves fatman vna-

xoT~...).

aqtivoba 6. wakiTxuli teqstis mixedviT Sedgeba am epizodis gadmosacemi Si-naarsis gegma, romelic, savaraudod, amgvari iqneba:

tarielis gegma qajeTis cixis asaRebad;SetevisaTvis mzadeba;moulodneli Tavdasxma;qajeTis cixeSi datrialebuli risxva;gamarjveba;`naxes, mzisa Sesayrelad gamoeSva mTvare gvelsa”;qajeTis cixis datoveba.


aqtivoba 8. saSinao davaleba: aagon werilobiTi teqsti: `qajeTis cixis aReba”; moiniSnon teqstSi is adgilebi, romlebmac gansakuTrebuli STabeWdileba moaxdi-na maTze da daasabuTon Tavisi azri.

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gakveTili VII-VIII

aqtivoba 1. saSinao davalebis Semowmeba.

aqtivoba 2. wakiTxulis gaazreba:_ tarielma megobrebs Tavdadeba mouwona, magram gegma dauwuna. samarTlianad migaCniaT Tu ara misi mosazreba? (moswavleebi asabuTeben mosazrebebs)._ sad, teqstis romel epizodSi, gamoCnda tarielis gegmis upiratesoba?

(tarielis gegmis upiratesobam Tavi iCina qajeTis cixis aRebis epizodSi, swored misi gamWriaxobiT moipoves gmirebma gamarjveba).

_ tarielis ra Tvisebebi Cans am monakveTSi? (igi vaJkacia da uSiSari, ufrTxil-deba megobrebis sicocxles, fizikurad Zalian Zlieria, amayia, lamazi, uzo-mod aris Seyvarebuli da satrfosTvis Tavs swiravs, aqvs mxedarTmTavris niWi _ swored misma strategiam gaamarTla brZolis dros...). daasabuTeT es Tvisebebi teqstis mixedviT (SeiZleba Sedges gegma gmiris daxasiaTebisaTvis _ `gmiris ruka~).

_ brZolaSi tarielis simamacesa da silamazes gansakuTrebiT usvams xazs avtori. rogor fiqrobT, ratom akeTebs amas? (tarieli poemis mTavari gmiria, swored mis axels atarebs poema, is aris vefxvistyaosani Wabuki).

aqtivoba 3. Sejameba. (jgufurad) : _ TqvenTvis nacnobi romeli literaturuli gmirebi gvxvdebian teqstSi? ra

gaxsovT maT Sesaxeb wina klasebidan? ra SeityveT maT Sesaxeb axali?(aq Seivseba grafebi: `gavige/viswavle _ ris gageba mainteresebs~).

_ `tarieli, nestan-darejani, avTandil, fridon, TinaTin arc Taviss dReSi yofilan da arc arian, arc odesme ucxovriaT da arc exla scxovroben, magram aba hnaxeT Cveni sakvirveli rusTaveli rogor saswaulT-moqmedobs adamianze, roca imaTs cxovrebas gviambobs, maTis cxovrebis majiscemas gvatyobinebs!.. SoTam mis mier mogonil ambavs iseTi suli Caatana, rom am WeSmarit sulisagan TviT araWe-Smariti ambavi marTali gvgonia~, _ werda ilia WavWavaZe `vefxistyaosnis~ Sesaxeb.

_ poemis Seswavlili monakveTebis mixedviT, eTanxmebiT ilias am SefasebSi?

aqtivoba 4. poetis enaze dakvirveba:_ ganmarteT, rogor gesmiT azri striqonisa: ,,naxes mzisa Sesayrelad gamoeSva

mTvare gvelsa~. (tarielis Sesaxvedrad gamoeSva nestani qajeTis cixidan)._ gadmoeciT Tqveni sityvebiT azri striqonisa: ,,mas mzesa misces salami, wadg-

es marT viTa xmobilni~. (nestans misces salami da wardgnen dabarebulebiviT mis winaSe)

_ ganmarteT, rogor gesmiT azri striqonebisa: ,,maSin qajeTs moiwia usazomo risxva RmrTisa, / kronos, wyromiT Semxedvelman, moiSorva sitkbo mzisa~(kronosi anu saturni ubedurebis momcemi planetaa, kronosisgan mzis gavle-

nis `moSoreba~ aq saSineli ubedurebis momaswavebelia. anu maSin qajeTs saSineli ambavi datrialda...)

_ ra mxatvrul xerxebs iyenebs mwerali gamarjvebuli gmirebis dasaxasiaTeblad?(iyenebs metaforas, Sedarebas. moswavleebi kiTxuloben saTana-do adgilebs teqstidan).

_,,naxes mzisa Sesayrelad gamoeSva mTvare gvelsa~, _ vis gulisxmobs poeti mze-Si? mTvareSi? gvelSi? ra mxatvrul xerxs iyenebs aq poeti? ( mzeSi igulisxmeba ta-

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rieli, mTvareSi _ nestani da gvelSi – qajeTis cixe, borotebis simbolo. iyenebs metaforas).

_ moZebneT teqstSi Sedarebis nimuSebi. rogor fiqrobT, ratom iyenebs maT poeti?( `zeda gardmodges mze viTa~ , `cixisa mcveli yvelai idva marT viTa sneu-li~. pirvel SemTxvevaSi iyenebs nestanis silamazis gadmosacenad, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi tarielis siZlieris gamosaxatad).

_gaixseneT, ra aris hiperbola da moZebneT teqstSi misi gamoyenebis nimuSebi. (tropis iseTi saxea, romelsac sagansa Tu movlenas gazviadebulad warmoadgens. (es sityva berZnuli warmoSobisaa da gadaWarbebas, gazviadebas niSnavs. `kacsa ukra-vad dabneddis xma tarielis xafisa~.)

maswavlebelma SeiZleba klasi daakvirvos poeturi licenciis nimuSebze: `Tavni maTni gaalomnes, maTi mbrZoli iSvles, iTxes~.

_ rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad SesaZlebelia am monakveTis Sinaarsis gageba leqsikonis gareSe?(ZiriTadi Sinaarsis gageba leqsikonis gareSe sruliad Se-saZlebelia).

_ Tqveni azriT, ramdenad SesaZlebelia TqvenTvis gaugebari sityvebis mni-Svnelobis gageba konteqstis _ amave winadadebaSi, frazaSi Semavali sxva sityvebis _ daxmarebiT? romeli sityvebis mniSvnelobis garkvevaSi dagexmaraT konteqsti? (konteqstis mixedviT, SesaZlebelia sityvebis umetesobis gageba. magaliTad, `ese me damsvris nu ubnobT sityviTa Tqven saTneviTa~. konteqstis mixedviT, advili gasagebia damsvris anu Semarcxvens. `amazeda gaicines maT wylianTa sityva-brZen-Ta~. aseve sityva wyliani, rom mWevrmetyvels aRniSnavs konteqstiT misaxvedria).

aqtivoba 5. mSobliuri enis samyaroSi (10-15 wT): moswavleebs vavalebT moZebnon teqstSi arqauli formiT gamoyenebuli zmnebi

da SeurCion maT Tanamedrove Sesatyvisebi. (gwads-ginda, hgavs-Seefereba, esmas - moesmeba, SevsjarneT - SevimwyvdioT).

moswavleebi teqstSi eZeben teqstSi arsebiT saxelebs, romlebic aseve arqau-li formiT gaxlavT gamoyenebuli.

teqsts akvirdebian da arkveven, arsebiTi saxelis mravlobiTobis gamosaxata-vad poeti romels aniWebs upiratesobas: -eb’-ians Tu -n/-T’-ians? (-n/-T’-ians).

_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom? (maSin ufro xSirad mravlobiTis es forma ga-moiyeneboda).

moswavleebi akvirdebin saxelmZRvaneloSi -n/-T’-iani mravlobiTis brunebas da pasuxoben kiTxvebze:

_ romeli brunvebi ar aqvs _n/-T’-ian mravlobiTs?(sax, moTx, mic, naT, wod.)_ Tqveni azriT, romeli brunvis formaa sityva `gzaTa~ winadadebaSi: `gzaTa

mSeneblobis saministro~? (naTesaobiTi).moswavleebi xsnian, Tu rogor mixvdnen am brunvis formas. (viyenebT Casmis /

Canacvlebis xerxs: Taniani mr-is nacvlad vsvamT – eb-iani mravlobiTis formas _ gzebis _ da vxvdebiT rom naTesaobiT brunvaSia).

aqve vTavazobT wess:-T’-iani mravlobiTis brunvis amocnoba -eb’-iani mravlobiTis CanacvlebiT Sei-

Zleba.dafaze vwerT:sami gmiri da sam-n-i megobar-n-iSvidi mnaTobi da Svid-n-i mnaTob-n-i

45

mravali Wiri da mraval-n-i Wir-n-i. romel ricxvSi Seiwyo simravlis gamomxatvelma sityvam (sami, Svidi, mrava-

li...) arsebiTi saxeli pirvel SemTxvevaSi? (mxolobiT ricxvSi).meore SemTxvevaSi? (mravlobiT ricxvSi).vawodebT moswavleebs wess:-n/-T’-ian mravlobiTSi simravlis gamomxatveli sityva arsebiTs mravlobiT

ricxvSi Seiwyobs. aqtivoba 6. saSinao davaleba: avTandilis, fridonis da tarielis SedarebiTi

daxasiaTeba gmiris rukis mixedviT (romel gmirs ra Tviseba axasiaTebs da argumen-ti amis Sesaxeb teqstidan moiyvanon).


Sedegebi: VII. 2. moswavles SeuZlia sxvaTa metyvelebis mosmena da Sefaseba sakomunika-

cio amocanis gaTvaliswinebiT. VII. 3. moswavles SeuZlia sametyvelo qcevis Secvla sakomunikacio amocanisa

da auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT. VII. 4. moswavles SeuZlia saklaso diskusiebSi monawileobis miReba.VII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli da aramxa-tvruli teq-

stebis gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.

VII. 9. moswavles SeuZlia teqstis gaanalizeba struqturuli da enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT.

VII. 12. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis formisa da stilis SerCeva miznisa da auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.

VII. 13. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis organizaciis wesebisa da eno-brivi normebis dacva.

qvemoT maswavlebels vTavazobT damatebiT informacias, romelic mas SeuZlia gamoiyenos ama Tu im saswavlo masalis damuSavebisas:

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I Tema: `saqarTvelo iyo maTi saocnebo saxeli!..”

1. galaktion tabiZenodar dumbaZe _ galaktionigalaktioni saavadmyofos meoTxe sarTulidan gadmoiqca. zogs egona, rom ga-

laktionma Tavi moikla. zogs egona rom man eqstazSi myofma, moufiqrebeli nabiji gadadga. zogs egona igi agoniaSi myofi gadmovarda,zogs kidev ra da zogs kidev ra…

sinamdvileSi ai ra moxda: galaktioni parnasze avida, man uzenaesi mwvervali daipyro. misTvis, arc werayins arc wriaps, arc bawars ar uRalatia. igi didi xnis win avida am mwvervalze da radgan geniosebi dapyrobili mwvervalebidan ukan aRar brundebian, yovelive is, rac mas aRar sWirdeboda da xels uSlida, mwvervalidan dabla gadmoyara, Tavad ki darCa sworTa maradiul samyofelSi.

qarTuli poeziis istoriaSi pirvelad rusTavels daekisra Semoqmedebis mZime uReli. rusTavelma Camouara manamde mTasa da barSi arsebul mTel folklors, eposs Tu miTs, STanTqa igi erT fasdaudebel oqros zodad – `vefxistyaosnad~ Camosxmuli daubruna xalxs.

rusTavelis Semdeg aseTi misia daviT guramiSvils daekisra, daviTis Semdeg akakim, vaJam da iliam ikisres es titanuri tvirTi da rodesac meoce saukunis ocian wlebSi am mZime uRelSi galaktion tabiZe Seeba, es sazidi ukve ise iyo damZi-mebuli erovnuli da msoflio literaturuli saganZuriT, rom galaktions misi tareba uRlis erTguli laba xariviT daCoqils mouxda: diax, daCoqils, oflad daRvrilsa da TvalebSi cremCamdgars mouxda am mZime Wapanis gaweva. mxolod am kuTxiT da TvalsazrisiT unda SeviswavloT galaktioni.

sad unda vsdioT qars, romelic ise usaSvelod daqris galaktionis Semoqme-debaSi?! ise usaSvelod, rom wigni Tavad ifurcleba da rom qarma da grigalma ar gamogtacos xelidan, igi mkerdze unda gqondes mikruli magrad, viT xati da Zvirfasi avgarozi.

galaktionis Semoqmedeba erTi misi pawia leqsis- `ai, ra mzis sizmarias~ msgavsad waRma ukuRma ikiTxeba, swored ki arasdros, an iSviaTad; es albaT imiT aris gamowveuli, rom galaktioni yvelas Tavisad miaCnia da mas yvela Tavisebu-rad kiTxulobs, maT Soris mec, raRa Tqma unda. amitom aris galaktioni saxalxo mgosani.

albaT amis gamo qarTul poeziaSi aravis ar moswrebia imdeni epigoni, ramde-nic galaktions: albaT, amis gamo ar moswrebia qarTul poeziaSi imdeni mojibre da mtkavelis damzomeli, ramdenic galaktions. rigSi idgnen da dganan dResac mTeli Taobebi da azomeben sakuTar patara mtkavels mis dedamiwis guliviT ga-daSlil usaSvelod did da Tbil xelisguls. is ki dgas, dalocvili, Rimilian TvalebSi eSmakuri elva uTamaSebs da gaqezebs: ki, Zamiko, Senma ajobao.…

siyvaruli Tavad aris RmerTi da Tu siyvaruli CvenTan ars, CvenTan ars Rmer-Ti, mivxvdebiT, rom galaktioni aris geni rusTavelisa, meoce saukuneSi gaRviZe-buli da mzemde aRzevebuli.

(n. dumbaZe, rCeuli nawerebi, t. IV, Tb. 1992 w)

2. o. WilaZeoTar WilaZis werili gazeT ̀ literaturnaia gazetasTvis~ maiakovskis dabadebis

90 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT _ nawyveti

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… poetma yvelaferi, rac ki SeZravs, xelaxla unda moxarSos sakuTar sulSi. yvela WeSmariti poeti Tavisi epoqis RviZli Svilia da guluxvad da patiosnad ubrunebs xalxs, rac unaxavs da ganucdia. mis mier Seqmnili sinamdvile gacilebiT cocxali da sainteresoa, radgan misive vnebebiTaa gamdidrebuli. mis xmas Taobebi iseve SeeCvevian xolme, rogorc mdinaris piras mcxovrebni – mdinaris ganuwyve-tel xmaurs da warmoidgineT, ra Semzaravi iqneba maTTvis cxovreba, mdinare Tu daiSrita moulodnelad, ra autaneli iqneba uceb Camovardnili dumili. magram, sabednierod, poezia dauSreteli mdinarea – xalxia misi saTaveca da SesarTavic. konkretuli poeti ki iqamde cocxlobs, vidre xalxs esmis misi, vidre xalxs Ta-vis mesaidumled miaCnia. ese igi, araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeeSleba sxvaSi. magram es rodi niSnavs, TiTqos poetebi erTmaneTs gamoricxavdnen. piriqiT, rogorc ar unda ganacalkevebdes maT maTive `individualobis Tavisebureba~ (evtuSenkos ga-moTqmaa), bolos da bolos isini mainc erTad aRmoCndebian xolme da es ukve kanon-zomierebad aris qceuli: dro dapirispirebul poetebsac ki erTmaneTis gverdiT ayenebs. Tumca, yvela poeti Tavis gansakuTrebul misias asrulebs mainc, anu yo-veldRiurad kvdeba Tavis sawer magidasTan, droze adre rom ar daixocon sxvebi. arada, advili SesaZlebelia, saerTod ar kiTxulobdnen wigns isini, vis `gadarCe-nasac~ poeti apirebs. ase rom, SeiZleba, fuWi da amao aRmoCndes misi Sroma. amis bralicaa albaT, aSkarad rom SeimCneva dRes magidis tyveobidan ganTavisuflebis survili, anu dauokebeli swrafva estradisken, televiziisken… rac, Cemi azriT, sakuTari umweobidan gamosvlis unayofo mcdelobaa mxolod. visac saTqmeli aRa-raferi aqvs, is ufro ebRauWeba mikrofons, rogorc wyalwaRebuli xavss. magram amgvari survili Tu midrekileba, rasakvirvelia, niWis TaviseburebiTac SeiZleba aixsnas, gansakuTrebiT, roca saqme maiakovskisTana poets Seexeba. magram ase cxa-red da, cota ar iyos, daundoblad imitom vlaparakob, magidis uaryofa mwerli-sgan Ralatad da mwerluri moTminebis rRvevis simptomad rom mimaCnia. TiTqos sakuTar nawarmoebs gvinda mivaswroT mkiTxvelamde, jer Cven davenaxoT, gavear-SiyoT mikrofonis saSualebiT, movawonoT, SevayvaroT Tavi da mere ufro Tama-mad mivandoT gansasjelad Cveni leqsebic. arada, magida mwerlisTvis igivea, rac durglisTvis – Carxi, mWedlisTvis – grdemli…

3. r. inaniSvilinugzar SataiZe – `Seni sulieri samSoblo~revaz inaniSvilis SemoqmedebaSi yvelaze metad mwerlis maxvili Tva-

li da yuri gaocebs. patara, xelisgulisodena moTxrobebiT igi TiTqos Cvenc Tvals gvixels, smenas gvimaxvilebs da jadosnuri sicxadiT gviCvenebs avkar-gian qveyanas, sadac Tavadve cxovrobs _ es misi samSobloa, romelic ukve mkiTxvelis sulier samSoblod qceula. mwerlis mier Seqmnili sulieri samSo-blo xSirad ufro realuria da mimzidveli, vidre namdvili. revaz inaniSvli-saTvis es iyo sofeli, mindori, ivris Walebi. midioda iq `daRlili, mxrebda-Runuli, im imediT, rom soflurma myudroebam iqneb cota mainc moufonos gulze, romelzedac, ai, mTeli Tvea TiTqosda marwuxebs uWeren viRacani~. Cvenc, misi mkiTxvelebic, swored am imediT, amgvari sasoebiT mivdivarT mis mier Seqmnil samyaroSi, sadac mdinaris piras erTi `gamoRrmavebuli kbodea, Sig Tbili mzea Camdgari~, mivalT mivsxdebiT im gamoRrmavebulSi da sakuTari samSoblos gancdiT vtkbebiT.

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…axla iqac zamTaria Tebervlis TrTvils Seuxorxlia xeebi. buCqebi, gadau-TeTrebia miwa. Txel gubeebSi wyali Cayinula. yinulis Txeli, sifrifana arSia gasdevs mdinaris mTel napirsac. `xeebze Savi, naRvliani Citebi sxedan da abuzuli mxrebiT elaparakebian cas~.

ialnos mTis ferdobze gadmomdgara xe foTolgaZarculi, yinvisgan SeWirxu-li tye gayuCebula, Tavis maradiul fiqrebSi wasula. da uecrad, raRac saswauli ZaliT, gaixsneba zeca, Rrublebidan mze gamoixedavs da ferdobze kalosodena adgils gaanaTebs. kaloze xalxi Seyrila. wamova, gamoscdeba im xalxs `ori mSve-nieri qalbatoni~, erTs Tavze moxveuli da boloebiT mkerdze gadajvaredinebuli qiSmiris Sali zurgze aqvs Sekruli. meores moTxilamuris Tbili qudi axuravs-yurebze da Sublze Camoweuli. orive erTad rva an didi-didi rvanaxevari wlisa iqneba. movlen, amogidgebian aqeT-iqidan, Cagkideben patara xelebs da wagiyvanen im ganaTebuli kalosken.

gakvirvebuli, cota ar iyos dabneuli aTvaliereb xalxs da nel-nela yvelas scnob. vin aRar mosula aq, ialnos burusian ferdobze: ananureli ulamazoe-bi – kuStad momzirali, mglis lekvebiviT ajagruli komblebiani biWebi; irine TeTraSvilis afria, TviTon irine TeTraSvili, guja -afrias Zma da maTi axovani mamis landi, romelsac xelebi gulze daukrefia da naRvliani TvalebiT uyurebs col- Svils; ukuRma daWerili – rogorRac saSarod galajuli, doinjSemoyrili ymawvili; gamova burusidan iakofa menaxirec da daebjineba Tavis grZel joxs; gverdigverd dganan Sio papa da uSiSa papa, joxirecxa ioseba, Zmebi daTia da gogia, basa burkiaSvili, modidan gamosuli poeti, ruxi pijakis saxeloebze Savi satinis samklavuri rom ukeTia; kidev vano buWyiaSvili da imisi patara biWi mixo, rom-lebsac Sin arc aveji aqvT da arc jam-WurWeli, samagierod, erTi didi fardagi aqvT, gaSlian Zirs da kotrialoben yvelani zed? vanoc, mixoc, mamukac, imaTi de-dikoc da Tu stumari mouvaT – isic; aq arian gogia da baxa, elguja da WiWo, bibo, Citebis gamomzamTrebeli biWi, ̀ viwroebis mgeli~ — Cofura Saliko, andria da, rac mTavaria, metyeve daTiko; cota iqiT moCanan: barbare badauri, deda mariami, Zve-li qarTveli qali, gadabmuli estate, Tina da sandro, uSiSari biWi ioseba, poeti giglia; xmauroben, JRav-JRuvoben ubedenTiani koxoraSvilebi, cetebi, bRukebi… CaCaurs cal xelSi gaSiSvlebuli xmali CaubRujavs, meoreSi _ sanTeli; mokrZa-lebiT, darcxveniT dgas im xalxSi xorasneli Wabuki; aqve darejani _ tanad didi, didad momzirali, Ronieri qali; xelixelCakidebulni gzaze gamdgaran iRliaSi daxveul tikamoCrili gogia batataSvili da imisi morcxvad momRimari sayvareli mayvala jariauli; iRimebian balniani, bayia da maneTiani kola; aq arian yrolebic _ lafana, atacebuli da bazarniki jaliaSvilic aqvea da imaTac siamis Rimili ga-dasdiT saxeze; am xalxSi dasunsulebs fafxaWelaanT ZaRlic... xolo maRla, erT Tovlian borcvze, calke dgas kombalze dayrdnobili, mTlad gadaTeTrebuli usinaTlo moxuci, romelsac qinTa-qinTad qceuli axaluxis jibis pirze sami ru-suli Zveli medali hkidia _ gamurul qvaze daRvenTili wminda sanTlis ferisa. iqiT ki, nisliani tyis pirSi, aTasamde Savi landi SequCebula da raRacas bWoben. mere gancalkevebiT mdgomi anaforiani mRvdeli xels rbilad Camousvams haers da viRaca sufTa, mSvenieri xmiT daiwyebs:

zamTariao, hee, haraloo…zamTari vardsa daaWknobs,furceli Camocvivao…Tvalebgabrwyiinebuli dgaxar da ver gagigia, cxadSi xar Tu sizmarSi, magram

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nel-nela erkvevi da xvdebi, rom arc cxadia da arc sizmari _ es Seni qveyanaa, Seni sulieri samSoblo.

dRes, roca ase Segvelaxa da dagvimZimda sulebi, roca lukmapuris ZebnaSi daRlilebs wignis wakiTxvis Tavic ki aRara gvaqvs, roca apokalifsuri Rrube-li sulTamxuTaviviT dagvwolia gulze da amosunTqvis saSualebas ar gvaZlevs, xSirad vigonebT xolme revaz inaniSvils _ Cems sayvarel adamiansa da mwerals. xandaxan gadmoviReb Tarodan mis wignsac, vaTvaliereb, vkiTxulob moTxrobebis saTaurebs, calke abzacebs: ̀ zamTris criat, moRuSul dReebSi tbis wyali gamdnar tyvias hgavs… ava, sul bolos misi zedapiridan aikrifeba bindi da burusi. axlos moiweven mTebi. utyeo mTebi am dros sul ruxebia, ruxebi da gafiTrebulni ga-Sterebulni. is mTebi Zleuli laSqris droSebiviT Cakidebul tbaSi. Tavdayira Ca-kidebulan tbaSi TeTri xeebic. TeTr xeebze Savi naRvliani Citebi sxedan da abu-zuli mxrebiT elaparakebian cas. ca ufro naRvliania da jer ar icis ras izams~. me mSvelis es `ruxi da gafiTrebuli xeebi~, mSvelis naRvlani cac, romelmac `jer ar icis ras izams~ _ mSvelis da mamSvidebs.

mSvelis imis gaxsenebac, rom revaz inaniSvilis, am marTlac genialur mwer-lis, suli jer isev dahfofinebs Tavis tanjul, daRupvis pirze mimdgar qveyanas.

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II Tema: eri da istoria

Gguram rCeuliSviliguram asaTiani – guram rCeuliSviliTbilisi Semodgomis pirze lamazdeba gansakuTrebiT, agvistos damlevs ru-

sTavelis prospeqti moulodnelad ivseba axalgazrda, mzisgan damwvari saxeebiT.am quCaze gavla kargia TbilisTan xangrZlivi ganSorebis Semdeg.guram rCeuliSvili pirvelad swored aq gavicani. is maSin, mgoni, xevsureTi-

dan axlad dabrunebuli iyo, erT cnobil germanel mweralTan erTad emogzaura da misi piradi tragediis uneburi mowme gamxdariyo. am ambavzea dawerili misi moTxroba „sikvdili mTebSi~.

Tavisi garegnobiT guram rCeuliSvili sagrZnoblad gamoirCeoda zedmiwevniT gamowyobili sxva axalgazrda Tbiliselebisgan: farTod gaReRili, TiTqmis Sarvlis qamramde Caxsnili perangis piri, mokled SekreWili Tma, Zlieri, daJine-buli gamoxedva…

didi, uxeSi, mZime fexsacmelebi TiTqmis miwisken ezidebodnen mis sxeuls da, amave dros, mTel mis arsebaSi igrZnoboda raRac mousvenari, amtydari, TiTqos uecari naxtomisaTvis gamzadebuli Zala. is pirveli SexvedrisTanave iwvevda in-teress. TiTqos daJinebiT moiTxovda yuradRebas Tavisi pirovnebisadmi. rogorc amboben, axlo megobrebs igi gamorCeviT uyvardaT da xSirad uTmobdnen misi Zlie-ri xasiaTis uCveulo gamovlinebebs.

guram rCeuliSvilis yovel moTxrobaSi igrZnoba es Zlieri xasiaTi. TviT sa-ocrad guliTadi da msubuqi ganwyobilebiT dawerili „biZia kotes Semodgomac~ TiTqos igulisxmeba es janmrTeli da yovlisSemZle Zala siWabukisa, naRvliani TanagrZnobiT rom ealerseba Zvirfas adamians mimwuxris Jams.

xasiaTis siZlieriT aris aRbeWdili guram rCeuliSvilis personaJebis buneba, misi novelebis Sinagani ritmi, TviT misi mwerluri dakvirvebis uaRresad ganvi-Tarebuli unari.

guram rCeuliSvilma pirvel moTxrobaSive gagvando Tavisi adamianuri idea-li: zRvis ulmobel stiqionTan Serkinebuli Zlieri da sulmrTeli mamakaci, ro-melic TavisianTa gadasarCenad swiravs sakuTar sicocxles.

bnel, daundobel stiqiasTan Cumi brZola, mis ugunur ZlevamosilebasTan adamianis Seudarebeli nebisyofis dapirispirebaa…

guram rCeuliSvili iyo erTi imaTgani, visac ukan mouxedavad SeeZlo Seewi-ra mTeli Tavisi arseba amgvari uTanabro brZolis TavdaviwyebisaTvis, magram ocdaeqvsi wlis asakSi man, rogorc Cans, ukve ganicada fxizeli dafiqrebis sakmaod mwvave Setevebic. ukve misi daRupvis Semdeg Jurnal „ciskarSi~ gamoqveynda erT-erTi ukanaskneli moTxroba „alaverdoba~, romelmac moulodnelad gvagrZnobina, ra gamanadgurebeli cecxli RrRnida axalgazrda mwerlis Segnebas.

SeuZlebelia Cveni Taobis adamianma gulgrilad waikiTxos es moTxroba, ar ecnauros is Wabukuri Jini, romelmac misi gmiri alaverdis taZris gumbaTze ai-taca da is sulis siRrmemde SemZvreli grZnobac axal sivrceebTan Sexvedrisa, romelic mas am simaRleze daepatrona. ai, am moTxrobis ukanaskneli striqonebi: „man ar icis kaxeTi, visac civgomboris qedze Semdgars ar daunaxavs alaznis Wali-dan amovardnili alaverdi, mas ar ganucdia dauokebeli kaxuri vnebis simZafre, visac alaverdis Tavze Tavisi fexiT avardnils, gumbaTidan ar daunaxavs erTma-neTze miyrili da usasrulobamde gaSlili soflebi, savse da didebuli, Cafluli

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gauTavebeli vazis xeivnebSi. mTels am uzarmazar velze ar aris arc erTi goji, ar aris arc erTi wertili, sadac adamians warsulidan dRemde ar Seeqmnas Tavisi SromiT materialurad Tu sulierad Zlieri da Rirseuli ram, tyispiras gago-nil dauwerel, erTad movardnil simfoniasaviT iRvreba Tvalwin Zveli cixeebi, eklesiebi, burjebi da am epoqaSi naSeni xidebi, swori ugegmianesi alvnebiT. am gegmianobidan sinaTlesaviT modis SeuCerebliv raRac axali, sicocxlisunariani. misi egzotikisaTvis ucnobi Zala ipyrobs gumbaTis Tavze mdgomis sxeuls, axa-li, Seucnoblad kanonzomieri, SeerTebuli grandiozul usityvo SromasTan. is fiqrobs: saidan modis es sicocxlisunarianoba, da pasuxobs: is TviTon CemSia, is TviTon xalxSia. magram aq zogierTi dabneula da veRar grZnoben Semoqmedis namdvil siamovnebas, siamovnebas Sromisa, radgan vnebis simZafre SenebaSia da ara aSenebuliT tkbobaSi.

mis fexqveS dgas alaverdi, sxvisi grandiozuli vnebisagan Seqmnili, TviTon ki… gumbaTis Tavze SerCenils eRimeba, ise uazrobad eCveneba aq dgoma. qveviT ixedebada Rimili sicilad iqceva – dabla ukve daSlila xalxi da is sul martoa aq, am saSiS adgilas. alvnebSi mwyobrad inTeba sinaTleebi da Camosuls mxolod cxenis migdebuli, uaRviro leSi agonebs Tavis unebur, uazro, gaumiznav, unayo-fo survils.

sinaTleebi ki sul matulobs da saocari harmoniiT ereva alaznis mdumare vels, romelsac is fexiT mihyveba alvanisaken~.

guram rCeuliSvils Cvens mwerlobaSi Tan mohyva Tanamedroveobis sunTqva. mas Rrmad hqonda ganviTarebuli formis siaxlis grZnoba. amitom SeiTvisa man ase bunebrivad Cveni drois mxatvruli prozis didostatTa Taviseburi nerviuli, daZabuli manera. magram, amave dros, mTel mis adamianur ierSi da mwerlur bune-baSic iyo raRac Soreuli, ZvelqarTveluri. Tanamedrove qalaqis Svils, TbilisSi gazrdilsa da davaJkacebuls, TiTqos eviwroeboda aqauri quCebis rkali, didxans ver egueboda yoveldRiuri cxovrebis erTferovan ritms da pirvelSeZlebisTana-ve martod an vinme SeCveul megobarTan erTad miiCqaroda mTebisken, zRvisken. be-vrs dadioda Tavisi ganuyreli didi da mZime fexsacmelebiT, eswreboda xevsurul xatobas, doRs, alaverdobis dResaswauls, ereoda qarTvel glexkacobaSi, yvelgan iCenda megobrebs, metoqeebs. is TiTqos gamZafrebiT daeZebda raRacas, ris gareSe misi Zlieri da mTrTolvare sxeuli SeiZleba gamxmariyo, gamofituliyo…

qalaquri Rameebis daZabul simyudroveSi mas albaT xSirad aRviZebda ZarRvebSi momskdar winaparTa sisxlis amboxi da is meore diliT Cqari nabijiT mihyveboda mcxeTis gzas, Wabukuri daJinebiT cdilobda daviwyebidan gamoewvia ufliscixis idumali aCrdilebi, martodmarto misdevda vaJa-fSavelas nakvalevs, an kidev massaviT Tazve xelaRebul mTiel biWebTan erTad sip bilikebze daaWe-nebda gauxednav, feTian kvicebs.

ase daiwera misi „TvirTvila~, „ufliscixe~, „alaverdoba~.… masSi namdvilad bevri ram iyo axali, uCveulo da es zogierTebs gare-

gnul pozad miaCndaT.… ucnaurad uyvarda zRva… moTxroba „irina~, romelic axlaxan gamoqveynda,

gaJRenTilia zRvis sunTqviT. zRva aq adamianiviT cocxlobs, icinis, sulSi Semo-dis. zRva aris foni siyvarulis – tkbili da mware, eWviani, dauSoSminebeli orTa siyvarulis ambisa. is TiTqos qaliviT izidavs, aTbobs da ealerseba am moTxrobis gmirs. da, amave dros, aqac, iseve rogorc „nel tangoSi~, namdvilad igrZnoba fa-ruli Zrwola zRvis mimarT, masSi raRac mtruli, veragi Zalis SegrZneba.

52

V Tema `Cemo kalamo~

herman hese

hese inteleqtualur mweralTa rigs ganekuTvneba; mis TxzulebebSi vxvde-biT sruliad gansxvavebuli azrobrivi sferodan gamomdinare ideebs. hesem rTu-li SemoqmedebiTi evolucia ganvlo. misi adrindeli nawarmoebebi aRbeWdili iyo esTetizmiTa da neoromantikuli suliskveTebiT; momdevno wlebSi Tavi iCina realisturma, socialur-kritikulma tendenciebma. heses pirveli msoflio omis Semdgom Semoqmedebas Rrma kvali daamCnia dasavleTis samyaros sulier-kulturis krizisis gancdam. mis mxatvrul ZiebaTa centrSi moeqca TviTmyofi da harmoniu-li pirovnebis Camoyalibebis problema, rac mis novelistikaSic damkvidrda. heses Semdgom romanebsa da mcire prozaul Txzulebebs safuZvlad udevs sicocxlis „bipolaruli~ xasiaTi, maTSi sapirispiro polusTa harmoniuli urTierTSeTanxme-bis ideaa warmoCenili. heses prozisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Txrobis inteleqtua-lizacia, eseizmi, simbolur-alegoriuli elementebis siWarbe da filosofiuri siRrme. mis TxzulebebSi ori sinamdvilea warmodgenili — garegani, yofiT-empi-ruli da Sinagani, aimbolur-alegoriuli, romelsac TviTon uwodebs „magiurs~. heses miRebuli aqvs mravali literaturuli premia — fontanes (1919), goeTes (1948), raabes (1950), germ. wigniT movaWreTa mSvidobisa (1955) da sxv. 1956 wels daarsda heses saxelobis premia.

gagacnobT mis werils: `kiTxvis Sesaxeb~

kiTxvis Sesaxeb

adamianTa umravlesobam kiTxva ar icis, ufro mets ki bolomde ver gaugia, ratom kiTxulobs. zogierTebi Tvlian, rom kiTxva, ZiriTadad, mZime, magram au-cilebeli ramaa `ganaTlebisTvis~, da nebismieri sakiTxavi maT, didi-didi, `gaa-naTlebs~. sxvebisTvis kiTxva msubuqi siamovnebaa, drois mokvlis saSualeba, da maTTvis, sinamdvileSi, sul erTia, ras waikiTxaven, oRond ki ar moiwyinon. ase, b-ni miuleri goeTes `egmonts~ an markgrafinis qalis, fon bairoitis mogo-nebebs kiTxulobs, imis imediT, rom ufro ganaTlebuli gaxdeba da Seavsebs Tavis codnas, romlis naklebobasac Tavad ganicdis. is, rom codnis naklebobas ase mZa-frad grZnobs da ar iviwyebs, ukve imis maniSnebelia, rom misi azriT ganaTleba raRac garedan momavalia da igi SromiT miiRweva. es ki imaze metyvelebs, rom rac ar unda iswavlos, masSi yvelaferi mkvdar da unayofo codnad darCeba.

batoni maieri ki `siamovnebisTvis~ kiTxulobs, anu mowyenilobis Jams. dro bevri aqvs, rentiea, dro imaze meti aqvs, ramdenis gamoyenebasac SeZlebda. maSa-sadame, mwerlebi mas grZeli dRis mokvlaSi unda daexmaron. igi iseve kiTxulobs balzaks, rogorc karg sigaras eweva, da iseve kiTxulobs lenuas, rogorc gazeTs. arada, es batonebi, miulerebi da maierebi (iseve, rogorc maTi colebi, vaJebi da asulebi), sxva rameebSi sulac ar arian arCevansa da damoukideblobas moklebu-lebi. TavianT fasian qaRaldebs saTanado mizezebis gareSe arasodes yiduloben da yidian, gamocdili aqvT, rom Zilis win mZime saWmelis miReba arasasurvelia, da fizikurad imaze metad ar itvirTaven Tavs, vidre janmrTelobisTvis araa auci-

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lebeli. zogierTi maTgani sportsac ki misdevs da am niSandoblivi drostarebis saidumloSic erkveva, icis, rom sportiT Wkvian adamians aramarto siamovnebis miReba, aramed gaaxalgazrdaveba da janze mosvlac SeuZlia.

hoda, iseve, rogorc varjiSobs an niCabs usvams, batonma maierma unda ikiTxos kidec. im saaTebisagan, romlebsac kiTxvas andomebs, aranaklebi xeiri unda hqon-des, vidre im droisgan, romelsac Tavis saqmes axmars, da mas ar unda acdu-nebdes iseTi wigni, romelic codniT ar gaamdidrebs, odnav mainc ufro janmr-Tels, erTi dRiT ufro axalgazrdas ar gaxdis. ganaTleba mas iseve naklebad unda adardebdes, rogorc profesoris wodebis mopoveba, da romanebis gmir yaCaRebTan da saroskipoebis mflobelebTan urTierToba iseve unda rcxveno-des, rogorc namdvil naZiralebTan saqmis daWera. magram mkiTxveli ase marti-vad ar msjelobs, is dabeWdil samyaros ganixilavs rogorc udavod amaRlebul rames, borotsa da keTils miRma arsebuls, anda amreziT uyurebs am samyaros, rogorc ararearuls, meocnebeebis mier gamogonils, romelic mxolod imisTvis varga, rom mowyenilobis Jams miakiTxo, da saidanac aranair xeirs ar unda elo-de, didi-didi, is SegrZneba gamogyves, rom ramdenime saaTi sasiamovnod gaatare. miuxedavad literaturis mcdari Sefasebisa da dakninebisa, b-ni miuleri da b-ni maieri, rogorc wesi, Zalian bevrs kiTxuloben. im saqmes, romelic maT, sinamdvi-leSi, sul ar exebaT, met yuradRebas da dros uTmoben, vidre rame sxva saqmes. Sesabamisad, gumaniT mainc xvdebian, rom wignebSi aris raRac, arcTu mTlad umni-Svnelo. oRond maTi wignebis mimarT damokidebuleba imdenad pasiuri da Tavisu-fal nebas moklebulia, rom, biznesSi igive rom WirdeT, didi xnis gakotrebule-bulebi iqnebodnen.

is mkiTxvelic, romelic dasvenebasa da drois gatarebas cdilobs, da isic, vinc sakuTar ganaTlebaze zrunavs, wignebSi erTgvar macocxlebel da sulierad amamaRlebel Zalas grZnoben, Tumca danamdvilebiT araferi ician da arc ramis Sefaseba SeuZliaT. isini ugunuri avadmyofebiviT iqcevian, romlebmac ician, rom afTiaqSi bevri kargi wamalia da amitom iq yvela saSualebis gasinjvas cdiloben, yvela kolofis, yvela SuSis naxvas. arada, kargi iqneboda, Tu wignis maRaziasa da biblioTekaSi, kargi afTiaqis msgavsad, yvelasTvis monaxuliyo sakuTari sa-Sualeba, rom mowamvlisa da zedmetis moxmarebis gareSe yvelas SeZleboda axali Zalebis mokreba.

Cven, literatorebs, gvsiamovnebs, rom xalxi amdens kiTxulobs, da albaT avtoris mxridan arcTu Wkvianuria imis Tqma, rom xalxi metismetad bevrs kiTxu-lobs. magram roca es ambavi didxans grZeldeba, sayovelTaod arasworad gagebu-li da borotad gamoyenebuli saqmianoba sul ufro naklebad sasiamovno xdeba, da aTi kargi, madlieri mkiTxvelis yola, naklebi mogebis miuxedavad, aTasi umadu-ris yolaze ukeTesicaa da ufro sasixaruloc.

amitom gavkadnierdi da vacxadeb, rom xalxi, sazogadod, metismetad bevrs kiTxulobs da es `kiTxvadoba~ literaturisTvis pativi ki ara, zaralia. wigne-bi imisTvis rodi iwereba, rom damoukideblobas moklebuli xalxi kidev ufro uniaTo gaxdes, magram, miuxedavad amisa, maT imisTvis iyeneben, rom usicocxlo adamianebs iafad miawodon raRaca, rac cxovrebis iluzias qmnis da TiTqos misi Semcvlelia. arada, wignebi xom mxolod maSinaa faseuli, roca sicocxles gva-ziarebs, sicocxles emsaxureba, da kiTxvis yoveli saaTi fuWadaa Cavlili, Tu mkiTxvels erTi wveTi Zala, axalgazrdoba, xalisi mainc ar Semata.

garegnulad kiTxva iseTi ramaa, romelic koncentracias moiTxovs, da `dar-

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dis gasaqarveblad~ kiTxva tyuili ambavia. Tu adamiani suliT avadmyofi araa, arafris gaqarveba ar sWirdeba, piriqiT, yvelgan yuradRebiT yofna marTebs - sa-dac ar unda imyofebodes, rasac ar unda akeTebdes, rasac ar unda grZnobdes - mTeli arsiT movlenebSi unda iyos CarTuli. aseve, kiTxvis dros unda gvesmodes, rom yoveli kargi wigni, upirveles yovlisa, yuradRebis gamaxvilebas gulisxmobs, CaxlarTuli ambebis erT wertilSi koncentrirebas da gamartivebas. adamianuri grZnobebis aseTi gamartiveba da koncentrireba sul patara leqsiTac SeiZleba, da Tu misi kiTxvisas imis Zala ar Semwevs, rom yuradReba movikribo, Tanamonawi-le da TanamgrZnobi ar gavxde, cudi mkiTxveli vyofilvar. is, rom amiT leqsisa Tu romanis mimarT usamarTlobas viCen, SeiZleba ar maRelvebdes, magram cudi kiTxviT, upirveles yovlisa, sakuTari Tavis mimarT var usamarTlo. dros iseT rameze vxarjav, rac faseuli araa, mxedvelobas da yuradRebas CemTvis umniSvne-lo rames vaxmar, imas, rac - winaswar vici - mzad var umalve daviviwyo, gonebas vRli STabeWdilebebiT, romlebic CemTvis usargebloa da romelTa gadaxarSvac ar SemiZlia.

xSirad ityvian xolme, es `cudi kiTxva~ gazeTebis braliao. me aseTi azri sruliad mcdarad mimaCnia. SeiZleba yoveldRiurad ikiTxo gazeTi an gazeTebi da amave dros koncentrirebulad da qmediTunarianad darCe, axali ambebis amor-Ceva da swrafi kombinacia Zalian janmrTeli da faseuli varjiSic kia. am dros, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom ganaTlebas danatrebulma maierma Tu siamovnebisTvis mkiTxvelma imgvarad waikiTxon `arCeviTi naTesaoba~, rom is sruliad usargeblo iqneba.

cxovreba xanmoklea, da imqveynad aravis moekiTxeba, ramden wignTan SeZlo gamklaveba. amitom arc Tu Wkvianuria da metic, mavnea fuW kiTxvaze drois xarjva. me cud wignebs ki ara, kiTxvis xarisxs vgulisxmob. kiTxvisagan, iseve, rogorc cxovrebaSi yoveli nabijisa da CasunTqvisgan, raRacas unda velodeT, mas Zala unda davaxarjoT, rom meti miviRoT, unda davikargoT, rom ufro cnobierad aRmovaCinoT sakuTari Tavi. literaturis istoriis codnas aranairi faseuloba ar gaaCnia, Tuki yovelma wakiTxulma tomma nugeSi, an Zala, an sulieri simSvi-de ar moitana. uazro, dabneuli kiTxva igivea, rac lamaz midamoSi Tvalaxveu-li seirnoba. arc imisTvis unda vikiTxoT, rom sakuTari Tavi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba dagvaviwydes, piriqiT, ufro cnobierad da gonivrulad unda movkidoT mtkice xeli Cvens cxovrebas. wignebs ise ar unda mivudgeT, rogorc SeSinebuli moswavleebi _ ampartavan maswavlebels, da arc ise, fuqsavatebi rom miadgebian xolme aryis boTls, _ aramed ise, rogorc mTamsvlelebi udgebian alpebs, mebr-Zolebi _ arsenals. unda viyoT ara devnilebi da cxovrebis armosurneni, aramed keTili xalxi, romelsac maTTan aqvs saqme, vinc misi megobari da Semwea. ase rom iyos, ase rom moxdes, imis meaTedsac aRar waikiTxavda xalxi, rasac axla kiTxu-lobs, da yvelani aTjer ufro gaxarebulebi da mdidrebi viqnebodiT. xolo Tu es imas gamoiwvevda, rom Cvens wignebs aravin iyidda da Cven, mwerlebi, aTjer naklebs davwerdiT, samyaros amiT araferi dauSavdeboda. vinaidan, kiTxvisa ar iyos, arc weris saqmea kargad.

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VI Tema: `xani undobari~

Wabua amirejibiSvilebo da SviliSvilebo!es werili Tvrametisas waakiTxeT Tqvens balRebs.Cemo patara batonebo da qalbatonebo!

batonobiT mogmarTavT, radgan sul cota aTi aristokratiuli gvarisa da batonTa modgmisani xarT.

oTxmocisa gitovebT am werils Tqveni papa da pepera mzeWabuk (Wabua) iraklis Ze amirejibi da Tavs movaled vTvli, zogi ram girCioT:

warmomavloba gixseneT. swored es unda iyos pirvelmizezi imisa, rom ampar-tavnobisken ki ara, Tavmdablobis, mimteveblobisa da siyvarulisken unda mii-drikos Tqveni xasiaTi, sicocxlisa da samyarosadmi damokidebuleba.

mTavari mainc is aris, rom Tqven mxolodRa ded-mamisa da bebia-papebis na-Sieri ki ara, qarTveli eris Svilebi xarT iseve, yoveli qarTveli mamuliSvili – erisa, romlis uangaro samsaxurs Sealies Tavisi sicocxle Cven winaparTagan urCeulesebma. unda icodeT da yoveli mniSvnelovani nabijis gadadgmisas iTva-liswinebdeT, rom xalxi, rogorc fenomeni, mxolodRa dResdReobiTi nawilia im maradiulobisa, rasac qarTveli eri hqvia, xolo eris sawyisi da ZiriTadi birTvi ojaxia, raic Tavad Tqvenc ueWvelad unda SeqmnaT da imravloT, raTa xsenebuli maradisoba uzrunvelhyoT. es Tqveni wmindaTawminda valia!

samSobloSi Tqveni ojaxis elCi da saxe unda iyoT, samSoblos gareT Tqveni eris sindisi da Rirseba.

unda ecadoT, aravin gZuldeT. siZulvili borotebas badebs. mtrisac ki pa-tiviscema gmarTebT, radgan igi TqvenSi mebrZols ayalibebs.

Cinuri andazaa – „Tu ginda idge – sul unda irbino~. igulisxmeba ganuwyvete-li moqmedeba. aseTebi iyvnen Tqveni winaprebi, maT Soris Tqveni papebi da peperebi. im droisTvis roca am werils waikiTxavT, ukve gecodinebaT, ras miaRwies maT moR-vaweobis sxvadasxva dargebSi da icodeT, yovelive imis wyalobiT iyo, rom sul da-vrbodiT. axlis Zieba, moqmedeba da aRsruleba uyo Cveni sicocxlis azri da devizi. yovelive adamiani (maT Soris Tqvenc), upirvelesad yovlisa, sakuTari SesaZle-blobebis jami da yulabaa. SesaZleblobebi ki kapitalia. kapitals aseT niadagSi Cabandeba urCevnia, saidanac meti amonagebi eqneba.

daakvirdiT, vin meti moimka, vinc sakuTar materialur keTildReobaSi Caa-banda, Tu man, vinc mamuliSvilobaSi, samSoblos samsaxurSi, eris, adamianisa da mSvenierebis siyvarulSi Caiferfla? ifiqreT amaze, gamoitaneT daskvna da ise airCieT Tqveni „sirbilis~ asparezi.

imeds vitoveb, rom Rirseulad gaswevT Tqveni winaprebis damsaxurebaTa, Tavdadebisa da ukvdavi saxelebis saamayo Wapans im oTxi saTnoebiT maT Cven – Tavis CamomavalT, rom gvianderZes – vaJkacobiT, samarTlianobiT, TavSekavebiTa da gonierebiT.

danarCens sakuTari cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba SegZenT.samSoblo uwinares yovlisa!Tqveni papa-pepera – Wabua amirejibiTbilisi, 04.07.20

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IX Tema ùsiyvarulod~

o’henri

o’henri (d. 1862 – g.1910) amerikeli novelisti, moulodneli dasasrule-bis ostati, romelic niu-iorkSi mcxovreb Cveulebriv xalxze werda. o’henris moTxrobebi gamorCeulia siuJetis mixvev-moxveviT da CaxlarTulobiT.

cota vinmem Tu icis vin iyo uiliam sidni porteri, magram o’henri visac ar unda kiTxoT, yvelas ecodineba, miuxedavad imisa, icnobs Tu ara mis Semoqmedebas. sinamdvileSi ki uiliam sidni porteri da o’henri erTi da igive pirovnebaa. o’hen-ri misi fsevdonimia, romelic savaraudod im cixis (Ohio Penitentiary) Semoklebaa, romelSic man sami weli gaatara…

uiliam sidnei porteri daibada grinsboroSi, samxreT karolina. mamamisi, al-gernon sidnei porteri, eqimi iyo. rodesac uiliami sami wlis gaxldaT, deda gar-daecvala, igi aRizarda mamis mxridan bebiisa da mamidis mier. uiliami gaumaZRari mkiTxveli iyo, magram man 15 wlis asakSi skola miatova, igi muSaobda afTiaqsa da texasis fermaSi. is gadavida hiustonSi, sadac mas ramdenime samsaxuri hqonda, iyo bankis moxele. austinSi gadasvlis Semdeg igi 1882 wels daqorwinda.

1884 wels muSaoba daiwyo iumoristul Jurnal `roling sTounSi~ (moZravi qva). rodesac igi Tavisufali gaxldaT igi hiuston presis reportiori da svetis wamyvanic gaxldaT. erTxelac, reviziis dros, xuTi aTasi dolaris odenobis da-naklisi aRmouCines da fulis umiznod gankargva mas dabralda. amis gamo igi 1 weli (1897 w.) hondurasSi emaleboda marTlmsajulebas. aSS-Si ki imis gamo dabrunda, rom coli gauxda avad. 1898 wels policias Cabarda da ohaioSi, kolumbusis ci-xeSi Casves. 5 wlis magivrad 3 weli moixada sasjeli. `kargad moqcevisaTvis~ ori weli mouxsnes. cixidan gamogzavnil werilebSi igi werda: àq adamianis sicocxle gaufasurebulia. Wleqi iseTive Cveulebrivi movlenaa, rogorc cixis gareT sur-do, TviTmkvleloba ki iseTi xSiria, rogorc zafxulSi gaseirneba... damwyvdeul ubedurTa kvnesa da yvirili moqmedebs Cemze, rogorc civi samarTleblis piri kiserTan. yvirili SemoiWreba xolme Cems moTxrobebSi, rogorc ConCxis Zvlebis Cxaruni saqorwilo mxiarulebaSi~.

patimrobis periodSi o’henrim daiwyo novelebis wera, Soulobda fuls da exmareboda mis das, margarets. misi pirveli namuSevari: `stvenia dikis saSobao cecxli~ (1899), daibeWda makkluris JurnalSi. rodesac porterma moixada sasje-lis 5 wlidan 3 weli, gamovida cixidan 1901 wels da gadairqva saxeli: o’henri.

1902 wlis dekembris miwuruls o’henri niu-iorkSi gadavida. 1906 wlis ian-varSi man dawera moTxroba niu-iorkis msoflio mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb, romelic agreTve gamoqveynda sxvadasxva JurnalebSi. o’henris pirveli krebuli: `kombo-stoebi da mefeebi~ gamoqveynebul iqna 1904 wels. meore, `4 milioni~, gamoica 2 wlis dagvianebiT, romelic Seicavda mis ucnobiles novelebs: `megis saCuqari~ da `morTuli oTaxi~. `mowesrigebuli lampa~ (1907) Sevida krebul ùkanasknel fo-TolSi~. henris ucnobilesi naSromia anTologiis tipis `wiTeli Sefis gamosasyi-di~, romelic Sesulia krebul `karuselSi~ (1910). dasavleTis guli (1907) warmod-genilia moTxrobaTa krebul `texasis saZovarSi~. o’henrim gamosca 10 krebuli, romelSic Sesulia 600 da meti novela, romelTac werda sicocxlis bolomde.

o’henri moTxrobebis didostatia. ar dauweria raime mozrdili nawarmoebi. sikvdilis win Tqva, rom rac aqamde davwere, am didi wignisTvis mzadebaa, axla

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rom davwero, Tumca ar dascalda. misi sami moTxroba: `eqvsianebi da Svidianebi~, `moZravi qvebi~ da `colebi da mawanwalebi~ cnobili gaxda misi sikvdilis Semdgom.

o’henri bolo wlebSi daavadda alkoholizmiT, rasac finansuri problemebi daemata. is daqorwinda sara lindsi kolemanze 1907 wels, magram misi qorwineba bednieri ar yofila, erTi wlis Semdeg isini gaeyarnen.

o’henri 1910 wlis 5 ivniss niu-iorkSi gardaicvala diabetisa da RviZlis ci-rozisagan, ukiduresad Raribi da martoxela. misi ukanaskneli sityvebi iyo: `aan-TeT sanTeli _ sibneleSi sikvdili ar minda~.

qarTuli ena da literatura 8 -...

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