Puasa dan Perubatan
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DR. WAN MOHD RAZIN B. WAN HASSAN
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Pejagaan Kesihatan Dalam Islam
Perubatan – Maslahah Umum
Beberapa kaedah telah digariskan :-1. Perubatan Penjagaan (Primary)
• Berhubungkait dgn kewajipan dan larangan
2. Perubatan Kejiwaan• Ketenangan dan keharmonian ada kesan positif dlm
menentang pelbagai penyakit, mencergaskan jiwa, mengaktifkan tenaga.
3. Perubatan Rawatan• Madu, minyak zaitun, Kurma, buah-buahan
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OUTLINE
1. ISU-ISU UMUM BERKAITAN PUASA
2. FISIOLOGI BERPUASA
3. KELEBIHAN BERPUASA DARI SUDUT KESIHATAN
4. GOLONGAN YANG DIBERIKAN RUKHSAH
5. MENANGANI PESAKIT-PESAKIT DI SEPANJANG BULAN PUASA
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PUASA
• DIPRAKTIKKAN SEJAK SEKIAN LAMA
• PUASA RAMADHAN DIWAJIBKAN PADA TAHUN KE-2 HIJRAH
• TIADA PENGECUALIAN – QADHA’ ATAU FIDYAH
• BANYAK DIGUNAKAN DALAM RAWATAN PERUBATAN
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SYARAT WAJIB PUASA
1. ISLAM
2. BERAKAL
3. BALIGH (SAMPAI UMUR)
4. MAMPU BERPUASA
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DIBENARKAN BERBUKA….
1. Orang yang sakit, yang menghilangkan kekuatan untuk berpuasa
2. Orang yang bermusafir
3. Perempuan yang sedang mengandung atau menyusui anak
4. Orang tua yang sangat lemah untuk puasa
5. Dahaga yang bersangatan sehingga boleh memudharatkan
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FADHILAT BERPUASA1. Puasa dan Perubatan
2. Puasa dan Pembangunan Rohani
3. Puasa dan Ketenangan Jiwa
4. Puasa Memupuk Jiwa Dermawan
5. Puasa dan Kemanusiaan
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Kelebihan Berpuasa Ramadhan dari Sudut Kesihatan
• Memberikan kerehatan kepada saluran GI– Kembali kepada fitrah
• Ketenangan spiritual– Stress mengganggu kesihatan
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Senario Kehidupan 1
• 6.00 am – Bangun tidur
• 7.30 am – Pergi kerja
• 10.00 am – Minum pagi
• 1.30 pm – Makan tengahari
• 5.00 pm – Minum petang
• 9.00 pm – Makan malam
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Senario Kehidupan 2
• 6.45 am – Terlewat bangun• 7.45 am – Pergi Kerja
• SKIP Breakfast• BRUNCH at 12.30 pm• Sibuk bekerja• 10.00 Malam - keluar makan bersama
kawan
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Senario Kehidupan 3
• Berpeluang menghadiri kursus di hotel ternama
• Breakfast Symposium at 7 am
• Morning Break at 10.30 am
• Lunch Symposium 1.30 pm
• Tea break at 4.00 pm
• Dinner Talk at 9.00 pm
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SENARIO RAMADHAN
• 4.30 AM – SAHUR
• 6.00 AM – SOLAT SUBUH DI MASJID
• 8 – 1.00 PM – KERJA
• 1.30 PM - SOLAT ZOHOR
• 4.30 PM - BALIK KERJA
• 7.15 PM - BERBUKA PUASA
• 9.00 PM - SOLAT ISYA’ & TARAWIH
- TADARRUS QURAN
• 11.30 PM - TIDUR
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Kelebihan Berpuasa1. Puasa memberi Kesegaran kepada fisikal dan mental seseorang.2. Puasa bertindak menghancurkan sisa-sisa racun atau tosik dalam
darah manusia.3. Puasa akan memberi kesegaran pada otot-otot dan akan
membuat anda sihat, segar dan bertenaga.4. Puasa akan memanjangkan umur anda5. Puasa akan membersihkan diri anda dari dosa6. Puasa akan membantu menhakiskan keracunan yang berada
dalam tubuh badan manusia.7. Puasa akan memberi keimbangan dalam darah.8. Bilamana darah kita terlampau asam / asid, bila berpuasa semua
asid akan detox an darah akan kembali alkali.9. Puasa boleh menurunkan darah tinggi10. Puasa boleh menurunkan berat badan11. Puasa membersihkan segala kotoran dalam badan12. Puasa boleh mencerahkan pemandangan mata
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• The study was carried out on 38 students who had the same diet.
• Two blood samples: before Ramadan and at the end of the month.
• The sera obtained was tested for total level of IgA, IgG and IgM and serum components like C3 and C4.
• Results showed that there was not a significant difference between serum levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 before and at the end of Ramadan (P > 0.05).
• It is concluded that Ramadan fasting has no effect on humoral immunity.
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Results: Irritability was significantly higher in smokersthan in nonsmokers before the beginning of Ramadan. It was higher in both groups during the Ramadan month.Irritability increased continuously during Ramadan and reached its peak at the end of the month. Consumption of psychostimulants (coffee and tea) and anxiety level followed the same pattern. Smokers and nonsmokers had a similar pattern of irritability over time, but irritability increased more in smokers than in nonsmokers.
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Semuanya berkaitan MAKAN
• Peranan PERUT
• Konsep WEAR and TEAR
• Perlu kerehatan
• ALLAH MAHA PENCIPTA & MAHA MENGETAHUI
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Hadis Rasulullah S.A.W
“ Tidak ada satu bekas yang lebih buruk yang dipenuhi oleh anak Adam selain daripada perut. Cukuplah bagi anak Adam itu beberapa suapan makanan yang boleh menegakkan tulang sulbinya. Jika perlu dipenuhkan jug perut itu, maka satu pertiga darinya hendaklah diperuntukkan untuk makanan, satu pertiga lagi untuk minuman, dan satu pertiga lagi untuk pernafasannnya”
(HR Ahmad, At-Tirmidzi dan An-Nasa’i)
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MENGAPA PERLU BERPUASA
• PERUT – ADALAH KILANG PEMPROSESAN YANG SANGAT UNIK, KOMPLEKS, EFISIEN DAN AMPUH
• PERANAN DALAM SISTEM PENCERNAAN MAKANAN
• PERLU ‘SERVIS’
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Fisiologi berpuasa
• Tabiat Makan kekadang sukar diubah
• Rasulullah bersabda “ Makan bila lapar, berhenti sebelum kenyang”
• Nafsu untuk makan kekadang lebih banyak mempengaruhi
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APA BERLAKU SEMASA BERPUASA?
• At first, true hunger is easily confused with habit
• Deal with it for - you will pass.
• Hunger returns again and again like an unwelcome guest as blood sugar drops
• After just a few hours of fasting your stomach and upper gut are largely empty
• For most people hunger begins to subside as the body switches from glucose metabolism to fat metabolism
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GOLONGAN DIBERIKAN RUKHSAH
1. Orang yang sakit, yang menghilangkan kekuatan untuk berpuasa
2. Orang yang bermusafir
3. Perempuan yang sedang mengandung atau menyusui anak
4. Orang tua yang sangat lemah untuk puasa
5. Dahaga yang bersangatan sehingga boleh memudharatkan
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(Kavehmanesh, Z.)
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Studies on effect of fasting towards breast-fed mothers
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• In the developing world, decreased breast milk, early supplementation and weaning are inappropriate nutrition for infants, and the consequences are possible malnutrition and anaemia.
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PENGURUSAN PESAKIT BERMASALAH KESIHATAN
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“An Islamic view of certain contemporary medical issues” (Morocco, June 1997)
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• Fasting is not meant to create excessive hardship on the Muslim individual.
• The Koran specifically exempts the sick from the duty of fasting (Holy Koran, Al-Bakarah, 183–185), especially if fasting might lead to harmful consequences for the individual.
• Nevertheless, many patients with diabetes insist on fasting during Ramadan, thereby creating a medical challenge for themselves and their physicians.
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FASTING
GLUCOSE LEVEL LOW
FA OXYDATION PRODUCE KETONE
INCREASED FA RELEASE FROM ADIPOCYTES
GLUCONEOGENESIS
STIMULATE BREAKDOWN OF GLYCOGEN
INCREASED GLUCAGONINCREASED CATECHOL
REDUCE INSULIN SECRETION
STORAGE LESS
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• Fasting has been associated with variations in the incidence of some diseases, however, the incidence of stroke in Ramadan was not significantly different from the rest of the year.2
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• Previous studies documented an association between Ramadan fasting and biochemical and hormonal changes.
• Several investigators reported changes in lipid profile; however, these results were based on a small number of patients and were contradictory.
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PERKARA YG PERLU DIBERIKAN PENEKANAN
1. Individualization2. Frequent monitoring of glycemia3. Nutrition
• Do not differ• Maintain weight• AVOID – large CHO rich food esp. IFTAR• Complex CHO – better for sahur• Increase fluid intake during non fasting hours
4. Exercise• May maintain normal level activity• Heavy exercise – risk of hypoglycemia• Tarawih – enough for daily exercise requirement
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MESTI Berbuka jika sekiranya…
Pastikan pesakit-pesakit faham akan kepentingan berbuka puasa…
• Hypoglycemia (BG < 3.3 mmol/l)• If BG < 3.9 mmol/l in first few hours • If blood glucose > 16.7 mmol/l
AVOID…AVOID…FASTING ON SICK DAYS
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• In general, women with pregestational or gestational diabetes should be strongly advised to not fast during Ramadan.
• However, if they insist on fasting, then special attention should be given to their care.
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PENYAKIT-PENYAKIT LAIN
BERDASARKAN PRINSIP,
1. PUASA ADALAH UNTUK KESIHATAN
2. ADA KELONGGARAN YANG DIBERIKAN
3. DAPATKAN NASIHAT DAN PANDANGAN DARI MEREKA YANG ARIF
4. MESTI MEMPUNYAI KEAZAMAN UNTUK MELAKUKAN PUASA JIKA SEKIRANYA KESIHATAN PULIH
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KESIMPULAN
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KESIMPULAN
1. PUASA SUATU KEWAJIPAN
2. PUASA MEMBERIKAN KESIHATAN
3. KESIHATAN MEMPENGARUHI PUASA
4. RUKHSAH – MESTI ‘DIRAIKAN’
5. PENGURUSAN PESAKIT YANG BERPUASA MESTILAH SESUAI
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SEKIAN, TERIMA KASIH
AHLAN WA SAHLAN
RAMADHAN AL-MUBARAK