Proses Pengembangan Project Website - hermantolle.com filehalaman-halaman web secara lengkap dan...
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Proses Pengembangan Project Website
Dr. Eng. Herman Tolle, ST., MT.
Sistem Informasi - PTIIK
Universitas Brawijaya Ganjil 2014/2015
Desain Web
Web Development Team
Planning: Development Team
A cross-disciplinary team includes:• Project manager (Web site manager)
• HTML Authors
• Programmers
• Interface and Interaction designer
• Graphic designer
• System/ server administrator
Hey look, No Webmaster!
• Human factors/ Usability expert
• Writers / Editors
• Content Owner(s)
• Client / customer
• User
• Representative from a Legal department
Web Developer
Secara garis besar dapat dipisahkan:
1. Web Designer: membuat disain web
2. Web Programmer: membuat script untukweb
3. Web Administrator: sebagaiadministrator web
Web Development Process
Tahapan Pengembangan Website
Sebuah website dikembangkan dalam 2 proses besar:
1. Web Development: proses awal hingga menjadihalaman-halaman web secara lengkap dan siaptayang. Dibuat dan diujikan pada lingkunganterbatas.
2. Web Deployment: proses untuk membuatwebsite terpasang pada server internet dandapat diakses orang lain. Dibuat dan diujikanpada lingkungan penerapan sebenarnya
Web Development Process
• Perencanaan Web Site (Plan, Design)
• Membuat Website (Develop)
• Testing Website (Deploy)
Perencanaan Web (PLAN) (Form1)Lakukan perencanaan sebelum membuat website, yaitu:
Deskripsikan apa tujuan/fungsi web tersebut. Apakah untuk Berita, Pendidikan, Pribadi, Official web, E-Commerce, Hiburan atau lainnya.
Kumpulkan/siapkan semua bahan/materi/konten apa saja yang akan ditampilkan. (Seperti data, image, database, dll)
Rancang menu dan link navigasinya. (site map)
Rancang disain tampilan (layout) secara umum.
Konsep Konten
Pertanyaan pertama, what is the site for? • Promote your ideas, hobbies, or beliefs
• To Advertise your company or product
• Make loads of money really fast
• Provide customer services and support
• To keep your customer base informed
• Give or Sell Information
• Create an 'Extended Business Card' for your company
• Provide internal information and services for your company
Konsep Konten …
• Pertanyaan mendasar yang harus dijawab adalah :
– Mengapa orang mau mengunjungi website saya?
– Mengapa orang mau mengunjungi lagi (re-visit) website saya?
• Menjaga konten selalu ter-update secara berkala (no one wants to keep reading the same stuff over and over again).
• Tambahkan konten yang dinamis pada site anda. Misalnya: buku tamu, news, forum diskusi, chat room, pool, share social media, dll. (Ingat untuk selalu memonitor-nya)
Konsep Disain
Dalam mendisain web, komponen berikut yang harus diperhatikan:
• Tata Letak / Layout
• Teks (Tipografi)
• Ilustrasi (Grafik dan Animasi)
• Warna
• Links (Struktur Navigasi)
Ada jutaan bahkan milyaran halaman web di internet, tetapi hanya sebagian kecil yang membuat kita terkesan dan betah untuk selalu mengunjunginya.
Apa yang membuat kita mau membuka suatu halaman web???
1. Ada INFORMASI yang ingin kita peroleh dari web tersebut!!! -> Web Content
2. Tampilan yang menarik dan kenyamanan dalam berinteraksi -> Disain Web
Komponen Disain Web
• Ada dua komponen dasar dalam disain web:
– isi (content)
– tampilan (format).
• Web yang mementingkan content terkadang memiliki tampilan yang sederhana atau bahkan ala kadarnya
• Web yang memiliki disain yang bagus biasanya memiliki waktu loading yang lama.
• Isi dan tampilan adalah suatu kesatuan yang harus dibangun secara bersama-sama.
Optimasi Web
• Bagaimana membuat sebuah website yang memiliki tampilan yang bagus, tetapi juga efisien dalam manajemen isi dan waktu loading-nya?
• Waktu loading (loading time) sangat tergantung pada ukuran file dan kecepatan koneksi internetnya
• Ukuran file termasuk juga semua komponen yang ada dalam halaman web tersebut (gambar, sound, animasi, dll)
Browser Compatibility
Web pages do NOT look the same in all the major browsers
Test with current and recent versions of: ◦ Internet Explorer
◦ Firefox, Mozilla
◦ Opera
◦ Safari
Progressive Enhancement: Website functions well in browsers commonly used by your target audience
Add enhancements with CSS3 and/or HTML5 for display in modern browsers
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Web Page Design Screen Resolution
Test at various screen resolutions◦ Most widely used: 1024x768, 1366x768, and 1280x800
Design to look good at various screen resolutions◦ Centered page content ◦ Set to either a fixed or percentage width
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Struktur Navigasi
Website Organization
Hierarchical
Linear
Random (sometimes called Web Organization)
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Hierarchical Organization
A clearly defined home page
Navigation links to major site sections
Often used for commercial and corporate websites
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Hierarchical: Too Shallow
Be careful that the organization is not too shallow.
Too many immediate choices a confusing and less usable website.
Group, or “chunk”, related areas
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Hierarchical: Too Deep
Be careful that the organization is not too deep.
◦ This results in many “clicks” needed to drill down to the needed page.
◦ User Interface “Three Click Rule” A web page visitor should be able to get
from any page on your site to any other page on your site with a maximum of three hyperlinks.
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Linear Organization
A series of pages that provide a tutorial, tour, or presentation.
Sequential viewing
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Random Organization
Sometimes called “Web” Organization
Usually there is no clear path through the site
May be used with artistic or concept sites
Not typically used for commercial sites
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Visual Design Principles
Repetition Repeat visual elements
throughout design
Contrast Add visual excitement and
draw attention
Proximity Group related items
Alignment Align elements to create visual
unity
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Writing for the Web
Hindari teks yang terlalu panjang (45-75karakter)
Gunakan bullet points
Gunakan headings dan subheadings
Gunakan paragraphs yang singkat
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Design “Easy to Read” Text
Use common fonts: Google Font
Use appropriate text size: medium, 1em, 100%
Use appropriate line length Between 50-75 characters is recommended
Use appropriate line height: 1.2 – 1.5
Use strong contrast between text & background
Use columns instead of wide areas of horizontal text
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More Text Design Considerations
Carefully choose text in hyperlinks
Avoid “click here”
Hyperlink key words or phrases
Do not hyperlink not entire sentences
Chek yur spellin (Check your spelling)
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Using Color on Web Pages
Computer monitors display color as intensities of red, green, and blue light
RGB Color
The values of red, green, and blue vary from 0 to 255.
Hexadecimal numbers (base 16) represent these color values.
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Hexadecimal Color Values
# indicates a hexadecimal value
Hex value pairs range from 00 to FF
Three hex value pairs describe an RGB color
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Web Color Palette
A collection of 216 colors
Display the most similar on the Mac and PC platforms
Hex values: 00, 33, 66, 99, CC, FF
Color Chart : http://webdevbasics.net/color
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Making Color Choices
How to choose a color scheme?
Monochromatic○ http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/color-blend
○ http://www.0to255.com
Choose from a photograph or other image○ http://www.colr.org
Begin with a favorite color○ Use one of the sites below to choose other colors
http://www.colorschemedesigner.com
http://www.colorsontheweb.com/colorwizard.asp
Use of Graphics & Multimedia
Perhatikan ukuran dan dimensi file
Antialiased/aliased text considerations
Sediakan alternate text untuk setiap tag image (<img alt = “Logo” … >)
Gunakan file multimedia (sound, video) seperlunya
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Web Page Design Load Time
Watch the load time of your pages
Try to limit web page document and associated media to under 60K on the home page
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Navigation Design
Make your site easy to navigate Provide clearly labeled navigation in the same location on
each page
Most common – across top or down left side
Consider: Navigation Bars
Breadcrumb Navigation
Using Graphics for Navigation
Dynamic Navigation
Site Map
Site Search Feature
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Rancang Disain Visual dg Wireframe
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Wireframe
Sketsa rancangan dari sebuah website
Menunjukkan struktur dasar elemen-2 web page:
Logo
Navigation
Content
Footer
Contoh Wireframe Tools
JustInMind http://www.justinmind.com/
Microsoft Visio
Adobe inDesign
Pencil Project http://pencil.evolus.vn/Default.html
FrameBox
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Web Page Design Page Layout (1)
Place the most important information "above the fold"
Use adequate "white" or blank space
Use an interesting page layout
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This is usable, but a little boring. See the next slide for improvements in page layout.
Web Page Design Page Layout (2)
Better
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Columns make the page more interesting and it’s easier to read this way.
Web Page Design Page Layout (3)
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BestColumns of different widths interspersed with graphics and headings create the most interesting, easy to read page.
Page Layout Design Techniques
Fixed Layout
◦ AKA rigid or “ice” design
◦ Fixed-width often at left margin
◦ More appealing if fixed with content is centered
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Page Layout Design Techniques
Fluid Layout◦ AKA “liquid” design◦ Expands to fill the
browser at all resolutions.
◦ Adaptation: ◦ Page content typically
centered andoften configured with a percentage width such as 80%
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Web Design Best Practices Checklist (Form 2)
http://terrymorris.net/bestpractices
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• Page Layout• Browser Compatibility• Navigation• Color and Graphics• Multimedia• Content Presentation• Functionality• Accessibility
How to be a good designer?
Perbanyak lihat contoh berbagai format disain web
Kuasai penggunaan HTML Editor, Image Manipulator / Animator
Practise,
practise,
practise!
Make your own design and be creative!
How to be a good programmer? Kuasai Logika Pemrograman
Pelajari Javascript dan salah satu server side script
Pelajari modul aplikasi step-by-step
Jangan hanya puas menggunakan instant aplikasi CMS (Mambo, PHPNuke, dll)
Practise, Practise, Practise
Make your Own!
Web Development Technology
Web Development Technology
• Browser
• Authoring Tools
• Development Tools
• Development Platform
• Web Server Application
• Database
Authoring Tools
• Microsoft Web Expression
• Macromedia Dreamweaver, Fireworks, Flash
• Aptana, HTML-Kit, Komodo, KompoZer
• Graphics Design Tools: Photoshop, dll
Development Platform
• Server Side Programming:
– CGI, ASP, PHP, ColdFusion
• Server Side Platform:
– J2EE
– Apache, Tomcat
– .Net Framework (v1, v1.1, v2, v3, v3.5, …)
• Web Service
• Interoperability, data interchange: XML
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Web Deployment
Deploying Website
• Hosting
• Daftar (Register) Domain
• Upload Website
• Testing Website
Deploying Website
• Proses hosting dan register domain dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan jasa perusahaan yang menyediakan hosting + daftar domain
• Pemilihan hosting harus disesuaikan dengan website yang kita buat, fitur yang disediakan server dan layanan yang diberikan perusahaan tsb.
Deploying Website
Pemilihan Server Hosting
• Server Unix / Linux Script PHP
• Server Windows: ASP/.NET
• Database apa yang disupport?
• Berapa kapasitas yang diberikan?
• Fitur apa saja yang ada: Control Panel? Email?, FTP?, Backup data?, Sekuritas?
• Biaya, dan
• Support dari Penyedia server
Final Project Planning
Gunakan Lembar Kerja Final Project
Minggu 1: Form 1 - Planning
Minggu 2: Form 2 - Web Evaluation
Minggu 3&4: Presentasi
UAS: Pengumpulan Project